diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr-batch-test-deploy.yml b/.github/workflows/pr-batch-test-deploy.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f61cdef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-batch-test-deploy.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+name: PR Batch Test Deploy
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      pr_numbers:
+        description: "Comma/newline separated PR numbers to merge onto the base branch"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      base_ref:
+        description: "Base branch to build from"
+        required: false
+        default: main
+        type: string
+      deploy_channel:
+        description: "Floating image tag used by the shared HK test machine"
+        required: false
+        default: manual-test-hk
+        type: string
+
+concurrency:
+  group: pr-batch-test-runtime
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: write
+  pull-requests: read
+
+env:
+  DOCKER_PLATFORM: linux/amd64
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-deploy:
+    name: Build And Deploy Manual Test Batch
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Ensure helper scripts are executable
+        run: chmod +x scripts/prepare-pr-batch.sh scripts/deploy-test-runtime.sh
+
+      - name: Validate deploy secrets
+        env:
+          TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_HOST: ${{ secrets.TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_HOST }}
+          TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_KEY }}
+        run: |
+          [[ -n "${TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_HOST}" ]] || { echo "::error::Missing secret TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_HOST"; exit 1; }
+          [[ -n "${TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_KEY}" ]] || { echo "::error::Missing secret TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_KEY"; exit 1; }
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Log in to GHCR
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Merge selected PRs onto base ref
+        id: batch
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          scripts/prepare-pr-batch.sh \
+            --pr-list "${{ inputs.pr_numbers }}" \
+            --base-ref "${{ inputs.base_ref }}" \
+            --deploy-channel "${{ inputs.deploy_channel }}"
+
+      - name: Build and push backend image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: ./server
+          file: ./server/Dockerfile
+          platforms: ${{ env.DOCKER_PLATFORM }}
+          push: true
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
+          tags: |
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/skillhub-server:${{ steps.batch.outputs.deploy_tag }}
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/skillhub-server:${{ steps.batch.outputs.immutable_tag }}
+          cache-from: type=gha,scope=manual-test-server
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max,scope=manual-test-server
+
+      - name: Build and push frontend image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: ./web
+          file: ./web/Dockerfile
+          platforms: ${{ env.DOCKER_PLATFORM }}
+          push: true
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
+          tags: |
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/skillhub-web:${{ steps.batch.outputs.deploy_tag }}
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/skillhub-web:${{ steps.batch.outputs.immutable_tag }}
+          cache-from: type=gha,scope=manual-test-web
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max,scope=manual-test-web
+
+      - name: Build and push scanner image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: ./scanner
+          file: ./scanner/Dockerfile
+          platforms: ${{ env.DOCKER_PLATFORM }}
+          push: true
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
+          tags: |
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/skillhub-scanner:${{ steps.batch.outputs.deploy_tag }}
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/skillhub-scanner:${{ steps.batch.outputs.immutable_tag }}
+          cache-from: type=gha,scope=manual-test-scanner
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max,scope=manual-test-scanner
+
+      - name: Prepare deploy key
+        id: ssh
+        env:
+          TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_KEY }}
+        run: |
+          key_file="${RUNNER_TEMP}/test-runtime.key"
+          printf '%s\n' "${TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_KEY}" > "${key_file}"
+          chmod 600 "${key_file}"
+          echo "key_file=${key_file}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+
+      - name: Deploy batch images to HK test runtime
+        env:
+          TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_HOST: ${{ secrets.TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_HOST }}
+          TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_USER }}
+          TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_PORT: ${{ secrets.TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_PORT }}
+        run: |
+          ssh_port="${TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_PORT:-22}"
+          ssh_user="${TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_USER:-skillhub-deploy}"
+          scripts/deploy-test-runtime.sh \
+            --host "${TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_HOST}" \
+            --user "${ssh_user}" \
+            --port "${ssh_port}" \
+            --key-file "${{ steps.ssh.outputs.key_file }}" \
+            --deploy-tag "${{ steps.batch.outputs.deploy_tag }}" \
+            --immutable-tag "${{ steps.batch.outputs.immutable_tag }}" \
+            --merged-sha "${{ steps.batch.outputs.merged_sha }}" \
+            --pr-csv "${{ steps.batch.outputs.pr_csv }}" \
+            --run-url "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+
+      - name: Publish final summary
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "### HK manual test runtime updated"
+            echo
+            echo "- URL: \`https://skill.xf-yun.com.cn\`"
+            echo "- Base ref: \`${{ steps.batch.outputs.base_ref }}\`"
+            echo "- Floating tag: \`${{ steps.batch.outputs.deploy_tag }}\`"
+            echo "- Immutable tag: \`${{ steps.batch.outputs.immutable_tag }}\`"
+            echo "- Merged SHA: \`${{ steps.batch.outputs.merged_sha }}\`"
+            echo "- PR list: \`${{ steps.batch.outputs.pr_csv }}\`"
+          } >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
diff --git a/docs/pr-batch-test-runtime.md b/docs/pr-batch-test-runtime.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f6d1c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pr-batch-test-runtime.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# PR Batch Test Runtime
+
+This repository includes a manual GitHub Actions workflow that builds a
+synthetic test image set from multiple PRs and deploys it to the shared
+Hong Kong manual-test machine.
+
+Workflow file:
+
+- `.github/workflows/pr-batch-test-deploy.yml`
+
+## What the workflow does
+
+When you trigger the workflow manually, it:
+
+1. checks out the repository and fetches the selected base branch
+2. parses the PR list you provide and deduplicates it while preserving order
+3. verifies that every PR is still open and targets the chosen base branch
+4. merges the selected PR heads onto the base branch in the exact order you supplied
+5. fails fast if any PR conflicts with the base branch or with an earlier PR in the batch
+6. builds `server`, `web`, and `scanner` images for `linux/amd64`
+7. pushes both a floating tag and an immutable tag to GHCR
+8. SSHes into the HK test machine as a dedicated deploy user
+9. calls a root-owned deployment wrapper through `sudo`
+10. updates `/opt/skillhub-runtime/.env.release` and runs `docker compose pull && docker compose up -d`
+
+The floating tag is the shared environment channel. By default it is
+`manual-test-hk`. Each run also pushes an immutable tag for traceability:
+
+- floating tag example: `manual-test-hk`
+- immutable tag example: `manual-test-hk-128-3d4a8e7f9a1b`
+
+The runtime always deploys the floating tag, so the same test URL keeps
+working while still letting maintainers look up the exact image version
+used by a given run.
+
+## Required GitHub secrets
+
+Add these repository or environment secrets before using the workflow:
+
+- `TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_HOST`: test machine hostname or IP
+- `TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_KEY`: private key content used by GitHub Actions
+
+Optional secrets:
+
+- `TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_USER`: defaults to `skillhub-deploy`
+- `TEST_RUNTIME_SSH_PORT`: defaults to `22`
+
+The remote machine should expose a root-owned deployment command at:
+
+- `/usr/local/bin/skillhub-test-deploy`
+
+The dedicated deploy user is expected to have passwordless sudo access to
+that command only.
+
+## Recommended usage
+
+Open the workflow in GitHub Actions and fill in:
+
+- `pr_numbers`: a comma-separated or newline-separated list such as `123, 124, 130`
+- `base_ref`: usually `main`
+- `deploy_channel`: keep the default `manual-test-hk` for the shared test machine
+
+The merge order matters. If PR `124` depends on `123`, list `123` first.
+
+## Runtime metadata on the server
+
+After deployment, the workflow writes a small metadata file here:
+
+- `/opt/skillhub-runtime/manual-test-deployment.txt`
+
+It records:
+
+- deploy time
+- floating tag
+- immutable tag
+- merged synthetic SHA
+- PR list
+- GitHub Actions run URL
+
+This makes it easy for testers and maintainers to confirm which batch is
+currently deployed.
diff --git a/scripts/deploy-test-runtime.sh b/scripts/deploy-test-runtime.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..47a2f3cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/deploy-test-runtime.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: scripts/deploy-test-runtime.sh [options]
+
+Options:
+  --host <host>              Remote SSH host
+  --user <user>              Remote SSH user. Default: skillhub-deploy
+  --port <port>              Remote SSH port. Default: 22
+  --key-file <path>          SSH private key for deployment
+  --deploy-tag <tag>         Floating image tag to deploy
+  --immutable-tag <tag>      Immutable image tag for traceability
+  --merged-sha <sha>         Synthetic merge commit SHA
+  --pr-csv <list>            Comma-separated PR numbers
+  --run-url <url>            GitHub Actions run URL
+EOF
+}
+
+ssh_host=""
+ssh_user="skillhub-deploy"
+ssh_port="22"
+ssh_key_file=""
+deploy_tag=""
+immutable_tag=""
+merged_sha=""
+pr_csv=""
+run_url=""
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --host)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --host" >&2; exit 1; }
+      ssh_host="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --user)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --user" >&2; exit 1; }
+      ssh_user="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --port)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --port" >&2; exit 1; }
+      ssh_port="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --key-file)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --key-file" >&2; exit 1; }
+      ssh_key_file="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --deploy-tag)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --deploy-tag" >&2; exit 1; }
+      deploy_tag="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --immutable-tag)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --immutable-tag" >&2; exit 1; }
+      immutable_tag="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --merged-sha)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --merged-sha" >&2; exit 1; }
+      merged_sha="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --pr-csv)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --pr-csv" >&2; exit 1; }
+      pr_csv="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --run-url)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --run-url" >&2; exit 1; }
+      run_url="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --help|-h)
+      usage
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "Unsupported argument: $1" >&2
+      usage >&2
+      exit 1
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ -n "${ssh_host}" ]] || { echo "--host is required" >&2; exit 1; }
+[[ -n "${ssh_key_file}" ]] || { echo "--key-file is required" >&2; exit 1; }
+[[ -n "${deploy_tag}" ]] || { echo "--deploy-tag is required" >&2; exit 1; }
+[[ -n "${immutable_tag}" ]] || { echo "--immutable-tag is required" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+ssh_opts=(
+  -i "${ssh_key_file}"
+  -o BatchMode=yes
+  -o IdentitiesOnly=yes
+  -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new
+  -o ServerAliveInterval=15
+  -o ServerAliveCountMax=3
+  -o TCPKeepAlive=yes
+  -o ConnectTimeout=10
+  -p "${ssh_port}"
+)
+
+ssh "${ssh_opts[@]}" "${ssh_user}@${ssh_host}" bash -s -- \
+  "${deploy_tag}" \
+  "${immutable_tag}" \
+  "${merged_sha}" \
+  "${pr_csv}" \
+  "${run_url}" <<'EOF'
+set -euo pipefail
+
+deploy_tag="$1"
+immutable_tag="$2"
+merged_sha="$3"
+pr_csv="$4"
+run_url="${5:-}"
+
+sudo /usr/local/bin/skillhub-test-deploy \
+  --deploy-tag "${deploy_tag}" \
+  --immutable-tag "${immutable_tag}" \
+  --merged-sha "${merged_sha}" \
+  --pr-csv "${pr_csv}" \
+  --run-url "${run_url}"
+EOF
diff --git a/scripts/prepare-pr-batch.sh b/scripts/prepare-pr-batch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..0b5f56a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/prepare-pr-batch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: scripts/prepare-pr-batch.sh --pr-list "123,456" [options]
+
+Options:
+  --base-ref <ref>         Base branch to merge onto. Default: main
+  --deploy-channel <tag>   Floating image tag for the shared test runtime.
+                           Default: manual-test-hk
+EOF
+}
+
+base_ref="main"
+deploy_channel="manual-test-hk"
+pr_input=""
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --base-ref)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --base-ref" >&2; exit 1; }
+      base_ref="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --deploy-channel)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --deploy-channel" >&2; exit 1; }
+      deploy_channel="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --pr-list)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --pr-list" >&2; exit 1; }
+      pr_input="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --help|-h)
+      usage
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "Unsupported argument: $1" >&2
+      usage >&2
+      exit 1
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+: "${GH_TOKEN:?GH_TOKEN is required}"
+
+if [[ -z "${pr_input}" ]]; then
+  echo "--pr-list is required" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+normalized_input="$(printf '%s' "${pr_input}" | tr ',;\r\n\t' '     ')"
+
+declare -a pr_numbers=()
+
+for token in ${normalized_input}; do
+  if [[ ! "${token}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+    echo "Invalid PR number: ${token}" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  already_seen=false
+  if [[ "${#pr_numbers[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
+    for existing in "${pr_numbers[@]}"; do
+      if [[ "${existing}" == "${token}" ]]; then
+        already_seen=true
+        break
+      fi
+    done
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "${already_seen}" == "true" ]]; then
+    continue
+  fi
+
+  pr_numbers+=("${token}")
+done
+
+if [[ "${#pr_numbers[@]}" -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo "No PR numbers were parsed from --pr-list" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+sanitized_channel="$(
+  printf '%s' "${deploy_channel}" |
+    tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' |
+    sed -E 's/[^a-z0-9._-]+/-/g; s/^-+//; s/-+$//; s/-{2,}/-/g'
+)"
+
+if [[ -z "${sanitized_channel}" ]]; then
+  echo "Deploy channel resolved to an empty tag" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+
+git fetch --no-tags origin "${base_ref}"
+git checkout -B manual-test-batch "origin/${base_ref}"
+
+summary_file="${RUNNER_TEMP:-/tmp}/manual-test-batch-summary.md"
+current_pr=""
+trap 'status=$?; if [[ $status -ne 0 && -n "${current_pr}" ]]; then echo "Failed while merging PR #${current_pr}" >&2; fi' EXIT
+
+{
+  echo "### Manual Test Batch"
+  echo
+  echo "- Base ref: \`${base_ref}\`"
+  echo "- Deploy channel: \`${sanitized_channel}\`"
+  echo "- Selected PRs:"
+} > "${summary_file}"
+
+for pr in "${pr_numbers[@]}"; do
+  current_pr="${pr}"
+
+  IFS=$'\t' read -r state pr_base is_draft title url <<EOF
+$(gh pr view "${pr}" \
+    --json state,baseRefName,isDraft,title,url \
+    --jq '[.state, .baseRefName, (.isDraft|tostring), .title, .url] | @tsv')
+EOF
+
+  if [[ "${state}" != "OPEN" ]]; then
+    echo "PR #${pr} is not open (state=${state})" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "${pr_base}" != "${base_ref}" ]]; then
+    echo "PR #${pr} targets ${pr_base}, expected ${base_ref}" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  git fetch --no-tags origin "pull/${pr}/head:refs/remotes/origin/manual-test-pr-${pr}"
+  git merge --no-ff --no-edit \
+    -m "Merge PR #${pr} for manual test batch" \
+    "refs/remotes/origin/manual-test-pr-${pr}"
+
+  if [[ "${is_draft}" == "true" ]]; then
+    title="${title} [draft]"
+  fi
+
+  echo "  - #${pr} ${title} (${url})" >> "${summary_file}"
+done
+
+merged_sha="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+short_sha="$(git rev-parse --short=12 HEAD)"
+run_token="${GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER:-manual}"
+immutable_tag="${sanitized_channel}-${run_token}-${short_sha}"
+pr_csv="$(IFS=,; echo "${pr_numbers[*]}")"
+
+if [[ -n "${GITHUB_OUTPUT:-}" ]]; then
+  {
+    echo "base_ref=${base_ref}"
+    echo "deploy_tag=${sanitized_channel}"
+    echo "immutable_tag=${immutable_tag}"
+    echo "merged_sha=${merged_sha}"
+    echo "short_sha=${short_sha}"
+    echo "pr_csv=${pr_csv}"
+    echo "summary_file=${summary_file}"
+  } >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+fi
+
+{
+  echo "- Merged SHA: \`${merged_sha}\`"
+  echo "- Floating tag: \`${sanitized_channel}\`"
+  echo "- Immutable tag: \`${immutable_tag}\`"
+} >> "${summary_file}"
+
+if [[ -n "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY:-}" ]]; then
+  cat "${summary_file}" >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
+fi
diff --git a/scripts/skillhub-test-deploy-remote.sh b/scripts/skillhub-test-deploy-remote.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39663624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/skillhub-test-deploy-remote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: /usr/local/bin/skillhub-test-deploy [options]
+
+Options:
+  --deploy-tag <tag>       Floating image tag to deploy
+  --immutable-tag <tag>    Immutable image tag for traceability
+  --merged-sha <sha>       Synthetic merge commit SHA
+  --pr-csv <list>          Comma-separated PR numbers
+  --run-url <url>          GitHub Actions run URL
+EOF
+}
+
+runtime_dir="/opt/skillhub-runtime"
+deploy_tag=""
+immutable_tag=""
+merged_sha=""
+pr_csv=""
+run_url=""
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --deploy-tag)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --deploy-tag" >&2; exit 1; }
+      deploy_tag="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --immutable-tag)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --immutable-tag" >&2; exit 1; }
+      immutable_tag="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --merged-sha)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --merged-sha" >&2; exit 1; }
+      merged_sha="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --pr-csv)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --pr-csv" >&2; exit 1; }
+      pr_csv="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --run-url)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { echo "Missing value for --run-url" >&2; exit 1; }
+      run_url="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --help|-h)
+      usage
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "Unsupported argument: $1" >&2
+      usage >&2
+      exit 1
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ -n "${deploy_tag}" ]] || { echo "--deploy-tag is required" >&2; exit 1; }
+[[ -n "${immutable_tag}" ]] || { echo "--immutable-tag is required" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+if [[ ! "${deploy_tag}" =~ ^[a-z0-9._-]+$ ]]; then
+  echo "Invalid deploy tag: ${deploy_tag}" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ ! "${immutable_tag}" =~ ^[a-z0-9._-]+$ ]]; then
+  echo "Invalid immutable tag: ${immutable_tag}" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ -n "${merged_sha}" && ! "${merged_sha}" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{7,64}$ ]]; then
+  echo "Invalid merged SHA: ${merged_sha}" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ -n "${pr_csv}" && ! "${pr_csv}" =~ ^[0-9]+(,[0-9]+)*$ ]]; then
+  echo "Invalid PR list: ${pr_csv}" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ -n "${run_url}" && ! "${run_url}" =~ ^https://github\.com/.+/actions/runs/[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+  echo "Invalid run URL: ${run_url}" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+set_env_value() {
+  key="$1"
+  value="$2"
+  tmp=".env.release.tmp"
+
+  if grep -q "^${key}=" .env.release; then
+    sed "s|^${key}=.*|${key}=${value}|" .env.release > "${tmp}"
+  else
+    cp .env.release "${tmp}"
+    printf '%s=%s\n' "${key}" "${value}" >> "${tmp}"
+  fi
+
+  mv "${tmp}" .env.release
+}
+
+cd "${runtime_dir}"
+
+test -f .env.release
+test -f compose.release.yml
+
+cp .env.release ".env.release.bak.$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"
+
+set_env_value "SKILLHUB_VERSION" "${deploy_tag}"
+
+cat > manual-test-deployment.txt <<METADATA
+deployed_at=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)
+deploy_tag=${deploy_tag}
+immutable_tag=${immutable_tag}
+merged_sha=${merged_sha}
+pr_numbers=${pr_csv}
+run_url=${run_url}
+METADATA
+
+docker compose --env-file .env.release -f compose.release.yml pull
+docker compose --env-file .env.release -f compose.release.yml up -d
+docker compose --env-file .env.release -f compose.release.yml ps
+
+web_port="$(awk -F= '/^WEB_PORT=/{print $2}' .env.release | tail -n 1)"
+if [[ -z "${web_port}" ]]; then
+  web_port="80"
+fi
+
+curl -fsS http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/health >/dev/null
+curl -fsS "http://127.0.0.1:${web_port}/nginx-health" >/dev/null