diff --git a/.circleci/config.yml b/.circleci/config.yml
index 7276da9877b..afed7853ac6 100644
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@@ -486,6 +486,7 @@ jobs:
       - install_rust
       - run:
           name: Build the wheel
+          no_output_timeout: 30m
           environment:
             UV_HTTP_TIMEOUT: "300"
           command: |
diff --git a/.circleci/scripts/run_integration.sh b/.circleci/scripts/run_integration.sh
index 47ad2274e2f..26240487c48 100644
--- a/.circleci/scripts/run_integration.sh
+++ b/.circleci/scripts/run_integration.sh
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ start_proxy() {
     "${database_env[@]}" REDIS_HOST="$REDIS_HOST" REDIS_PORT="$REDIS_PORT" \
     INTEGRATION_UPSTREAM_URL="$INTEGRATION_UPSTREAM_URL" \
     LITELLM_MASTER_KEY="$LITELLM_MASTER_KEY" LITELLM_SALT_KEY="$LITELLM_SALT_KEY" LITELLM_UI_PATH="$LITELLM_UI_PATH" PROXY_BASE_URL="http://127.0.0.1:$port" \
+    LITELLM_LICENSE="${LITELLM_LICENSE:-}" \
     LITELLM_MODE=PRODUCTION STORE_MODEL_IN_DB=True "${cost_map_env[@]}" \
     AWS_EC2_METADATA_DISABLED=true DO_NOT_TRACK=1 COVERAGE_FILE="$coverage_data" \
     "${proxy_command[@]}" --config tests/integration/proxy_config.yaml \
@@ -228,6 +229,7 @@ env -i PATH="$PATH" HOME="$HOME" PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH" \
   INTEGRATION_UPSTREAM_URL="$INTEGRATION_UPSTREAM_URL" \
   INTEGRATION_WORKERS="${INTEGRATION_WORKERS:-1}" \
   INTEGRATION_MASTER_KEY="$INTEGRATION_MASTER_KEY" LITELLM_MODE=PRODUCTION \
+  LITELLM_LICENSE="${LITELLM_LICENSE:-}" \
   INTEGRATION_SEED="$INTEGRATION_SEED" \
   INTEGRATION_ORDER_SEED="$INTEGRATION_ORDER_SEED" \
   LITELLM_LOCAL_MODEL_COST_MAP=True AWS_EC2_METADATA_DISABLED=true DO_NOT_TRACK=1 \
diff --git a/.github/actions/cache-cargo-build/action.yml b/.github/actions/cache-cargo-build/action.yml
index 222fad637fb..57a7c586753 100644
--- a/.github/actions/cache-cargo-build/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/cache-cargo-build/action.yml
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
     - name: Restore the Cargo registry and target directory
+      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
       uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
       with:
         path: |
@@ -34,3 +35,15 @@ runs:
         key: ${{ runner.os }}-maturin-${{ inputs.profile }}-${{ hashFiles('litellm-rust/Cargo.lock') }}
         restore-keys: |
           ${{ runner.os }}-maturin-${{ inputs.profile }}-
+
+    - name: Restore the Cargo registry and target directory
+      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+      with:
+        path: |
+          ~/.cargo/registry
+          ~/.cargo/git
+          litellm-rust/target
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-maturin-${{ inputs.profile }}-${{ hashFiles('litellm-rust/Cargo.lock') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ runner.os }}-maturin-${{ inputs.profile }}-
diff --git a/.github/actions/cache-prisma-binaries/action.yml b/.github/actions/cache-prisma-binaries/action.yml
index 68615e94c08..67390bd779a 100644
--- a/.github/actions/cache-prisma-binaries/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/cache-prisma-binaries/action.yml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ runs:
         echo "version=${version}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
     - name: Restore Prisma binaries
+      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
       uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
       with:
         # ~/.cache/prisma-python holds the npm install tree prisma-client-py
@@ -38,3 +39,12 @@ runs:
           ~/.cache/prisma-python
           ~/.cache/prisma
         key: ${{ runner.os }}-prisma-binaries-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+
+    - name: Restore Prisma binaries
+      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+      with:
+        path: |
+          ~/.cache/prisma-python
+          ~/.cache/prisma
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-prisma-binaries-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
diff --git a/.github/actions/cache-uv-downloads/action.yml b/.github/actions/cache-uv-downloads/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..171437a93ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/cache-uv-downloads/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: "Cache uv downloads"
+description: >-
+  Restore the uv download cache on every run and save it only from main, so pull
+  requests reuse main's cache instead of evicting it with their own copies.
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Restore and save the uv download cache
+      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
+      uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+      with:
+        path: ${{ env.UV_CACHE_DIR }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ env.UV_PYTHON }}-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ env.UV_PYTHON }}-
+
+    - name: Restore the uv download cache
+      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+      with:
+        path: ${{ env.UV_CACHE_DIR }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ env.UV_PYTHON }}-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ env.UV_PYTHON }}-
diff --git a/.github/actions/setup-uv-with-retries/action.yml b/.github/actions/setup-uv-with-retries/action.yml
index 98ff91f0283..a99716f5eac 100644
--- a/.github/actions/setup-uv-with-retries/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/setup-uv-with-retries/action.yml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ runs:
       uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
       with:
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
+        save-cache: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
 
     - name: Wait before attempt 2
       if: steps.attempt-1.outcome == 'failure'
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ runs:
       uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
       with:
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
+        save-cache: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
 
     - name: Wait before attempt 3
       if: steps.attempt-2.outcome == 'failure'
@@ -41,3 +43,4 @@ runs:
       uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
       with:
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
+        save-cache: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/_test-unit-base.yml b/.github/workflows/_test-unit-base.yml
index fac0d766535..6d67bef44cb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/_test-unit-base.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/_test-unit-base.yml
@@ -132,12 +132,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cache uv dependencies
         if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
         timeout-minutes: 5
-        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.UV_CACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ env.UV_PYTHON }}-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ env.UV_PYTHON }}-
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-uv-downloads
 
       - name: Cache the Rust build
         if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
@@ -274,7 +269,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload to Codecov
         id: codecov-upload
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@75cd11691c0faa626561e295848008c8a7dddffe # v5.5.4
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@0fb7174895f61a3b6b78fc075e0cd60383518dac # v5.5.5
         with:
           use_oidc: true
           directory: coverage-reports
@@ -285,7 +280,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload to Codecov (retry)
         if: steps.codecov-upload.outcome == 'failure'
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@75cd11691c0faa626561e295848008c8a7dddffe # v5.5.4
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@0fb7174895f61a3b6b78fc075e0cd60383518dac # v5.5.5
         with:
           use_oidc: true
           directory: coverage-reports
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mutation-test.yml b/.github/workflows/mutation-test.yml
index b7d28bcaae4..be271538bdf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mutation-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mutation-test.yml
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           version: "0.10.9"
 
       - name: Cache uv dependencies
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
         uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: |
@@ -53,6 +54,17 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-uv-
 
+      - name: Cache uv dependencies
+        if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cache/uv
+            .venv
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-uv-
+
       - name: Cache the Rust build
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-cargo-build
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-code-quality.yml b/.github/workflows/test-code-quality.yml
index b4c01865583..004de9c759b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-code-quality.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-code-quality.yml
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           version: "0.10.9"
 
       - name: Cache uv dependencies
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
         uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: |
@@ -53,6 +54,17 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-uv-
 
+      - name: Cache uv dependencies
+        if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cache/uv
+            .venv
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-uv-
+
       - name: Cache the Rust build
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-cargo-build
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-postgres.yml b/.github/workflows/test-postgres.yml
index ccdf6ef3558..519d387976e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-postgres.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-postgres.yml
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
           version: "0.10.9"
 
       - name: Cache uv dependencies
-        if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
+        if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
         timeout-minutes: 5
         uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
@@ -106,6 +106,18 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-uv-postgres-
 
+      - name: Cache uv dependencies
+        if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
+        timeout-minutes: 5
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cache/uv
+            .venv
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-postgres-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-uv-postgres-
+
       - name: Install dependencies
         if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
         timeout-minutes: 12
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-redis-compat.yml b/.github/workflows/test-redis-compat.yml
index 0423b014ec5..d6cfacccace 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-redis-compat.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-redis-compat.yml
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Redis coverage
         if: matrix.redis-version == '5.3.1'
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@75cd11691c0faa626561e295848008c8a7dddffe # v5.5.4
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@0fb7174895f61a3b6b78fc075e0cd60383518dac # v5.5.5
         with:
           use_oidc: true
           files: coverage-redis.xml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-rust.yml b/.github/workflows/test-rust.yml
index 2d399cca3a4..b0935263d28 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-rust.yml
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           workspaces: litellm-rust
           cache-on-failure: true
+          save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
 
       - run: cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets --locked -- -D warnings
 
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           workspaces: litellm-rust
           cache-on-failure: true
+          save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
 
       - run: cargo nextest run --workspace --locked
 
@@ -162,6 +164,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           workspaces: litellm-rust
           cache-on-failure: true
+          save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
 
       - run: uv build --wheel --out-dir dist
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-terraform-provider.yml b/.github/workflows/test-terraform-provider.yml
index be7fd1e61dc..ff9db13bd25 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-terraform-provider.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-terraform-provider.yml
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ jobs:
           version: "0.10.9"
 
       - name: Cache uv dependencies
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
         uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: |
@@ -86,6 +87,17 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-uv-
 
+      - name: Cache uv dependencies
+        if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cache/uv
+            .venv
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-uv-
+
       - name: Cache the Rust build
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-cargo-build
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-unit-documentation.yml b/.github/workflows/test-unit-documentation.yml
index 660c7689e2b..b042e182802 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-unit-documentation.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-unit-documentation.yml
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
           version: "0.10.9"
 
       - name: Cache uv dependencies
-        if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
+        if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
         uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: |
@@ -64,6 +64,17 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-uv-
 
+      - name: Cache uv dependencies
+        if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cache/uv
+            .venv
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-uv-
+
       - name: Cache the Rust build
         if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-cargo-build
diff --git a/tests/e2e/llm_translation/test_together_ai_e2e.py b/tests/e2e/llm_translation/test_together_ai_e2e.py
index 8dd7e7c1a31..874c6d77d19 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/llm_translation/test_together_ai_e2e.py
+++ b/tests/e2e/llm_translation/test_together_ai_e2e.py
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 """Live e2e: Together AI through the gateway on /chat/completions and /v1/messages.
 
 The reasoning and tool-calling backend is the cheapest live ``together_ai/`` chat row
-in the proxy's own cost map that carries both capability flags; the structured-output
-and cache-pricing backends are likewise the cheapest rows carrying
-``supports_response_schema`` and a ``cache_read_input_token_cost``. Two backends are
-pinned because the registry has no flag for what they prove: ``enable_thinking`` and
-the ``{"reasoning": {"enabled": false}}`` toggle that ``reasoning_effort="none"`` maps
-to are Qwen hybrid-model contracts, and MiniMax-M3 is the serverless model whose
+in the proxy's own cost map that carries both capability flags; the cache-pricing
+backend is likewise the cheapest row carrying a ``cache_read_input_token_cost``. Two
+backends are pinned because the registry has no flag for what they prove: ``enable_thinking``
+and the ``{"reasoning": {"enabled": false}}`` toggle that ``reasoning_effort="none"`` maps
+to are Qwen hybrid-model contracts, and the structured-output case runs on that hybrid
+model with reasoning off, since a reasoning-only model can spend the whole token budget
+thinking and return no content. MiniMax-M3 is the serverless model whose
 template renders a replayed ``reasoning_content`` back into the prompt (Qwen and
 DeepSeek silently drop it). MiniMax-M3 honors that replayed field on nearly every call, not
 every call (one miss in dozens of otherwise identical calls), so the replay case asks
@@ -109,7 +110,6 @@ MESSAGES_WEATHER_TOOL = AnthropicCustomTool(
 class _Needs:
     function_calling: bool = False
     reasoning: bool = False
-    response_schema: bool = False
     cache_read_pricing: bool = False
 
 
@@ -172,7 +172,6 @@ def _cheapest_together_chat_model(registry: Mapping[str, CostMapEntry], needs: _
             and (entry.output_cost_per_token or 0.0) > 0
             and (not needs.function_calling or bool(entry.supports_function_calling))
             and (not needs.reasoning or bool(entry.supports_reasoning))
-            and (not needs.response_schema or bool(entry.supports_response_schema))
             and (not needs.cache_read_pricing or (entry.cache_read_input_token_cost or 0.0) > 0)
         )
 
@@ -586,10 +585,9 @@ class TestTogetherChatCompletions:
 
     @pytest.mark.covers("llm.chat_completions.together_ai.structured_output.nonstream.works")
     def test_response_format_json_schema_shapes_the_reply(
-        self, client: PassthroughClient, resources: ResourceManager, registry: dict[str, CostMapEntry]
+        self, client: PassthroughClient, resources: ResourceManager
     ) -> None:
-        backend = _cheapest_together_chat_model(registry, _Needs(response_schema=True))
-        model, key = _register(client, resources, backend)
+        model, key = _register(client, resources, HYBRID_REASONING_BACKEND)
 
         message = _message(
             unwrap(
@@ -599,12 +597,13 @@ class TestTogetherChatCompletions:
                         model=model,
                         messages=[ChatMessage(role="user", content=PERSON_PROMPT)],
                         max_tokens=1024,
+                        reasoning_effort="none",
                         response_format=PERSON_RESPONSE_FORMAT,
                     ),
                 )
             )
         )
-        assert message.content, f"{backend} returned no content: {message}"
+        assert message.content, f"{HYBRID_REASONING_BACKEND} returned no content: {message}"
         person = _Person.model_validate_json(message.content)
         assert person.name, f"schema-shaped reply carries an empty name: {message.content!r}"
 
diff --git a/tests/e2e/quota_management/spend_tracking/test_service_tier_pricing_e2e.py b/tests/e2e/quota_management/spend_tracking/test_service_tier_pricing_e2e.py
index 0e3a03360c6..76d80b1aab8 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/quota_management/spend_tracking/test_service_tier_pricing_e2e.py
+++ b/tests/e2e/quota_management/spend_tracking/test_service_tier_pricing_e2e.py
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ sets rather than on whatever the model happens to do by default.
 The streaming cases pin the served-tier contract: OpenAI stamps the tier it actually
 used on every stream chunk, and that echo is what the caller sees and what the bill
 must be computed on. The request sets no service_tier, so the only place the tier
-can come from is the provider's response. The spend row must record the served tier
-and price input at that tier's rate, and every chunk the proxy relays must carry the
-same service_tier the provider sent.
+can come from is the provider's response. The spend row must record the tier the bill
+was priced on and price input at that tier's rate, and every chunk the proxy relays must
+carry the same service_tier the provider sent. A served `default` tier is base pricing,
+which the bill records as no tier
 """
 
 import json
@@ -61,7 +62,8 @@ PRIORITY_OUTPUT_RATE = 1.6e-04
 
 REASONING_EFFORT = "high"
 
-TIER_INPUT_RATES = {"default": INPUT_RATE, "priority": PRIORITY_INPUT_RATE}
+PRICING_BASIS_FOR_SERVED_TIER: dict[str, str | None] = {"default": None, "priority": "priority"}
+INPUT_RATE_FOR_PRICING_BASIS: dict[str | None, float] = {None: INPUT_RATE, "priority": PRIORITY_INPUT_RATE}
 
 
 class _StreamChunk(BaseModel):
@@ -213,17 +215,20 @@ class TestServiceTierPricing:
         )
         chunks = _stream_chunks(result.stream_events)
         served_tier = _served_tier(chunks)
-        assert served_tier in TIER_INPUT_RATES, f"no custom rate registered for served tier {served_tier!r}"
+        assert served_tier in PRICING_BASIS_FOR_SERVED_TIER, (
+            f"no custom rate registered for served tier {served_tier!r}"
+        )
+        pricing_basis = PRICING_BASIS_FOR_SERVED_TIER[served_tier]
         stream_id = chunks[0].id
         assert stream_id, f"first stream chunk carried no id: {result.stream_events[0][:200]}"
 
         row = poll_cost_row(client.proxy, stream_id)
         assert row is not None, f"no spend row with a cost breakdown landed for {stream_id}"
-        assert row.breakdown.service_tier == served_tier, (
-            f"the provider served tier {served_tier!r} on every chunk but the bill records "
-            f"pricing basis {row.breakdown.service_tier!r}"
+        assert row.breakdown.service_tier == pricing_basis, (
+            f"the provider served tier {served_tier!r} on every chunk, so the bill should record pricing "
+            f"basis {pricing_basis!r}, but it records {row.breakdown.service_tier!r}"
         )
-        assert_fresh_tokens_billed_at(row, TIER_INPUT_RATES[served_tier])
+        assert_fresh_tokens_billed_at(row, INPUT_RATE_FOR_PRICING_BASIS[pricing_basis])
         assert_total_is_sum_of_components(row)
 
     @pytest.mark.covers("llm.chat_completions.openai.service_tier.stream.echoes_served_tier")
@@ -264,7 +269,14 @@ class TestServiceTierPricing:
             client.proxy,
             resources,
             "tier-responses-stream",
-            LiteLLMParamsBody(model=STREAM_BACKEND, api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY),
+            LiteLLMParamsBody(
+                model=STREAM_BACKEND,
+                api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY,
+                input_cost_per_token=INPUT_RATE,
+                output_cost_per_token=OUTPUT_RATE,
+                input_cost_per_token_priority=PRIORITY_INPUT_RATE,
+                output_cost_per_token_priority=PRIORITY_OUTPUT_RATE,
+            ),
         )
 
         result = client.proxy.responses_stream(
@@ -282,14 +294,18 @@ class TestServiceTierPricing:
         )
         served_tier = completed.response.service_tier
         assert served_tier, f"response.completed carried no service_tier: {completed.response}"
-        assert served_tier in TIER_INPUT_RATES, f"no custom rate registered for served tier {served_tier!r}"
+        assert served_tier in PRICING_BASIS_FOR_SERVED_TIER, (
+            f"no custom rate registered for served tier {served_tier!r}"
+        )
+        pricing_basis = PRICING_BASIS_FOR_SERVED_TIER[served_tier]
 
         row = poll_cost_row_where(client.proxy, scoped_key, lambda r: r.spend is not None and r.spend > 0)
         assert row is not None, f"no spend row with a cost breakdown landed for the streamed responses call on {model}"
-        assert row.breakdown.service_tier == served_tier, (
-            f"response.completed served tier {served_tier!r} but the bill records "
-            f"pricing basis {row.breakdown.service_tier!r}"
+        assert row.breakdown.service_tier == pricing_basis, (
+            f"response.completed served tier {served_tier!r}, so the bill should record pricing basis "
+            f"{pricing_basis!r}, but it records {row.breakdown.service_tier!r}"
         )
+        assert_fresh_tokens_billed_at(row, INPUT_RATE_FOR_PRICING_BASIS[pricing_basis])
 
     @pytest.mark.covers("quota_management.spend_tracking.service_tier_stream.messages_records_served_tier")
     def test_messages_stream_records_the_served_tier(
@@ -299,7 +315,14 @@ class TestServiceTierPricing:
             client.proxy,
             resources,
             "tier-messages-stream",
-            LiteLLMParamsBody(model=STREAM_BACKEND, api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY),
+            LiteLLMParamsBody(
+                model=STREAM_BACKEND,
+                api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY,
+                input_cost_per_token=INPUT_RATE,
+                output_cost_per_token=OUTPUT_RATE,
+                input_cost_per_token_priority=PRIORITY_INPUT_RATE,
+                output_cost_per_token_priority=PRIORITY_OUTPUT_RATE,
+            ),
         )
 
         result = client.proxy.messages_stream(
@@ -322,8 +345,9 @@ class TestServiceTierPricing:
 
         row = poll_cost_row_where(client.proxy, scoped_key, lambda r: r.spend is not None and r.spend > 0)
         assert row is not None, f"no spend row with a cost breakdown landed for the streamed messages call on {model}"
-        served_tier = row.breakdown.service_tier
-        assert served_tier in TIER_INPUT_RATES and served_tier is not None, (
+        pricing_basis = row.breakdown.service_tier
+        assert pricing_basis in INPUT_RATE_FOR_PRICING_BASIS, (
             "the anthropic wire format carries no service_tier, so the bill is the only record of "
-            f"the tier OpenAI served; the row recorded pricing basis {served_tier!r}"
+            f"the tier OpenAI served; the row recorded pricing basis {pricing_basis!r}"
         )
+        assert_fresh_tokens_billed_at(row, INPUT_RATE_FOR_PRICING_BASIS[pricing_basis])
diff --git a/tests/e2e/ui/tests/logs/logs.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/ui/tests/logs/logs.spec.ts
index 3908d79b29a..60b547ccda0 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/ui/tests/logs/logs.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/ui/tests/logs/logs.spec.ts
@@ -111,7 +111,15 @@ test.describe("Logs page", () => {
     await dismissFeedbackPopup(page);
     const search = visibleTestId(page, "datatable-search");
     await expect(search).toBeVisible({ timeout: 20_000 });
+    const searched = page.waitForResponse(
+      (response) =>
+        response.url().includes("/spend/logs/ui") &&
+        new URL(response.url()).searchParams.get("search") === callId &&
+        response.status() === 200,
+      { timeout: 20_000 },
+    );
     await search.fill(callId);
+    await searched;
 
     const row = requestLogsRows(page).filter({ hasText: requestId });
     await expect(row, `no logs row for call id ${callId}`).toHaveCount(1, { timeout: 30_000 });
diff --git a/tests/e2e/ui/tests/tagManagement/tagManagement.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/ui/tests/tagManagement/tagManagement.spec.ts
index fe659080eab..88bfb4528e0 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/ui/tests/tagManagement/tagManagement.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/ui/tests/tagManagement/tagManagement.spec.ts
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@ test.describe("Tag management", () => {
       async () => {
         await navigateToPage(page, DashboardPage.TagManagement);
         await page.getByRole("button", { name: "+ Create New Tag" }).click();
-        await expect(
-          page.getByRole("dialog", { name: "Create New Tag" }),
-        ).toBeVisible();
-        await page.getByLabel("Tag Name").fill(tagName);
-        await page.getByLabel("Description").fill(description);
+        const createDialog = page.getByRole("dialog", { name: "Create New Tag" });
+        await expect(createDialog).toBeVisible();
+        await createDialog.getByLabel("Tag Name").fill(tagName);
+        await createDialog.getByLabel("Description").fill(description);
         await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Create Tag" }).click();
 
         await expect
diff --git a/tests/integration/_support/client.py b/tests/integration/_support/client.py
index fc5fc0b128d..a57792255ab 100644
--- a/tests/integration/_support/client.py
+++ b/tests/integration/_support/client.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from pydantic import JsonValue, TypeAdapter
 from tests.integration._support.database import read_rows
 
 JSON_OBJECT: Final = TypeAdapter(dict[str, JsonValue])
+GATEWAY_LIMITS: Final = httpx.Limits(keepalive_expiry=2)
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
 
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ class Scenario:
 def gateway_from_environment() -> Iterator[Gateway]:
     url: Final = os.environ["INTEGRATION_PROXY_URL"]
     upstream: Final = os.environ["INTEGRATION_UPSTREAM_URL"]
-    with httpx.Client(base_url=url, timeout=15, trust_env=False) as client:
+    with httpx.Client(base_url=url, timeout=15, trust_env=False, limits=GATEWAY_LIMITS) as client:
         yield Gateway(client, os.environ["INTEGRATION_MASTER_KEY"], upstream)
 
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/_support/database_relay.py b/tests/integration/_support/database_relay.py
index 46f3e17af13..bb0243226a8 100644
--- a/tests/integration/_support/database_relay.py
+++ b/tests/integration/_support/database_relay.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import socket
 import threading
+import time
 from collections.abc import Generator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import Final
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ from urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
 from pydantic import TypeAdapter
 
 PORT: Final = TypeAdapter(int)
+OUTAGE_SECONDS: Final = 10.0
 
 
 def _free_port() -> int:
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ class DatabaseRelay:
         self._armed: Final = threading.Event()
         self.tripped: Final = threading.Event()
         self.refused = 0
+        self._tripped_at = 0.0
         self._writers: tuple[asyncio.StreamWriter, ...] = ()
         self._ready: Final = threading.Event()
         self._thread: Final = threading.Thread(target=self._run, daemon=True)
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ class DatabaseRelay:
         self._writers = ()
 
     async def _serve(self, client_reader: asyncio.StreamReader, client_writer: asyncio.StreamWriter) -> None:
-        if self.tripped.is_set() and self.refused < 5:
+        if self.tripped.is_set() and time.monotonic() - self._tripped_at < OUTAGE_SECONDS:
             self.refused += 1
             client_writer.close()
             return
@@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ class DatabaseRelay:
             try:
                 while chunk := await reader.read(65536):
                     if inspect and self._armed.is_set() and not self.tripped.is_set() and self._trigger in chunk:
+                        self._tripped_at = time.monotonic()
                         self.tripped.set()
                         self._drop_all()
                         return
diff --git a/tests/integration/_support/process.py b/tests/integration/_support/process.py
index fcbaf7c8d8c..b0941672be1 100644
--- a/tests/integration/_support/process.py
+++ b/tests/integration/_support/process.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from typing import Final
 
 import httpx
 import psutil
-from integration._support.client import Gateway
+from integration._support.client import GATEWAY_LIMITS, Gateway
 
 
 def proxy_database_environment() -> Mapping[str, str]:
@@ -80,6 +80,88 @@ def owned_proxy(
         yield owned.gateway
 
 
+def _stop(process: subprocess.Popen[bytes]) -> None:
+    root_stopped: Final = stop_root_process(process)
+    residual: Final = group_members(process.pid)
+    if residual:
+        signal_group(process.pid, signal.SIGTERM)
+        psutil.wait_procs(residual, timeout=5)
+    remaining: Final = group_members(process.pid)
+    if remaining:
+        signal_group(process.pid, signal.SIGKILL)
+        psutil.wait_procs(remaining, timeout=3)
+    process.wait(timeout=3)
+    survivors: Final = group_members(process.pid)
+    assert not survivors, "Owned proxy child survived cleanup"
+    assert root_stopped and not remaining, "Owned proxy required forced cleanup"
+
+
+_PORT_ATTEMPTS: Final = 3
+
+
+def _free_port() -> int:
+    with socket.socket() as reserve:
+        reserve.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+        return reserve.getsockname()[1]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class _Launch:
+    process: subprocess.Popen[bytes]
+    port: int
+    log: Path
+
+
+def _launch(command: tuple[str, ...], root: Path, environment: Mapping[str, str], output: Path) -> _Launch:
+    port: Final = _free_port()
+    log_path: Final = output / f"owned-proxy-{uuid.uuid4().hex}.log"
+    with log_path.open("w") as log:
+        process: Final = subprocess.Popen(
+            [*command, "--port", str(port)],
+            cwd=root,
+            env=environment,
+            stdout=log,
+            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+            start_new_session=True,
+        )
+    return _Launch(process, port, log_path)
+
+
+def _lost_port_race(launch: _Launch) -> bool:
+    return launch.process.poll() is not None and "address already in use" in launch.log.read_text()
+
+
+def _wait_until_ready(launch: _Launch) -> None:
+    with httpx.Client(base_url=f"http://127.0.0.1:{launch.port}", timeout=15, trust_env=False) as client:
+        deadline: Final = time.monotonic() + 70
+        while launch.process.poll() is None:
+            try:
+                if client.get("/health/readiness", timeout=2).status_code == 200:
+                    return
+            except httpx.TransportError:
+                pass
+            assert time.monotonic() < deadline, "Owned proxy readiness deadline exceeded"
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+
+
+def _launch_until_bound(
+    command: tuple[str, ...], root: Path, environment: Mapping[str, str], output: Path, attempts: int
+) -> _Launch:
+    launch: Final = _launch(command, root, environment, output)
+    try:
+        _wait_until_ready(launch)
+        assert launch.process.poll() is None or (attempts > 1 and _lost_port_race(launch)), (
+            "Owned proxy exited before readiness"
+        )
+    except BaseException:
+        _stop(launch.process)
+        raise
+    if launch.process.poll() is None:
+        return launch
+    _stop(launch.process)
+    return _launch_until_bound(command, root, environment, output, attempts - 1)
+
+
 @contextmanager
 def owned_proxy_process(
     gateway: Gateway,
@@ -90,9 +172,6 @@ def owned_proxy_process(
     remove_environment: tuple[str, ...] = (),
     workers: int = 1,
 ) -> Iterator[OwnedProxy]:
-    with socket.socket() as reserve:
-        reserve.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
-        port: Final = reserve.getsockname()[1]
     root: Final = Path(os.environ.get("INTEGRATION_PROXY_ROOT") or Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3])
     environment: Final = {
         **{
@@ -107,54 +186,25 @@ def owned_proxy_process(
     }
     output: Final = Path(os.environ.get("INTEGRATION_RESULTS_DIR", str(directory)))
     output.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    log_path: Final = output / f"owned-proxy-{uuid.uuid4().hex}.log"
-    with log_path.open("w") as log:
-        process: Final = subprocess.Popen(
-            [
-                sys.executable,
-                "-m",
-                "integration._support.proxy",
-                "--config",
-                str(config or "tests/integration/proxy_config.yaml"),
-                "--host",
-                "127.0.0.1",
-                "--port",
-                str(port),
-                "--num_workers",
-                str(workers),
-                "--use_prisma_db_push",
-                "--enforce_prisma_migration_check",
-            ],
-            cwd=root,
-            env=environment,
-            stdout=log,
-            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
-            start_new_session=True,
-        )
-        try:
-            with httpx.Client(base_url=f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}", timeout=15, trust_env=False) as client:
-                deadline: Final = time.monotonic() + 70
-                while True:
-                    assert process.poll() is None, "Owned proxy exited before readiness"
-                    try:
-                        if client.get("/health/readiness", timeout=2).status_code == 200:
-                            break
-                    except httpx.TransportError:
-                        pass
-                    assert time.monotonic() < deadline, "Owned proxy readiness deadline exceeded"
-                    time.sleep(0.1)
-                yield OwnedProxy(Gateway(client, gateway.key, gateway.upstream_url), process, log_path)
-        finally:
-            root_stopped: Final = stop_root_process(process)
-            residual: Final = group_members(process.pid)
-            if residual:
-                signal_group(process.pid, signal.SIGTERM)
-                psutil.wait_procs(residual, timeout=5)
-            remaining: Final = group_members(process.pid)
-            if remaining:
-                signal_group(process.pid, signal.SIGKILL)
-                psutil.wait_procs(remaining, timeout=3)
-            process.wait(timeout=3)
-            survivors: Final = group_members(process.pid)
-            assert not survivors, "Owned proxy child survived cleanup"
-            assert root_stopped and not remaining, "Owned proxy required forced cleanup"
+    command: Final = (
+        sys.executable,
+        "-m",
+        "integration._support.proxy",
+        "--config",
+        str(config or "tests/integration/proxy_config.yaml"),
+        "--host",
+        "127.0.0.1",
+        "--num_workers",
+        str(workers),
+        "--use_prisma_db_push",
+        "--enforce_prisma_migration_check",
+    )
+    launch: Final = _launch_until_bound(command, root, environment, output, _PORT_ATTEMPTS)
+    process: Final = launch.process
+    try:
+        with httpx.Client(
+            base_url=f"http://127.0.0.1:{launch.port}", timeout=15, trust_env=False, limits=GATEWAY_LIMITS
+        ) as client:
+            yield OwnedProxy(Gateway(client, gateway.key, gateway.upstream_url), process, launch.log)
+    finally:
+        _stop(process)
diff --git a/tests/integration/_support/proxy.py b/tests/integration/_support/proxy.py
index a444b93757d..610d4724349 100644
--- a/tests/integration/_support/proxy.py
+++ b/tests/integration/_support/proxy.py
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-"""Run the normal single-process CLI with the existing behavior-suite test entitlement."""
-
 import signal
 import sys
 from types import FrameType
-from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from litellm import run_server
 
@@ -14,10 +11,7 @@ def _exit_on_reraised_term(signum: int, frame: FrameType | None) -> None:
 
 def main() -> None:
     signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, _exit_on_reraised_term)
-    with patch(  # test-quality-ok: route entitlement only; license validation is outside these HTTP/DB contracts
-        "litellm.proxy.auth.litellm_license.LicenseCheck.is_premium", return_value=True
-    ):
-        run_server()
+    run_server()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/tests/integration/mcp/test_mcp_agent_365_guardrail.py b/tests/integration/mcp/test_mcp_agent_365_guardrail.py
index 5842d3ce4a7..ee746bf3dbf 100644
--- a/tests/integration/mcp/test_mcp_agent_365_guardrail.py
+++ b/tests/integration/mcp/test_mcp_agent_365_guardrail.py
@@ -30,8 +30,10 @@ from integration._support.wire import Reply, Request, wire_server
 TENANT: Final = "00000000-0000-4000-8000-0000000a3650"
 REJECTED: Final = "Agent 365 guardrail rejected the tool call"
 GUARDRAIL_ROWS: Final = (
-    "SELECT metadata->'guardrail_information' AS gi FROM \"LiteLLM_SpendLogs\" "
-    'WHERE api_key = %s AND call_type = %s ORDER BY "startTime"'
+    "SELECT COALESCE(jsonb_path_query_first(metadata, "
+    "'$.guardrail_information[*] ? (@.guardrail_name == $name).guardrail_status', "
+    "jsonb_build_object('name', %s::text)) #>> '{}', 'none') AS status "
+    'FROM "LiteLLM_SpendLogs" WHERE api_key = %s AND call_type = %s ORDER BY "startTime"'
 )
 FALLBACKS: Final = (None, "fail_open", "fail_closed")
 
@@ -95,11 +97,11 @@ class Rig:
 
     def guardrail_statuses(self, call_type: str, at_least: int) -> list[str]:
         rows: Final = eventually(
-            lambda: read_rows(GUARDRAIL_ROWS, (sha256(self.key.encode()).hexdigest(), call_type)),
+            lambda: read_rows(GUARDRAIL_ROWS, (self.alias, sha256(self.key.encode()).hexdigest(), call_type)),
             lambda seen: len(seen) >= at_least,
             seconds=70,
         )
-        return [row["gi"][0]["guardrail_status"] if row["gi"] else "none" for row in rows]
+        return [str(row["status"]) for row in rows]
 
 
 @contextmanager
diff --git a/tests/integration/providers/test_hosted_vllm_reasoning_content_wire.py b/tests/integration/providers/test_hosted_vllm_reasoning_content_wire.py
index 858ec1af242..0b9f24f538a 100644
--- a/tests/integration/providers/test_hosted_vllm_reasoning_content_wire.py
+++ b/tests/integration/providers/test_hosted_vllm_reasoning_content_wire.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import json
 import uuid
-from collections.abc import Sequence
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, Sequence
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import Final
 
 import openai
@@ -69,8 +70,27 @@ def _sent_messages(request: Request) -> list[dict[str, JsonValue]]:
     return _MESSAGES.validate_python(_JSON_OBJECT.validate_json(request.body)["messages"])
 
 
+_DISCOVERY_PROBE: Final = ("GET", "/v1/models")
+
+
+def _is_discovery_probe(request: Request) -> bool:
+    return (request.method, request.target) == _DISCOVERY_PROBE
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _vllm_server(respond: Callable[[Request], Reply]) -> Iterator[Wire]:
+    with wire_server(
+        lambda request: Reply(body=b'{"object":"list","data":[]}') if _is_discovery_probe(request) else respond(request)
+    ) as wire:
+        yield wire
+
+
+def _provider_calls(wire: Wire) -> tuple[Request, ...]:
+    return tuple(request for request in wire.drain() if not _is_discovery_probe(request))
+
+
 def _only_request(wire: Wire) -> Request:
-    received: Final = wire.drain()
+    received: Final = _provider_calls(wire)
     assert [(request.method, request.target) for request in received] == [("POST", "/v1/chat/completions")]
     return received[0]
 
@@ -139,7 +159,7 @@ def test_hosted_vllm_assistant_reasoning_content_reaches_the_wire(gateway: Gatew
         ], body["messages"]
         return Reply(body=_completion(identity, "The totals differ by 42."))
 
-    with wire_server(respond) as wire, gateway.scenario() as scenario:
+    with _vllm_server(respond) as wire, gateway.scenario() as scenario:
         model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
         response: Final = gateway.request(
             "POST",
@@ -167,13 +187,13 @@ def test_hosted_vllm_assistant_reasoning_content_reaches_the_wire(gateway: Gatew
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         payload: Final = _JSON_OBJECT.validate_json(response.content)
         assert payload["id"] == identity
-        assert [(request.method, request.target) for request in wire.drain()] == [("POST", "/v1/chat/completions")]
+        _only_request(wire)
 
 
 def test_openai_sdk_replayed_reasoning_reaches_hosted_vllm_and_is_billed_once(gateway: Gateway) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
     identity: Final = f"chatcmpl-sdk-{marker}"
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(identity, "They differ by 42."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(identity, "They differ by 42."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             completion: Final = _openai_client(gateway).chat.completions.create(
@@ -195,7 +215,7 @@ def test_openai_sdk_replayed_reasoning_reaches_hosted_vllm_and_is_billed_once(ga
 async def test_async_openai_sdk_stream_forwards_replayed_reasoning_to_hosted_vllm(gateway: Gateway) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
     identity: Final = f"chatcmpl-stream-{marker}"
-    with wire_server(lambda _: _streamed_completion(identity, "They differ by 42.")) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: _streamed_completion(identity, "They differ by 42.")) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             stream: Final = await _async_openai_client(gateway).chat.completions.create(
@@ -224,7 +244,7 @@ def test_each_replayed_turn_keeps_its_own_reasoning_in_order(gateway: Gateway) -
         {"role": "assistant", "content": "Step two.", "reasoning_content": f"second thought {marker}"},
         {"role": "user", "content": "Summarize."},
     ]
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             assert _post_chat(gateway, model, conversation)["id"] == f"chatcmpl-{marker}"
@@ -246,7 +266,7 @@ def test_only_string_reasoning_content_is_forwarded_to_hosted_vllm(
     gateway: Gateway, reasoning: JsonValue, forwarded: str | None
 ) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             assert _post_chat(gateway, model, _replayed_conversation(reasoning, marker))["id"] == f"chatcmpl-{marker}"
@@ -264,7 +284,7 @@ def test_assistant_turn_without_reasoning_gets_no_reasoning_key(gateway: Gateway
         {"role": "assistant", "content": "Hi there."},
         {"role": "user", "content": "Again"},
     ]
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Hello again."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Hello again."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             _post_chat(gateway, model, conversation)
@@ -281,7 +301,7 @@ def test_same_reasoning_on_two_turns_is_forwarded_on_both(gateway: Gateway) -> N
         {"role": "assistant", "content": "Second.", "reasoning_content": reasoning},
         {"role": "user", "content": "Three"},
     ]
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Third."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Third."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             _post_chat(gateway, model, conversation)
@@ -290,7 +310,7 @@ def test_same_reasoning_on_two_turns_is_forwarded_on_both(gateway: Gateway) -> N
 
 def test_thinking_blocks_are_stripped_while_reasoning_content_is_kept(gateway: Gateway) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             _post_chat(
@@ -316,7 +336,7 @@ def test_thinking_blocks_are_stripped_while_reasoning_content_is_kept(gateway: G
 
 def test_list_content_is_flattened_while_reasoning_content_is_kept(gateway: Gateway) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             _post_chat(
@@ -341,7 +361,7 @@ def test_list_content_is_flattened_while_reasoning_content_is_kept(gateway: Gate
 
 def test_unauthenticated_replay_is_rejected_before_hosted_vllm(gateway: Gateway) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-{marker}", "Done."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             response: Final = gateway.request(
@@ -351,7 +371,7 @@ def test_unauthenticated_replay_is_rejected_before_hosted_vllm(gateway: Gateway)
                 key=f"sk-not-a-key-{marker}",
             )
             assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
-            assert wire.drain() == ()
+            assert _provider_calls(wire) == ()
 
 
 def test_hosted_vllm_auth_error_reaches_the_caller_after_one_attempt_with_reasoning(gateway: Gateway) -> None:
@@ -361,7 +381,7 @@ def test_hosted_vllm_auth_error_reaches_the_caller_after_one_attempt_with_reason
         status=401,
         body=json.dumps({"error": {"message": error_message, "type": "authentication_error"}}).encode(),
     )
-    with wire_server(lambda _: reply) as wire, gateway.scenario() as scenario:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: reply) as wire, gateway.scenario() as scenario:
         model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
         response: Final = gateway.request(
             "POST",
@@ -381,7 +401,7 @@ def test_fallback_attempt_replays_reasoning_to_the_second_deployment(gateway: Ga
             return Reply(status=500, body=b'{"error": {"message": "primary deployment is down"}}')
         return Reply(body=_completion(f"chatcmpl-fallback-{marker}", "Recovered."))
 
-    with wire_server(respond) as wire, gateway.scenario() as scenario:
+    with _vllm_server(respond) as wire, gateway.scenario() as scenario:
         primary: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
         fallback: Final = scenario.model(
             model=f"hosted_vllm/{_FALLBACK_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY
@@ -399,7 +419,7 @@ def test_fallback_attempt_replays_reasoning_to_the_second_deployment(gateway: Ga
         )
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         assert _JSON_OBJECT.validate_json(response.content)["id"] == f"chatcmpl-fallback-{marker}"
-        attempts: Final = wire.drain()
+        attempts: Final = _provider_calls(wire)
         assert [_JSON_OBJECT.validate_json(attempt.body)["model"] for attempt in attempts] == [
             _BACKEND,
             _FALLBACK_BACKEND,
@@ -413,13 +433,13 @@ def test_fallback_attempt_replays_reasoning_to_the_second_deployment(gateway: Ga
 def test_identical_uncached_replays_are_each_forwarded_and_billed_once(gateway: Gateway) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
     identities: Final = iter((f"chatcmpl-first-{marker}", f"chatcmpl-second-{marker}"))
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(next(identities), "Done."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(next(identities), "Done."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             first: Final = _post_chat(gateway, model, _replayed_conversation(_REASONING, marker))
             second: Final = _post_chat(gateway, model, _replayed_conversation(_REASONING, marker))
             assert (first["id"], second["id"]) == (f"chatcmpl-first-{marker}", f"chatcmpl-second-{marker}")
-            assert [_sent_messages(request) for request in wire.drain()] == [
+            assert [_sent_messages(request) for request in _provider_calls(wire)] == [
                 _replayed_conversation(_REASONING, marker),
                 _replayed_conversation(_REASONING, marker),
             ]
@@ -430,7 +450,7 @@ def test_identical_uncached_replays_are_each_forwarded_and_billed_once(gateway:
 def test_cached_replay_hits_only_for_the_same_reasoning(gateway: Gateway) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
     identities: Final = iter((f"chatcmpl-cached-{marker}", f"chatcmpl-other-{marker}"))
-    with wire_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(next(identities), "Done."))) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: Reply(body=_completion(next(identities), "Done."))) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
 
@@ -446,7 +466,7 @@ def test_cached_replay_hits_only_for_the_same_reasoning(gateway: Gateway) -> Non
             assert ask(_REASONING)["id"] == f"chatcmpl-cached-{marker}"
             assert ask(_REASONING)["id"] == f"chatcmpl-cached-{marker}"
             assert ask(f"a different thought {marker}")["id"] == f"chatcmpl-other-{marker}"
-            assert [_sent_messages(request)[1].get("reasoning_content") for request in wire.drain()] == [
+            assert [_sent_messages(request)[1].get("reasoning_content") for request in _provider_calls(wire)] == [
                 _REASONING,
                 f"a different thought {marker}",
             ]
@@ -514,14 +534,14 @@ def _responses_reply(identity: str, stream: bool) -> Reply:
 
 
 def _only_responses_body(wire: Wire) -> dict[str, JsonValue]:
-    received: Final = wire.drain()
+    received: Final = _provider_calls(wire)
     assert [(request.method, request.target) for request in received] == [("POST", "/v1/responses")]
     return _JSON_OBJECT.validate_json(received[0].body)
 
 
 def test_openai_sdk_responses_replay_reaches_hosted_vllm_with_its_reasoning_item(gateway: Gateway) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
-    with wire_server(lambda _: _responses_reply(f"resp_upstream_{marker}", stream=False)) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: _responses_reply(f"resp_upstream_{marker}", stream=False)) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             response: Final = _openai_client(gateway).responses.create(
@@ -542,7 +562,7 @@ async def test_async_openai_sdk_responses_stream_reaches_hosted_vllm_with_its_re
     gateway: Gateway,
 ) -> None:
     marker: Final = uuid.uuid4().hex
-    with wire_server(lambda _: _responses_reply(f"resp_upstream_{marker}", stream=True)) as wire:
+    with _vllm_server(lambda _: _responses_reply(f"resp_upstream_{marker}", stream=True)) as wire:
         with gateway.scenario() as scenario:
             model: Final = scenario.model(model=f"hosted_vllm/{_BACKEND}", api_base=wire.url + "/v1", api_key=_API_KEY)
             stream: Final = await _async_openai_client(gateway).responses.create(
diff --git a/tests/logging_callback_tests/gcs_pub_sub_body/spend_logs_payload.json b/tests/logging_callback_tests/gcs_pub_sub_body/spend_logs_payload.json
index 21c3d41c238..63baadaaf31 100644
--- a/tests/logging_callback_tests/gcs_pub_sub_body/spend_logs_payload.json
+++ b/tests/logging_callback_tests/gcs_pub_sub_body/spend_logs_payload.json
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     "user": "",
     "team_id": "",
     "organization_id": "",
-    "metadata": "{\"actor_agent_id\": null, \"target_agent_id\": null, \"billing_agent_id\": null, \"agent_execution_mode\": null, \"verified_human_user_id\": null, \"applied_guardrails\": [], \"attempted_fallbacks\": null, \"original_model_group\": null, \"batch_models\": null, \"batch_successful_requests\": null, \"batch_failed_requests\": null, \"mcp_tool_call_metadata\": null, \"vector_store_request_metadata\": null, \"routing_decision\": null, \"internal_call_origin\": null, \"router_metadata\": null, \"autorouter_savings_estimate\": null, \"autorouter_baseline_observation\": null, \"azure_spillover\": null, \"guardrail_information\": null, \"compression_savings\": null, \"litellm_gateway_injected_cache\": null, \"usage_object\": {\"completion_tokens\": 20, \"prompt_tokens\": 10, \"total_tokens\": 30, \"completion_tokens_details\": null, \"prompt_tokens_details\": null}, \"model_map_information\": {\"model_map_key\": \"gpt-4o\", \"model_map_value\": {\"key\": \"gpt-4o\", \"max_tokens\": 16384, \"max_input_tokens\": 128000, \"max_output_tokens\": 16384, \"input_cost_per_token\": 2.5e-06, \"cache_creation_input_token_cost\": null, \"cache_read_input_token_cost\": 1.25e-06, \"input_cost_per_character\": null, \"input_cost_per_token_above_128k_tokens\": null, \"input_cost_per_token_above_200k_tokens\": null, \"input_cost_per_query\": null, \"input_cost_per_second\": null, \"input_cost_per_audio_token\": null, \"input_cost_per_token_batches\": 1.25e-06, \"output_cost_per_token_batches\": 5e-06, \"output_cost_per_token\": 1e-05, \"output_cost_per_audio_token\": null, \"output_cost_per_character\": null, \"output_cost_per_token_above_128k_tokens\": null, \"output_cost_per_character_above_128k_tokens\": null, \"output_cost_per_token_above_200k_tokens\": null, \"output_cost_per_second\": null, \"output_cost_per_image\": null, \"output_vector_size\": null, \"litellm_provider\": \"openai\", \"mode\": \"chat\", \"supports_system_messages\": true, \"supports_response_schema\": true, \"supports_vision\": true, \"supports_function_calling\": true, \"supports_tool_choice\": true, \"supports_assistant_prefill\": false, \"supports_prompt_caching\": true, \"supports_audio_input\": false, \"supports_audio_output\": false, \"supports_pdf_input\": false, \"supports_embedding_image_input\": false, \"supports_native_streaming\": null, \"supports_web_search\": true, \"supports_reasoning\": false, \"search_context_cost_per_query\": {\"search_context_size_low\": 0.03, \"search_context_size_medium\": 0.035, \"search_context_size_high\": 0.05}, \"tpm\": null, \"rpm\": null, \"supported_openai_params\": [\"frequency_penalty\", \"logit_bias\", \"logprobs\", \"top_logprobs\", \"max_tokens\", \"max_completion_tokens\", \"modalities\", \"prediction\", \"n\", \"presence_penalty\", \"seed\", \"stop\", \"stream\", \"stream_options\", \"temperature\", \"top_p\", \"tools\", \"tool_choice\", \"function_call\", \"functions\", \"max_retries\", \"extra_headers\", \"parallel_tool_calls\", \"audio\", \"response_format\", \"user\"]}}, \"additional_usage_values\": {\"completion_tokens_details\": null, \"prompt_tokens_details\": null}, \"user_api_key\": null, \"user_api_key_alias\": null, \"user_api_key_team_id\": null, \"user_api_key_project_id\": null, \"user_api_key_project_alias\": null, \"user_api_key_org_id\": null, \"user_api_key_user_id\": null, \"user_api_key_team_alias\": null, \"spend_logs_metadata\": null, \"requester_ip_address\": null, \"user_agent\": null, \"status\": null, \"proxy_server_request\": null, \"error_information\": null, \"attempted_retries\": null, \"max_retries\": null}",
+    "metadata": "{\"actor_agent_id\": null, \"target_agent_id\": null, \"billing_agent_id\": null, \"agent_execution_mode\": null, \"verified_human_user_id\": null, \"used_client_oauth_token\": null, \"applied_guardrails\": [], \"attempted_fallbacks\": null, \"original_model_group\": null, \"batch_models\": null, \"batch_successful_requests\": null, \"batch_failed_requests\": null, \"mcp_tool_call_metadata\": null, \"vector_store_request_metadata\": null, \"routing_decision\": null, \"internal_call_origin\": null, \"router_metadata\": null, \"autorouter_savings_estimate\": null, \"autorouter_baseline_observation\": null, \"azure_spillover\": null, \"guardrail_information\": null, \"compression_savings\": null, \"litellm_gateway_injected_cache\": null, \"usage_object\": {\"completion_tokens\": 20, \"prompt_tokens\": 10, \"total_tokens\": 30, \"completion_tokens_details\": null, \"prompt_tokens_details\": null}, \"model_map_information\": {\"model_map_key\": \"gpt-4o\", \"model_map_value\": {\"key\": \"gpt-4o\", \"max_tokens\": 16384, \"max_input_tokens\": 128000, \"max_output_tokens\": 16384, \"input_cost_per_token\": 2.5e-06, \"cache_creation_input_token_cost\": null, \"cache_read_input_token_cost\": 1.25e-06, \"input_cost_per_character\": null, \"input_cost_per_token_above_128k_tokens\": null, \"input_cost_per_token_above_200k_tokens\": null, \"input_cost_per_query\": null, \"input_cost_per_second\": null, \"input_cost_per_audio_token\": null, \"input_cost_per_token_batches\": 1.25e-06, \"output_cost_per_token_batches\": 5e-06, \"output_cost_per_token\": 1e-05, \"output_cost_per_audio_token\": null, \"output_cost_per_character\": null, \"output_cost_per_token_above_128k_tokens\": null, \"output_cost_per_character_above_128k_tokens\": null, \"output_cost_per_token_above_200k_tokens\": null, \"output_cost_per_second\": null, \"output_cost_per_image\": null, \"output_vector_size\": null, \"litellm_provider\": \"openai\", \"mode\": \"chat\", \"supports_system_messages\": true, \"supports_response_schema\": true, \"supports_vision\": true, \"supports_function_calling\": true, \"supports_tool_choice\": true, \"supports_assistant_prefill\": false, \"supports_prompt_caching\": true, \"supports_audio_input\": false, \"supports_audio_output\": false, \"supports_pdf_input\": false, \"supports_embedding_image_input\": false, \"supports_native_streaming\": null, \"supports_web_search\": true, \"supports_reasoning\": false, \"search_context_cost_per_query\": {\"search_context_size_low\": 0.03, \"search_context_size_medium\": 0.035, \"search_context_size_high\": 0.05}, \"tpm\": null, \"rpm\": null, \"supported_openai_params\": [\"frequency_penalty\", \"logit_bias\", \"logprobs\", \"top_logprobs\", \"max_tokens\", \"max_completion_tokens\", \"modalities\", \"prediction\", \"n\", \"presence_penalty\", \"seed\", \"stop\", \"stream\", \"stream_options\", \"temperature\", \"top_p\", \"tools\", \"tool_choice\", \"function_call\", \"functions\", \"max_retries\", \"extra_headers\", \"parallel_tool_calls\", \"audio\", \"response_format\", \"user\"]}}, \"additional_usage_values\": {\"completion_tokens_details\": null, \"prompt_tokens_details\": null}, \"user_api_key\": null, \"user_api_key_alias\": null, \"user_api_key_team_id\": null, \"user_api_key_project_id\": null, \"user_api_key_project_alias\": null, \"user_api_key_org_id\": null, \"user_api_key_user_id\": null, \"user_api_key_team_alias\": null, \"spend_logs_metadata\": null, \"requester_ip_address\": null, \"user_agent\": null, \"status\": null, \"proxy_server_request\": null, \"error_information\": null, \"attempted_retries\": null, \"max_retries\": null}",
     "cache_key": "Cache OFF",
     "spend": 0.00022500000000000002,
     "total_tokens": 30,
diff --git a/tests/unit/conftest.py b/tests/unit/conftest.py
index ec957d80904..2578cb7d78a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/unit/conftest.py
@@ -182,6 +182,11 @@ def _flush_client_caches() -> None:
     _reset_aws_auth_caches()
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True, scope="session")
+def bundled_tiktoken_cache() -> None:
+    importlib.import_module("litellm.litellm_core_utils.default_encoding")
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def isolated_aws_config_files(tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory) -> tuple[Path, Path]:
     aws_dir: Final = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("aws-config")
diff --git a/tests/unit/litellm_core_utils/conftest.py b/tests/unit/litellm_core_utils/conftest.py
index 2a1e1f6382c..b65fa59045f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/litellm_core_utils/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/unit/litellm_core_utils/conftest.py
@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
-import importlib
-
 import pytest
 
 from tests.unit.litellm_core_utils.fake_secret_vault import FakeSecretVault
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True, scope="session")
-def bundled_tiktoken_cache() -> None:
-    importlib.import_module("litellm.litellm_core_utils.default_encoding")
-
-
 @pytest.fixture
 def secret_vault_factory() -> type[FakeSecretVault]:
     return FakeSecretVault
diff --git a/tests/unit/llms/custom_httpx/test_http_handler.py b/tests/unit/llms/custom_httpx/test_http_handler.py
index 8358d15d30e..15c842ade3e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/llms/custom_httpx/test_http_handler.py
+++ b/tests/unit/llms/custom_httpx/test_http_handler.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import ssl
 import threading
 import weakref
 from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from typing import Final
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
@@ -1388,7 +1389,8 @@ async def test_finalizer_on_live_loop_disposes_foreign_loop_session_without_sche
     another, dead loop must not schedule aclose() here — that is the cross-loop
     path the transport refuses — and must still dispose the session."""
     handler = AsyncHTTPHandler(timeout=61.0)
-    session = await asyncio.to_thread(_mint_session_on_dead_loop, handler)
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as pool:
+        session = pool.submit(_mint_session_on_dead_loop, handler).result()
     assert not session.closed
 
     baseline_tasks = set(AsyncHTTPHandler._finalizer_close_tasks)
diff --git a/tests/unit/router_strategy/test_budget_limiter_hotpath.py b/tests/unit/router_strategy/test_budget_limiter_hotpath.py
index a2c38a898e9..a417b789397 100644
--- a/tests/unit/router_strategy/test_budget_limiter_hotpath.py
+++ b/tests/unit/router_strategy/test_budget_limiter_hotpath.py
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ async def test_push_task_failure_is_logged_once_and_not_leaked(disable_budget_sy
     finally:
         loop.set_exception_handler(None)
 
-    assert [record.getMessage() for record in caplog.records] == [
+    assert [record.getMessage() for record in caplog.records if record.name != "asyncio"] == [
         "Error syncing in-memory cache with Redis: Error 61 connecting to 127.0.0.1:6379"
     ]
     unretrieved.assert_not_called()
diff --git a/ui/litellm-dashboard/src/components/edit_auto_router/edit_auto_router_modal.integration.test.tsx b/ui/litellm-dashboard/src/components/edit_auto_router/edit_auto_router_modal.integration.test.tsx
index 33d35b9677c..060438d971f 100644
--- a/ui/litellm-dashboard/src/components/edit_auto_router/edit_auto_router_modal.integration.test.tsx
+++ b/ui/litellm-dashboard/src/components/edit_auto_router/edit_auto_router_modal.integration.test.tsx
@@ -157,7 +157,9 @@ describe("EditAutoRouterModal keyword matching", () => {
     const threshold = screen.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Success threshold" });
     expect(threshold).toHaveValue("0.91");
     fireEvent.change(threshold, { target: { value: raw } });
-    await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Save Changes" })).toBeEnabled());
+    await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Save Changes" })).toBeEnabled(), {
+      timeout: 5000,
+    });
     await user.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Save Changes" }));
     await waitFor(() => expect(modelPatchUpdateCall).toHaveBeenCalledOnce());
     if (raw === "") expect(savedConfig()).not.toHaveProperty("heuristic_v2_success_threshold");