diff --git a/.github/workflows/_test-unit-base.yml b/.github/workflows/_test-unit-base.yml
index 6f6822a975b..75b0f93fd77 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/_test-unit-base.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/_test-unit-base.yml
@@ -55,17 +55,14 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+env:
+  UV_PYTHON: "3.12"
+
 jobs:
   run:
-    name: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.12' && 'Run tests' || format('Run tests (Python {0})', matrix.python-version) }}
+    name: Run tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: ${{ inputs.job-timeout-minutes }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
-    env:
-      UV_PYTHON: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     permissions:
       contents: read
       pull-requests: read
@@ -88,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 3
         uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          python-version: ${{ env.UV_PYTHON }}
 
       - name: Set up uv
         if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
@@ -103,9 +100,9 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ${{ env.UV_CACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ env.UV_PYTHON }}-${{ hashFiles('uv.lock') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-uv-downloads-py${{ env.UV_PYTHON }}-
 
       - name: Cache the Rust build
         if: steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
@@ -139,7 +136,7 @@ jobs:
           WORKERS: ${{ inputs.workers }}
           RERUNS: ${{ inputs.reruns }}
           DIST: ${{ inputs.dist }}
-          COVERAGE_CORE: ${{ contains(fromJSON('["3.10", "3.11"]'), matrix.python-version) && 'ctrace' || 'sysmon' }}
+          COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
         run: |
           if [ "${WORKERS}" = "0" ]; then
             uv run --no-sync pytest ${TEST_PATH:?} \
@@ -166,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Save coverage report
-        if: always() && matrix.python-version == '3.12' && steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
+        if: always() && steps.changes.outputs.decision != 'skip'
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@4cec3d8aa04e39d1a68397de0c4cd6fb9dce8ec1 # v4.6.1
         with:
           name: coverage-${{ inputs.artifact-name }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
diff --git a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/streaming_iterator.py b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/streaming_iterator.py
index 32b8cbe6343..9158ff4569f 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/streaming_iterator.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/streaming_iterator.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from typing import (
     Final,
     Literal,
     Protocol,
+    cast,  # noqa: TID251  # rebuilt message_delta dict spans the ContentBlockDelta/MessageBlockDelta union
     get_args,
 )
 
@@ -100,6 +101,10 @@ class _CombinedChunkSplitter:
     @staticmethod
     def _is_combined(chunk: "ModelResponseStream") -> bool:
         """True if ``chunk`` carries response content AND a finish_reason."""
+        from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.messages.utils import (
+            openai_chat_refusal_text,
+        )
+
         choices: Final = _optional_attr_sequence(chunk, "choices")
         if not choices:
             return False
@@ -114,6 +119,7 @@ class _CombinedChunkSplitter:
             or _optional_attr(delta, "tool_calls")
             or _optional_attr(delta, "reasoning_content")
             or _optional_attr(delta, "thinking_blocks")
+            or openai_chat_refusal_text(delta)
         )
 
     _PAYLOAD_FIELD_GROUPS: "tuple[tuple[str, ...], ...]" = (
@@ -305,6 +311,7 @@ class AnthropicStreamWrapper(AdapterCompletionStreamWrapper):
         # Synthesized compaction block from compact_20260112 polyfill (streaming).
         self.compaction_block = compaction_block
         self.iterations_usage = iterations_usage
+        self._refusal_text: str = ""
         self.sent_compaction_block: bool = False
         # Per-phase flags so the compaction block's start/delta/stop events
         # are emitted (and the public state machine is advanced) in
@@ -572,6 +579,7 @@ class AnthropicStreamWrapper(AdapterCompletionStreamWrapper):
                     current_content_block_index=self.current_content_block_index,
                     applied_edits=(self.applied_edits if is_final_chunk and not will_merge_into_held else None),
                 )
+                processed_chunk = self._with_refusal_stop_details(processed_chunk)
 
                 # Check if this is a usage chunk and we have a held stop_reason chunk
                 if will_merge_into_held:
@@ -806,6 +814,7 @@ class AnthropicStreamWrapper(AdapterCompletionStreamWrapper):
                     current_content_block_index=self.current_content_block_index,
                     applied_edits=(self.applied_edits if is_final_chunk and not will_merge_into_held else None),
                 )
+                processed_chunk = self._with_refusal_stop_details(processed_chunk)
 
                 # Check if this is a usage chunk and we have a held stop_reason chunk
                 if will_merge_into_held:
@@ -993,6 +1002,31 @@ class AnthropicStreamWrapper(AdapterCompletionStreamWrapper):
     def _increment_content_block_index(self):
         self.current_content_block_index += 1
 
+    def _with_refusal_stop_details(
+        self,
+        processed_chunk: ContentBlockDelta | MessageBlockDelta,
+    ) -> ContentBlockDelta | MessageBlockDelta:
+        if processed_chunk.get("type") != "message_delta" or not self._refusal_text:
+            return processed_chunk
+        delta: Final = cast(Mapping[str, object], processed_chunk["delta"])  # cast-ok: keys checked before use
+        if delta.get("stop_reason") == "max_tokens":
+            return processed_chunk
+        from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.messages.utils import (
+            refusal_stop_details,
+        )
+
+        return cast(  # cast-ok: rebuilt dict matches the message_delta TypedDict shape for this branch
+            ContentBlockDelta | MessageBlockDelta,
+            {  # mutable-ok: fresh translation payload; never mutated after construction
+                **processed_chunk,
+                "delta": {  # mutable-ok: fresh message_delta payload; never mutated after construction
+                    **delta,
+                    "stop_reason": "refusal",
+                    "stop_details": refusal_stop_details(self._refusal_text),
+                },
+            },
+        )
+
     @staticmethod
     def _delta_has_content(processed_chunk: Mapping[str, object]) -> bool:
         """Return True if a translated chunk carries a non-empty
@@ -1035,6 +1069,9 @@ class AnthropicStreamWrapper(AdapterCompletionStreamWrapper):
     @staticmethod
     def _is_blank_delta(chunk: "ModelResponseStream") -> bool:
         from litellm.llms.anthropic.common_utils import is_empty_unsigned_thinking_block
+        from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.messages.utils import (
+            openai_chat_refusal_text,
+        )
 
         choice: Final = chunk.choices[0]
         if choice.finish_reason is not None:
@@ -1044,6 +1081,8 @@ class AnthropicStreamWrapper(AdapterCompletionStreamWrapper):
             return False
         if getattr(delta, "content", None):
             return False
+        if openai_chat_refusal_text(delta):
+            return False
         if getattr(delta, "reasoning_content", None):
             return False
         # thinking_blocks whose entries are all empty AND unsigned must not
@@ -1067,13 +1106,19 @@ class AnthropicStreamWrapper(AdapterCompletionStreamWrapper):
         - Different content types in the response
         - Specific markers in the content
         """
+        from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.messages.utils import (
+            openai_chat_refusal_text,
+        )
+
         from .transformation import LiteLLMAnthropicMessagesAdapter
 
-        # Example logic - customize based on your needs:
-        # If chunk indicates a tool call
         if chunk.choices[0].finish_reason is not None:
             return False
 
+        refusal_text: Final = openai_chat_refusal_text(chunk.choices[0].delta)
+        if refusal_text is not None:
+            self._refusal_text = self._refusal_text + refusal_text
+
         (
             block_type,
             content_block_start,
diff --git a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/transformation.py b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/transformation.py
index f450f3899f4..db890662132 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/transformation.py
@@ -117,6 +117,10 @@ from litellm.llms.anthropic.common_utils import (
 from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.context_management import (
     PolyfillResult,
 )
+from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.messages.utils import (
+    openai_chat_refusal_text,
+    refusal_stop_details,
+)
 from litellm.types.llms.anthropic import (
     ANTHROPIC_HOSTED_TOOLS,
     AllAnthropicPassThroughMessageValues,
@@ -1314,6 +1318,8 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicMessagesAdapter:
                 new_content.append(
                     AnthropicResponseContentBlockText(type="text", text=choice.message.content).model_dump()
                 )
+            if (refusal_text := openai_chat_refusal_text(choice.message)) is not None:
+                new_content.append(AnthropicResponseContentBlockText(type="text", text=refusal_text).model_dump())
             # Handle tool calls (in parallel to text content)
             if choice.message.tool_calls is not None and len(choice.message.tool_calls) > 0:
                 for tool_call in choice.message.tool_calls:
@@ -1472,14 +1478,23 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicMessagesAdapter:
             choices=response.choices,
             tool_name_mapping=tool_name_mapping,
         )
+        refusal_text: Final = next(
+            (text for choice in response.choices if (text := openai_chat_refusal_text(choice.message)) is not None),
+            None,
+        )
 
         if polyfill_result is not None and polyfill_result.compaction_block is not None:
             anthropic_content.insert(0, polyfill_result.compaction_block)
 
         ## extract finish reason
-        anthropic_finish_reason: Final = self._translate_openai_finish_reason_to_anthropic(
+        translated_finish_reason: Final = self._translate_openai_finish_reason_to_anthropic(
             openai_finish_reason=response.choices[0].finish_reason
         )
+        anthropic_finish_reason: Final = (
+            "refusal"
+            if refusal_text is not None and translated_finish_reason != "max_tokens"
+            else translated_finish_reason
+        )
         # extract usage
         usage: Final[Usage] = getattr(response, "usage")
         anthropic_usage: Final = self._translate_openai_usage_to_anthropic_usage(usage)
@@ -1501,6 +1516,7 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicMessagesAdapter:
             usage=anthropic_usage,
             content=anthropic_content,
             stop_reason=anthropic_finish_reason,
+            stop_details=(refusal_stop_details(refusal_text) if anthropic_finish_reason == "refusal" else None),
         )
 
         applied_edits: Final = polyfill_result.applied_edits_for_response() if polyfill_result else None
@@ -1541,7 +1557,9 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicMessagesAdapter:
                         "signature": thought_sig,
                     }
                 return "tool_use", cast("ContentBlockContentBlockDict", tool_block)
-            elif choice.delta.content is not None and len(choice.delta.content) > 0:
+            elif (choice.delta.content is not None and len(choice.delta.content) > 0) or openai_chat_refusal_text(
+                choice.delta
+            ) is not None:
                 return "text", TextBlock(type="text", text="")
             elif isinstance(choice, StreamingChoices) and hasattr(choice.delta, "thinking_blocks"):
                 thinking_blocks = choice.delta.thinking_blocks or []
@@ -1613,7 +1631,10 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicMessagesAdapter:
         elif reasoning_content:
             return "thinking_delta", ContentThinkingBlockDelta(type="thinking_delta", thinking=reasoning_content)
         else:
-            return "text_delta", ContentTextBlockDelta(type="text_delta", text=text)
+            refusal_text: Final = "".join(
+                refusal for choice in choices if (refusal := openai_chat_refusal_text(choice.delta)) is not None
+            )
+            return "text_delta", ContentTextBlockDelta(type="text_delta", text=text + refusal_text)
 
     def translate_streaming_openai_response_to_anthropic(
         self,
diff --git a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/messages/utils.py b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/messages/utils.py
index 242300c7b6d..7545dff1408 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/messages/utils.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/messages/utils.py
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-from collections.abc import Mapping
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
 from functools import lru_cache
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Final, cast, get_type_hints
 
-from litellm.types.llms.anthropic import AnthropicMessagesRequestOptionalParams
+from litellm.types.llms.anthropic import (
+    AnthropicMessagesRequestOptionalParams,
+    AnthropicStopDetails,
+)
 from litellm.types.llms.anthropic_messages.anthropic_response import (
     AnthropicMessagesResponse,
 )
@@ -25,6 +28,69 @@ def get_safeguard_refusal_stop_details(response: object) -> Mapping[str, Any] |
     return stop_details if isinstance(stop_details, dict) else None
 
 
+def refusal_stop_details(explanation: str | None) -> AnthropicStopDetails:
+    """The ``stop_details`` object accompanying a translated ``stop_reason: "refusal"``."""
+    return AnthropicStopDetails(type="refusal", category=None, explanation=explanation)
+
+
+def _mapping_field(container: object, key: str) -> object | None:
+    """One key of a raw provider payload, or None when the payload is not a mapping."""
+    if not isinstance(container, Mapping):
+        return None
+    return cast(Mapping[str, object], container).get(key)  # cast-ok: raw payload, callers re-check every value
+
+
+def _mapping_str_field(container: object, key: str) -> str | None:
+    value: Final = _mapping_field(container, key)
+    return value if isinstance(value, str) and value else None
+
+
+def openai_chat_refusal_text(message_or_delta: object) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Refusal text carried by an OpenAI Chat Completions message or streaming delta,
+    read from ``refusal`` or from the ``provider_specific_fields`` LiteLLM parks it
+    in, or None when the turn is not a refusal.
+    """
+    refusal: Final = getattr(message_or_delta, "refusal", None)
+    if isinstance(refusal, str) and refusal:
+        return refusal
+    return _mapping_str_field(getattr(message_or_delta, "provider_specific_fields", None), "refusal")
+
+
+def _responses_message_refusal_text(item: object) -> str | None:
+    from openai.types.responses import ResponseOutputMessage, ResponseOutputRefusal
+
+    if isinstance(item, ResponseOutputMessage):
+        return next(
+            (part.refusal for part in item.content if isinstance(part, ResponseOutputRefusal) and part.refusal),
+            None,
+        )
+    raw_parts: Final = _mapping_field(item, "content")
+    if _mapping_str_field(item, "type") != "message" or not isinstance(raw_parts, Sequence):
+        return None
+    return next(
+        (
+            refusal
+            for part in cast(Sequence[object], raw_parts)  # cast-ok: members re-validated below
+            if _mapping_str_field(part, "type") == "refusal"
+            and isinstance(refusal := _mapping_str_field(part, "refusal"), str)
+        ),
+        None,
+    )
+
+
+def responses_output_refusal_text(output: Iterable[object]) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Refusal text carried by an OpenAI Responses ``output`` list, in typed
+    (``ResponseOutputRefusal``) or raw-dictionary shape, or None when none of the
+    output messages refused.
+    """
+    return next(
+        (text for item in output if (text := _responses_message_refusal_text(item)) is not None),
+        None,
+    )
+
+
 def safeguard_refusal_error(model: str, stop_details: Mapping[str, object]) -> "ContentPolicyViolationError":
     """The exception a safeguard-refused Anthropic response converts into so the
     content-policy fallback chain can re-dispatch it."""
diff --git a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/streaming_iterator.py b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/streaming_iterator.py
index b0aba386753..2e0a6a9df8f 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/streaming_iterator.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/streaming_iterator.py
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 # What is this?
 ## Translates OpenAI call to Anthropic `/v1/messages` format
+import asyncio
 import json
 import traceback
 from collections import deque
-from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Mapping
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Mapping
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Final
 
 from litellm import verbose_logger
 from litellm._uuid import uuid
+from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.messages.utils import (
+    refusal_stop_details,
+    responses_output_refusal_text,
+)
 from litellm.types.llms.anthropic_messages.anthropic_response import AnthropicUsage
 
 from .transformation import LiteLLMAnthropicToResponsesAPIAdapter
@@ -49,6 +54,8 @@ class AnthropicResponsesStreamWrapper:
         self._sent_message_start = False
         self._sent_message_stop = False
         self._chunk_queue: deque[dict[str, object]] = deque()
+        self._refusal_text: str = ""
+        self._sync_responses_iterator: Iterator[object] | None = None
 
     def _make_message_start(self) -> dict[str, object]:
         return {
@@ -131,6 +138,24 @@ class AnthropicResponsesStreamWrapper:
                 )
             return
 
+        if event_type == "response.refusal.delta":
+            delta = getattr(event, "delta", "") or (event.get("delta", "") if isinstance(event, dict) else "")
+            if not isinstance(delta, str) or not delta:
+                return
+            self._refusal_text = self._refusal_text + delta
+            item_id = getattr(event, "item_id", None) or (event.get("item_id") if isinstance(event, dict) else None)
+            block_idx = self._item_id_to_block_index.get(item_id, -1) if item_id else self._current_block_index
+            if block_idx < 0:
+                block_idx = self._open_block(item_id, {"type": "text", "text": ""})
+            self._chunk_queue.append(
+                {
+                    "type": "content_block_delta",
+                    "index": block_idx,
+                    "delta": {"type": "text_delta", "text": delta},
+                }
+            )
+            return
+
         # ---- text delta ----
         if event_type == "response.output_text.delta":
             item_id = getattr(event, "item_id", None) or (event.get("item_id") if isinstance(event, dict) else None)
@@ -215,34 +240,47 @@ class AnthropicResponsesStreamWrapper:
             response_obj: Final = getattr(event, "response", None) or (
                 event.get("response") if isinstance(event, dict) else None
             )
-            stop_reason = "end_turn"
-            anthropic_usage: AnthropicUsage = AnthropicUsage(input_tokens=0, output_tokens=0)
-
-            if response_obj is not None:
-                status: Final = getattr(response_obj, "status", None)
-                if status == "incomplete":
-                    stop_reason = "max_tokens"
-                anthropic_usage = (
-                    LiteLLMAnthropicToResponsesAPIAdapter.translate_responses_api_usage_to_anthropic_usage(
-                        getattr(response_obj, "usage", None)
-                    )
+            output: Final = (getattr(response_obj, "output", None) or ()) if response_obj is not None else ()
+            refusal_text: Final = responses_output_refusal_text(output) or (self._refusal_text or None)
+            status: Final = getattr(response_obj, "status", None) if response_obj is not None else None
+            has_tool_call: Final = any(
+                getattr(item, "type", None) == "function_call"
+                or (isinstance(item, dict) and item.get("type") == "function_call")
+                for item in output
+            )
+            stop_reason: Final = (
+                "max_tokens"
+                if status == "incomplete"
+                else "refusal"
+                if refusal_text is not None
+                else "tool_use"
+                if has_tool_call
+                else "end_turn"
+            )
+            anthropic_usage: Final[AnthropicUsage] = (
+                LiteLLMAnthropicToResponsesAPIAdapter.translate_responses_api_usage_to_anthropic_usage(
+                    getattr(response_obj, "usage", None)
                 )
+                if response_obj is not None
+                else AnthropicUsage(input_tokens=0, output_tokens=0)
+            )
 
-            # Check if tool_use was in the output to override stop_reason
-            if response_obj is not None:
-                output: Final = getattr(response_obj, "output", []) or []
-                for out_item in output:
-                    out_type = getattr(out_item, "type", None) or (
-                        out_item.get("type") if isinstance(out_item, dict) else None
-                    )
-                    if out_type == "function_call":
-                        stop_reason = "tool_use"
-                        break
+            message_delta_payload: Final = {  # mutable-ok: fresh message_delta payload built per chunk
+                "stop_reason": stop_reason,
+                "stop_sequence": None,
+                **(
+                    {  # mutable-ok: fresh message_delta stop_details entry built per chunk
+                        "stop_details": refusal_stop_details(refusal_text)
+                    }
+                    if stop_reason == "refusal"
+                    else {}  # mutable-ok: empty spread placeholder for non-refusal stop
+                ),
+            }
 
             self._chunk_queue.append(
                 {
                     "type": "message_delta",
-                    "delta": {"stop_reason": stop_reason, "stop_sequence": None},
+                    "delta": message_delta_payload,
                     "usage": dict(anthropic_usage),
                 }
             )
@@ -266,10 +304,20 @@ class AnthropicResponsesStreamWrapper:
 
         # Consume the upstream stream
         try:
-            async for event in self.responses_stream:
-                self._process_event(event)
-                if self._chunk_queue:
-                    return self._chunk_queue.popleft()
+            if hasattr(self.responses_stream, "__aiter__"):
+                async for event in self.responses_stream:
+                    self._process_event(event)
+                    if self._chunk_queue:
+                        return self._chunk_queue.popleft()
+            else:
+                if self._sync_responses_iterator is None:
+                    self._sync_responses_iterator = iter(self.responses_stream)
+                sync_iterator: Final = self._sync_responses_iterator
+                missing: Final = object()
+                while (event := await asyncio.to_thread(next, sync_iterator, missing)) is not missing:
+                    self._process_event(event)
+                    if self._chunk_queue:
+                        return self._chunk_queue.popleft()
         except StopAsyncIteration:
             pass
         except Exception as e:
diff --git a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/transformation.py b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/transformation.py
index 62fc06a7c30..f1daf2be42a 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/transformation.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/transformation.py
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ from litellm.litellm_core_utils.prompt_templates.common_utils import (
 from litellm.litellm_core_utils.reasoning_effort_utils import (
     reasoning_effort_from_thinking_budget,
 )
+from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.messages.utils import (
+    refusal_stop_details,
+    responses_output_refusal_text,
+)
 from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.utils import (
     is_reasoning_auto_summary_enabled,
     prompt_cache_key_from_user_id,
@@ -624,6 +628,9 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicToResponsesAPIAdapter:
 
         content: Final[list[dict[str, object]]] = []
         stop_reason: AnthropicFinishReason = "end_turn"
+        refusal_text: Final = responses_output_refusal_text(
+            cast(Iterable[object], response.output)  # cast-ok: output items re-validated per item
+        )
 
         for item in response.output:
             if isinstance(item, ResponseReasoningItem):
@@ -631,10 +638,17 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicToResponsesAPIAdapter:
 
             elif isinstance(item, ResponseOutputMessage):
                 for part in item.content:
-                    if getattr(part, "type", None) == "output_text":
+                    part_type = getattr(part, "type", None)
+                    if part_type == "output_text":
                         content.append(
                             AnthropicResponseContentBlockText(type="text", text=getattr(part, "text", "")).model_dump()
                         )
+                    elif part_type == "refusal":
+                        content.append(
+                            AnthropicResponseContentBlockText(
+                                type="text", text=getattr(part, "refusal", "") or ""
+                            ).model_dump()
+                        )
 
             elif isinstance(item, ResponseFunctionToolCall):
                 try:
@@ -654,11 +668,21 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicToResponsesAPIAdapter:
             elif isinstance(item, dict):
                 item_type = item.get("type")
                 if item_type == "message":
-                    for part in item.get("content", []):
-                        if isinstance(part, dict) and part.get("type") == "output_text":
-                            content.append(
-                                AnthropicResponseContentBlockText(type="text", text=part.get("text", "")).model_dump()
-                            )
+                    for part in item.get("content", ()):
+                        if isinstance(part, dict):
+                            part_type = part.get("type")
+                            if part_type == "output_text":
+                                content.append(
+                                    AnthropicResponseContentBlockText(
+                                        type="text", text=part.get("text", "")
+                                    ).model_dump()
+                                )
+                            elif part_type == "refusal":
+                                content.append(
+                                    AnthropicResponseContentBlockText(
+                                        type="text", text=part.get("refusal", "") or ""
+                                    ).model_dump()
+                                )
                 elif item_type == "reasoning":
                     content.extend(
                         self._thinking_blocks_from_reasoning_item(
@@ -679,10 +703,10 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicToResponsesAPIAdapter:
                         ).model_dump(exclude_none=True)
                     )
                     stop_reason = "tool_use"
-
-        # status -> stop_reason override
         if response.status == "incomplete":
             stop_reason = "max_tokens"
+        elif refusal_text is not None:
+            stop_reason = "refusal"
 
         anthropic_usage: Final = self.translate_responses_api_usage_to_anthropic_usage(response.usage)
 
@@ -695,4 +719,5 @@ class LiteLLMAnthropicToResponsesAPIAdapter:
             usage=anthropic_usage,
             content=content,
             stop_reason=stop_reason,
+            stop_details=(refusal_stop_details(refusal_text) if stop_reason == "refusal" else None),
         )
diff --git a/litellm/types/llms/anthropic.py b/litellm/types/llms/anthropic.py
index b3462203c4b..365d59a179b 100644
--- a/litellm/types/llms/anthropic.py
+++ b/litellm/types/llms/anthropic.py
@@ -520,8 +520,15 @@ ContentBlockContentBlockDict = ToolUseBlock | TextBlock | ChatCompletionThinking
 ContentBlockStart = ContentBlockStartToolUse | ContentBlockStartText
 
 
+class AnthropicStopDetails(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: ReadOnly[Literal["refusal"]]
+    category: ReadOnly[str | None]
+    explanation: ReadOnly[str | None]
+
+
 class MessageDelta(TypedDict, total=False):
     stop_reason: str | None
+    stop_details: ReadOnly[AnthropicStopDetails]
 
 
 class ServerToolUsage(TypedDict, total=False):
@@ -658,7 +665,7 @@ class AnthropicOutputTokensDetails(BaseModel):
     thinking_tokens: int | None = None
 
 
-AnthropicFinishReason = Literal["end_turn", "max_tokens", "stop_sequence", "tool_use"]
+AnthropicFinishReason = Literal["end_turn", "max_tokens", "stop_sequence", "tool_use", "refusal"]
 
 
 class AnthropicResponse(BaseModel):
diff --git a/litellm/types/llms/anthropic_messages/anthropic_response.py b/litellm/types/llms/anthropic_messages/anthropic_response.py
index 4fe1dafc73b..038a23a3ca2 100644
--- a/litellm/types/llms/anthropic_messages/anthropic_response.py
+++ b/litellm/types/llms/anthropic_messages/anthropic_response.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from typing_extensions import NotRequired, ReadOnly, TypedDict
 from litellm.types.llms.anthropic import (
     AnthropicResponseContentBlockText,
     AnthropicResponseContentBlockToolUse,
+    AnthropicStopDetails,
     ContextManagementResponse,
     ServerToolUsage,
 )
@@ -78,16 +79,6 @@ class AnthropicUsage(TypedDict, total=False):
     server_tool_use: NotRequired[ReadOnly[ServerToolUsage]]
 
 
-class AnthropicStopDetails(TypedDict, total=False):
-    """
-    Safeguard verdict accompanying a `stop_reason: "refusal"` response:
-    https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/build-with-claude/refusals-and-fallback
-    """
-
-    category: ReadOnly[str | None]
-    explanation: ReadOnly[str | None]
-
-
 class AnthropicMessagesResponse(TypedDict, total=False):
     """
     Anthropic Messages API Response: https://docs.anthropic.com/en/api/messages
diff --git a/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/test_anthropic_experimental_pass_through_adapters_transformation.py b/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/test_anthropic_experimental_pass_through_adapters_transformation.py
index 0478a251057..30465ca25ba 100644
--- a/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/test_anthropic_experimental_pass_through_adapters_transformation.py
+++ b/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/test_anthropic_experimental_pass_through_adapters_transformation.py
@@ -40,6 +40,51 @@ from litellm.types.utils import (
 )
 
 
+def test_translate_chat_refusal_to_anthropic_response():
+    response = ModelResponse(
+        id="chatcmpl-refusal",
+        model="openai-model",
+        choices=[
+            Choices(
+                index=0,
+                finish_reason="stop",
+                message=Message(content=None, role="assistant", refusal="I cannot fulfill this request."),
+            )
+        ],
+        usage=Usage(prompt_tokens=1, completion_tokens=1, total_tokens=2),
+    )
+
+    result = LiteLLMAnthropicMessagesAdapter().translate_openai_response_to_anthropic(response)
+
+    assert result["content"] == [{"type": "text", "text": "I cannot fulfill this request."}]
+    assert result["stop_reason"] == "refusal"
+    assert result.get("stop_details") == {
+        "type": "refusal",
+        "category": None,
+        "explanation": "I cannot fulfill this request.",
+    }
+
+
+def test_translate_chat_length_takes_precedence_over_refusal():
+    response = ModelResponse(
+        id="chatcmpl-partial-refusal",
+        model="openai-model",
+        choices=[
+            Choices(
+                index=0,
+                finish_reason="length",
+                message=Message(content=None, role="assistant", refusal="Partial refusal"),
+            )
+        ],
+        usage=Usage(prompt_tokens=1, completion_tokens=1, total_tokens=2),
+    )
+
+    result = LiteLLMAnthropicMessagesAdapter().translate_openai_response_to_anthropic(response)
+
+    assert result["stop_reason"] == "max_tokens"
+    assert result.get("stop_details") is None
+
+
 def test_translate_streaming_openai_chunk_to_anthropic_content_block():
     choices = [
         StreamingChoices(
diff --git a/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/test_streaming_iterator_first_delta.py b/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/test_streaming_iterator_first_delta.py
index 17d42f55ae0..fdd08eaa182 100644
--- a/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/test_streaming_iterator_first_delta.py
+++ b/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/adapters/test_streaming_iterator_first_delta.py
@@ -108,6 +108,136 @@ def _text_deltas(events: List[dict]) -> List[str]:
     ]
 
 
+def test_streaming_chat_refusal_emits_refusal_text_and_stop_details():
+    chunks = [
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None, refusal="I cannot fulfill this request.")),
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None), finish_reason="stop"),
+    ]
+    wrapper = AnthropicStreamWrapper(completion_stream=iter(chunks), model="openai-model")
+
+    events = _drain_sync(wrapper)
+
+    assert _text_deltas(events) == ["I cannot fulfill this request."]
+    message_delta = next(event for event in events if event["type"] == "message_delta")
+    assert message_delta["delta"] == {
+        "stop_reason": "refusal",
+        "stop_details": {
+            "type": "refusal",
+            "category": None,
+            "explanation": "I cannot fulfill this request.",
+        },
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_streaming_chat_refusal_emits_refusal_text_and_stop_details_async():
+    chunks = [
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None, refusal="I cannot fulfill this request.")),
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None), finish_reason="stop"),
+    ]
+    wrapper = AnthropicStreamWrapper(completion_stream=_AsyncStream(chunks), model="openai-model")
+
+    events = await _drain_async(wrapper)
+
+    assert _text_deltas(events) == ["I cannot fulfill this request."]
+    message_delta = next(event for event in events if event["type"] == "message_delta")
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "refusal"
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_details"]["explanation"] == "I cannot fulfill this request."
+
+
+def test_streaming_chat_refusal_parked_in_provider_specific_fields_is_emitted():
+    """Providers that do not populate ``delta.refusal`` (Azure o-series among
+    them) hand LiteLLM the refusal as an unrecognized field, which lands in
+    ``provider_specific_fields``. That first delta still has to stream as text,
+    otherwise the client gets ``stop_reason: refusal`` over an empty content
+    array and shows the user nothing.
+    """
+    chunks = [
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None, provider_specific_fields={"refusal": "I cannot fulfill this request."})),
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None), finish_reason="stop"),
+    ]
+    wrapper = AnthropicStreamWrapper(completion_stream=iter(chunks), model="openai-model")
+
+    events = _drain_sync(wrapper)
+
+    assert _text_deltas(events) == ["I cannot fulfill this request."]
+    message_delta = next(event for event in events if event["type"] == "message_delta")
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "refusal"
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_details"]["explanation"] == "I cannot fulfill this request."
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_streaming_chat_refusal_parked_in_provider_specific_fields_is_emitted_async():
+    chunks = [
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None, provider_specific_fields={"refusal": "I cannot fulfill this request."})),
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None), finish_reason="stop"),
+    ]
+    wrapper = AnthropicStreamWrapper(completion_stream=_AsyncStream(chunks), model="openai-model")
+
+    events = await _drain_async(wrapper)
+
+    assert _text_deltas(events) == ["I cannot fulfill this request."]
+    message_delta = next(event for event in events if event["type"] == "message_delta")
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "refusal"
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_details"]["explanation"] == "I cannot fulfill this request."
+
+
+def test_streaming_chat_combined_refusal_and_finish_reason_is_preserved():
+    """Fake-streamed responses arrive as one chunk carrying both the delta and the
+    finish_reason. The refusal has to be split off and streamed as text, or the
+    client gets ``stop_reason: refusal`` over an empty content array.
+    """
+    chunks = [
+        _make_chunk(
+            Delta(content=None, refusal="I cannot fulfill this request."),
+            finish_reason="stop",
+        )
+    ]
+    wrapper = AnthropicStreamWrapper(completion_stream=iter(chunks), model="openai-model")
+
+    events = _drain_sync(wrapper)
+
+    assert _text_deltas(events) == ["I cannot fulfill this request."]
+    message_delta = next(event for event in events if event["type"] == "message_delta")
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "refusal"
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_details"]["explanation"] == "I cannot fulfill this request."
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_streaming_chat_combined_refusal_and_finish_reason_is_preserved_async():
+    chunks = [
+        _make_chunk(
+            Delta(content=None, provider_specific_fields={"refusal": "I cannot fulfill this request."}),
+            finish_reason="stop",
+        )
+    ]
+    wrapper = AnthropicStreamWrapper(completion_stream=_AsyncStream(chunks), model="openai-model")
+
+    events = await _drain_async(wrapper)
+
+    assert _text_deltas(events) == ["I cannot fulfill this request."]
+    message_delta = next(event for event in events if event["type"] == "message_delta")
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "refusal"
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_details"]["explanation"] == "I cannot fulfill this request."
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("async_mode", [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_streaming_chat_length_takes_precedence_over_refusal(async_mode: bool):
+    chunks = [
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None, refusal="Partial refusal")),
+        _make_chunk(Delta(content=None), finish_reason="length"),
+    ]
+    stream = _AsyncStream(chunks) if async_mode else iter(chunks)
+    wrapper = AnthropicStreamWrapper(completion_stream=stream, model="openai-model")
+
+    events = await _drain_async(wrapper) if async_mode else _drain_sync(wrapper)
+
+    message_delta = next(event for event in events if event["type"] == "message_delta")
+    assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "max_tokens"
+    assert "stop_details" not in message_delta["delta"]
+
+
 def _input_json_deltas(events: List[dict]) -> List[str]:
     return [
         e["delta"]["partial_json"]
diff --git a/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/test_responses_adapters_streaming_iterator.py b/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/test_responses_adapters_streaming_iterator.py
index aebbed88c70..d9df5df426a 100644
--- a/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/test_responses_adapters_streaming_iterator.py
+++ b/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/test_responses_adapters_streaming_iterator.py
@@ -34,6 +34,14 @@ def _drain_async(events: list) -> list:
     return asyncio.run(_run())
 
 
+def _drain_sync_upstream(events: list) -> list:
+    async def _run() -> list:
+        wrapper = AnthropicResponsesStreamWrapper(responses_stream=iter(events), model="m")
+        return [chunk async for chunk in wrapper]
+
+    return asyncio.run(_run())
+
+
 class TestMessageStartEmittedExactlyOnce:
     """The ``__anext__`` fallback emits ``message_start`` before consuming the
     stream, so ``_process_event`` must not emit a second one when
@@ -55,6 +63,15 @@ class TestMessageStartEmittedExactlyOnce:
         chunks = _drain_async([{"type": "response.created"}])
         assert chunks[0]["type"] == "message_start"
 
+    def test_sync_upstream_iterator_is_consumed(self):
+        chunks = _drain_sync_upstream(
+            [
+                {"type": "response.created"},
+                {"type": "response.output_text.delta", "item_id": "m1", "delta": "hi"},
+            ]
+        )
+        assert any(chunk.get("delta", {}).get("text") == "hi" for chunk in chunks)
+
 
 class TestProcessEventResponseCreatedGuard:
     """``_process_event`` must emit ``message_start`` exactly once even if
@@ -308,3 +325,60 @@ class TestResponseCompletedUsage:
             "cache_creation_input_tokens": 10,
             "cache_read_input_tokens": 4004,
         }
+
+
+class TestRefusalStreamEvents:
+    def test_refusal_event_sequence_emits_refusal_text_and_stop_details(self):
+        response = SimpleNamespace(
+            status="completed",
+            output=[{"type": "message", "content": [{"type": "refusal", "refusal": "I cannot fulfill this."}]}],
+            usage=None,
+        )
+        chunks = _process_all(
+            [
+                {"type": "response.created"},
+                {"type": "response.output_item.added", "item": {"type": "message", "id": "msg_1"}},
+                {"type": "response.refusal.delta", "item_id": "msg_1", "delta": "I cannot fulfill this."},
+                {"type": "response.output_item.done", "item": {"type": "message", "id": "msg_1"}},
+                {"type": "response.completed", "response": response},
+            ]
+        )
+        assert [chunk["type"] for chunk in chunks] == [
+            "message_start",
+            "content_block_start",
+            "content_block_delta",
+            "content_block_stop",
+            "message_delta",
+            "message_stop",
+        ]
+        assert chunks[2]["delta"] == {"type": "text_delta", "text": "I cannot fulfill this."}
+        assert chunks[4]["delta"] == {
+            "stop_reason": "refusal",
+            "stop_sequence": None,
+            "stop_details": {
+                "type": "refusal",
+                "category": None,
+                "explanation": "I cannot fulfill this.",
+            },
+        }
+
+    def test_response_completed_with_refusal_sets_stop_reason_refusal(self):
+        response = SimpleNamespace(
+            status="completed",
+            output=[{"type": "message", "content": [{"type": "refusal", "refusal": "Policy violation"}]}],
+            usage=None,
+        )
+        chunks = _process_all([{"type": "response.completed", "response": response}])
+        message_delta = next(c for c in chunks if c["type"] == "message_delta")
+        assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "refusal"
+
+    def test_incomplete_status_takes_precedence_over_refusal(self):
+        response = SimpleNamespace(
+            status="incomplete",
+            output=[{"type": "message", "content": [{"type": "refusal", "refusal": "Partial refusal"}]}],
+            usage=None,
+        )
+        chunks = _process_all([{"type": "response.incomplete", "response": response}])
+        message_delta = next(c for c in chunks if c["type"] == "message_delta")
+        assert message_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "max_tokens"
+        assert "stop_details" not in message_delta["delta"]
diff --git a/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/test_responses_adapters_transformation.py b/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/test_responses_adapters_transformation.py
index 0b2a9e655fd..9f8414afa38 100644
--- a/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/test_responses_adapters_transformation.py
+++ b/tests/test_litellm/llms/anthropic/experimental_pass_through/responses_adapters/test_responses_adapters_transformation.py
@@ -147,9 +147,7 @@ class TestOutputConfigStructuredOutput:
 
     def test_output_config_format_explicit_strict_true_is_preserved(self):
         """Nested output_config.format with explicit strict=True is preserved."""
-        req = _make_request(
-            output_config={"format": {"type": "json_schema", "schema": self._SCHEMA, "strict": True}}
-        )
+        req = _make_request(output_config={"format": {"type": "json_schema", "schema": self._SCHEMA, "strict": True}})
         kwargs = _ADAPTER.translate_request(req)
         assert kwargs["text"]["format"]["strict"] is True
 
@@ -1207,6 +1205,18 @@ def _make_output_message(texts: List[str]) -> MagicMock:
     return msg
 
 
+def _make_refusal_message(refusal_text: str):
+    from openai.types.responses import ResponseOutputMessage, ResponseOutputRefusal
+
+    return ResponseOutputMessage(
+        id="msg_refusal",
+        content=[ResponseOutputRefusal(type="refusal", refusal=refusal_text)],
+        role="assistant",
+        status="completed",
+        type="message",
+    )
+
+
 def _make_function_call_item(call_id: str, name: str, arguments: str) -> MagicMock:
     """Build a mock ResponseFunctionToolCall."""
     from openai.types.responses import ResponseFunctionToolCall  # type: ignore[import]
@@ -1280,6 +1290,41 @@ class TestTranslateResponse:
         result: Any = _ADAPTER.translate_response(response)
         assert result["stop_reason"] == "end_turn"
 
+    def test_refusal_part_becomes_text_block_and_sets_stop_reason_refusal(self):
+        response = _make_mock_response(output=[_make_refusal_message("I cannot fulfill this request.")])
+        result: Any = _ADAPTER.translate_response(response)
+        assert len(result["content"]) == 1
+        assert result["content"][0]["type"] == "text"
+        assert result["content"][0]["text"] == "I cannot fulfill this request."
+        assert result["stop_reason"] == "refusal"
+        assert result.get("stop_details") == {
+            "type": "refusal",
+            "category": None,
+            "explanation": "I cannot fulfill this request.",
+        }
+
+    def test_dict_refusal_part_in_message_becomes_text_block(self):
+        output_item = {
+            "type": "message",
+            "content": [{"type": "refusal", "refusal": "Refused by policy"}],
+        }
+        response = _make_mock_response(output=[output_item])
+        result: Any = _ADAPTER.translate_response(response)
+        assert len(result["content"]) == 1
+        assert result["content"][0]["type"] == "text"
+        assert result["content"][0]["text"] == "Refused by policy"
+        assert result["stop_reason"] == "refusal"
+        assert result.get("stop_details", {}).get("explanation") == "Refused by policy"
+
+    def test_incomplete_status_takes_precedence_over_refusal(self):
+        response = _make_mock_response(
+            output=[_make_refusal_message("Partial refusal")],
+            status="incomplete",
+        )
+        result: Any = _ADAPTER.translate_response(response)
+        assert result["stop_reason"] == "max_tokens"
+        assert result.get("stop_details") is None
+
     def test_incomplete_status_sets_max_tokens(self):
         """status='incomplete' overrides stop_reason to 'max_tokens'."""
         response = _make_mock_response(
@@ -1338,9 +1383,7 @@ class TestTranslateResponse:
             ]
         )
         result: Any = _ADAPTER.translate_response(response)
-        assert result["content"] == [
-            {"type": "thinking", "thinking": "Weighing the options.", "signature": None}
-        ]
+        assert result["content"] == [{"type": "thinking", "thinking": "Weighing the options.", "signature": None}]
 
     def test_thinking_blocks_are_dropped_when_replayed_to_anthropic(self):
         """Replaying this turn to an Anthropic model must not send a signature it cannot verify."""
@@ -1483,9 +1526,7 @@ class TestToolResultImages:
             },
             {
                 "role": "user",
-                "content": [
-                    {"type": "tool_result", "tool_use_id": "toolu_01", "content": tool_result_content}
-                ],
+                "content": [{"type": "tool_result", "tool_use_id": "toolu_01", "content": tool_result_content}],
             },
         ]
 
@@ -1632,9 +1673,7 @@ class TestToolResultDocuments:
             },
             {
                 "role": "user",
-                "content": [
-                    {"type": "tool_result", "tool_use_id": "toolu_01", "content": tool_result_content}
-                ],
+                "content": [{"type": "tool_result", "tool_use_id": "toolu_01", "content": tool_result_content}],
             },
         ]
 
@@ -1667,9 +1706,7 @@ class TestToolResultDocuments:
 
     def test_document_title_becomes_filename(self):
         output = self._tool_output(self._translate([self._base64_document(title="quarterly-report.pdf")]))
-        assert output == [
-            {"type": "input_file", "filename": "quarterly-report.pdf", "file_data": self.PDF_DATA_URI}
-        ]
+        assert output == [{"type": "input_file", "filename": "quarterly-report.pdf", "file_data": self.PDF_DATA_URI}]
 
     def test_url_document_becomes_file_url_part(self):
         output = self._tool_output(
@@ -1778,9 +1815,7 @@ class TestUserContentDocuments:
 
     def test_document_title_becomes_filename(self):
         content = self._user_content(self._translate([self._base64_document(title="quarterly-report.pdf")]))
-        assert content == [
-            {"type": "input_file", "filename": "quarterly-report.pdf", "file_data": self.PDF_DATA_URI}
-        ]
+        assert content == [{"type": "input_file", "filename": "quarterly-report.pdf", "file_data": self.PDF_DATA_URI}]
 
     def test_url_document_becomes_file_url_part(self):
         content = self._user_content(
@@ -1810,9 +1845,7 @@ class TestUserContentDocuments:
         assert content == [{"type": "input_text", "text": "still here"}]
 
     def test_document_breakpoint_rides_on_the_file_part(self):
-        content = self._user_content(
-            self._translate([self._base64_document(prompt_cache_breakpoint=self.EXPLICIT)])
-        )
+        content = self._user_content(self._translate([self._base64_document(prompt_cache_breakpoint=self.EXPLICIT)]))
         assert content == [
             {
                 "type": "input_file",
@@ -1859,7 +1892,9 @@ class TestPromptCacheBreakpointToResponses:
         ]
 
     def test_system_without_breakpoint_still_becomes_instructions(self):
-        request = _make_request(system=[{"type": "text", "text": "Be concise."}, {"type": "text", "text": "Be helpful."}])
+        request = _make_request(
+            system=[{"type": "text", "text": "Be concise."}, {"type": "text", "text": "Be helpful."}]
+        )
         kwargs = _ADAPTER.translate_request(request)
         assert kwargs["instructions"] == "Be concise.\nBe helpful."
         assert kwargs["input"] == [