diff --git a/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/server.py b/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/server.py
index 57eb63752f5..31df1a31b91 100644
--- a/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/server.py
+++ b/litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/server.py
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ if MCP_AVAILABLE:
         now: Optional[float] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Terminate expired stateful sessions and drop their auth contexts."""
-        now = now or time.monotonic()
+        now = time.monotonic() if now is None else now
         server_instances = getattr(session_manager_stateful, "_server_instances", {})
         expired_session_ids = []
         for session_id, last_seen in _stateful_session_auth_context_last_seen.items():
@@ -2684,8 +2684,8 @@ if MCP_AVAILABLE:
     ) -> str:
         """
         Stable, non-reversible identifier for the caller used to bind an
-        mcp-session-id to its creator. ``api_key`` on UserAPIKeyAuth is
-        already hashed at construction time, so we can use it directly.
+        mcp-session-id to its creator. Hash the resolved credential before
+        using it so custom key formats are never stored in cleartext.
 
         For OAuth2 passthrough (``UserAPIKeyAuth()`` with no key/user_id),
         the caller's identity is the upstream OAuth bearer; hash it so two
@@ -2701,7 +2701,10 @@ if MCP_AVAILABLE:
         """
         if user_api_key_auth is not None:
             if user_api_key_auth.api_key:
-                return f"key:{user_api_key_auth.api_key}"
+                api_key_hash = hashlib.sha256(
+                    user_api_key_auth.api_key.encode("utf-8")
+                ).hexdigest()
+                return f"key:{api_key_hash}"
             if user_api_key_auth.user_id:
                 return f"user:{user_api_key_auth.user_id}"
         if oauth2_headers:
diff --git a/tests/test_litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/test_mcp_server.py b/tests/test_litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/test_mcp_server.py
index fb400d8cc39..49f95575bf1 100644
--- a/tests/test_litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/test_mcp_server.py
+++ b/tests/test_litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/test_mcp_server.py
@@ -1476,6 +1476,45 @@ async def test_stateful_mcp_auth_contexts_do_not_expire_active_sessions():
         mcp_server._stateful_session_active_request_counts.pop(session_id, None)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_stateful_mcp_auth_context_cleanup_respects_zero_now():
+    """Explicit now=0 should be used as-is instead of falling back to monotonic."""
+    try:
+        from litellm.proxy._experimental.mcp_server import server as mcp_server
+    except ImportError:
+        pytest.skip("MCP server not available")
+
+    session_id = "zero-now-stateful-session"
+    auth_user = UserAPIKeyAuth(api_key="zero-now-key", user_id="zero-now-user")
+    transport = MagicMock()
+    transport.terminate = AsyncMock()
+
+    mcp_server._stateful_session_auth_contexts[session_id] = auth_user
+    mcp_server._stateful_session_auth_context_last_seen[session_id] = 0.0
+
+    try:
+        with (
+            patch.object(
+                mcp_server.session_manager_stateful,
+                "_server_instances",
+                {session_id: transport},
+            ),
+            patch.object(
+                mcp_server.time,
+                "monotonic",
+                return_value=mcp_server._STATEFUL_SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS + 1,
+            ),
+        ):
+            await mcp_server._purge_expired_stateful_session_auth_contexts(now=0.0)
+
+        assert session_id in mcp_server._stateful_session_auth_contexts
+        assert session_id in mcp_server._stateful_session_auth_context_last_seen
+        transport.terminate.assert_not_awaited()
+    finally:
+        mcp_server._stateful_session_auth_contexts.pop(session_id, None)
+        mcp_server._stateful_session_auth_context_last_seen.pop(session_id, None)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_owner_fingerprint_distinguishes_oauth_callers():
     """
@@ -1517,6 +1556,26 @@ async def test_owner_fingerprint_distinguishes_oauth_callers():
     assert "10.0.0.1" not in fp_ip_a
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_owner_fingerprint_hashes_custom_api_keys():
+    """Custom API key formats should not appear in owner fingerprints."""
+    try:
+        from litellm.proxy._experimental.mcp_server.server import (
+            _owner_fingerprint_for,
+        )
+    except ImportError:
+        pytest.skip("MCP server not available")
+
+    auth = UserAPIKeyAuth(api_key="custom-master-key")
+    fp = _owner_fingerprint_for(auth)
+    fp_again = _owner_fingerprint_for(auth)
+
+    assert fp == fp_again
+    assert fp.startswith("key:")
+    assert "custom-master-key" not in fp
+    assert fp != "key:custom-master-key"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_stateful_mcp_session_owner_mismatch_returns_403():
     """