diff --git a/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/outbound_credentials/oauth_token_store.py b/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/outbound_credentials/oauth_token_store.py
index 656ffff5c47..e909c99685f 100644
--- a/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/outbound_credentials/oauth_token_store.py
+++ b/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/outbound_credentials/oauth_token_store.py
@@ -71,9 +71,15 @@ class TokenRefresher(Protocol):
     ``client_credentials`` grant, or an RFC 8693 re-exchange. Returns ``None`` when it cannot
     refresh (e.g. no ``refresh_token``), which the caller turns into a 401 challenge. It must
     persist the new token so later requests (and the surrounding cache) read it without refreshing.
+
+    ``server_id`` selects the upstream's config (token endpoint, client credentials, scopes) the
+    grant runs against; ``(user_id, server_id)`` is the key the new token is persisted under. They
+    are not derivable from ``token``, so the seam threads them alongside it.
     """
 
-    async def refresh(self, token: OAuthToken) -> OAuthToken | None: ...
+    async def refresh(
+        self, user_id: str, server_id: str, token: OAuthToken
+    ) -> OAuthToken | None: ...
 
 
 class CachedOAuthTokenStore:
@@ -190,7 +196,9 @@ class RefreshingTokenStore:
             # result (or exception). The done-callback removes the entry, so the map self-cleans and
             # is bounded by in-flight refreshes, not by the number of distinct users/servers. The
             # task is detached from the caller, so a cancelled caller does not abort the refresh.
-            task = asyncio.ensure_future(self._refresher.refresh(token))
+            task = asyncio.ensure_future(
+                self._refresher.refresh(user_id, server_id, token)
+            )
             self._inflight[key] = task
             task.add_done_callback(lambda _t, k=key: self._inflight.pop(k, None))
         return await task
diff --git a/tests/test_litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/outbound_credentials/test_oauth_token_store.py b/tests/test_litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/outbound_credentials/test_oauth_token_store.py
index c54a027f340..eb7c31e8dc6 100644
--- a/tests/test_litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/outbound_credentials/test_oauth_token_store.py
+++ b/tests/test_litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/outbound_credentials/test_oauth_token_store.py
@@ -176,13 +176,17 @@ class _RefreshablePair:
         self._current = initial
         self.fetch_calls = 0
         self.refresh_calls = 0
+        self.refresh_args: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
 
     async def fetch(self, user_id: str, server_id: str) -> Optional[OAuthToken]:
         self.fetch_calls += 1
         return self._current
 
-    async def refresh(self, token: OAuthToken) -> Optional[OAuthToken]:
+    async def refresh(
+        self, user_id: str, server_id: str, token: OAuthToken
+    ) -> Optional[OAuthToken]:
         self.refresh_calls += 1
+        self.refresh_args.append((user_id, server_id))
         await asyncio.sleep(
             0
         )  # yield so other concurrent callers reach the lock and wait
@@ -210,6 +214,9 @@ async def test_refreshing_mints_a_fresh_token_when_expired():
     token = await store.fetch("u", "s")
     assert token is not None and token.access_token == "refreshed"
     assert pair.refresh_calls == 1
+    assert pair.refresh_args == [
+        ("u", "s")
+    ]  # the seam threads the grant/persist key through
 
 
 async def test_refreshing_returns_none_when_it_cannot_refresh():
@@ -217,7 +224,9 @@ async def test_refreshing_returns_none_when_it_cannot_refresh():
         async def fetch(self, user_id: str, server_id: str) -> Optional[OAuthToken]:
             return OAuthToken(access_token="old", expires_at=900.0)
 
-        async def refresh(self, token: OAuthToken) -> Optional[OAuthToken]:
+        async def refresh(
+            self, user_id: str, server_id: str, token: OAuthToken
+        ) -> Optional[OAuthToken]:
             return None  # e.g. no refresh_token
 
     src = _NoRefresh()
@@ -245,7 +254,9 @@ async def test_refresh_failure_is_shared_by_joiners_not_re_run():
         async def fetch(self, user_id: str, server_id: str) -> Optional[OAuthToken]:
             return OAuthToken(access_token="old", expires_at=900.0)
 
-        async def refresh(self, token: OAuthToken) -> Optional[OAuthToken]:
+        async def refresh(
+            self, user_id: str, server_id: str, token: OAuthToken
+        ) -> Optional[OAuthToken]:
             self.calls += 1
             await asyncio.sleep(0)  # let the concurrent callers join the same task
             raise RuntimeError("refresh boom")