From d02c580779100009f7e3f1a93cd92ff64fc92703 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameer Kankute <sameer@berri.ai>
Date: Wed, 24 Dec 2025 13:51:58 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] feat(vertex-ai): add centralized get_vertex_base_url() helper
 for global location support

- Add get_vertex_base_url() helper function to handle regional vs global URLs
- Update _get_embedding_url() to support global location
- Update _get_vertex_url() chat, image_generation, and count_tokens modes
- Add comprehensive test suite with 38 tests covering all endpoint types
- Tests verify both regional and global URL construction
- Maintains 100% backward compatibility
---
 .../vertex_ai/agent_engine/transformation.py  |   4 +-
 litellm/llms/vertex_ai/batches/handler.py     |   4 +-
 litellm/llms/vertex_ai/common_utils.py        |  65 ++-
 litellm/llms/vertex_ai/fine_tuning/handler.py |  20 +-
 .../vertex_gemini_transformation.py           |   7 +-
 .../vertex_imagen_transformation.py           |   4 +-
 .../vertex_gemini_transformation.py           |  14 +-
 .../vertex_imagen_transformation.py           |   3 +-
 litellm/llms/vertex_ai/ocr/transformation.py  |   3 +-
 .../vertex_ai/rag_engine/transformation.py    |   9 +-
 .../vector_stores/rag_api/transformation.py   |   4 +-
 .../count_tokens/handler.py                   |   5 +-
 .../vertex_ai/vertex_model_garden/main.py     |   5 +-
 .../llms/vertex_ai/videos/transformation.py   |   5 +-
 .../test_vertex_global_url_support.py         | 428 ++++++++++++++++++
 15 files changed, 518 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/test_litellm/llms/vertex_ai/test_vertex_global_url_support.py

diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/agent_engine/transformation.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/agent_engine/transformation.py
index 4c07e8455e3..42032079f94 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/agent_engine/transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/agent_engine/transformation.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from litellm.llms.base_llm.chat.transformation import BaseConfig, BaseLLMExcepti
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.agent_engine.sse_iterator import (
     VertexAgentEngineResponseIterator,
 )
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.vertex_llm_base import VertexBase
 from litellm.types.llms.openai import AllMessageValues
 from litellm.types.utils import Choices, Message, ModelResponse, Usage
@@ -130,8 +131,7 @@ class VertexAgentEngineConfig(BaseConfig, VertexBase):
                 )
             resource_path = f"projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/reasoningEngines/{engine_id}"
 
-        # Build the base URL
-        base_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
 
         # Always use :streamQuery endpoint for actual queries
         # The :query endpoint only supports session management methods
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/batches/handler.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/batches/handler.py
index edae91ff9a3..12ce8b48aaf 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/batches/handler.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/batches/handler.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from litellm.llms.custom_httpx.http_handler import (
     _get_httpx_client,
     get_async_httpx_client,
 )
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.gemini.vertex_and_google_ai_studio_gemini import VertexLLM
 from litellm.types.llms.openai import CreateBatchRequest
 from litellm.types.llms.vertex_ai import (
@@ -128,7 +129,8 @@ class VertexAIBatchPrediction(VertexLLM):
     ) -> str:
         """Return the base url for the vertex garden models"""
         #  POST https://LOCATION-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/batchPredictionJobs
-        return f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/batchPredictionJobs"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+        return f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/batchPredictionJobs"
 
     def retrieve_batch(
         self,
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/common_utils.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/common_utils.py
index 03fa5b98928..7d84b7c9098 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/common_utils.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/common_utils.py
@@ -193,6 +193,18 @@ def get_vertex_base_model_name(model: str) -> str:
     return model
 
 
+def get_vertex_base_url(
+    vertex_location: Optional[str],
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Get the base URL for Vertex AI API calls.
+    """
+    if vertex_location == "global":
+        return "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+    else:
+        return f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+
+
 def _get_embedding_url(
     model: str,
     vertex_project: Optional[str],
@@ -212,10 +224,18 @@ def _get_embedding_url(
     # Strip routing prefixes (bge/, gemma/, etc.) for endpoint URL construction
     model = get_vertex_base_model_name(model=model)
     
-    url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
+    # Get base URL (handles global vs regional)
+    base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+    
     if model.isdigit():
         # https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/$PROJECT_ID/locations/us-central1/endpoints/$ENDPOINT_ID:predict
-        url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}:{endpoint}"
+        # https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/$PROJECT_ID/locations/global/endpoints/$ENDPOINT_ID:predict
+        url = f"{base_url}/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}:{endpoint}"
+    else:
+        # Regular model -> publisher model
+        # https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/$PROJECT_ID/locations/us-central1/publishers/google/models/{model}:predict
+        # https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/$PROJECT_ID/locations/global/publishers/google/models/{model}:predict
+        url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
     
     return url, endpoint
 
@@ -236,26 +256,23 @@ def _get_vertex_url(
     if mode == "chat":
         ### SET RUNTIME ENDPOINT ###
         endpoint = "generateContent"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+        
         if stream is True:
             endpoint = "streamGenerateContent"
-            if vertex_location == "global":
-                url = f"https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/global/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}?alt=sse"
-            else:
-                url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}?alt=sse"
-        else:
-            if vertex_location == "global":
-                url = f"https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/global/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
-            else:
-                url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
-
+        
         # if model is only numeric chars then it's a fine tuned gemini model
         # model = 4965075652664360960
-        # send to this url: url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/{version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}:{endpoint}"
+        # send to this url: url = f"{base_url}/{version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}:{endpoint}"
         if model.isdigit():
-            # It's a fine-tuned Gemini model
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}:{endpoint}"
-            if stream is True:
-                url += "?alt=sse"
+            # It's a fine-tuned Gemini model - use endpoints/ path
+            url = f"{base_url}/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}:{endpoint}"
+        else:
+            # Regular model - use publishers/google/models/ path
+            url = f"{base_url}/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
+        
+        if stream is True:
+            url += "?alt=sse"
     elif mode == "embedding":
         return _get_embedding_url(
             model=model,
@@ -265,15 +282,17 @@ def _get_vertex_url(
         )
     elif mode == "image_generation":
         endpoint = "predict"
-        url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
         if model.isdigit():
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}:{endpoint}"
+            # Numeric model -> custom endpoint
+            url = f"{base_url}/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}:{endpoint}"
+        else:
+            # Regular model -> publisher model
+            url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
     elif mode == "count_tokens":
         endpoint = "countTokens"
-        if vertex_location == "global":
-            url = f"https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/global/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
-        else:
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+        url = f"{base_url}/{vertex_api_version}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model}:{endpoint}"
     if not url or not endpoint:
         raise ValueError(f"Unable to get vertex url/endpoint for mode: {mode}")
     return url, endpoint
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/fine_tuning/handler.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/fine_tuning/handler.py
index 6372f8ea305..e2cd052fffd 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/fine_tuning/handler.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/fine_tuning/handler.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import httpx
 import litellm
 from litellm._logging import verbose_logger
 from litellm.llms.custom_httpx.http_handler import HTTPHandler, get_async_httpx_client
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.gemini.vertex_and_google_ai_studio_gemini import VertexLLM
 from litellm.types.fine_tuning import OpenAIFineTuningHyperparameters
 from litellm.types.llms.openai import FineTuningJobCreate
@@ -261,7 +262,8 @@ class VertexFineTuningAPI(VertexLLM):
             original_hyperparameters=original_hyperparameters or {},
         )
 
-        fine_tuning_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/tuningJobs"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+        fine_tuning_url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/tuningJobs"
         if _is_async is True:
             return self.acreate_fine_tuning_job(  # type: ignore
                 fine_tuning_url=fine_tuning_url,
@@ -329,19 +331,21 @@ class VertexFineTuningAPI(VertexLLM):
             "Content-Type": "application/json",
         }
 
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+        
         url = None
         if request_route == "/tuningJobs":
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/tuningJobs"
+            url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/tuningJobs"
         elif "/tuningJobs/" in request_route and "cancel" in request_route:
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/tuningJobs{request_route}"
+            url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/tuningJobs{request_route}"
         elif "generateContent" in request_route:
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
+            url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
         elif "predict" in request_route:
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
+            url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
         elif "/batchPredictionJobs" in request_route:
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
+            url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
         elif "countTokens" in request_route:
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
+            url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
         elif "cachedContents" in request_route:
             _model = request_data.get("model")
             if _model is not None and "/publishers/google/models/" not in _model:
@@ -349,7 +353,7 @@ class VertexFineTuningAPI(VertexLLM):
                     f"projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{_model}"
                 )
 
-            url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
+            url = f"{base_url}/v1beta1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}{request_route}"
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"Unsupported Vertex AI request route: {request_route}")
         if self.async_handler is None:
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_edit/vertex_gemini_transformation.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_edit/vertex_gemini_transformation.py
index d575c5862e8..174d05cf7cf 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_edit/vertex_gemini_transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_edit/vertex_gemini_transformation.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from httpx._types import RequestFiles
 import litellm
 from litellm.images.utils import ImageEditRequestUtils
 from litellm.llms.base_llm.image_edit.transformation import BaseImageEditConfig
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.gemini.vertex_and_google_ai_studio_gemini import VertexLLM
 from litellm.secret_managers.main import get_secret_str
 from litellm.types.images.main import ImageEditOptionalRequestParams
@@ -143,11 +144,7 @@ class VertexAIGeminiImageEditConfig(BaseImageEditConfig, VertexLLM):
         if not vertex_project or not vertex_location:
             raise ValueError("vertex_project and vertex_location are required for Vertex AI")
 
-        # Handle global location differently (no region prefix in URL)
-        if vertex_location == "global":
-            base_url = "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com"
-        else:
-            base_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
 
         return f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model_name}:generateContent"
 
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_edit/vertex_imagen_transformation.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_edit/vertex_imagen_transformation.py
index ad650e38499..b61af6ffd3a 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_edit/vertex_imagen_transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_edit/vertex_imagen_transformation.py
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import httpx
 from httpx._types import RequestFiles
 
 import litellm
-
 from litellm.constants import DEFAULT_MAX_RECURSE_DEPTH
 from litellm.llms.base_llm.image_edit.transformation import BaseImageEditConfig
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.gemini.vertex_and_google_ai_studio_gemini import VertexLLM
 from litellm.secret_managers.main import get_secret_str
 from litellm.types.images.main import ImageEditOptionalRequestParams
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class VertexAIImagenImageEditConfig(BaseImageEditConfig, VertexLLM):
         if api_base:
             base_url = api_base.rstrip("/")
         else:
-            base_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+            base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
 
         return f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model_name}:predict"
 
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_generation/vertex_gemini_transformation.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_generation/vertex_gemini_transformation.py
index 619bd006300..89ed9f1a8a5 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_generation/vertex_gemini_transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_generation/vertex_gemini_transformation.py
@@ -7,13 +7,19 @@ import litellm
 from litellm.llms.base_llm.image_generation.transformation import (
     BaseImageGenerationConfig,
 )
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.gemini.vertex_and_google_ai_studio_gemini import VertexLLM
 from litellm.secret_managers.main import get_secret_str
 from litellm.types.llms.openai import (
     AllMessageValues,
     OpenAIImageGenerationOptionalParams,
 )
-from litellm.types.utils import ImageObject, ImageResponse, ImageUsage, ImageUsageInputTokensDetails
+from litellm.types.utils import (
+    ImageObject,
+    ImageResponse,
+    ImageUsage,
+    ImageUsageInputTokensDetails,
+)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from litellm.litellm_core_utils.litellm_logging import Logging as _LiteLLMLoggingObj
@@ -140,11 +146,7 @@ class VertexAIGeminiImageGenerationConfig(BaseImageGenerationConfig, VertexLLM):
         if not vertex_project or not vertex_location:
             raise ValueError("vertex_project and vertex_location are required for Vertex AI")
 
-        # Handle global location differently (no region prefix in URL)
-        if vertex_location == "global":
-            base_url = "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com"
-        else:
-            base_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
 
         return f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model_name}:generateContent"
 
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_generation/vertex_imagen_transformation.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_generation/vertex_imagen_transformation.py
index 33f416f9ca8..6f9e3874173 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_generation/vertex_imagen_transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/image_generation/vertex_imagen_transformation.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import litellm
 from litellm.llms.base_llm.image_generation.transformation import (
     BaseImageGenerationConfig,
 )
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.gemini.vertex_and_google_ai_studio_gemini import VertexLLM
 from litellm.secret_managers.main import get_secret_str
 from litellm.types.llms.openai import (
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ class VertexAIImagenImageGenerationConfig(BaseImageGenerationConfig, VertexLLM):
         if not vertex_project or not vertex_location:
             raise ValueError("vertex_project and vertex_location are required for Vertex AI")
 
-        base_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
 
         return f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model_name}:predict"
 
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/ocr/transformation.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/ocr/transformation.py
index f4482939851..849e332dae3 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/ocr/transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/ocr/transformation.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from litellm.litellm_core_utils.prompt_templates.image_handling import (
 )
 from litellm.llms.base_llm.ocr.transformation import DocumentType, OCRRequestData
 from litellm.llms.mistral.ocr.transformation import MistralOCRConfig
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.vertex_llm_base import VertexBase
 
 
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ class VertexAIOCRConfig(MistralOCRConfig):
 
         # Get API base URL
         if api_base is None:
-            api_base = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+            api_base = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
 
         # Ensure no trailing slash
         api_base = api_base.rstrip("/")
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/rag_engine/transformation.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/rag_engine/transformation.py
index b601da1951a..7e70202fb75 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/rag_engine/transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/rag_engine/transformation.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 from litellm._logging import verbose_logger
 from litellm.constants import DEFAULT_CHUNK_OVERLAP, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.vertex_llm_base import VertexBase
 from litellm.types.rag import RAGChunkingStrategy
 
@@ -37,8 +38,8 @@ class VertexAIRAGTransformation(VertexBase):
         Note: The REST endpoint for importRagFiles may not be publicly available.
         Vertex AI RAG Engine primarily uses gRPC-based SDK.
         """
-        base_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1"
-        return f"{base_url}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/ragCorpora/{corpus_id}:importRagFiles"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+        return f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/ragCorpora/{corpus_id}:importRagFiles"
 
     def get_retrieve_contexts_url(
         self,
@@ -46,8 +47,8 @@ class VertexAIRAGTransformation(VertexBase):
         vertex_location: str,
     ) -> str:
         """Get the URL for retrieving contexts (search)."""
-        base_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1"
-        return f"{base_url}/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}:retrieveContexts"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+        return f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}:retrieveContexts"
 
     def transform_chunking_strategy_to_vertex_format(
         self,
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vector_stores/rag_api/transformation.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vector_stores/rag_api/transformation.py
index 6f258bc04a6..08b93145e50 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vector_stores/rag_api/transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vector_stores/rag_api/transformation.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 import httpx
 
 from litellm.llms.base_llm.vector_store.transformation import BaseVectorStoreConfig
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.vertex_llm_base import VertexBase
 from litellm.types.router import GenericLiteLLMParams
 from litellm.types.vector_stores import (
@@ -88,7 +89,8 @@ class VertexVectorStoreConfig(BaseVectorStoreConfig, VertexBase):
             return api_base.rstrip("/")
 
         # Vertex AI RAG API endpoint for retrieveContexts
-        return f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}"
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+        return f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}"
 
     def transform_search_vector_store_request(
         self,
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vertex_ai_partner_models/count_tokens/handler.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vertex_ai_partner_models/count_tokens/handler.py
index ae1a758bf20..3842159fd7b 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vertex_ai_partner_models/count_tokens/handler.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vertex_ai_partner_models/count_tokens/handler.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ their respective publisher-specific count-tokens endpoints.
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 from litellm.llms.custom_httpx.http_handler import get_async_httpx_client
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.vertex_llm_base import VertexBase
 
 
@@ -65,10 +66,8 @@ class VertexAIPartnerModelsTokenCounter(VertexBase):
         # Use custom api_base if provided, otherwise construct default
         if api_base:
             base_url = api_base
-        elif vertex_location == "global":
-            base_url = "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com"
         else:
-            base_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+            base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
 
         # Construct the count-tokens endpoint
         # Format: /v1/projects/{project}/locations/{location}/publishers/{publisher}/models/count-tokens:rawPredict
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vertex_model_garden/main.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vertex_model_garden/main.py
index fe7d0862e02..c37bb449ecf 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vertex_model_garden/main.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/vertex_model_garden/main.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from typing import Callable, Optional, Union
 
 import httpx  # type: ignore
 
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import get_vertex_base_url
 from litellm.utils import ModelResponse
 
 from ..common_utils import VertexAIError, get_vertex_base_model_name
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ def create_vertex_url(
     api_base: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> str:
     """Return the base url for the vertex garden models"""
-    #  f"https://{self.endpoint.location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/{PROJECT_ID}/locations/{self.endpoint.location}"
-    return f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}"
+    base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+    return f"{base_url}/v1beta1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/endpoints/{model}"
 
 
 class VertexAIModelGardenModels(VertexBase):
diff --git a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/videos/transformation.py b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/videos/transformation.py
index 8a542ae4ef0..66cd1437642 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/videos/transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/vertex_ai/videos/transformation.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from litellm.images.utils import ImageEditRequestUtils
 from litellm.llms.base_llm.videos.transformation import BaseVideoConfig
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import (
     _convert_vertex_datetime_to_openai_datetime,
+    get_vertex_base_url,
 )
 from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.vertex_llm_base import VertexBase
 from litellm.types.router import GenericLiteLLMParams
@@ -222,10 +223,8 @@ class VertexAIVideoConfig(BaseVideoConfig, VertexBase):
         # Construct the URL
         if api_base:
             base_url = api_base.rstrip("/")
-        elif vertex_location == "global":
-            base_url = "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com"
         else:
-            base_url = f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+            base_url = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
 
         url = f"{base_url}/v1/projects/{vertex_project}/locations/{vertex_location}/publishers/google/models/{model_name}"
 
diff --git a/tests/test_litellm/llms/vertex_ai/test_vertex_global_url_support.py b/tests/test_litellm/llms/vertex_ai/test_vertex_global_url_support.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2c0178b3150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_litellm/llms/vertex_ai/test_vertex_global_url_support.py
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+"""
+Comprehensive tests for Vertex AI global URL support across all endpoints.
+
+This test suite ensures that all Vertex AI endpoints properly handle the 'global' location,
+which uses a different URL format than regional endpoints.
+
+Regional: https://{region}-aiplatform.googleapis.com/...
+Global: https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/...
+"""
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from litellm.llms.vertex_ai.common_utils import (
+    _get_embedding_url,
+    _get_vertex_url,
+    get_vertex_base_url,
+)
+
+
+class TestVertexBaseURL:
+    """Test the centralized get_vertex_base_url helper function."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "vertex_location, expected_base_url",
+        [
+            ("us-central1", "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com"),
+            ("us-east1", "https://us-east1-aiplatform.googleapis.com"),
+            ("europe-west1", "https://europe-west1-aiplatform.googleapis.com"),
+            ("asia-northeast1", "https://asia-northeast1-aiplatform.googleapis.com"),
+            ("global", "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_get_vertex_base_url(self, vertex_location, expected_base_url):
+        """Test that get_vertex_base_url returns correct URL for all location types."""
+        result = get_vertex_base_url(vertex_location)
+        assert result == expected_base_url
+        assert not result.endswith("/")  # No trailing slash
+
+
+class TestChatCompletionURLs:
+    """Test chat/completion endpoint URL construction with global location."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "vertex_location, stream, expected_url_pattern",
+        [
+            # Regional, non-streaming
+            (
+                "us-central1",
+                False,
+                "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/us-central1/publishers/google/models/gemini-1.5-pro:generateContent",
+            ),
+            # Regional, streaming
+            (
+                "us-central1",
+                True,
+                "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/us-central1/publishers/google/models/gemini-1.5-pro:streamGenerateContent?alt=sse",
+            ),
+            # Global, non-streaming
+            (
+                "global",
+                False,
+                "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/global/publishers/google/models/gemini-1.5-pro:generateContent",
+            ),
+            # Global, streaming
+            (
+                "global",
+                True,
+                "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/global/publishers/google/models/gemini-1.5-pro:streamGenerateContent?alt=sse",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_chat_url_construction(
+        self, vertex_location, stream, expected_url_pattern
+    ):
+        """Test that chat URLs are correctly constructed for regional and global locations."""
+        with patch(
+            "litellm.VertexGeminiConfig.get_model_for_vertex_ai_url",
+            side_effect=lambda model: model,
+        ):
+            url, endpoint = _get_vertex_url(
+                mode="chat",
+                model="gemini-1.5-pro",
+                stream=stream,
+                vertex_project="test-project",
+                vertex_location=vertex_location,
+                vertex_api_version="v1",
+            )
+
+        assert url == expected_url_pattern
+        if stream:
+            assert endpoint == "streamGenerateContent"
+            assert "?alt=sse" in url
+        else:
+            assert endpoint == "generateContent"
+            assert "?alt=sse" not in url
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "vertex_location, stream",
+        [
+            ("us-central1", False),
+            ("us-central1", True),
+            ("global", False),
+            ("global", True),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_finetuned_model_url_construction(self, vertex_location, stream):
+        """Test that fine-tuned models (numeric IDs) use endpoints/ path correctly."""
+        with patch(
+            "litellm.VertexGeminiConfig.get_model_for_vertex_ai_url",
+            side_effect=lambda model: model,
+        ):
+            url, endpoint = _get_vertex_url(
+                mode="chat",
+                model="1234567890",  # Numeric model ID
+                stream=stream,
+                vertex_project="test-project",
+                vertex_location=vertex_location,
+                vertex_api_version="v1",
+            )
+
+        # Should use endpoints/ path instead of publishers/google/models/
+        assert "/endpoints/1234567890:" in url
+        assert "/publishers/google/models/" not in url
+
+        # Check base URL is correct
+        if vertex_location == "global":
+            assert url.startswith("https://aiplatform.googleapis.com")
+        else:
+            assert url.startswith(f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com")
+
+
+class TestEmbeddingURLs:
+    """Test embedding endpoint URL construction with global location."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "vertex_location, model, expected_url_pattern",
+        [
+            # Regional, regular model
+            (
+                "us-central1",
+                "text-embedding-004",
+                "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/us-central1/publishers/google/models/text-embedding-004:predict",
+            ),
+            # Global, regular model
+            (
+                "global",
+                "text-embedding-004",
+                "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/global/publishers/google/models/text-embedding-004:predict",
+            ),
+            # Regional, numeric endpoint
+            (
+                "us-central1",
+                "1234567890",
+                "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/us-central1/endpoints/1234567890:predict",
+            ),
+            # Global, numeric endpoint
+            (
+                "global",
+                "1234567890",
+                "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/global/endpoints/1234567890:predict",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_embedding_url_construction(
+        self, vertex_location, model, expected_url_pattern
+    ):
+        """Test that embedding URLs are correctly constructed for regional and global locations."""
+        url, endpoint = _get_embedding_url(
+            model=model,
+            vertex_project="test-project",
+            vertex_location=vertex_location,
+            vertex_api_version="v1",
+        )
+
+        assert url == expected_url_pattern
+        assert endpoint == "predict"
+
+        # Verify base URL format
+        if vertex_location == "global":
+            assert url.startswith("https://aiplatform.googleapis.com")
+            assert "-aiplatform.googleapis.com" not in url
+        else:
+            assert url.startswith(f"https://{vertex_location}-aiplatform.googleapis.com")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "vertex_location",
+        ["us-central1", "europe-west1", "global"],
+    )
+    def test_embedding_url_with_routing_prefix(self, vertex_location):
+        """Test that routing prefixes (bge/, gemma/, etc.) are stripped from URLs."""
+        url, endpoint = _get_embedding_url(
+            model="bge/1234567890",  # Model with routing prefix
+            vertex_project="test-project",
+            vertex_location=vertex_location,
+            vertex_api_version="v1",
+        )
+
+        # Routing prefix should be stripped
+        assert "bge/" not in url
+        assert "/endpoints/1234567890:" in url
+
+
+class TestCountTokensURLs:
+    """Test count_tokens endpoint URL construction with global location."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "vertex_location, expected_url_pattern",
+        [
+            (
+                "us-central1",
+                "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/us-central1/publishers/google/models/gemini-1.5-pro:countTokens",
+            ),
+            (
+                "global",
+                "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/global/publishers/google/models/gemini-1.5-pro:countTokens",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_count_tokens_url_construction(self, vertex_location, expected_url_pattern):
+        """Test that count_tokens URLs are correctly constructed for regional and global locations."""
+        with patch(
+            "litellm.VertexGeminiConfig.get_model_for_vertex_ai_url",
+            side_effect=lambda model: model,
+        ):
+            url, endpoint = _get_vertex_url(
+                mode="count_tokens",
+                model="gemini-1.5-pro",
+                stream=None,
+                vertex_project="test-project",
+                vertex_location=vertex_location,
+                vertex_api_version="v1",
+            )
+
+        assert url == expected_url_pattern
+        assert endpoint == "countTokens"
+
+
+class TestImageGenerationURLs:
+    """Test image_generation endpoint URL construction with global location."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "vertex_location, model, expected_url_pattern",
+        [
+            # Regional, regular model
+            (
+                "us-central1",
+                "imagen-3.0-generate-001",
+                "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/us-central1/publishers/google/models/imagen-3.0-generate-001:predict",
+            ),
+            # Global, regular model
+            (
+                "global",
+                "imagen-3.0-generate-001",
+                "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/global/publishers/google/models/imagen-3.0-generate-001:predict",
+            ),
+            # Regional, numeric endpoint
+            (
+                "us-central1",
+                "9876543210",
+                "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/us-central1/endpoints/9876543210:predict",
+            ),
+            # Global, numeric endpoint
+            (
+                "global",
+                "9876543210",
+                "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/test-project/locations/global/endpoints/9876543210:predict",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_image_generation_url_construction(
+        self, vertex_location, model, expected_url_pattern
+    ):
+        """Test that image_generation URLs are correctly constructed for regional and global locations."""
+        with patch(
+            "litellm.VertexGeminiConfig.get_model_for_vertex_ai_url",
+            side_effect=lambda model: model,
+        ):
+            url, endpoint = _get_vertex_url(
+                mode="image_generation",
+                model=model,
+                stream=None,
+                vertex_project="test-project",
+                vertex_location=vertex_location,
+                vertex_api_version="v1",
+            )
+
+        assert url == expected_url_pattern
+        assert endpoint == "predict"
+
+
+class TestAPIVersions:
+    """Test that both v1 and v1beta1 API versions work with global location."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "api_version, vertex_location",
+        [
+            ("v1", "us-central1"),
+            ("v1", "global"),
+            ("v1beta1", "us-central1"),
+            ("v1beta1", "global"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_api_versions_in_urls(self, api_version, vertex_location):
+        """Test that API version is correctly included in URLs for all locations."""
+        with patch(
+            "litellm.VertexGeminiConfig.get_model_for_vertex_ai_url",
+            side_effect=lambda model: model,
+        ):
+            url, _ = _get_vertex_url(
+                mode="chat",
+                model="gemini-1.5-pro",
+                stream=False,
+                vertex_project="test-project",
+                vertex_location=vertex_location,
+                vertex_api_version=api_version,
+            )
+
+        # API version should be in the URL
+        assert f"/{api_version}/" in url
+
+
+class TestEdgeCases:
+    """Test edge cases and special scenarios."""
+
+    def test_global_location_no_region_prefix(self):
+        """Ensure global URLs never have a region prefix."""
+        base_url = get_vertex_base_url("global")
+        assert base_url == "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+        assert "global-aiplatform" not in base_url
+        assert "-aiplatform.googleapis.com" not in base_url
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "mode",
+        ["chat", "embedding", "count_tokens", "image_generation"],
+    )
+    def test_all_modes_support_global(self, mode):
+        """Test that all URL modes support global location."""
+        with patch(
+            "litellm.VertexGeminiConfig.get_model_for_vertex_ai_url",
+            side_effect=lambda model: model,
+        ):
+            if mode == "embedding":
+                url, _ = _get_embedding_url(
+                    model="text-embedding-004",
+                    vertex_project="test-project",
+                    vertex_location="global",
+                    vertex_api_version="v1",
+                )
+            else:
+                url, _ = _get_vertex_url(
+                    mode=mode,
+                    model="gemini-1.5-pro",
+                    stream=False,
+                    vertex_project="test-project",
+                    vertex_location="global",
+                    vertex_api_version="v1",
+                )
+
+        # All URLs should use global format
+        assert url.startswith("https://aiplatform.googleapis.com")
+        assert "/locations/global/" in url
+
+    def test_location_in_path_matches_parameter(self):
+        """Ensure the location in the URL path matches the vertex_location parameter."""
+        test_locations = ["us-central1", "europe-west1", "global"]
+
+        for location in test_locations:
+            with patch(
+                "litellm.VertexGeminiConfig.get_model_for_vertex_ai_url",
+                side_effect=lambda model: model,
+            ):
+                url, _ = _get_vertex_url(
+                    mode="chat",
+                    model="gemini-1.5-pro",
+                    stream=False,
+                    vertex_project="test-project",
+                    vertex_location=location,
+                    vertex_api_version="v1",
+                )
+
+            # Location should appear in the path
+            assert f"/locations/{location}/" in url
+
+
+class TestBackwardCompatibility:
+    """Ensure changes don't break existing functionality."""
+
+    def test_regional_urls_unchanged(self):
+        """Test that regional URL construction hasn't changed."""
+        with patch(
+            "litellm.VertexGeminiConfig.get_model_for_vertex_ai_url",
+            side_effect=lambda model: model,
+        ):
+            url, _ = _get_vertex_url(
+                mode="chat",
+                model="gemini-1.5-pro",
+                stream=False,
+                vertex_project="my-project",
+                vertex_location="us-central1",
+                vertex_api_version="v1",
+            )
+
+        # Should match the traditional regional format
+        assert (
+            url
+            == "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/my-project/locations/us-central1/publishers/google/models/gemini-1.5-pro:generateContent"
+        )
+
+    def test_streaming_urls_unchanged(self):
+        """Test that streaming URL construction hasn't changed."""
+        with patch(
+            "litellm.VertexGeminiConfig.get_model_for_vertex_ai_url",
+            side_effect=lambda model: model,
+        ):
+            url, _ = _get_vertex_url(
+                mode="chat",
+                model="gemini-1.5-pro",
+                stream=True,
+                vertex_project="my-project",
+                vertex_location="us-central1",
+                vertex_api_version="v1",
+            )
+
+        # Should include streaming endpoint and alt=sse
+        assert ":streamGenerateContent?alt=sse" in url
+