diff --git a/strix/core/execution.py b/strix/core/execution.py
index 412cf998..6fafd7fa 100644
--- a/strix/core/execution.py
+++ b/strix/core/execution.py
@@ -57,9 +57,10 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 StreamEventSink = Callable[[str, Any], None]
 
-_INPUT_REJECTION_CODES = frozenset({400, 404, 422})
-# Replies meaning "this model takes no images", not image errors in general: a
-# context overflow that counts "image/vision expansion" must not match.
+_INPUT_REJECTION_CODES = frozenset({400, 404, 415, 422})
+# Replies meaning "this model takes no images" or "this image is not a decodable
+# image"; stripping images and retrying fixes both. Not image errors in general:
+# a context overflow that counts "image/vision expansion" must not match.
 _IMAGE_REJECTION = re.compile(
     r"no endpoints found that support image input"  # OpenRouter
     r"|image_url is only supported by certain models"  # OpenAI
@@ -68,8 +69,15 @@ _IMAGE_REJECTION = re.compile(
     r"|doesn't support the image field"  # Bedrock Converse
     r"|unknown variant `image_url`"  # DeepSeek, e.g. via Vercel AI Gateway
     r"|'[^']*image[^']*' functionality not supported"  # Vercel AI Gateway (AI SDK), unverified
-    r"|does not contain a valid JPG, PNG, WebP, or ICO image"  # xAI: URL fetched, not an image
-    r"|unsupported content-type encountered when downloading image",  # xAI
+    r"|\binvalid_image\b"  # xAI error code
+    r"|does not contain a valid JPG, PNG, WebP, or ICO image"  # xAI
+    r"|unsupported content-type encountered when downloading image"  # xAI
+    r"|does not represent a valid image"  # OpenAI
+    r"|could not process image"  # Anthropic, Bedrock
+    r"|provided image is not valid"  # Gemini
+    r"|could not be loaded as a valid image"  # Mistral
+    r"|url did not return an image"  # OpenRouter
+    r"|not an allowed image type|cannot identify image file",  # vLLM/PIL-based hosts
     re.IGNORECASE,
 )
 _MAX_COMPACTIONS_PER_CYCLE = 2
diff --git a/tests/test_execution_transient_retry.py b/tests/test_execution_transient_retry.py
index 93cd4d16..759938c6 100644
--- a/tests/test_execution_transient_retry.py
+++ b/tests/test_execution_transient_retry.py
@@ -203,6 +203,33 @@ async def test_run_cycle_does_not_retry_permanent_error(
             "supported content types are [image/jpeg, image/png, image/webp].",
             True,
         ),
+        (
+            400,
+            "The image data you provided does not represent a valid image. Please check "
+            "your input and try again with one of the supported image formats.",
+            True,
+        ),
+        (400, '{"type":"invalid_request_error","message":"Could not process image"}', True),
+        (
+            400,
+            '{"code":400,"message":"Provided image is not valid.","status":"INVALID_ARGUMENT"}',
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            400,
+            "Image, 'https://example.com/', could not be loaded as a valid image. "
+            "Allowed formats are JPEG, PNG, WEBP, GIF",
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            415,
+            '{"error":{"message":"URL did not return an image (received text/error content): '
+            'https://example.com/","code":415}}',
+            True,
+        ),
+        (400, "image_url content type is not an allowed image type: text/html", True),
+        (400, "cannot identify image file <_io.BytesIO object>", True),
+        (400, '{"error":{"code":"invalid_image_detail"}}', False),
         (
             400,
             "OpenRouterException: Message: This model's maximum context length is 1048576 "