featurebase/server.go

// Copyright 2022 Molecula Corp. (DBA FeatureBase).
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
package pilosa

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	uuid "github.com/satori/go.uuid"

	"github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/disco"
	"github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/logger"
	pnet "github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/net"
	rbfcfg "github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/rbf/cfg"
	"github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/roaring"
	"github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/sql3"
	"github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/sql3/parser"
	planner_types "github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/sql3/planner/types"
	"github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/stats"
	"github.com/featurebasedb/featurebase/v3/storage"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"

	_ "github.com/lib/pq"
)

// Default server settings.
const (
	defaultDiagnosticServer = "https://diagnostics.pilosa.com/v0/diagnostics"
)

// Ensure Server implements interfaces.
var _ broadcaster = &Server{}

// Server represents a holder wrapped by a running HTTP server.
type Server struct { // nolint: maligned
	// Close management.
	wg      sync.WaitGroup
	muWG    sync.Mutex
	closing chan struct{}

	// Internal
	holder           *Holder
	cluster          *cluster
	diagnostics      *diagnosticsCollector
	executor         *executor
	executorPoolSize int
	serializer       Serializer

	// Distributed Consensus
	disCo   disco.DisCo
	noder   disco.Noder
	sharder disco.Sharder

	// External
	systemInfo  SystemInfo
	gcNotifier  GCNotifier
	logger      logger.Logger
	queryLogger logger.Logger

	nodeID               string
	uri                  pnet.URI
	grpcURI              pnet.URI
	antiEntropyInterval  time.Duration
	metricInterval       time.Duration
	diagnosticInterval   time.Duration
	viewsRemovalInterval time.Duration
	maxWritesPerRequest  int
	confirmDownSleep     time.Duration
	confirmDownRetries   int
	syncer               holderSyncer
	maxQueryMemory       int64

	translationSyncer      TranslationSyncer
	resetTranslationSyncCh chan struct{}
	// HolderConfig stashes server options that are really Holder options.
	holderConfig *HolderConfig

	defaultClient *InternalClient
	dataDir       string

	// Threshold for logging long-running queries
	longQueryTime      time.Duration
	queryHistoryLength int

	executionPlannerFn ExecutionPlannerFn
}

type ExecutionPlannerFn func(executor Executor, api *API, sql string) sql3.CompilePlanner

// Holder returns the holder for server.
func (s *Server) Holder() *Holder {
	return s.holder
}

// addToWaitGroup adds to the server WaitGroup but makes sure the server isn't
// closing, and that the WaitGroup is not already waiting before it adds
func (s *Server) addToWaitGroup(delta int) bool {
	select {
	case <-s.closing:
		return false
	default:
		s.muWG.Lock()
		defer s.muWG.Unlock()
		select {
		case <-s.closing:
			// if we're closing after having gotten the lock, stop!!
			return false
		default:
			s.wg.Add(delta)
			return true
		}
	}
}

// ServerOption is a functional option type for pilosa.Server
type ServerOption func(s *Server) error

// OptServerLogger is a functional option on Server
// used to set the logger.
func OptServerLogger(l logger.Logger) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.logger = l
		s.holderConfig.Logger = l
		return nil
	}
}

func OptServerQueryLogger(l logger.Logger) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.queryLogger = l
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerReplicaN is a functional option on Server
// used to set the number of replicas.
func OptServerReplicaN(n int) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.cluster.ReplicaN = n
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerDataDir is a functional option on Server
// used to set the data directory.
func OptServerDataDir(dir string) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.dataDir = dir
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerAntiEntropyInterval is a functional option on Server
// used to set the anti-entropy interval.
func OptServerAntiEntropyInterval(interval time.Duration) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.antiEntropyInterval = interval
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerViewsRemovalInterval is a functional option on Server
// used to set the ttl removal interval.
func OptServerViewsRemovalInterval(interval time.Duration) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.viewsRemovalInterval = interval
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerLongQueryTime is a functional option on Server
// used to set long query duration.
func OptServerLongQueryTime(dur time.Duration) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.longQueryTime = dur
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerMaxWritesPerRequest is a functional option on Server
// used to set the maximum number of writes allowed per request.
func OptServerMaxWritesPerRequest(n int) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.maxWritesPerRequest = n
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerMetricInterval is a functional option on Server
// used to set the interval between metric samples.
func OptServerMetricInterval(dur time.Duration) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.metricInterval = dur
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerSystemInfo is a functional option on Server
// used to set the system information source.
func OptServerSystemInfo(si SystemInfo) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.systemInfo = si
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerGCNotifier is a functional option on Server
// used to set the garbage collection notification source.
func OptServerGCNotifier(gcn GCNotifier) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.gcNotifier = gcn
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerInternalClient is a functional option on Server
// used to set the implementation of InternalClient.
func OptServerInternalClient(c *InternalClient) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.defaultClient = c
		s.cluster.InternalClient = c
		return nil
	}
}

func OptServerExecutorPoolSize(size int) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.executorPoolSize = size
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerPrimaryTranslateStore has been deprecated.
func OptServerPrimaryTranslateStore(store TranslateStore) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.logger.Infof("DEPRECATED: OptServerPrimaryTranslateStore")
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerStatsClient is a functional option on Server
// used to specify the stats client.
func OptServerStatsClient(sc stats.StatsClient) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.holderConfig.StatsClient = sc
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerDiagnosticsInterval is a functional option on Server
// used to specify the duration between diagnostic checks.
func OptServerDiagnosticsInterval(dur time.Duration) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.diagnosticInterval = dur
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerNodeDownRetries is a functional option on Server
// used to specify the retries and sleep duration for node down
// checks.
func OptServerNodeDownRetries(retries int, sleep time.Duration) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.confirmDownRetries = retries
		s.confirmDownSleep = sleep
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerURI is a functional option on Server
// used to set the server URI.
func OptServerURI(uri *pnet.URI) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.uri = *uri
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerGRPCURI is a functional option on Server
// used to set the server gRPC URI.
func OptServerGRPCURI(uri *pnet.URI) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.grpcURI = *uri
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerClusterName sets the human-readable cluster name.
func OptServerClusterName(name string) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.cluster.Name = name
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerSerializer is a functional option on Server
// used to set the serializer.
func OptServerSerializer(ser Serializer) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.serializer = ser
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerNodeID is a functional option on Server
// used to set the server node ID.
func OptServerNodeID(nodeID string) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.nodeID = nodeID
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerClusterHasher is a functional option on Server
// used to specify the consistent hash algorithm for data
// location within the cluster.
func OptServerClusterHasher(h disco.Hasher) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.cluster.Hasher = h
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerOpenTranslateStore is a functional option on Server
// used to specify the translation data store type.
func OptServerOpenTranslateStore(fn OpenTranslateStoreFunc) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.holderConfig.OpenTranslateStore = fn
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerOpenIDAllocator is a functional option on Server
// used to specify the ID allocator data store type.
// Except not really (because there's only one at this time).
func OptServerOpenIDAllocator(fn OpenIDAllocatorFunc) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.holderConfig.OpenIDAllocator = fn
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerOpenTranslateReader is a functional option on Server
// used to specify the remote translation data reader.
func OptServerOpenTranslateReader(fn OpenTranslateReaderFunc) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.holderConfig.OpenTranslateReader = fn
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerStorageConfig is a functional option on Server used to specify the
// transactional-storage backend to use, resulting in RoaringTx or RbfTx
// being used for all Tx interface calls.
func OptServerStorageConfig(cfg *storage.Config) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.holderConfig.StorageConfig = cfg
		// For historical reasons, RBF's config can ignore the storage config
		// in some cases.
		s.holderConfig.RBFConfig.FsyncEnabled = s.holderConfig.StorageConfig.FsyncEnabled
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerRBFConfig conveys the RBF flags to the Holder.
func OptServerRBFConfig(cfg *rbfcfg.Config) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.holderConfig.RBFConfig = cfg
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerQueryHistoryLength is a functional option on Server
// used to specify the length of the query history buffer that maintains
// the information returned at /query-history.
func OptServerQueryHistoryLength(length int) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.queryHistoryLength = length
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerMaxQueryMemory sets the memory used per Extract() and SELECT query.
func OptServerMaxQueryMemory(v int64) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.maxQueryMemory = v
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerDisCo is a functional option on Server
// used to set the Distributed Consensus implementation.
func OptServerDisCo(disCo disco.DisCo,
	noder disco.Noder,
	sharder disco.Sharder,
	schemator disco.Schemator) ServerOption {

	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.disCo = disCo
		s.noder = noder
		s.sharder = sharder
		s.holderConfig.Schemator = schemator
		return nil
	}
}

// OptServerLookupDB configures a connection to an external postgres database for ExternalLookup queries.
func OptServerLookupDB(dsn string) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.holderConfig.LookupDBDSN = dsn
		return nil
	}
}

func OptServerPartitionAssigner(p string) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.cluster.partitionAssigner = p
		return nil
	}
}

func OptServerExecutionPlannerFn(fn ExecutionPlannerFn) ServerOption {
	return func(s *Server) error {
		s.executionPlannerFn = fn
		return nil
	}
}

// NewServer returns a new instance of Server.
func NewServer(opts ...ServerOption) (*Server, error) {
	cluster := newCluster()

	s := &Server{
		closing:       make(chan struct{}),
		cluster:       cluster,
		diagnostics:   newDiagnosticsCollector(defaultDiagnosticServer),
		systemInfo:    newNopSystemInfo(),
		defaultClient: &InternalClient{}, // TODO may need to make this a valid thing

		gcNotifier: NopGCNotifier,

		antiEntropyInterval:  0,
		metricInterval:       0,
		diagnosticInterval:   0,
		viewsRemovalInterval: time.Hour,

		disCo:      disco.NopDisCo,
		noder:      disco.NewEmptyLocalNoder(),
		sharder:    disco.NopSharder,
		serializer: NopSerializer,

		confirmDownRetries: defaultConfirmDownRetries,
		confirmDownSleep:   defaultConfirmDownSleep,

		resetTranslationSyncCh: make(chan struct{}, 1),

		logger: logger.NopLogger,

		executionPlannerFn: func(e Executor, a *API, s string) sql3.CompilePlanner {
			return sql3.NewNopCompilePlanner()
		},
	}
	s.cluster.InternalClient = s.defaultClient

	s.translationSyncer = newActiveTranslationSyncer(s.resetTranslationSyncCh)
	s.cluster.translationSyncer = s.translationSyncer

	s.diagnostics.server = s
	s.holderConfig = DefaultHolderConfig()
	s.holderConfig.TranslationSyncer = s.translationSyncer
	s.holderConfig.Logger = s.logger

	for _, opt := range opts {
		err := opt(s)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "applying option")
		}
	}
	s.holderConfig.AntiEntropyInterval = s.antiEntropyInterval

	memTotal, err := s.systemInfo.MemTotal()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "mem total")
	}

	// Default memory to 20% of total.
	maxQueryMemory := s.maxQueryMemory
	if maxQueryMemory == 0 {
		maxQueryMemory = int64(float64(memTotal) * .20)
	}

	// set up executor after server opts have been processed
	executorOpts := []executorOption{
		optExecutorInternalQueryClient(s.defaultClient),
		optExecutorMaxMemory(maxQueryMemory),
	}
	if s.executorPoolSize > 0 {
		executorOpts = append(executorOpts, optExecutorWorkerPoolSize(s.executorPoolSize))
	}
	s.executor = newExecutor(executorOpts...)

	path, err := expandDirName(s.dataDir)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	s.holder = NewHolder(path, s.holderConfig)
	s.holder.Stats.SetLogger(s.logger)
	cwd, err := os.Getwd()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	s.holder.Logger.Infof("cwd: %v", cwd)
	s.holder.Logger.Infof("cmd line: %v", strings.Join(os.Args, " "))

	s.cluster.Path = path
	s.cluster.logger = s.logger
	s.cluster.holder = s.holder
	s.cluster.disCo = s.disCo
	s.cluster.noder = s.noder
	s.cluster.sharder = s.sharder

	// Append the NodeID tag to stats.
	s.holder.Stats = s.holder.Stats.WithTags(fmt.Sprintf("node_id:%s", s.nodeID))

	s.executor.Holder = s.holder
	s.holder.executor = s.executor
	s.executor.Cluster = s.cluster
	s.executor.MaxWritesPerRequest = s.maxWritesPerRequest
	s.cluster.broadcaster = s
	s.cluster.maxWritesPerRequest = s.maxWritesPerRequest
	s.cluster.confirmDownRetries = s.confirmDownRetries
	s.cluster.confirmDownSleep = s.confirmDownSleep
	s.holder.broadcaster = s
	s.holder.sharder = s.sharder
	s.holder.serializer = s.serializer

	// Initial stats must be invoked after the executor obtains reference to the holder.
	s.executor.InitStats()

	return s, nil
}

func (s *Server) InternalClient() *InternalClient {
	return s.defaultClient
}

func (s *Server) GRPCURI() pnet.URI {
	return s.grpcURI
}

func (s *Server) SetAPI(api *API) {
	s.defaultClient.SetInternalAPI(api)
}

// UpAndDown brings the server up minimally and shuts it down
// again; basically, it exists for testing holder open and close.
func (s *Server) UpAndDown() error {
	// Log startup
	err := s.holder.logStartup()
	if err != nil {
		log.Println(errors.Wrap(err, "logging startup"))
	}
	s.logger.Infof("open server. PID %v", os.Getpid())
	if err = s.Open(); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "starting server")
	}
	err = s.Close()
	return errors.Wrap(err, "shutting down server")
}

// Open opens and initializes the server.
func (s *Server) Open() error {
	s.logger.Infof("open server. PID %v", os.Getpid())

	// Log startup
	err := s.holder.logStartup()
	if err != nil {
		log.Println(errors.Wrap(err, "logging startup"))
	}

	// Start DisCo.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 120*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	initState, err := s.disCo.Start(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "starting DisCo")
	}
	// I'm pretty sure this can't happen, because the path that would have led to it
	// happening now generates an error already, but let's be careful.
	if initState == disco.InitialClusterStateExisting {
		return errors.New("disco reports existing cluster, but this is not supported")
	}

	// Set node ID.
	s.nodeID = s.disCo.ID()

	node := &disco.Node{
		ID:        s.nodeID,
		URI:       s.uri,
		GRPCURI:   s.grpcURI,
		State:     disco.NodeStateUnknown,
		IsPrimary: s.IsPrimary(),
	}

	if err := s.noder.SetMetadata(context.Background(), node); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "setting metadata")
	}

	s.cluster.Node = node
	s.executor.Node = node

	// Set up the holderSyncer.
	s.syncer.Holder = s.holder
	s.syncer.Node = node
	s.syncer.Cluster = s.cluster
	s.syncer.Closing = s.closing
	s.syncer.Stats = s.holder.Stats.WithTags("component:HolderSyncer")

	// Start background process listening for translation
	// sync resets.
	if ok := s.addToWaitGroup(1); !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("closing server while opening server is NOT allowed")
	}

	go func() { defer s.wg.Done(); s.monitorResetTranslationSync() }()
	go func() { _ = s.translationSyncer.Reset() }()

	// Open holder.
	func() {
		s.holder.startMsgsMu.Lock()
		defer s.holder.startMsgsMu.Unlock()

		s.holder.startMsgs = []Message{}
	}()
	if err := s.holder.Open(); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "opening Holder")
	}
	// bring up the background tasks for the holder.
	s.holder.Activate()

	if err := s.noder.SetState(context.Background(), disco.NodeStateStarted); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "setting nodeState")
	}

	if ok := s.addToWaitGroup(4); !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("closing server while opening server is NOT allowed")
	}
	go func() { defer s.wg.Done(); s.monitorAntiEntropy() }()
	go func() { defer s.wg.Done(); s.monitorRuntime() }()
	go func() { defer s.wg.Done(); s.monitorDiagnostics() }()
	go func() { defer s.wg.Done(); s.monitorViewsRemoval() }()

	toSend := func() []Message {
		s.holder.startMsgsMu.Lock()
		defer s.holder.startMsgsMu.Unlock()

		toSend := s.holder.startMsgs
		s.holder.startMsgs = nil
		return toSend
	}()

	if ok := s.addToWaitGroup(1); !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("closing server while opening server is NOT allowed")
	}
	go func() {
		defer s.wg.Done()

		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		defer cancel()
		if ok := s.addToWaitGroup(1); !ok {
			// the server is closing, stop!!
			return
		}
		go func() {
			defer s.wg.Done()
			defer cancel()
			select {
			case <-s.closing:
			case <-ctx.Done():
			}
		}()

		timer := time.NewTimer(0)
		defer timer.Stop()
		if !timer.Stop() {
			<-timer.C
		}
		for {
			state, err := s.noder.ClusterState(ctx)
			if err != nil {
				s.logger.Printf("failed to check cluster state: %v", err)
				timer.Reset(time.Second)
				select {
				case <-s.closing:
					return
				case <-timer.C:
					continue
				}
			}
			switch state {
			case disco.ClusterStateStarting, disco.ClusterStateUnknown, disco.ClusterStateDown:
				timer.Reset(time.Second)
				select {
				case <-s.closing:
					return
				case <-timer.C:
					continue
				}
			}
			break
		}

		start := time.Now()
		prevMsg := start
		numMsgs := uint(len(toSend))
		s.logger.Printf("start initial cluster state sync")
		for i := range toSend {
			for {
				err := s.holder.broadcaster.SendSync(toSend[i])
				if err != nil {
					s.logger.Printf("failed to broadcast startup cluster message (trying again in a bit): %v", err)
					timer.Reset(time.Second)
					select {
					case <-s.closing:
						return
					case <-timer.C:
						continue
					}
				}
				break
			}

			if now := time.Now(); now.Sub(prevMsg) > time.Second {
				estimate, pctDone := GetLoopProgress(start, now, uint(i), numMsgs)
				s.logger.Printf("synced %d/%d messages (%.2f%% complete; %s remaining)", i+1, numMsgs, pctDone, estimate)
				prevMsg = now
			}
		}
		s.logger.Printf("completed initial cluster state sync in %s", time.Since(start).String())
	}()

	return nil
}

// Close closes the server and waits for it to shutdown.
func (s *Server) Close() error {
	select {
	case <-s.closing:
		return nil
	default:
		// get the muWG lock so that noone adds to the WaitGroup while it Waits
		s.muWG.Lock()
		defer s.muWG.Unlock()
		// Notify goroutines to stop.
		close(s.closing)
		s.wg.Wait()

		errE := s.executor.Close()

		var errh, errd error
		var errhs error
		var errc error

		if s.cluster != nil {
			errc = s.cluster.close()
		}
		errhs = s.syncer.stopTranslationSync()
		if s.disCo != nil {
			errd = s.disCo.Close()
		}
		if s.holder != nil {
			errh = s.holder.Close()
		}

		// prefer to return holder error over cluster
		// error. This order is somewhat arbitrary. It would be better if we had
		// some way to combine all the errors, but probably not important enough to
		// warrant the extra complexity.
		if errh != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(errh, "closing holder")
		}
		if errhs != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(errhs, "terminating holder translation sync")
		}
		if errc != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(errc, "closing cluster")
		}
		if errd != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(errd, "closing disco")
		}
		return errors.Wrap(errE, "closing executor")
	}
}

// NodeID returns the server's node id.
func (s *Server) NodeID() string { return s.nodeID }

// SyncData manually invokes the anti entropy process which makes sure that this
// node has the data from all replicas across the cluster.
func (s *Server) SyncData() error {
	return errors.Wrap(s.syncer.SyncHolder(), "syncing holder")
}

// monitorResetTranslationSync is a background process which
// listens for events indicating the need to reset the translation
// sync processes.
func (s *Server) monitorResetTranslationSync() {
	s.logger.Infof("holder translation sync monitor initializing")
	for {
		// Wait for a reset or a close.
		select {
		case <-s.closing:
			return
		case <-s.resetTranslationSyncCh:
			if ok := s.addToWaitGroup(1); !ok {
				// the server is closing!!! stop!!
				return
			}
			s.logger.Infof("holder translation sync beginning")
			go func() {
				// Obtaining this lock ensures that there is only
				// one instance of resetTranslationSync() running
				// at once.
				s.syncer.mu.Lock()
				defer s.syncer.mu.Unlock()
				defer s.wg.Done()
				if err := s.syncer.resetTranslationSync(); err != nil {
					s.logger.Errorf("holder translation sync error: err=%s", err)
				}
			}()
		}
	}
}

func (s *Server) monitorViewsRemoval() {
	ctx := context.Background()
	// Run ViewsRemoval on server start
	s.ViewsRemoval(ctx)
	ticker := time.NewTicker(s.viewsRemovalInterval)
	for {
		select {
		case <-s.closing:
			return
		case <-ticker.C:
			s.ViewsRemoval(ctx)
		}
	}
}

// Remove views based on these criterias:
// 1. views that are older than specified TTL
// 2. "standard" view of a field if its "noStandardView" option is set to true
func (s *Server) ViewsRemoval(ctx context.Context) {
	for _, index := range s.holder.Indexes() {
		for _, field := range index.Fields() {
			if field.Options().Type == "time" {
				if field.Options().TTL > 0 {
					for _, view := range field.views() {
						// view names follow the format of "standard_(time_quantum)"
						// to get view time, we split the view.name by "_"
						// then grab the second value (the time quantum)
						viewName := strings.Split(view.name, "_")
						if len(viewName) == 2 {
							// when getting the view time, we want to grab the end date
							// because start date will aways be older
							viewTime, err := timeOfView(view.name, true)
							if err != nil {
								s.logger.Printf("view: %s; err: %s", viewName, err)
								continue
							}
							timeSince := time.Since(viewTime)

							if timeSince >= field.Options().TTL {
								for _, shard := range field.AvailableShards(true).Slice() {
									err := s.holder.txf.DeleteFragmentFromStore(index.Name(), field.Name(), view.name, shard, nil)
									if err != nil {
										s.logger.Errorf("view: %s, shard: %d, ttl delete fragment: %s", shard, viewName, err)
									}
								}

								err := s.defaultClient.api.DeleteView(ctx, index.Name(), field.Name(), view.name)
								if err != nil {
									s.logger.Errorf("view: %s, ttl delete view: %s", viewName, err)
								}
								s.logger.Infof("ttl deleted - index: %s, field: %s, view: %s ", index.name, field.name, view.name)
							}
						}
					}
				}
				if field.Options().NoStandardView && field.view(viewStandard) != nil {
					// delete view "standard" if NoStandardView is true and view "standard" exists
					for _, shard := range field.AvailableShards(true).Slice() {
						err := s.holder.txf.DeleteFragmentFromStore(index.Name(), field.Name(), viewStandard, shard, nil)
						if err != nil {
							s.logger.Errorf("delete view %s from shard %d: %s", viewStandard, shard, err)
						}
					}

					err := s.defaultClient.api.DeleteView(ctx, index.Name(), field.Name(), viewStandard)
					if err != nil {
						s.logger.Errorf("view: %s, delete view: %s", viewStandard, err)
					}
					s.logger.Infof("view %s deleted - index: %s, field: %s ", viewStandard, index.name, field.name)
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

func (s *Server) monitorAntiEntropy() {
	// %% begin sonarcloud ignore %%
	// This code isn't really used anymore because of problems with the design,
	// but we haven't taken it out yet. But there's no code coverage of it.
	if s.antiEntropyInterval == 0 || s.cluster.ReplicaN <= 1 {
		return // anti entropy disabled
	}
	s.cluster.initializeAntiEntropy()

	ticker := time.NewTicker(s.antiEntropyInterval)
	defer ticker.Stop()

	s.logger.Infof("holder sync monitor initializing (%s interval)", s.antiEntropyInterval)

	// Initialize syncer with local holder and remote client.
	for {
		// Wait for tick or a close.
		select {
		case <-s.closing:
			return
		case <-s.cluster.abortAntiEntropyCh:
			// receive here so we don't block resizing
			// ... note that resizing is gone now, but I don't know whether we still need this.
			continue
		case <-ticker.C:
			s.holder.Stats.Count(MetricAntiEntropy, 1, 1.0)
		}
		t := time.Now()

		// We used to check for resizing before doing anti-entropy, but resizing is out
		// so we don't otherwise care about state.
		_, err := s.cluster.State()
		if err != nil {
			s.logger.Printf("cluster state error: err=%s", err)
			continue
		}

		// Sync holders.
		s.logger.Infof("holder sync beginning")
		s.cluster.muAntiEntropy.Lock()
		if err := s.syncer.SyncHolder(); err != nil {
			s.cluster.muAntiEntropy.Unlock()
			s.logger.Errorf("holder sync error: err=%s", err)
			continue
		}
		s.cluster.muAntiEntropy.Unlock()

		// Record successful sync in log.
		s.logger.Infof("holder sync complete")
		dif := time.Since(t)
		s.holder.Stats.Timing(MetricAntiEntropyDurationSeconds, dif, 1.0)

		// Drain tick channel since we just finished anti-entropy. If the AE
		// process took a long time, we don't want them to pile up on each
		// other.
		for {
			select {
			case <-ticker.C:
				continue
			default:
			}
			break
		}
	}
	// %% end sonarcloud ignore %%
}

// receiveMessage represents an implementation of BroadcastHandler.
func (s *Server) receiveMessage(m Message) error {
	switch obj := m.(type) {
	case *CreateShardMessage:
		f := s.holder.Field(obj.Index, obj.Field)
		if f == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("local field not found: %s/%s", obj.Index, obj.Field)
		}
		if err := f.AddRemoteAvailableShards(roaring.NewBitmap(obj.Shard)); err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "adding remote available shards")
		}

	case *CreateIndexMessage:
		if _, err := s.holder.LoadIndex(obj.Index); err != nil {
			return err
		}

	case *DeleteIndexMessage:
		if err := s.holder.DeleteIndex(obj.Index); err != nil {
			return err
		}

	case *CreateFieldMessage:
		if _, err := s.holder.LoadField(obj.Index, obj.Field); err != nil {
			return err
		}

	case *UpdateFieldMessage:
		idx := s.holder.Index(obj.CreateFieldMessage.Index)
		if err := idx.UpdateFieldLocal(&obj.CreateFieldMessage, obj.Update); err != nil {
			return err
		}

	case *DeleteFieldMessage:
		idx := s.holder.Index(obj.Index)
		if err := idx.DeleteField(obj.Field); err != nil {
			return err
		}

	case *DeleteAvailableShardMessage:
		f := s.holder.Field(obj.Index, obj.Field)
		if err := f.RemoveAvailableShard(obj.ShardID); err != nil {
			return err
		}

	case *CreateViewMessage:
		if _, err := s.holder.LoadView(obj.Index, obj.Field, obj.View); err != nil {
			return err
		}

	case *DeleteViewMessage:
		f := s.holder.Field(obj.Index, obj.Field)
		if f == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("local field not found: %s", obj.Field)
		}
		err := f.deleteView(obj.View)
		if errors.Cause(err) == ErrInvalidView {
			s.logger.Infof("got intra-cluster message requesting delete of view: %s, but it did not exist (this is usually fine). Index: %s, field: %s ", obj.View, obj.Index, obj.Field)
		} else if err != nil {
			return err
		}

	case *RecalculateCaches:
		s.holder.recalculateCaches()

	case *LoadSchemaMessage:
		err := s.holder.LoadSchema()
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrapf(err, "handling load schema message: %v", obj)
		}

	case *NodeStatus:
		s.handleRemoteStatus(obj)

	case *TransactionMessage:
		err := s.handleTransactionMessage(obj)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrapf(err, "handling transaction message: %v", obj)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (s *Server) handleTransactionMessage(tm *TransactionMessage) error {
	mtrns := tm.Transaction // message transaction
	ctx := context.Background()
	switch tm.Action {
	case TRANSACTION_START:
		_, err := s.StartTransaction(ctx, mtrns.ID, mtrns.Timeout, mtrns.Exclusive, true)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "starting transaction locally")
		}
	case TRANSACTION_FINISH:
		_, err := s.FinishTransaction(ctx, mtrns.ID, true)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "finishing transaction locally")
		}
	case TRANSACTION_VALIDATE:
		trns, err := s.GetTransaction(ctx, mtrns.ID, true)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting local transaction to validate")
		}
		return CompareTransactions(mtrns, trns)
	default:
		return errors.Errorf("unknown transaction action: '%s'", tm.Action)
	}
	return nil
}

// SendSync represents an implementation of Broadcaster.
func (s *Server) SendSync(m Message) error {
	var eg errgroup.Group
	msg, err := s.serializer.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("marshaling message: %v", err)
	}
	msg = append([]byte{getMessageType(m)}, msg...)

	for _, node := range s.cluster.Nodes() {
		node := node
		uri := node.URI // URI is a struct value

		// Don't forward the message to ourselves.
		if s.uri == uri {
			continue
		}

		eg.Go(func() error {
			return s.defaultClient.SendMessage(context.Background(), &uri, msg)
		})
	}

	return eg.Wait()
}

// SendAsync represents an implementation of Broadcaster.
func (s *Server) SendAsync(m Message) error {
	return ErrNotImplemented
}

// SendTo represents an implementation of Broadcaster.
func (s *Server) SendTo(node *disco.Node, m Message) error {
	msg, err := s.serializer.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("marshaling message: %v", err)
	}
	msg = append([]byte{getMessageType(m)}, msg...)

	uri := node.URI // URI is a struct value

	return s.defaultClient.SendMessage(context.Background(), &uri, msg)
}

// node returns the pilosa.node object. It is used by membership protocols to
// get this node's name(ID), location(URI), and primary status.
func (s *Server) node() *disco.Node {
	return s.cluster.Node.Clone()
}

// handleRemoteStatus receives incoming NodeStatus from remote nodes.
func (s *Server) handleRemoteStatus(pb Message) {
	state, err := s.cluster.State()
	if err != nil {
		s.logger.Printf("getting cluster state: %s", err)
		return
	}

	// Ignore NodeStatus messages until the cluster is in a Normal state.
	if state != disco.ClusterStateNormal {
		return
	}

	go func() {
		// Make sure the holder has opened.
		s.holder.opened.Recv()

		err := s.mergeRemoteStatus(pb.(*NodeStatus))
		if err != nil {
			s.logger.Errorf("merge remote status: %s", err)
		}
	}()
}

func (s *Server) mergeRemoteStatus(ns *NodeStatus) error {
	// Ignore status updates from self.
	if s.nodeID == ns.Node.ID {
		return nil
	}

	// Sync schema.
	if err := s.holder.applySchema(ns.Schema); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "applying schema")
	}

	// Sync available shards.
	for _, is := range ns.Indexes {
		for _, fs := range is.Fields {
			f := s.holder.Field(is.Name, fs.Name)

			// if we don't know about a field locally, log an error because
			// fields should be created and synced prior to shard creation
			if f == nil {
				s.logger.Errorf("local field not found: %s/%s", is.Name, fs.Name)
				continue
			}
			if err := f.AddRemoteAvailableShards(fs.AvailableShards); err != nil {
				return errors.Wrap(err, "adding remote available shards")
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// IsPrimary returns if this node is primary right now or not.
func (s *Server) IsPrimary() bool {
	return s.nodeID == s.noder.PrimaryNodeID(s.cluster.Hasher)
}

// monitorDiagnostics periodically polls the Pilosa Indexes for cluster info.
func (s *Server) monitorDiagnostics() {
	// Do not send more than once a minute
	if s.diagnosticInterval < time.Minute {
		s.logger.Infof("diagnostics disabled")
		return
	}
	s.logger.Infof("Pilosa is currently configured to send small diagnostics reports to our team every %v. More information here: https://www.pilosa.com/docs/latest/administration/#diagnostics", s.diagnosticInterval)

	s.diagnostics.Logger = s.logger
	s.diagnostics.SetVersion(Version)
	s.diagnostics.Set("Host", s.uri.Host)
	s.diagnostics.Set("Cluster", strings.Join(s.cluster.nodeIDs(), ","))
	s.diagnostics.Set("NumNodes", len(s.cluster.noder.Nodes()))
	s.diagnostics.Set("NumCPU", runtime.NumCPU())
	s.diagnostics.Set("NodeID", s.nodeID)
	s.diagnostics.Set("ClusterID", s.cluster.id)
	s.diagnostics.EnrichWithCPUInfo()
	s.diagnostics.EnrichWithOSInfo()

	// Flush the diagnostics metrics at startup, then on each tick interval
	flush := func() {
		openFiles, err := countOpenFiles()
		if err == nil {
			s.diagnostics.Set("OpenFiles", openFiles)
		}
		s.diagnostics.Set("GoRoutines", runtime.NumGoroutine())
		s.diagnostics.EnrichWithMemoryInfo()
		s.diagnostics.EnrichWithSchemaProperties()
		err = s.diagnostics.CheckVersion()
		if err != nil {
			s.logger.Errorf("can't check version: %v", err)
		}
		err = s.diagnostics.Flush()
		if err != nil {
			s.logger.Errorf("diagnostics error: %s", err)
		}
	}

	ticker := time.NewTicker(s.diagnosticInterval)
	defer ticker.Stop()
	flush()
	for {
		// Wait for tick or a close.
		select {
		case <-s.closing:
			return
		case <-ticker.C:
			flush()
		}
	}
}

// monitorRuntime periodically polls the Go runtime metrics.
func (s *Server) monitorRuntime() {
	// Disable metrics when poll interval is zero.
	if s.metricInterval <= 0 {
		return
	}

	var m runtime.MemStats
	ticker := time.NewTicker(s.metricInterval)
	defer ticker.Stop()

	defer s.gcNotifier.Close()

	s.logger.Infof("runtime stats initializing (%s interval)", s.metricInterval)

	for {
		// Wait for tick or a close.
		select {
		case <-s.closing:
			return
		case <-s.gcNotifier.AfterGC():
			// GC just ran.
			s.holder.Stats.Count(MetricGarbageCollection, 1, 1.0)
		case <-ticker.C:
		}

		// Record the number of go routines.
		s.holder.Stats.Gauge(MetricGoroutines, float64(runtime.NumGoroutine()), 1.0)

		openFiles, err := countOpenFiles()
		// Open File handles.
		if err == nil {
			s.holder.Stats.Gauge(MetricOpenFiles, float64(openFiles), 1.0)
		}

		// Runtime memory metrics.
		runtime.ReadMemStats(&m)
		s.holder.Stats.Gauge(MetricHeapAlloc, float64(m.HeapAlloc), 1.0)
		s.holder.Stats.Gauge(MetricHeapInuse, float64(m.HeapInuse), 1.0)
		s.holder.Stats.Gauge(MetricStackInuse, float64(m.StackInuse), 1.0)
		s.holder.Stats.Gauge(MetricMallocs, float64(m.Mallocs), 1.0)
		s.holder.Stats.Gauge(MetricFrees, float64(m.Frees), 1.0)
	}
}

func (srv *Server) StartTransaction(ctx context.Context, id string, timeout time.Duration, exclusive bool, remote bool) (*Transaction, error) {
	snap := srv.cluster.NewSnapshot()
	node := srv.node()
	if !remote && !snap.IsPrimaryFieldTranslationNode(node.ID) && len(srv.cluster.Nodes()) > 1 {
		return nil, ErrNodeNotPrimary
	}
	if remote && (snap.IsPrimaryFieldTranslationNode(node.ID) || len(srv.cluster.Nodes()) == 1) {
		return nil, errors.New("unexpected remote start call to primary or single node cluster")
	}

	if remote {
		return srv.holder.StartTransaction(ctx, id, timeout, exclusive)
	}

	// empty string id should generate an id
	if id == "" {
		uid, err := uuid.NewV4()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "creating id")
		}
		id = uid.String()
	}
	trns, err := srv.holder.StartTransaction(ctx, id, timeout, exclusive)
	if err != nil {
		return trns, errors.Wrap(err, "starting transaction")
	}
	err = srv.SendSync(
		&TransactionMessage{
			Action:      TRANSACTION_START,
			Transaction: trns,
		})
	if err != nil {
		// try to clean up, but ignore errors
		_, errLocal := srv.holder.FinishTransaction(ctx, id)
		errBroadcast := srv.SendSync(
			&TransactionMessage{
				Action:      TRANSACTION_FINISH,
				Transaction: trns,
			},
		)
		if errLocal != nil || errBroadcast != nil {
			srv.logger.Errorf("error(s) while trying to clean up transaction which failed to start, local: %v, broadcast: %v",
				errLocal,
				errBroadcast,
			)
		}
		return trns, errors.Wrap(err, "broadcasting transaction start")
	}
	return trns, nil
}

func (srv *Server) FinishTransaction(ctx context.Context, id string, remote bool) (*Transaction, error) {
	snap := srv.cluster.NewSnapshot()
	node := srv.node()
	if !remote && !snap.IsPrimaryFieldTranslationNode(node.ID) && len(srv.cluster.Nodes()) > 1 {
		return nil, ErrNodeNotPrimary
	}
	if remote && (snap.IsPrimaryFieldTranslationNode(node.ID) || len(srv.cluster.Nodes()) == 1) {
		return nil, errors.New("unexpected remote finish call to primary or single node cluster")
	}

	if remote {
		return srv.holder.FinishTransaction(ctx, id)
	}
	trns, err := srv.holder.FinishTransaction(ctx, id)
	if err != nil {
		return trns, errors.Wrap(err, "finishing transaction")
	}
	err = srv.SendSync(
		&TransactionMessage{
			Action:      TRANSACTION_FINISH,
			Transaction: trns,
		},
	)
	if err != nil {
		srv.logger.Errorf("error broadcasting transaction finish: %v", err)
		// TODO retry?
	}
	return trns, nil
}

func (srv *Server) Transactions(ctx context.Context) (map[string]*Transaction, error) {
	snap := srv.cluster.NewSnapshot()
	node := srv.node()
	if !snap.IsPrimaryFieldTranslationNode(node.ID) && len(srv.cluster.Nodes()) > 1 {
		return nil, ErrNodeNotPrimary
	}

	return srv.holder.Transactions(ctx)
}

func (srv *Server) GetTransaction(ctx context.Context, id string, remote bool) (*Transaction, error) {
	snap := srv.cluster.NewSnapshot()

	node := srv.node()
	if !remote && !snap.IsPrimaryFieldTranslationNode(node.ID) && len(srv.cluster.Nodes()) > 1 {
		return nil, ErrNodeNotPrimary
	}

	if remote && (snap.IsPrimaryFieldTranslationNode(node.ID) || len(srv.cluster.Nodes()) == 1) {
		return nil, errors.New("unexpected remote get call to primary or single node cluster")
	}

	trns, err := srv.holder.GetTransaction(ctx, id)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getting transaction")
	}

	// The way a client would find out that the exclusive transaction
	// it requested is active is by polling the GetTransaction
	// endpoint. Therefore, returning an active, exclusive
	// transaction, from here is what truly makes the transaction
	// "live". Before doing so, we want to make sure all nodes
	// agree. (in case other nodes have activity on this transaction
	// we're not aware of)
	if !remote && trns.Exclusive && trns.Active {
		err := srv.SendSync(
			&TransactionMessage{
				Action:      TRANSACTION_VALIDATE,
				Transaction: trns,
			},
		)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "contacting remote hosts")
		}
		return trns, nil
	}
	return trns, nil
}

// CompileExecutionPlan parses and compiles an execution plan from a SQL
// statement using a new parser and planner.
func (s *Server) CompileExecutionPlan(ctx context.Context, q string) (planner_types.PlanOperator, error) {
	st, err := parser.NewParser(strings.NewReader(q)).ParseStatement()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return s.executionPlannerFn(s.executor, s.executor.client.api, q).CompilePlan(ctx, st)
}

// countOpenFiles on operating systems that support lsof.
func countOpenFiles() (int, error) {
	switch runtime.GOOS {
	case "darwin", "linux", "unix", "freebsd":
		// -b option avoid kernel blocks
		pid := os.Getpid()
		out, err := exec.Command("/bin/sh", "-c", fmt.Sprintf("lsof -b -p %v", pid)).Output()
		if err != nil {
			return 0, fmt.Errorf("calling lsof: %s", err)
		}
		// only count lines with our pid, avoiding warning messages from -b
		lines := strings.Split(string(out), strconv.Itoa(pid))
		return len(lines), nil
	case "windows":
		return 0, errors.New("countOpenFiles() on Windows is not supported")
	default:
		return 0, errors.New("countOpenFiles() on this OS is not supported")
	}
}

func expandDirName(path string) (string, error) {
	prefix := "~" + string(filepath.Separator)
	if strings.HasPrefix(path, prefix) {
		HomeDir := os.Getenv("HOME")
		if HomeDir == "" {
			return "", errors.New("data directory not specified and no home dir available")
		}
		return filepath.Join(HomeDir, strings.TrimPrefix(path, prefix)), nil
	}
	return path, nil
}