diff --git a/litellm/llms/anthropic/wif.py b/litellm/llms/anthropic/wif.py
index ccb81c1244f..d2bf3e893af 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/anthropic/wif.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/anthropic/wif.py
@@ -552,9 +552,12 @@ def _resolve_assertion_ref(litellm_params: Mapping[str, object] | None) -> str |
     file_env: Final = _env_str("ANTHROPIC_IDENTITY_TOKEN_FILE")
     if file_env is not None:
         return f"oidc/file/{file_env}"
-    if _env_str(_INLINE_ENV_VAR) is not None:
-        return f"oidc/env/{_INLINE_ENV_VAR}"
-    return None
+    inline_env: Final = _env_str(_INLINE_ENV_VAR)
+    if inline_env is None:
+        return None
+    if inline_env.startswith(_ACCEPTED_REF_PREFIX):
+        return _validated_inline_ref(inline_env)
+    return f"oidc/env/{_INLINE_ENV_VAR}"
 
 
 def _validated_inline_ref(value: str) -> str:
diff --git a/litellm/llms/base_llm/auth/token_exchange.py b/litellm/llms/base_llm/auth/token_exchange.py
index ce0e3c45639..5b2ab86dd53 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/base_llm/auth/token_exchange.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/base_llm/auth/token_exchange.py
@@ -292,8 +292,12 @@ def _cache_key(spec: TokenExchangeSpec) -> str:
 def _shares_one_assertion_across_workers(spec: TokenExchangeSpec) -> bool:
     """The store exists so the workers reading one projected token file don't each spend that file's
     single-use ``jti``. A source that mints its own assertion per exchange shares nothing with another
-    worker, so it never reads the store, never finds a hit there, and keeps its minted token off disk."""
-    return spec.assertion_source is None
+    worker, and a Google metadata-server token carries no ``jti`` (Anthropic only enforces single use on
+    assertions that do), so a stored token would only hand a mandatory refresh back the token it is
+    replacing. Neither reads the store, finds a hit there, or puts its minted token on disk."""
+    from litellm.secret_managers.main import GOOGLE_OIDC_SECRET_PREFIX
+
+    return spec.assertion_source is None and not spec.assertion_ref.startswith(GOOGLE_OIDC_SECRET_PREFIX)
 
 
 def _assertion_digest(assertion: SecretStr) -> str:
diff --git a/tests/unit/llms/anthropic/test_anthropic_wif.py b/tests/unit/llms/anthropic/test_anthropic_wif.py
index 733e1472a8a..acaa7c7c8bf 100644
--- a/tests/unit/llms/anthropic/test_anthropic_wif.py
+++ b/tests/unit/llms/anthropic/test_anthropic_wif.py
@@ -452,6 +452,31 @@ class TestResolutionMatrix:
         assert params.service_account_id is None
         assert params.workspace_id is None
 
+    def test_env_inline_oidc_reference_resolves_like_the_param(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ANTHROPIC_FEDERATION_RULE_ID", "fdrl_env")
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ANTHROPIC_ORGANIZATION_ID", "org-env")
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ANTHROPIC_IDENTITY_TOKEN", "oidc/google/https://api.anthropic.com")
+        poster = ScriptedPoster([token_response()])
+        engine = JwtBearerTokenExchangeEngine(
+            poster=poster,
+            assertion_reader={"oidc/google/https://api.anthropic.com": "google-id-token"}.get,
+            clock=FakeClock(),
+            refresh_executor=ManualExecutor(),
+        )
+
+        token = get_anthropic_wif_token(None, None, "claude-opus-4-6", engine)
+
+        assert token == "sk-ant-oat01-minted"
+        assert [request.json_body()["assertion"] for request in poster.requests] == ["google-id-token"]
+
+    def test_env_inline_env_path_reference_is_rejected(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ANTHROPIC_FEDERATION_RULE_ID", "fdrl_env")
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ANTHROPIC_ORGANIZATION_ID", "org-env")
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ANTHROPIC_IDENTITY_TOKEN", "oidc/env_path/ANTHROPIC_TOKEN_PATH")
+
+        with pytest.raises(litellm.AuthenticationError):
+            resolve_anthropic_wif_params(None)
+
     def test_file_param_beats_inline_param(self):
         params = resolve_anthropic_wif_params(
             {
diff --git a/tests/unit/llms/base_llm/auth/test_shared_token_store.py b/tests/unit/llms/base_llm/auth/test_shared_token_store.py
index 298e61c4c79..5acea09d296 100644
--- a/tests/unit/llms/base_llm/auth/test_shared_token_store.py
+++ b/tests/unit/llms/base_llm/auth/test_shared_token_store.py
@@ -111,6 +111,44 @@ def test_a_minted_assertion_never_reaches_the_shared_store(tmp_path: Path):
     assert second.access_token.get_secret_value() != first.access_token.get_secret_value()
 
 
+def test_a_google_metadata_assertion_is_exchanged_again_inside_the_mandatory_window(tmp_path: Path):
+    """A Google metadata-server token carries no ``jti``, so Anthropic exchanges it as often as asked. The
+    store used to answer a mandatory refresh with the stored token minted from that same assertion, which
+    was the 20-seconds-left token the refresh existed to replace."""
+    poster = ScriptedPoster([token_response("sk-ant-oat01-first", expires_in=600), token_response("sk-ant-oat01-second")])
+    clock = FakeClock()
+    google_ref = "oidc/google/https://api.anthropic.com"
+    engine = store_engine(
+        poster, FileTokenStore(tmp_path), reader={google_ref: "google-id-token"}, clock=clock, wall_clock=clock
+    )
+    spec = make_spec(assertion_ref=google_ref)
+
+    first = minted(engine.get_token(spec))
+    clock.advance(580.0)
+    refreshed = minted(engine.get_token(spec))
+
+    assert refreshed.access_token.get_secret_value() == "sk-ant-oat01-second"
+    assert refreshed.expires_at - clock.now == pytest.approx(3600.0), (first.expires_at, refreshed.expires_at)
+    assert [request.json_body()["assertion"] for request in poster.requests] == ["google-id-token", "google-id-token"]
+    assert stored_files(tmp_path) == [], "a re-exchangeable assertion has no token to share across workers"
+
+
+def test_a_token_file_assertion_still_serves_the_stored_token_inside_the_mandatory_window(tmp_path: Path):
+    """The projected token file is the case the store was built for: with the file unrotated, a second
+    exchange would only be refused as ``jti_reused``, so the stored token keeps serving until it dies."""
+    poster = SingleUsePoster(expires_in=600)
+    clock = FakeClock()
+    store = FileTokenStore(tmp_path)
+    engine = store_engine(poster, store, clock=clock, wall_clock=clock)
+
+    first = minted(engine.get_token(make_spec()))
+    clock.advance(580.0)
+    served = minted(store_engine(poster, store, clock=clock, wall_clock=clock).get_token(make_spec()))
+
+    assert served.access_token.get_secret_value() == first.access_token.get_secret_value()
+    assert len(poster.requests) == 1
+
+
 def test_a_failed_write_leaves_no_staging_file_holding_a_live_token(tmp_path: Path):
     """Nothing ever sweeps this directory, so a staging file a failed write leaves behind would keep a
     working token readable on disk for as long as the pod lives."""