diff --git a/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/catalog.py b/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/catalog.py
index d3123dc49f0..5e6e81504c6 100644
--- a/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/catalog.py
+++ b/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/catalog.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import hashlib
 import json
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from collections import UserDict
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from contextvars import ContextVar
 from dataclasses import dataclass, replace
@@ -27,12 +28,23 @@ _P = ParamSpec("_P")
 _R = TypeVar("_R")
 
 
+class _OperationRoutes(UserDict[str, str]):
+    def __init__(self, initial: Mapping[str, str]) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.data = dict(initial)
+        self.written_names: set[str] = set()  # mutable-ok: record route writes without copying the journal per tool
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name: str, owner: str) -> None:
+        self.data[name] = owner
+        self.written_names.add(name)
+
+
 @dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
 class CatalogSnapshot:
     servers: Mapping[str, MCPServer]
     identity: str
     tools: Mapping[str, MCPTool]
-    routing: dict[str, str]  # mutable-ok: tool routes are remapped in place through this snapshot's live dict
+    routing: MutableMapping[str, str]
 
 
 def _configuration_identity(server: MCPServer) -> str:
@@ -96,7 +108,7 @@ class TargetCatalog:
         scoped: Final = self._operation.get()
         return scoped[0] if scoped is not None and not scoped[1].is_set() else None
 
-    def routing(self) -> dict[str, str]:  # mutable-ok: returns the live routing dict that callers remap in place
+    def routing(self) -> MutableMapping[str, str]:
         staged: Final = self._staged_routing.get()
         if staged is not None and not staged[1].is_set():
             return staged[0]
@@ -166,10 +178,11 @@ class TargetCatalog:
 
         shared: Final = await self._fresh_snapshot()
         initial_routing: Final = self._unchanged_routing(shared.servers, self.manager.published_tool_routes)
+        routing: Final = _OperationRoutes(initial_routing)
         snapshot: Final = replace(
             shared,
             servers=MappingProxyType({key: value.model_copy(deep=True) for key, value in shared.servers.items()}),
-            routing=dict(initial_routing),
+            routing=routing,
         )
         closed: Final = asyncio.Event()
         token: Final = self._operation.set((snapshot, closed))
@@ -179,12 +192,12 @@ class TargetCatalog:
         finally:
             closed.set()
             self._operation.reset(token)
-            self._retain_discovered_routing(snapshot, initial_routing)
+            self._retain_discovered_routing(snapshot, frozenset(routing.written_names))
 
-    def _retain_discovered_routing(self, snapshot: CatalogSnapshot, initial_routing: Mapping[str, str]) -> None:
+    def _retain_discovered_routing(self, snapshot: CatalogSnapshot, written_names: frozenset[str]) -> None:
         self.manager.published_tool_routes = self.manager.published_tool_routes | self._unchanged_routing(
             snapshot.servers,
-            {name: owner for name, owner in snapshot.routing.items() if initial_routing.get(name) != owner},
+            {name: owner for name, owner in snapshot.routing.items() if name in written_names},
         )
 
     def _unchanged_routing(
diff --git a/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/mcp_server_manager.py b/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/mcp_server_manager.py
index 9623ad2a2b6..10959ad6673 100644
--- a/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/mcp_server_manager.py
+++ b/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/mcp_server_manager.py
@@ -2417,7 +2417,7 @@ class MCPServerManager:
     @property
     def tool_name_to_mcp_server_name_mapping(
         self,
-    ) -> dict[str, str]:  # mutable-ok: callers remap tool routes through this dict
+    ) -> MutableMapping[str, str]:
         return self.catalog.routing()
 
     @tool_name_to_mcp_server_name_mapping.setter
diff --git a/tests/unit/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/test_mcp_server_manager.py b/tests/unit/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/test_mcp_server_manager.py
index 2b1fe5e88c7..54d24730637 100644
--- a/tests/unit/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/test_mcp_server_manager.py
+++ b/tests/unit/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/test_mcp_server_manager.py
@@ -16716,6 +16716,28 @@ async def test_catalog_delete_drops_derived_tool_mapping(monkeypatch):
     assert not await manager.catalog.list()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("rediscover", [False, True])
+async def test_catalog_publishes_rediscovered_routes_despite_concurrent_owner_change(monkeypatch, rediscover):
+    from mcp.types import Tool
+    from litellm.proxy import proxy_server
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(proxy_server, "prisma_client", None)
+    manager = MCPServerManager()
+    selected = MCPServer(server_id="selected", name="selected", transport=MCPTransport.http)
+    competing = MCPServer(server_id="competing", name="competing", transport=MCPTransport.http)
+    manager.config_mcp_servers = {server.server_id: server for server in (selected, competing)}
+    manager.published_tool_routes = {"shared_tool": selected.name}
+    async with manager.catalog.operation():
+        manager.published_tool_routes["shared_tool"] = competing.name
+        if rediscover:
+            manager._create_prefixed_tools([Tool(name="shared_tool", input_schema={})], selected)
+        assert manager._get_mcp_server_from_tool_name("shared_tool").server_id == selected.server_id
+    async with manager.catalog.operation():
+        expected = selected if rediscover else competing
+        assert manager._get_mcp_server_from_tool_name("shared_tool").server_id == expected.server_id
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("anchored", [False, True])
 async def test_catalog_reload_preserves_concurrent_config_discovery_and_routes(anchored):