diff --git a/api.go b/api.go
index 252480d52..c02aedbf2 100644
--- a/api.go
+++ b/api.go
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ func (api *API) Schema(ctx context.Context) []*IndexInfo {
 }
 
 // CreateField creates a new BSI field in the given index and frame.
-func (api *API) CreateField(ctx context.Context, indexName string, frameName string, field *Field) error {
+func (api *API) CreateField(ctx context.Context, indexName string, frameName string, field *oField) error {
 	if err := api.validate(apiCreateField); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "validating api method")
 	}
@@ -548,25 +548,6 @@ func (api *API) DeleteField(ctx context.Context, indexName string, frameName str
 	return errors.Wrap(err, "sending DeleteField message")
 }
 
-// Fields returns the fields in the given frame.
-func (api *API) Fields(ctx context.Context, indexName string, frameName string) ([]*Field, error) {
-	if err := api.validate(apiFields); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "validating api method")
-	}
-
-	index := api.Holder.index(indexName)
-	if index == nil {
-		return nil, ErrIndexNotFound
-	}
-
-	frame := index.frame(frameName)
-	if frame == nil {
-		return nil, ErrFrameNotFound
-	}
-
-	return frame.GetFields()
-}
-
 // Views returns the views in the given frame.
 func (api *API) Views(ctx context.Context, indexName string, frameName string) ([]*View, error) {
 	if err := api.validate(apiViews); err != nil {
@@ -877,7 +858,6 @@ const (
 	apiDeleteIndex
 	apiDeleteView
 	apiExportCSV
-	apiFields
 	apiFragmentBlockData
 	apiFragmentBlocks
 	apiFrameAttrDiff
@@ -923,7 +903,6 @@ var methodsNormal = map[apiMethod]struct{}{
 	apiDeleteIndex:       struct{}{},
 	apiDeleteView:        struct{}{},
 	apiExportCSV:         struct{}{},
-	apiFields:            struct{}{},
 	apiFragmentBlockData: struct{}{},
 	apiFragmentBlocks:    struct{}{},
 	apiFrameAttrDiff:     struct{}{},
diff --git a/apimethod_string.go b/apimethod_string.go
index 2eb2913ae..0fc3822d5 100644
--- a/apimethod_string.go
+++ b/apimethod_string.go
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 
 package pilosa
 
-import "strconv"
+import "fmt"
 
-const _apiMethod_name = "apiClusterMessageapiCreateFieldapiCreateFrameapiCreateIndexapiDeleteFieldapiDeleteFrameapiDeleteIndexapiDeleteViewapiExportCSVapiFieldsapiFragmentBlockDataapiFragmentBlocksapiFrameAttrDiffapiImportapiImportValueapiIndexapiIndexAttrDiffapiMarshalFragmentapiQueryapiRecalculateCachesapiRemoveNodeapiResizeAbortapiRestoreFrameapiSetCoordinatorapiSliceNodesapiUnmarshalFragmentapiViews"
+const _apiMethod_name = "apiClusterMessageapiCreateFieldapiCreateFrameapiCreateIndexapiDeleteFieldapiDeleteFrameapiDeleteIndexapiDeleteViewapiExportCSVapiFragmentBlockDataapiFragmentBlocksapiFrameAttrDiffapiImportapiImportValueapiIndexapiIndexAttrDiffapiMarshalFragmentapiQueryapiRecalculateCachesapiRemoveNodeapiResizeAbortapiSetCoordinatorapiSliceNodesapiUnmarshalFragmentapiViews"
 
-var _apiMethod_index = [...]uint16{0, 17, 31, 45, 59, 73, 87, 101, 114, 126, 135, 155, 172, 188, 197, 211, 219, 235, 253, 261, 281, 294, 308, 323, 340, 353, 373, 381}
+var _apiMethod_index = [...]uint16{0, 17, 31, 45, 59, 73, 87, 101, 114, 126, 146, 163, 179, 188, 202, 210, 226, 244, 252, 272, 285, 299, 316, 329, 349, 357}
 
 func (i apiMethod) String() string {
 	if i < 0 || i >= apiMethod(len(_apiMethod_index)-1) {
-		return "apiMethod(" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10) + ")"
+		return fmt.Sprintf("apiMethod(%d)", i)
 	}
 	return _apiMethod_name[_apiMethod_index[i]:_apiMethod_index[i+1]]
 }
diff --git a/client_test.go b/client_test.go
index 6e5f2dc41..898869f2b 100644
--- a/client_test.go
+++ b/client_test.go
@@ -244,16 +244,17 @@ func TestClient_ImportValue(t *testing.T) {
 	hldr := test.MustOpenHolder()
 	defer hldr.Close()
 
-	fld := pilosa.Field{
-		Name: "fld",
-		Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt,
+	fldName := "f"
+
+	fo := pilosa.FrameOptions{
+		Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
 		Min:  -100,
 		Max:  100,
 	}
 
 	// Load bitmap into cache to ensure cache gets updated.
 	index := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
-	frame, err := index.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{Fields: []*pilosa.Field{&fld}})
+	frame, err := index.CreateFrameIfNotExists(fldName, fo)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ func TestClient_ImportValue(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Send import request.
 	c := test.MustNewClient(s.Host(), defaultClient)
-	if err := c.ImportValue(context.Background(), "i", "f", fld.Name, 0, []pilosa.FieldValue{
+	if err := c.ImportValue(context.Background(), "i", "f", fldName, 0, []pilosa.FieldValue{
 		{ColumnID: 1, Value: -10},
 		{ColumnID: 2, Value: 20},
 		{ColumnID: 3, Value: 40},
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ func TestClient_ImportValue(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Verify Sum.
-	sum, cnt, err := frame.FieldSum(nil, fld.Name)
+	sum, cnt, err := frame.FieldSum(nil, fldName)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -284,7 +285,7 @@ func TestClient_ImportValue(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Verify Min.
-	min, cnt, err := frame.FieldMin(nil, fld.Name)
+	min, cnt, err := frame.FieldMin(nil, fldName)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -293,11 +294,11 @@ func TestClient_ImportValue(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Verify Min with Filter.
-	filter, err := frame.FieldRange(fld.Name, pql.GT, 40)
+	filter, err := frame.FieldRange(fldName, pql.GT, 40)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	min, cnt, err = frame.FieldMin(filter, fld.Name)
+	min, cnt, err = frame.FieldMin(filter, fldName)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ func TestClient_ImportValue(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Verify Max.
-	max, cnt, err := frame.FieldMax(nil, fld.Name)
+	max, cnt, err := frame.FieldMax(nil, fldName)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
diff --git a/cluster_test.go b/cluster_test.go
index 913cd5db3..99b322a0e 100644
--- a/cluster_test.go
+++ b/cluster_test.go
@@ -422,24 +422,6 @@ func TestCluster_ResizeStates(t *testing.T) {
 		tc.SetBit("i", "f", "standard", 1, 101, nil)
 		tc.SetBit("i", "f", "standard", 1, 1300000, nil)
 
-		// Add Field Data to node0.
-		if err := tc.CreateFrame("i", "fields", FrameOptions{
-			Fields: []*Field{
-				{
-					Name: "fld0",
-					Type: FieldTypeInt,
-					Min:  -100,
-					Max:  100,
-				},
-			},
-		}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		tc.SetFieldValue("i", "fields", 1, "fld0", -10)
-		tc.SetFieldValue("i", "fields", 1, "fld0", 10)
-		tc.SetFieldValue("i", "fields", 1300000, "fld0", -99)
-		tc.SetFieldValue("i", "fields", 1300000, "fld0", 99)
-
 		// Before starting the resize, get the CheckSum to use for
 		// comparison later.
 		node0Frame := node0.Holder.Frame("i", "f")
@@ -447,11 +429,6 @@ func TestCluster_ResizeStates(t *testing.T) {
 		node0Fragment := node0View.Fragment(1)
 		node0Checksum := node0Fragment.Checksum()
 
-		node0Frame = node0.Holder.Frame("i", "fields")
-		node0View = node0Frame.View("field_fld0")
-		node0Fragment = node0View.Fragment(1)
-		node0ChecksumFld := node0Fragment.Checksum()
-
 		// AddNode needs to block until the resize process has completed.
 		tc.AddNode(false)
 		node1 := tc.Clusters[1]
@@ -485,17 +462,6 @@ func TestCluster_ResizeStates(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("expected standard view checksum to match: %x - %x", chksum, node0Checksum)
 		}
 
-		// Values
-		// Verify that node-1 contains the fragment (i/fields/field_fld0/1) transferred from node-0.
-		node1Frame = node1.Holder.Frame("i", "fields")
-		node1View = node1Frame.View("field_fld0")
-		node1Fragment = node1View.Fragment(1)
-
-		// Ensure checksums are the same.
-		if chksum := node1Fragment.Checksum(); !bytes.Equal(chksum, node0ChecksumFld) {
-			t.Fatalf("expected checksum to match: %x - %x", chksum, node0ChecksumFld)
-		}
-
 		// Close TestCluster.
 		if err := tc.Close(); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
diff --git a/ctl/import_test.go b/ctl/import_test.go
index a11770bd8..7c6c02721 100644
--- a/ctl/import_test.go
+++ b/ctl/import_test.go
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ func TestImportCommand_Run(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TODO: revisit this test once Frame is renamed Field
 // Ensure that the ImportValue path runs (note: we have specified a value
 // for cm.Field.)
 func TestImportCommand_RunValue(t *testing.T) {
@@ -107,11 +108,11 @@ func TestImportCommand_RunValue(t *testing.T) {
 	cm.Host = s.Host()
 
 	http.DefaultClient.Do(MustNewHTTPRequest("POST", s.URL+"/index/i", strings.NewReader("")))
-	http.DefaultClient.Do(MustNewHTTPRequest("POST", s.URL+"/index/i/frame/f", strings.NewReader(`{"options":{"fields": [{"name": "foo", "type": "int", "min": 0, "max": 100}]}}`)))
+	http.DefaultClient.Do(MustNewHTTPRequest("POST", s.URL+"/index/i/frame/f", strings.NewReader(`{"options":{"type": "int", "min": 0, "max": 100}}`)))
 
 	cm.Index = "i"
 	cm.Frame = "f"
-	cm.Field = "foo"
+	cm.Field = "f"
 	cm.Paths = []string{file.Name()}
 	err = cm.Run(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/diagnostics.go b/diagnostics.go
index 9219c01ea..1968a4e74 100644
--- a/diagnostics.go
+++ b/diagnostics.go
@@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ func (d *DiagnosticsCollector) EnrichWithSchemaProperties() {
 		numIndexes += 1
 		for _, frame := range index.Frames() {
 			numFrames += 1
-			if fields, err := frame.GetFields(); err == nil {
-				bsiFieldCount += len(fields)
+			if frame.Type() == FrameTypeInt {
+				bsiFieldCount += 1
 			}
 			if frame.TimeQuantum() != "" {
 				timeQuantumEnabled = true
diff --git a/executor_test.go b/executor_test.go
index 0807228ac..fbce4d52d 100644
--- a/executor_test.go
+++ b/executor_test.go
@@ -272,10 +272,9 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create frames.
 		index := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
 		if _, err := index.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-			Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-				{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 50},
-				{Name: "field1", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 1, Max: 2},
-			},
+			Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+			Min:  0,
+			Max:  50,
 		}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if _, err := index.CreateFrameIfNotExists("xxx", pilosa.FrameOptions{}); err != nil {
@@ -284,14 +283,14 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Set field values.
 		e := test.NewExecutor(hldr.Holder, test.NewCluster(1))
-		if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(col=10, frame=f, field0=25, field1=2)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(col=10, frame=f, f=25)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(col=100, frame=f, field0=10)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		} else if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(col=100, frame=f, f=10)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		f := hldr.Frame("i", "f")
-		if value, exists, err := f.FieldValue(10, "field0"); err != nil {
+		if value, exists, err := f.FieldValue(10, "f"); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !exists {
 			t.Fatal("expected value to exist")
@@ -299,15 +298,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected value: %v", value)
 		}
 
-		if value, exists, err := f.FieldValue(10, "field1"); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if !exists {
-			t.Fatal("expected value to exist")
-		} else if value != 2 {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected value: %v", value)
-		}
-
-		if value, exists, err := f.FieldValue(100, "field0"); err != nil {
+		if value, exists, err := f.FieldValue(100, "f"); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !exists {
 			t.Fatal("expected value to exist")
@@ -321,37 +312,37 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 		defer hldr.Close()
 		index := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
 		if _, err := index.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-			Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-				{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 100},
-			},
+			Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+			Min:  0,
+			Max:  100,
 		}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		t.Run("ErrFrameRequired", func(t *testing.T) {
 			e := test.NewExecutor(hldr.Holder, test.NewCluster(1))
-			if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(col=10, field0=100)`), nil, nil); err == nil || err.Error() != `SetFieldValue() frame required` {
+			if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(col=10, f=100)`), nil, nil); err == nil || err.Error() != `SetFieldValue() frame required` {
 				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 			}
 		})
 
 		t.Run("ErrColumnFieldRequired", func(t *testing.T) {
 			e := test.NewExecutor(hldr.Holder, test.NewCluster(1))
-			if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(invalid_column_name=10, frame=f, field0=100)`), nil, nil); err == nil || err.Error() != `SetFieldValue() column field 'col' required` {
+			if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(invalid_column_name=10, frame=f, f=100)`), nil, nil); err == nil || err.Error() != `SetFieldValue() column field 'col' required` {
 				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 			}
 		})
 
 		t.Run("ErrColumnFieldValue", func(t *testing.T) {
 			e := test.NewExecutor(hldr.Holder, test.NewCluster(1))
-			if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(invalid_column_name="bad_column", frame=f, field0=100)`), nil, nil); err == nil || err.Error() != `SetFieldValue() column field 'col' required` {
+			if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(invalid_column_name="bad_column", frame=f, f=100)`), nil, nil); err == nil || err.Error() != `SetFieldValue() column field 'col' required` {
 				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 			}
 		})
 
 		t.Run("ErrInvalidFieldValueType", func(t *testing.T) {
 			e := test.NewExecutor(hldr.Holder, test.NewCluster(1))
-			if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(col=10, frame=f, field0="hello")`), nil, nil); err == nil || err.Error() != `invalid field value type` {
+			if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`SetFieldValue(col=10, frame=f, f="hello")`), nil, nil); err == nil || err.Error() != `invalid field value type` {
 				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 			}
 		})
@@ -588,29 +579,33 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_MinMax(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
+	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("x", pilosa.FrameOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
 	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-		Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-			{Name: "foo", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: -10, Max: 100},
-		},
+		Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+		Min:  -10,
+		Max:  100,
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`
-		SetBit(frame=f, row=0, col=0)
-		SetBit(frame=f, row=0, col=3)
-		SetBit(frame=f, row=0, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
-		SetBit(frame=f, row=1, col=1)
-		SetBit(frame=f, row=2, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+2)+`)
+		SetBit(frame=x, row=0, col=0)
+		SetBit(frame=x, row=0, col=3)
+		SetBit(frame=x, row=0, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
+		SetBit(frame=x, row=1, col=1)
+		SetBit(frame=x, row=2, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+2)+`)
 
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=20, col=0)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=-5, col=1)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=-5, col=2)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=10, col=3)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=30, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=40, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+2)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=50, col=`+strconv.Itoa((5*SliceWidth)+100)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=60, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=f, f=20, col=0)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=f, f=-5, col=1)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=f, f=-5, col=2)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=f, f=10, col=3)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=f, f=30, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=f, f=40, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+2)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=f, f=50, col=`+strconv.Itoa((5*SliceWidth)+100)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=f, f=60, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
 	`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -622,16 +617,16 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_MinMax(t *testing.T) {
 			cnt    int64
 		}{
 			{filter: ``, exp: -5, cnt: 2},
-			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=f, row=0)`, exp: 10, cnt: 1},
-			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=f, row=1)`, exp: -5, cnt: 1},
-			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=f, row=2)`, exp: 40, cnt: 1},
+			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=x, row=0)`, exp: 10, cnt: 1},
+			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=x, row=1)`, exp: -5, cnt: 1},
+			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=x, row=2)`, exp: 40, cnt: 1},
 		}
 		for i, tt := range tests {
 			var pql string
 			if tt.filter == "" {
-				pql = `Min(frame=f, field=foo)`
+				pql = `Min(frame=f, field=f)`
 			} else {
-				pql = fmt.Sprintf(`Min(%s, frame=f, field=foo)`, tt.filter)
+				pql = fmt.Sprintf(`Min(%s, frame=f, field=f)`, tt.filter)
 			}
 			if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(pql), nil, nil); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
@@ -648,16 +643,16 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_MinMax(t *testing.T) {
 			cnt    int64
 		}{
 			{filter: ``, exp: 60, cnt: 1},
-			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=f, row=0)`, exp: 60, cnt: 1},
-			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=f, row=1)`, exp: -5, cnt: 1},
-			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=f, row=2)`, exp: 40, cnt: 1},
+			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=x, row=0)`, exp: 60, cnt: 1},
+			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=x, row=1)`, exp: -5, cnt: 1},
+			{filter: `Bitmap(frame=x, row=2)`, exp: 40, cnt: 1},
 		}
 		for i, tt := range tests {
 			var pql string
 			if tt.filter == "" {
-				pql = `Max(frame=f, field=foo)`
+				pql = `Max(frame=f, field=f)`
 			} else {
-				pql = fmt.Sprintf(`Max(%s, frame=f, field=foo)`, tt.filter)
+				pql = fmt.Sprintf(`Max(%s, frame=f, field=f)`, tt.filter)
 			}
 			if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(pql), nil, nil); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
@@ -679,39 +674,51 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_Sum(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-		Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-			{Name: "foo", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 10, Max: 100},
-			{Name: "bar", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 100000},
-		},
+	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("x", pilosa.FrameOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("foo", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+		Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+		Min:  10,
+		Max:  100,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("bar", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+		Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+		Min:  0,
+		Max:  100000,
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("other", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-		Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-			{Name: "foo", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 1000},
-		},
+		Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+		Min:  0,
+		Max:  1000,
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`
-		SetBit(frame=f, row=0, col=0)
-		SetBit(frame=f, row=0, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
+		SetBit(frame=x, row=0, col=0)
+		SetBit(frame=x, row=0, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
 
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=20, bar=2000, col=0)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=30, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=40, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+2)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=50, col=`+strconv.Itoa((5*SliceWidth)+100)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=60, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=other, foo=1000, col=0)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=20, col=0)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=bar, bar=2000, col=0)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=30, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=40, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+2)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=50, col=`+strconv.Itoa((5*SliceWidth)+100)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=60, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=other, other=1000, col=0)
 	`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	t.Run("NoFilter", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Sum(frame=f, field=foo)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Sum(frame=foo, field=foo)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(result[0], pilosa.ValCount{Val: 200, Count: 5}) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -719,7 +726,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_Sum(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("WithFilter", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Sum(Bitmap(frame=f, row=0), frame=f, field=foo)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Sum(Bitmap(frame=x, row=0), frame=foo, field=foo)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(result[0], pilosa.ValCount{Val: 80, Count: 2}) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -738,6 +745,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_Range(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create frame.
 	if _, err := index.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+		Type:        pilosa.FrameTypeTime,
 		TimeQuantum: pilosa.TimeQuantum("YMDH"),
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -766,7 +774,6 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_Range(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected columns: %+v", columns)
 		}
 	})
-
 }
 
 // Ensure a Range(field) query can be executed.
@@ -780,27 +787,38 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-		Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-			{Name: "foo", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 10, Max: 100},
-			{Name: "bar", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 100000},
-		},
+	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("foo", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+		Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+		Min:  10,
+		Max:  100,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("bar", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+		Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+		Min:  0,
+		Max:  100000,
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("other", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-		Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-			{Name: "foo", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 1000},
-		},
+		Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+		Min:  0,
+		Max:  1000,
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("edge", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-		Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-			{Name: "foo", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: -100, Max: 100},
-		},
+		Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+		Min:  -100,
+		Max:  100,
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -809,20 +827,21 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 		SetBit(frame=f, row=0, col=0)
 		SetBit(frame=f, row=0, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
 
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=20, bar=2000, col=50)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=30, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=10, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+2)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=20, col=`+strconv.Itoa((5*SliceWidth)+100)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=f, foo=60, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=other, foo=1000, col=0)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=edge, foo=100, col=0)
-		SetFieldValue(frame=edge, foo=-100, col=1)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=20, col=50)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=bar, bar=2000, col=50)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=30, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=10, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+2)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=20, col=`+strconv.Itoa((5*SliceWidth)+100)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=foo, foo=60, col=`+strconv.Itoa(SliceWidth+1)+`)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=other, other=1000, col=0)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=edge, edge=100, col=0)
+		SetFieldValue(frame=edge, edge=-100, col=1)
 	`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	t.Run("EQ", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=f, foo == 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=foo, foo == 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{50, (5 * SliceWidth) + 100}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -831,19 +850,19 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("NEQ", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// NEQ null
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=other, foo != null)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=other, other != null)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{0}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
 		}
 		// NEQ <int>
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=f, foo != 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=foo, foo != 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{SliceWidth, SliceWidth + 1, SliceWidth + 2}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
 		}
 		// NEQ -<int>
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=other, foo != -20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=other, other != -20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{0}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			//t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -852,7 +871,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("LT", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=f, foo < 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=foo, foo < 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{SliceWidth + 2}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -860,7 +879,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("LTE", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=f, foo <= 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=foo, foo <= 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{50, SliceWidth + 2, (5 * SliceWidth) + 100}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -868,7 +887,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("GT", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=f, foo > 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=foo, foo > 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{SliceWidth, SliceWidth + 1}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -876,7 +895,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("GTE", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=f, foo >= 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=foo, foo >= 20)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{50, SliceWidth, SliceWidth + 1, (5 * SliceWidth) + 100}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -884,7 +903,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("BETWEEN", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=other, foo >< [1, 1000])`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=other, other >< [1, 1000])`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{0}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -893,7 +912,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Ensure that the FieldNotNull code path gets run.
 	t.Run("FieldNotNull", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=other, foo >< [0, 1000])`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=other, other >< [0, 1000])`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{0}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -901,7 +920,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("BelowMin", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=f, foo == 0)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=foo, foo == 0)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -909,7 +928,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("AboveMax", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=f, foo == 200)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=foo, foo == 200)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result))
@@ -917,7 +936,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("LTAboveMax", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=edge, foo < 200)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=edge, edge < 200)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{0, 1}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()))
@@ -925,7 +944,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("GTBelowMin", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=edge, foo > -200)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		if result, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=edge, edge > -200)`), nil, nil); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual([]uint64{0, 1}, result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %s", spew.Sdump(result[0].(*pilosa.Row).Columns()))
@@ -939,7 +958,7 @@ func TestExecutor_Execute_FieldRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("ErrFieldNotFound", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=f, bad_field >= 20)`), nil, nil); err != pilosa.ErrFieldNotFound {
+		if _, err := e.Execute(context.Background(), "i", test.MustParse(`Range(frame=foo, bad_field >= 20)`), nil, nil); err != pilosa.ErrFieldNotFound {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	})
diff --git a/frame.go b/frame.go
index ab005edcc..1307df32d 100644
--- a/frame.go
+++ b/frame.go
@@ -31,12 +31,21 @@ import (
 
 // Default frame settings.
 const (
+	DefaultFrameType = FrameTypeSet
+
 	DefaultCacheType = CacheTypeRanked
 
 	// Default ranked frame cache
 	DefaultCacheSize = 50000
 )
 
+// Frame types.
+const (
+	FrameTypeSet  = "set"
+	FrameTypeInt  = "int"
+	FrameTypeTime = "time"
+)
+
 // Frame represents a container for views.
 type Frame struct {
 	mu    sync.RWMutex
@@ -53,22 +62,32 @@ type Frame struct {
 	Stats       StatsClient
 
 	// Frame options.
-	cacheType   string
-	cacheSize   uint32
-	timeQuantum TimeQuantum
-	fields      []*Field
+	options FrameOptions
+
+	fields []*oField
 
 	Logger Logger
 }
 
+// FrameOption is a functional option type for pilosa.Frame.
+type FrameOption func(f *Frame) error
+
+// TODO: break these out into separate Options (not a FrameOptions object)
+func OptFrameFrameOptions(o FrameOptions) FrameOption {
+	return func(f *Frame) error {
+		f.options = o
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // NewFrame returns a new instance of frame.
-func NewFrame(path, index, name string) (*Frame, error) {
+func NewFrame(path, index, name string, opts ...FrameOption) (*Frame, error) {
 	err := ValidateName(name)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return &Frame{
+	f := &Frame{
 		path:  path,
 		index: index,
 		name:  name,
@@ -80,13 +99,23 @@ func NewFrame(path, index, name string) (*Frame, error) {
 		broadcaster: NopBroadcaster,
 		Stats:       NopStatsClient,
 
-		cacheType: DefaultCacheType,
-		cacheSize: DefaultCacheSize,
-		//timeQuantum
-		//fields
+		options: FrameOptions{
+			Type:      DefaultFrameType,
+			CacheType: DefaultCacheType,
+			CacheSize: DefaultCacheSize,
+		},
 
 		Logger: NopLogger,
-	}, nil
+	}
+
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		err := opt(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "applying option")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return f, nil
 }
 
 // Name returns the name the frame was initialized with.
@@ -115,9 +144,18 @@ func (f *Frame) MaxSlice() uint64 {
 	return max
 }
 
+// Type returns the frame type.
+func (f *Frame) Type() string {
+	f.mu.RLock()
+	defer f.mu.RUnlock()
+	return f.options.Type
+}
+
 // CacheType returns the caching mode for the frame.
 func (f *Frame) CacheType() string {
-	return f.cacheType
+	f.mu.RLock()
+	defer f.mu.RUnlock()
+	return f.options.CacheType
 }
 
 // SetCacheSize sets the cache size for ranked fames. Persists to meta file on update.
@@ -127,12 +165,12 @@ func (f *Frame) SetCacheSize(v uint32) error {
 	defer f.mu.Unlock()
 
 	// Ignore if no change occurred.
-	if v == 0 || f.cacheSize == v {
+	if v == 0 || f.options.CacheSize == v {
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	// Persist meta data to disk on change.
-	f.cacheSize = v
+	f.options.CacheSize = v
 	if err := f.saveMeta(); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "saving")
 	}
@@ -142,9 +180,9 @@ func (f *Frame) SetCacheSize(v uint32) error {
 
 // CacheSize returns the ranked frame cache size.
 func (f *Frame) CacheSize() uint32 {
-	f.mu.Lock()
-	v := f.cacheSize
-	f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.mu.RLock()
+	v := f.options.CacheSize
+	f.mu.RUnlock()
 	return v
 }
 
@@ -152,16 +190,7 @@ func (f *Frame) CacheSize() uint32 {
 func (f *Frame) Options() FrameOptions {
 	f.mu.RLock()
 	defer f.mu.RUnlock()
-	return f.options()
-}
-
-func (f *Frame) options() FrameOptions {
-	return FrameOptions{
-		CacheType:   f.cacheType,
-		CacheSize:   f.cacheSize,
-		TimeQuantum: f.timeQuantum,
-		Fields:      f.fields,
-	}
+	return f.options
 }
 
 // Open opens and initializes the frame.
@@ -176,6 +205,11 @@ func (f *Frame) Open() error {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "loading meta")
 		}
 
+		// Apply the frame options loaded from meta.
+		if err := f.applyOptions(f.options); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "applying options")
+		}
+
 		if err := f.openViews(); err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "opening views")
 		}
@@ -216,7 +250,7 @@ func (f *Frame) openViews() error {
 		name := filepath.Base(fi.Name())
 		view := f.newView(f.ViewPath(name), name)
 		if err := view.Open(); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("open view: view=%s, err=%s", view.Name(), err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("opening view: view=%s, err=%s", view.Name(), err)
 		}
 		view.RowAttrStore = f.rowAttrStore
 		f.views[view.Name()] = view
@@ -232,10 +266,6 @@ func (f *Frame) loadMeta() error {
 	// Read data from meta file.
 	buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(f.path, ".meta"))
 	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		f.cacheType = DefaultCacheType
-		f.cacheSize = DefaultCacheSize
-		f.timeQuantum = ""
-		//f.fields
 		return nil
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "reading meta")
@@ -246,13 +276,12 @@ func (f *Frame) loadMeta() error {
 	}
 
 	// Copy metadata fields.
-	f.cacheType = pb.CacheType
-	if f.cacheType == "" {
-		f.cacheType = DefaultCacheType
-	}
-	f.cacheSize = pb.CacheSize
-	f.timeQuantum = TimeQuantum(pb.TimeQuantum)
-	f.fields = decodeFields(pb.Fields)
+	f.options.Type = pb.Type
+	f.options.CacheType = pb.CacheType
+	f.options.CacheSize = pb.CacheSize
+	f.options.Min = pb.Min
+	f.options.Max = pb.Max
+	f.options.TimeQuantum = TimeQuantum(pb.TimeQuantum)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -260,7 +289,7 @@ func (f *Frame) loadMeta() error {
 // saveMeta writes meta data for the frame.
 func (f *Frame) saveMeta() error {
 	// Marshal metadata.
-	fo := f.options()
+	fo := f.options
 	buf, err := proto.Marshal(fo.Encode())
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "marshaling")
@@ -274,6 +303,60 @@ func (f *Frame) saveMeta() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// applyOptions configures the frame based on opt.
+func (f *Frame) applyOptions(opt FrameOptions) error {
+	switch opt.Type {
+	case FrameTypeSet, "":
+		f.options.Type = FrameTypeSet
+		if opt.CacheType != "" {
+			f.options.CacheType = opt.CacheType
+		}
+		if opt.CacheSize != 0 {
+			f.options.CacheSize = opt.CacheSize
+		}
+		f.options.Min = 0
+		f.options.Max = 0
+		f.options.TimeQuantum = ""
+	case FrameTypeInt:
+		f.options.Type = opt.Type
+		f.options.CacheType = CacheTypeNone
+		f.options.CacheSize = 0
+		f.options.Min = opt.Min
+		f.options.Max = opt.Max
+		f.options.TimeQuantum = ""
+
+		// Create new field.
+		field := &oField{
+			Name: f.name,
+			Type: FieldTypeInt,
+			Min:  opt.Min,
+			Max:  opt.Max,
+		}
+		// Validate field.
+		if err := ValidateField(field); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := f.CreateField(field); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "creating field")
+		}
+	case FrameTypeTime:
+		f.options.Type = opt.Type
+		f.options.CacheType = CacheTypeNone
+		f.options.CacheSize = 0
+		f.options.Min = 0
+		f.options.Max = 0
+		// Set the time quantum.
+		if err := f.SetTimeQuantum(opt.TimeQuantum); err != nil {
+			f.Close()
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "setting time quantum")
+		}
+	default:
+		return errors.New("invalid frame type")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Close closes the frame and its views.
 func (f *Frame) Close() error {
 	f.mu.Lock()
@@ -296,7 +379,7 @@ func (f *Frame) Close() error {
 }
 
 // Field returns a field by name.
-func (f *Frame) Field(name string) *Field {
+func (f *Frame) Field(name string) *oField {
 	f.mu.RLock()
 	defer f.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, field := range f.fields {
@@ -307,15 +390,8 @@ func (f *Frame) Field(name string) *Field {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Fields returns the fields on the frame.
-func (f *Frame) Fields() []*Field {
-	f.mu.RLock()
-	defer f.mu.RUnlock()
-	return f.fields
-}
-
-// HasField returns true if a field exists on the frame.
-func (f *Frame) HasField(name string) bool {
+// hasField returns true if a field exists on the frame.
+func (f *Frame) hasField(name string) bool {
 	for _, fld := range f.fields {
 		if fld.Name == name {
 			return true
@@ -325,7 +401,7 @@ func (f *Frame) HasField(name string) bool {
 }
 
 // CreateField creates a new field on the frame.
-func (f *Frame) CreateField(field *Field) error {
+func (f *Frame) CreateField(field *oField) error {
 	f.mu.Lock()
 	defer f.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -338,10 +414,10 @@ func (f *Frame) CreateField(field *Field) error {
 }
 
 // addField adds a single field to fields.
-func (f *Frame) addField(field *Field) error {
+func (f *Frame) addField(field *oField) error {
 	if err := ValidateField(field); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "validating field")
-	} else if f.HasField(field.Name) {
+	} else if f.hasField(field.Name) {
 		return ErrFieldExists
 	}
 
@@ -356,19 +432,6 @@ func (f *Frame) addField(field *Field) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// GetFields returns a list of all the fields in the frame.
-func (f *Frame) GetFields() ([]*Field, error) {
-	f.mu.RLock()
-	defer f.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	err := f.loadMeta()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "loading meta")
-	}
-
-	return f.fields, nil
-}
-
 // DeleteField deletes an existing field on the schema.
 func (f *Frame) DeleteField(name string) error {
 	f.mu.Lock()
@@ -410,7 +473,7 @@ func (f *Frame) deleteField(name string) error {
 func (f *Frame) TimeQuantum() TimeQuantum {
 	f.mu.Lock()
 	defer f.mu.Unlock()
-	return f.timeQuantum
+	return f.options.TimeQuantum
 }
 
 // SetTimeQuantum sets the time quantum for the frame.
@@ -424,7 +487,7 @@ func (f *Frame) SetTimeQuantum(q TimeQuantum) error {
 	}
 
 	// Update value on frame.
-	f.timeQuantum = q
+	f.options.TimeQuantum = q
 
 	// Persist meta data to disk.
 	if err := f.saveMeta(); err != nil {
@@ -526,8 +589,8 @@ func (f *Frame) createViewIfNotExistsBase(name string) (*View, bool, error) {
 }
 
 func (f *Frame) newView(path, name string) *View {
-	view := NewView(path, f.index, f.name, name, f.cacheSize)
-	view.cacheType = f.cacheType
+	view := NewView(path, f.index, f.name, name, f.options.CacheSize)
+	view.cacheType = f.options.CacheType
 	view.Logger = f.Logger
 	view.RowAttrStore = f.rowAttrStore
 	view.stats = f.Stats.WithTags(fmt.Sprintf("view:%s", name))
@@ -614,7 +677,7 @@ func (f *Frame) ClearBit(name string, rowID, colID uint64, t *time.Time) (change
 
 	// Clear non-time bit.
 	if v, err := view.ClearBit(rowID, colID); err != nil {
-		return changed, errors.Wrap(err, "setting on view")
+		return changed, errors.Wrap(err, "clearing on view")
 	} else if v {
 		changed = v
 	}
@@ -632,7 +695,7 @@ func (f *Frame) ClearBit(name string, rowID, colID uint64, t *time.Time) (change
 		}
 
 		if c, err := view.ClearBit(rowID, colID); err != nil {
-			return changed, errors.Wrapf(err, "setting on view %s", subname)
+			return changed, errors.Wrapf(err, "clearing on view %s", subname)
 		} else if c {
 			changed = true
 		}
@@ -918,7 +981,7 @@ func encodeFrames(a []*Frame) []*internal.Frame {
 
 // encodeFrame converts f into its internal representation.
 func encodeFrame(f *Frame) *internal.Frame {
-	fo := f.options()
+	fo := f.options
 	return &internal.Frame{
 		Name:  f.name,
 		Meta:  fo.Encode(),
@@ -947,10 +1010,31 @@ func (p frameInfoSlice) Less(i, j int) bool { return p[i].Name < p[j].Name }
 
 // FrameOptions represents options to set when initializing a frame.
 type FrameOptions struct {
+	Type        string      `json:"type,omitempty"`
 	CacheType   string      `json:"cacheType,omitempty"`
 	CacheSize   uint32      `json:"cacheSize,omitempty"`
-	TimeQuantum TimeQuantum `json:"timeQuantum,omitempty"`
-	Fields      []*Field    `json:"fields,omitempty"`
+	Min         int64       `json:"min,omitempty"`
+	Max         int64       `json:"max,omitempty"`
+	TimeQuantum TimeQuantum `json:"timeQuantum,omitempty"` // TODO: rename this Quantum?
+}
+
+// Validate ensures that FrameOption values are valid.
+func (o *FrameOptions) Validate() error {
+	switch o.Type {
+	case FrameTypeSet, "":
+		// TODO: cacheType, cacheSize validation
+	case FrameTypeInt:
+		if o.Min > o.Max {
+			return ErrInvalidFieldRange
+		}
+	case FrameTypeTime:
+		if o.TimeQuantum == "" || !o.TimeQuantum.Valid() {
+			return ErrInvalidTimeQuantum
+		}
+	default:
+		return errors.New("invalid frame type")
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Encode converts o into its internal representation.
@@ -963,10 +1047,12 @@ func encodeFrameOptions(o *FrameOptions) *internal.FrameMeta {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return &internal.FrameMeta{
+		Type:        o.Type,
 		CacheType:   o.CacheType,
 		CacheSize:   o.CacheSize,
+		Min:         o.Min,
+		Max:         o.Max,
 		TimeQuantum: string(o.TimeQuantum),
-		Fields:      encodeFields(o.Fields),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -975,10 +1061,12 @@ func decodeFrameOptions(options *internal.FrameMeta) *FrameOptions {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return &FrameOptions{
+		Type:        options.Type,
 		CacheType:   options.CacheType,
 		CacheSize:   options.CacheSize,
+		Min:         options.Min,
+		Max:         options.Max,
 		TimeQuantum: TimeQuantum(options.TimeQuantum),
-		Fields:      decodeFields(options.Fields),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -996,8 +1084,9 @@ func IsValidFieldType(v string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
-// Field represents a range field on a frame.
-type Field struct {
+// TODO: finish unexporting this. also, rename it.
+// oField represents a range field on a frame.
+type oField struct {
 	Name string `json:"name,omitempty"`
 	Type string `json:"type,omitempty"`
 	Min  int64  `json:"min,omitempty"`
@@ -1005,7 +1094,7 @@ type Field struct {
 }
 
 // BitDepth returns the number of bits required to store a value between min & max.
-func (f *Field) BitDepth() uint {
+func (f *oField) BitDepth() uint {
 	for i := uint(0); i < 63; i++ {
 		if f.Max-f.Min < (1 << i) {
 			return i
@@ -1026,7 +1115,7 @@ func (f *Field) BitDepth() uint {
 // In order to make this work, we effectively need to change the operator to LTE.
 // Executor.executeFieldRangeSlice() takes this into account and returns
 // `frag.FieldNotNull(field.BitDepth())` in such instances.
-func (f *Field) BaseValue(op pql.Token, value int64) (baseValue uint64, outOfRange bool) {
+func (f *oField) BaseValue(op pql.Token, value int64) (baseValue uint64, outOfRange bool) {
 	if op == pql.GT || op == pql.GTE {
 		if value > f.Max {
 			return baseValue, true
@@ -1051,7 +1140,7 @@ func (f *Field) BaseValue(op pql.Token, value int64) (baseValue uint64, outOfRan
 }
 
 // BaseValueBetween adjusts the min/max value to align with the range for Field.
-func (f *Field) BaseValueBetween(min, max int64) (baseValueMin, baseValueMax uint64, outOfRange bool) {
+func (f *oField) BaseValueBetween(min, max int64) (baseValueMin, baseValueMax uint64, outOfRange bool) {
 	if max < f.Min || min > f.Max {
 		return baseValueMin, baseValueMax, true
 	}
@@ -1068,7 +1157,7 @@ func (f *Field) BaseValueBetween(min, max int64) (baseValueMin, baseValueMax uin
 	return baseValueMin, baseValueMax, false
 }
 
-func ValidateField(f *Field) error {
+func ValidateField(f *oField) error {
 	if f.Name == "" {
 		return ErrFieldNameRequired
 	} else if !IsValidFieldType(f.Type) {
@@ -1079,29 +1168,7 @@ func ValidateField(f *Field) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func encodeFields(a []*Field) []*internal.Field {
-	if len(a) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	other := make([]*internal.Field, len(a))
-	for i := range a {
-		other[i] = encodeField(a[i])
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func decodeFields(a []*internal.Field) []*Field {
-	if len(a) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	other := make([]*Field, len(a))
-	for i := range a {
-		other[i] = decodeField(a[i])
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func encodeField(f *Field) *internal.Field {
+func encodeField(f *oField) *internal.Field {
 	if f == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -1113,11 +1180,11 @@ func encodeField(f *Field) *internal.Field {
 	}
 }
 
-func decodeField(f *internal.Field) *Field {
+func decodeField(f *internal.Field) *oField {
 	if f == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return &Field{
+	return &oField{
 		Name: f.Name,
 		Type: f.Type,
 		Min:  f.Min,
diff --git a/frame_internal_test.go b/frame_internal_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f51ad95e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frame_internal_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Pilosa Corp.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package pilosa
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pilosa/pilosa/pql"
+)
+
+// Ensure a field can adjust to its baseValue.
+func TestField_BaseValue(t *testing.T) {
+	f0 := &oField{
+		Name: "f0",
+		Type: FieldTypeInt,
+		Min:  -100,
+		Max:  900,
+	}
+	f1 := &oField{
+		Name: "f1",
+		Type: FieldTypeInt,
+		Min:  0,
+		Max:  1000,
+	}
+
+	f2 := &oField{
+		Name: "f2",
+		Type: FieldTypeInt,
+		Min:  100,
+		Max:  1100,
+	}
+
+	t.Run("Normal Condition", func(t *testing.T) {
+
+		for _, tt := range []struct {
+			f             *oField
+			op            pql.Token
+			val           int64
+			expBaseValue  uint64
+			expOutOfRange bool
+		}{
+			// LT
+			{f0, pql.LT, 5, 105, false},
+			{f0, pql.LT, -8, 92, false},
+			{f0, pql.LT, -108, 0, true},
+			{f0, pql.LT, 1005, 1000, false},
+			{f0, pql.LT, 0, 100, false},
+
+			{f1, pql.LT, 5, 5, false},
+			{f1, pql.LT, -8, 0, true},
+			{f1, pql.LT, 1005, 1000, false},
+			{f1, pql.LT, 0, 0, false},
+
+			{f2, pql.LT, 5, 0, true},
+			{f2, pql.LT, -8, 0, true},
+			{f2, pql.LT, 105, 5, false},
+			{f2, pql.LT, 1105, 1000, false},
+
+			// GT
+			{f0, pql.GT, -105, 0, false},
+			{f0, pql.GT, 5, 105, false},
+			{f0, pql.GT, 905, 0, true},
+			{f0, pql.GT, 0, 100, false},
+
+			{f1, pql.GT, 5, 5, false},
+			{f1, pql.GT, -8, 0, false},
+			{f1, pql.GT, 1005, 0, true},
+			{f1, pql.GT, 0, 0, false},
+
+			{f2, pql.GT, 5, 0, false},
+			{f2, pql.GT, -8, 0, false},
+			{f2, pql.GT, 105, 5, false},
+			{f2, pql.GT, 1105, 0, true},
+
+			// EQ
+			{f0, pql.EQ, -105, 0, true},
+			{f0, pql.EQ, 5, 105, false},
+			{f0, pql.EQ, 905, 0, true},
+			{f0, pql.EQ, 0, 100, false},
+
+			{f1, pql.EQ, 5, 5, false},
+			{f1, pql.EQ, -8, 0, true},
+			{f1, pql.EQ, 1005, 0, true},
+			{f1, pql.EQ, 0, 0, false},
+
+			{f2, pql.EQ, 5, 0, true},
+			{f2, pql.EQ, -8, 0, true},
+			{f2, pql.EQ, 105, 5, false},
+			{f2, pql.EQ, 1105, 0, true},
+		} {
+			bv, oor := tt.f.BaseValue(tt.op, tt.val)
+			if oor != tt.expOutOfRange {
+				t.Fatalf("baseValue calculation on %s op %s, expected outOfRange %v, got %v", tt.f.Name, tt.op, tt.expOutOfRange, oor)
+			} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(bv, tt.expBaseValue) {
+				t.Fatalf("baseValue calculation on %s, expected value %v, got %v", tt.f.Name, tt.expBaseValue, bv)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Betwween Condition", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, tt := range []struct {
+			f               *oField
+			predMin         int64
+			predMax         int64
+			expBaseValueMin uint64
+			expBaseValueMax uint64
+			expOutOfRange   bool
+		}{
+
+			{f0, -205, -105, 0, 0, true},
+			{f0, -105, 80, 0, 180, false},
+			{f0, 5, 20, 105, 120, false},
+			{f0, 20, 1005, 120, 1000, false},
+			{f0, 1005, 2000, 0, 0, true},
+
+			{f1, -105, -5, 0, 0, true},
+			{f1, -5, 20, 0, 20, false},
+			{f1, 5, 20, 5, 20, false},
+			{f1, 20, 1005, 20, 1000, false},
+			{f1, 1005, 2000, 0, 0, true},
+
+			{f2, 5, 95, 0, 0, true},
+			{f2, 95, 120, 0, 20, false},
+			{f2, 105, 120, 5, 20, false},
+			{f2, 120, 1105, 20, 1000, false},
+			{f2, 1105, 2000, 0, 0, true},
+		} {
+			min, max, oor := tt.f.BaseValueBetween(tt.predMin, tt.predMax)
+			if oor != tt.expOutOfRange {
+				t.Fatalf("baseValueBetween calculation on %s, expected outOfRange %v, got %v", tt.f.Name, tt.expOutOfRange, oor)
+			} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(min, tt.expBaseValueMin) || !reflect.DeepEqual(max, tt.expBaseValueMax) {
+				t.Fatalf("baseValueBetween calculation on %s, expected min/max %v/%v, got %v/%v", tt.f.Name, tt.expBaseValueMin, tt.expBaseValueMax, min, max)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/frame_test.go b/frame_test.go
index 78014bbce..8ad9b020a 100644
--- a/frame_test.go
+++ b/frame_test.go
@@ -16,11 +16,9 @@ package pilosa_test
 
 import (
 	"io/ioutil"
-	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/pilosa/pilosa"
-	"github.com/pilosa/pilosa/pql"
 	"github.com/pilosa/pilosa/test"
 )
 
@@ -52,7 +50,10 @@ func TestFrame_CreateViewIfNotExists(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Ensure frame can set its time quantum.
 func TestFrame_SetTimeQuantum(t *testing.T) {
-	f := test.MustOpenFrame()
+	fo := pilosa.FrameOptions{
+		Type: "time",
+	}
+	f := test.MustOpenFrame(pilosa.OptFrameFrameOptions(fo))
 	defer f.Close()
 
 	// Set & retrieve time quantum.
@@ -77,31 +78,23 @@ func TestFrame_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 		defer idx.Close()
 
 		f, err := idx.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-			Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-				{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 30},
-				{Name: "field1", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 20, Max: 25},
-			},
+			Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+			Min:  0,
+			Max:  30,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		// Set value on first field.
-		if changed, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "field0", 21); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if !changed {
-			t.Fatal("expected change")
-		}
-
-		// Set value on same column but different field.
-		if changed, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "field1", 25); err != nil {
+		// Set value on field.
+		if changed, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "f", 21); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !changed {
 			t.Fatal("expected change")
 		}
 
 		// Read value.
-		if value, exists, err := f.FieldValue(100, "field0"); err != nil {
+		if value, exists, err := f.FieldValue(100, "f"); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if value != 21 {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected value: %d", value)
@@ -110,7 +103,7 @@ func TestFrame_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		// Setting value should return no change.
-		if changed, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "field0", 21); err != nil {
+		if changed, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "f", 21); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if changed {
 			t.Fatal("expected no change")
@@ -122,30 +115,30 @@ func TestFrame_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 		defer idx.Close()
 
 		f, err := idx.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-			Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-				{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 30},
-			},
+			Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+			Min:  0,
+			Max:  30,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		// Set value.
-		if changed, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "field0", 21); err != nil {
+		if changed, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "f", 21); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !changed {
 			t.Fatal("expected change")
 		}
 
 		// Set different value.
-		if changed, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "field0", 23); err != nil {
+		if changed, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "f", 23); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if !changed {
 			t.Fatal("expected change")
 		}
 
 		// Read value.
-		if value, exists, err := f.FieldValue(100, "field0"); err != nil {
+		if value, exists, err := f.FieldValue(100, "f"); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if value != 23 {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected value: %d", value)
@@ -159,9 +152,9 @@ func TestFrame_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 		defer idx.Close()
 
 		f, err := idx.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-			Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-				{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 30},
-			},
+			Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+			Min:  0,
+			Max:  30,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
@@ -178,16 +171,16 @@ func TestFrame_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 		defer idx.Close()
 
 		f, err := idx.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-			Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-				{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 20, Max: 30},
-			},
+			Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+			Min:  20,
+			Max:  30,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		// Set value.
-		if _, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "field0", 15); err != pilosa.ErrFieldValueTooLow {
+		if _, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "f", 15); err != pilosa.ErrFieldValueTooLow {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 		}
 	})
@@ -197,16 +190,16 @@ func TestFrame_SetFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 		defer idx.Close()
 
 		f, err := idx.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-			Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-				{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 20, Max: 30},
-			},
+			Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+			Min:  20,
+			Max:  30,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		// Set value.
-		if _, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "field0", 31); err != pilosa.ErrFieldValueTooHigh {
+		if _, err := f.SetFieldValue(100, "f", 31); err != pilosa.ErrFieldValueTooHigh {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 		}
 	})
@@ -294,130 +287,3 @@ func TestFrame_DeleteView(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("failed to create new view")
 	}
 }
-
-// Ensure a field can adjust to its baseValue.
-func TestField_BaseValue(t *testing.T) {
-	f0 := &pilosa.Field{
-		Name: "f0",
-		Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt,
-		Min:  -100,
-		Max:  900,
-	}
-	f1 := &pilosa.Field{
-		Name: "f1",
-		Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt,
-		Min:  0,
-		Max:  1000,
-	}
-
-	f2 := &pilosa.Field{
-		Name: "f2",
-		Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt,
-		Min:  100,
-		Max:  1100,
-	}
-
-	t.Run("Normal Condition", func(t *testing.T) {
-
-		for _, tt := range []struct {
-			f             *pilosa.Field
-			op            pql.Token
-			val           int64
-			expBaseValue  uint64
-			expOutOfRange bool
-		}{
-			// LT
-			{f0, pql.LT, 5, 105, false},
-			{f0, pql.LT, -8, 92, false},
-			{f0, pql.LT, -108, 0, true},
-			{f0, pql.LT, 1005, 1000, false},
-			{f0, pql.LT, 0, 100, false},
-
-			{f1, pql.LT, 5, 5, false},
-			{f1, pql.LT, -8, 0, true},
-			{f1, pql.LT, 1005, 1000, false},
-			{f1, pql.LT, 0, 0, false},
-
-			{f2, pql.LT, 5, 0, true},
-			{f2, pql.LT, -8, 0, true},
-			{f2, pql.LT, 105, 5, false},
-			{f2, pql.LT, 1105, 1000, false},
-
-			// GT
-			{f0, pql.GT, -105, 0, false},
-			{f0, pql.GT, 5, 105, false},
-			{f0, pql.GT, 905, 0, true},
-			{f0, pql.GT, 0, 100, false},
-
-			{f1, pql.GT, 5, 5, false},
-			{f1, pql.GT, -8, 0, false},
-			{f1, pql.GT, 1005, 0, true},
-			{f1, pql.GT, 0, 0, false},
-
-			{f2, pql.GT, 5, 0, false},
-			{f2, pql.GT, -8, 0, false},
-			{f2, pql.GT, 105, 5, false},
-			{f2, pql.GT, 1105, 0, true},
-
-			// EQ
-			{f0, pql.EQ, -105, 0, true},
-			{f0, pql.EQ, 5, 105, false},
-			{f0, pql.EQ, 905, 0, true},
-			{f0, pql.EQ, 0, 100, false},
-
-			{f1, pql.EQ, 5, 5, false},
-			{f1, pql.EQ, -8, 0, true},
-			{f1, pql.EQ, 1005, 0, true},
-			{f1, pql.EQ, 0, 0, false},
-
-			{f2, pql.EQ, 5, 0, true},
-			{f2, pql.EQ, -8, 0, true},
-			{f2, pql.EQ, 105, 5, false},
-			{f2, pql.EQ, 1105, 0, true},
-		} {
-			bv, oor := tt.f.BaseValue(tt.op, tt.val)
-			if oor != tt.expOutOfRange {
-				t.Fatalf("baseValue calculation on %s op %s, expected outOfRange %v, got %v", tt.f.Name, tt.op, tt.expOutOfRange, oor)
-			} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(bv, tt.expBaseValue) {
-				t.Fatalf("baseValue calculation on %s, expected value %v, got %v", tt.f.Name, tt.expBaseValue, bv)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Betwween Condition", func(t *testing.T) {
-		for _, tt := range []struct {
-			f               *pilosa.Field
-			predMin         int64
-			predMax         int64
-			expBaseValueMin uint64
-			expBaseValueMax uint64
-			expOutOfRange   bool
-		}{
-
-			{f0, -205, -105, 0, 0, true},
-			{f0, -105, 80, 0, 180, false},
-			{f0, 5, 20, 105, 120, false},
-			{f0, 20, 1005, 120, 1000, false},
-			{f0, 1005, 2000, 0, 0, true},
-
-			{f1, -105, -5, 0, 0, true},
-			{f1, -5, 20, 0, 20, false},
-			{f1, 5, 20, 5, 20, false},
-			{f1, 20, 1005, 20, 1000, false},
-			{f1, 1005, 2000, 0, 0, true},
-
-			{f2, 5, 95, 0, 0, true},
-			{f2, 95, 120, 0, 20, false},
-			{f2, 105, 120, 5, 20, false},
-			{f2, 120, 1105, 20, 1000, false},
-			{f2, 1105, 2000, 0, 0, true},
-		} {
-			min, max, oor := tt.f.BaseValueBetween(tt.predMin, tt.predMax)
-			if oor != tt.expOutOfRange {
-				t.Fatalf("baseValueBetween calculation on %s, expected outOfRange %v, got %v", tt.f.Name, tt.expOutOfRange, oor)
-			} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(min, tt.expBaseValueMin) || !reflect.DeepEqual(max, tt.expBaseValueMax) {
-				t.Fatalf("baseValueBetween calculation on %s, expected min/max %v/%v, got %v/%v", tt.f.Name, tt.expBaseValueMin, tt.expBaseValueMax, min, max)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/handler.go b/handler.go
index 9ddabaeeb..d4ed5ab37 100644
--- a/handler.go
+++ b/handler.go
@@ -169,9 +169,6 @@ func NewRouter(handler *Handler) *mux.Router {
 	router.HandleFunc("/index/{index}/frame/{frame}", handler.handlePostFrame).Methods("POST")
 	router.HandleFunc("/index/{index}/frame/{frame}", handler.handleDeleteFrame).Methods("DELETE")
 	router.HandleFunc("/index/{index}/frame/{frame}/attr/diff", handler.handlePostFrameAttrDiff).Methods("POST")
-	router.HandleFunc("/index/{index}/frame/{frame}/field/{field}", handler.handlePostFrameField).Methods("POST")
-	router.HandleFunc("/index/{index}/frame/{frame}/fields", handler.handleGetFrameFields).Methods("GET")
-	router.HandleFunc("/index/{index}/frame/{frame}/field/{field}", handler.handleDeleteFrameField).Methods("DELETE")
 	router.HandleFunc("/index/{index}/query", handler.handlePostQuery).Methods("POST").Name("PostQuery")
 	router.HandleFunc("/recalculate-caches", handler.handleRecalculateCaches).Methods("POST")
 
@@ -608,99 +605,6 @@ func (h *Handler) handleDeleteFrame(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 type deleteFrameResponse struct{}
 
-// handlePostFrameField handles POST /frame/field request.
-func (h *Handler) handlePostFrameField(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	indexName := mux.Vars(r)["index"]
-	frameName := mux.Vars(r)["frame"]
-	fieldName := mux.Vars(r)["field"]
-
-	// Decode request.
-	var req postFrameFieldRequest
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
-		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	field := &Field{
-		Name: fieldName,
-		Type: req.Type,
-		Min:  req.Min,
-		Max:  req.Max,
-	}
-
-	if err := h.API.CreateField(r.Context(), indexName, frameName, field); err != nil {
-		if errors.Cause(err) == ErrFrameNotFound {
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusNotFound)
-		} else {
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Encode response.
-	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(postFrameFieldResponse{}); err != nil {
-		h.Logger.Printf("response encoding error: %s", err)
-	}
-}
-
-type postFrameFieldRequest struct {
-	Type string `json:"type,omitempty"`
-	Min  int64  `json:"min,omitempty"`
-	Max  int64  `json:"max,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type postFrameFieldResponse struct{}
-
-// handleDeleteFrameField handles DELETE /frame/field request.
-func (h *Handler) handleDeleteFrameField(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	indexName := mux.Vars(r)["index"]
-	frameName := mux.Vars(r)["frame"]
-	fieldName := mux.Vars(r)["field"]
-
-	if err := h.API.DeleteField(r.Context(), indexName, frameName, fieldName); err != nil {
-		if errors.Cause(err) == ErrFrameNotFound {
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusNotFound)
-		} else {
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Encode response.
-	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(deleteFrameFieldResponse{}); err != nil {
-		h.Logger.Printf("response encoding error: %s", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *Handler) handleGetFrameFields(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	indexName := mux.Vars(r)["index"]
-	frameName := mux.Vars(r)["frame"]
-
-	fields, err := h.API.Fields(r.Context(), indexName, frameName)
-	if err != nil {
-		switch errors.Cause(err) {
-		case ErrIndexNotFound:
-			fallthrough
-		case ErrFrameNotFound:
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusNotFound)
-		default:
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Encode response.
-	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(getFrameFieldsResponse{Fields: fields}); err != nil {
-		h.Logger.Printf("response encoding error: %s", err)
-	}
-}
-
-type getFrameFieldsResponse struct {
-	Fields []*Field `json:"fields,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type deleteFrameFieldResponse struct{}
-
 // handlePostFrameAttrDiff handles POST /frame/attr/diff requests.
 func (h *Handler) handlePostFrameAttrDiff(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	indexName := mux.Vars(r)["index"]
diff --git a/handler_test.go b/handler_test.go
index a7ba8fa85..30bba9254 100644
--- a/handler_test.go
+++ b/handler_test.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ package pilosa_test
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -817,245 +816,6 @@ func TestHandler_Frame_AttrStore_Diff(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Ensure the handler can create a new field on an existing frame.
-func TestHandler_Frame_AddField(t *testing.T) {
-	hldr := test.MustOpenHolder()
-	defer hldr.Close()
-
-	s := test.NewServer()
-	s.Handler.API.Holder = hldr.Holder
-	defer s.Close()
-
-	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
-		idx := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
-		f, err := idx.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := http.Post(
-			s.URL+"/index/i/frame/f/field/x",
-			"application/json",
-			strings.NewReader(`{"type":"int","min":100,"max":200}`),
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if err := resp.Body.Close(); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-		}
-
-		if field := f.Field("x"); !reflect.DeepEqual(field, &pilosa.Field{Name: "x", Type: "int", Min: 100, Max: 200}) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected field: %#v", field)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ErrInvalidFieldType", func(t *testing.T) {
-		idx := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
-		if _, err := idx.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := http.Post(
-			s.URL+"/index/i/frame/f/field/x",
-			"application/json",
-			strings.NewReader(`{"type":"bad_type","min":100,"max":200}`),
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if body := MustReadAll(resp.Body); string(body) != `creating field: validating field: invalid field type`+"\n" {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected body: %q", body)
-		} else if err := resp.Body.Close(); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusInternalServerError {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ErrInvalidFieldRange", func(t *testing.T) {
-		idx := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
-		if _, err := idx.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := http.Post(
-			s.URL+"/index/i/frame/f/field/x",
-			"application/json",
-			strings.NewReader(`{"type":"int","min":200,"max":100}`),
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if body := MustReadAll(resp.Body); string(body) != `creating field: validating field: invalid field range`+"\n" {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected body: %q", body)
-		} else if err := resp.Body.Close(); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusInternalServerError {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ErrFieldAlreadyExists", func(t *testing.T) {
-		idx := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
-		if _, err := idx.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-			Fields: []*pilosa.Field{{Name: "x", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 100}},
-		}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := http.Post(
-			s.URL+"/index/i/frame/f/field/x",
-			"application/json",
-			strings.NewReader(`{"type":"int","min":0,"max":100}`),
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if body := MustReadAll(resp.Body); string(body) != `creating field: field already exists`+"\n" {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected body: %q", body)
-		} else if err := resp.Body.Close(); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusInternalServerError {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// Ensure the handler can delete existing fields.
-func TestHandler_Frame_DeleteField(t *testing.T) {
-	hldr := test.MustOpenHolder()
-	defer hldr.Close()
-
-	s := test.NewServer()
-	s.Handler.API.Holder = hldr.Holder
-	defer s.Close()
-
-	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
-		idx := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
-		f, err := idx.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if err := f.CreateField(&pilosa.Field{Name: "x", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 100}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", s.URL+"/index/i/frame/f/field/x", nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if err := resp.Body.Close(); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-		}
-
-		if field := f.Field("x"); field != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("expected nil field, got: %#v", field)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ErrFieldNotFound", func(t *testing.T) {
-		idx := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
-		f, err := idx.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if err := f.CreateField(&pilosa.Field{Name: "x", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 0, Max: 100}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", s.URL+"/index/i/frame/f/field/y", nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if strings.TrimSpace(string(body)) != `deleting field: field not found` {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected body: %q", body)
-		} else if err := resp.Body.Close(); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusInternalServerError {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestHandler_Frame_GetFields(t *testing.T) {
-	hldr := test.MustOpenHolder()
-	defer hldr.Close()
-
-	s := test.NewServer()
-	s.Handler.API.Holder = hldr.Holder
-	defer s.Close()
-
-	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
-		idx := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
-		f, err := idx.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if err := f.CreateField(&pilosa.Field{Name: "x", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 1, Max: 100}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		resp, err := http.Get(s.URL + "/index/i/frame/f/fields")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-		}
-
-		var fields FrameFields
-		body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(body), &fields); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		field := fields.Fields[0]
-		if field.Name != "x" {
-			t.Fatalf("expected field's name: x, actuall name: %v", field.Name)
-		} else if field.Min != 1 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected field's min: x, actuall min: %v", field.Min)
-		} else if field.Max != 100 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected field's max: x, actuall max: %v", field.Max)
-		}
-
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ErrFrameFieldNotAllowed", func(t *testing.T) {
-		idx := hldr.MustCreateIndexIfNotExists("i", pilosa.IndexOptions{})
-		_, err := idx.CreateFrameIfNotExists("f1", pilosa.FrameOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("creating frame: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := http.Get(s.URL + "/index/i/frame/f1/fields")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-		} else if body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if strings.TrimSpace(string(body)) == `frame fields not allowed` {
-			t.Fatalf("shouldn't get frame fields not allowed error: %q", body)
-		}
-	})
-
-}
-
-type FrameFields struct {
-	Fields []pilosa.Field
-}
-
 // Ensure the handler can retrieve the version.
 func TestHandler_Version(t *testing.T) {
 	hldr := test.MustOpenHolder()
diff --git a/index.go b/index.go
index 534930cd5..7829903aa 100644
--- a/index.go
+++ b/index.go
@@ -299,11 +299,9 @@ func (i *Index) createFrame(name string, opt FrameOptions) (*Frame, error) {
 		return nil, ErrInvalidCacheType
 	}
 
-	// Validate fields.
-	for _, field := range opt.Fields {
-		if err := ValidateField(field); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+	// Validate options.
+	if err := opt.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "validating options")
 	}
 
 	// Initialize frame.
@@ -317,25 +315,12 @@ func (i *Index) createFrame(name string, opt FrameOptions) (*Frame, error) {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "opening")
 	}
 
-	// Set the time quantum.
-	if err := f.SetTimeQuantum(opt.TimeQuantum); err != nil {
+	// Apply frame options.
+	if err := f.applyOptions(opt); err != nil {
 		f.Close()
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "setting time quantum")
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "applying options")
 	}
 
-	// Set cache type.
-	if opt.CacheType == "" {
-		opt.CacheType = DefaultCacheType
-	}
-	f.cacheType = opt.CacheType
-
-	if opt.CacheSize != 0 {
-		f.cacheSize = opt.CacheSize
-	}
-
-	// Set fields.
-	f.fields = opt.Fields
-
 	if err := f.saveMeta(); err != nil {
 		f.Close()
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "saving meta")
diff --git a/index_test.go b/index_test.go
index 0a42804e2..3a4ee48bc 100644
--- a/index_test.go
+++ b/index_test.go
@@ -57,7 +57,10 @@ func TestIndex_CreateFrame(t *testing.T) {
 			defer index.Close()
 
 			// Create frame with explicit quantum.
-			f, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{TimeQuantum: pilosa.TimeQuantum("YMDH")})
+			f, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+				Type:        pilosa.FrameTypeTime,
+				TimeQuantum: pilosa.TimeQuantum("YMDH"),
+			})
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			} else if q := f.TimeQuantum(); q != pilosa.TimeQuantum("YMDH") {
@@ -74,103 +77,100 @@ func TestIndex_CreateFrame(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Create frame with schema and verify it exists.
 			if f, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-				Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-					{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 10, Max: 20},
-					{Name: "field1", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 11, Max: 21},
-				},
+				Type: pilosa.FrameTypeInt,
+				Min:  10,
+				Max:  20,
 			}); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
-			} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(f.Fields(), []*pilosa.Field{
-				{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 10, Max: 20},
-				{Name: "field1", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 11, Max: 21},
-			}) {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected fields: %#v", f.Fields())
+			} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(f.Type(), pilosa.FrameTypeInt) {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected type: %#v", f.Type())
 			}
 
 			// Reopen the index & verify the fields are loaded.
 			if err := index.Reopen(); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
-			} else if f := index.Frame("f"); !reflect.DeepEqual(f.Fields(), []*pilosa.Field{
-				{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 10, Max: 20},
-				{Name: "field1", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 11, Max: 21},
-			}) {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected fields after reopen: %#v", f.Fields())
+			} else if f := index.Frame("f"); !reflect.DeepEqual(f.Type(), pilosa.FrameTypeInt) {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected type after reopen: %#v", f.Type())
 			}
 		})
 
-		t.Run("ErrRangeCacheAllowed", func(t *testing.T) {
-			index := test.MustOpenIndex()
-			defer index.Close()
+		// TODO: These errors don't apply  here. Instead, we need these tests
+		// on frame creation FrameOptions validation.
+		/*
+			t.Run("ErrRangeCacheAllowed", func(t *testing.T) {
+				index := test.MustOpenIndex()
+				defer index.Close()
 
-			if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-				CacheType: pilosa.CacheTypeRanked,
-			}); err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		})
+				if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+					CacheType: pilosa.CacheTypeRanked,
+				}); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			})
 
-		t.Run("BSIFieldsWithCacheTypeNone", func(t *testing.T) {
-			index := test.MustOpenIndex()
-			defer index.Close()
-			if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-				CacheType: pilosa.CacheTypeNone,
-				CacheSize: uint32(5),
-			}); err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		})
+			t.Run("BSIFieldsWithCacheTypeNone", func(t *testing.T) {
+				index := test.MustOpenIndex()
+				defer index.Close()
+				if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+					CacheType: pilosa.CacheTypeNone,
+					CacheSize: uint32(5),
+				}); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			})
 
-		t.Run("ErrFrameFieldsAllowed", func(t *testing.T) {
-			index := test.MustOpenIndex()
-			defer index.Close()
+			t.Run("ErrFrameFieldsAllowed", func(t *testing.T) {
+				index := test.MustOpenIndex()
+				defer index.Close()
 
-			if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-				Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-					{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt},
-				},
-			}); err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		})
+				if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+					Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
+						{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt},
+					},
+				}); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			})
 
-		t.Run("ErrFieldNameRequired", func(t *testing.T) {
-			index := test.MustOpenIndex()
-			defer index.Close()
+			t.Run("ErrFieldNameRequired", func(t *testing.T) {
+				index := test.MustOpenIndex()
+				defer index.Close()
 
-			if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-				Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-					{Name: "", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt},
-				},
-			}); err != pilosa.ErrFieldNameRequired {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		})
+				if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+					Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
+						{Name: "", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt},
+					},
+				}); err != pilosa.ErrFieldNameRequired {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			})
 
-		t.Run("ErrInvalidFieldType", func(t *testing.T) {
-			index := test.MustOpenIndex()
-			defer index.Close()
+			t.Run("ErrInvalidFieldType", func(t *testing.T) {
+				index := test.MustOpenIndex()
+				defer index.Close()
 
-			if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-				Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-					{Name: "field0", Type: "bad_type"},
-				},
-			}); err != pilosa.ErrInvalidFieldType {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		})
+				if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+					Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
+						{Name: "field0", Type: "bad_type"},
+					},
+				}); err != pilosa.ErrInvalidFieldType {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			})
 
-		t.Run("ErrInvalidFieldRange", func(t *testing.T) {
-			index := test.MustOpenIndex()
-			defer index.Close()
+			t.Run("ErrInvalidFieldRange", func(t *testing.T) {
+				index := test.MustOpenIndex()
+				defer index.Close()
 
-			if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
-				Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
-					{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 100, Max: 50},
-				},
-			}); err != pilosa.ErrInvalidFieldRange {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		})
+				if _, err := index.CreateFrame("f", pilosa.FrameOptions{
+					Fields: []*pilosa.Field{
+						{Name: "field0", Type: pilosa.FieldTypeInt, Min: 100, Max: 50},
+					},
+				}); err != pilosa.ErrInvalidFieldRange {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			})
+		*/
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/private.pb.go b/internal/private.pb.go
index 35b452dce..20909445c 100644
--- a/internal/private.pb.go
+++ b/internal/private.pb.go
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-// Code generated by protoc-gen-gogo. DO NOT EDIT.
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-gogo.
 // source: private.proto
+// DO NOT EDIT!
 
 /*
 	Package internal is a generated protocol buffer package.
@@ -70,10 +71,12 @@ func (*IndexMeta) ProtoMessage()               {}
 func (*IndexMeta) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptorPrivate, []int{0} }
 
 type FrameMeta struct {
-	CacheType   string   `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=CacheType,proto3" json:"CacheType,omitempty"`
-	CacheSize   uint32   `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=CacheSize,proto3" json:"CacheSize,omitempty"`
-	TimeQuantum string   `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=TimeQuantum,proto3" json:"TimeQuantum,omitempty"`
-	Fields      []*Field `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=Fields" json:"Fields,omitempty"`
+	Type        string `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=Type,proto3" json:"Type,omitempty"`
+	CacheType   string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=CacheType,proto3" json:"CacheType,omitempty"`
+	CacheSize   uint32 `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=CacheSize,proto3" json:"CacheSize,omitempty"`
+	Min         int64  `protobuf:"varint,9,opt,name=Min,proto3" json:"Min,omitempty"`
+	Max         int64  `protobuf:"varint,10,opt,name=Max,proto3" json:"Max,omitempty"`
+	TimeQuantum string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=TimeQuantum,proto3" json:"TimeQuantum,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (m *FrameMeta) Reset()                    { *m = FrameMeta{} }
@@ -81,6 +84,13 @@ func (m *FrameMeta) String() string            { return proto.CompactTextString(
 func (*FrameMeta) ProtoMessage()               {}
 func (*FrameMeta) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptorPrivate, []int{1} }
 
+func (m *FrameMeta) GetType() string {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Type
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 func (m *FrameMeta) GetCacheType() string {
 	if m != nil {
 		return m.CacheType
@@ -95,6 +105,20 @@ func (m *FrameMeta) GetCacheSize() uint32 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+func (m *FrameMeta) GetMin() int64 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Min
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (m *FrameMeta) GetMax() int64 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Max
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 func (m *FrameMeta) GetTimeQuantum() string {
 	if m != nil {
 		return m.TimeQuantum
@@ -102,13 +126,6 @@ func (m *FrameMeta) GetTimeQuantum() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func (m *FrameMeta) GetFields() []*Field {
-	if m != nil {
-		return m.Fields
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 type ImportResponse struct {
 	Err string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=Err,proto3" json:"Err,omitempty"`
 }
@@ -1052,17 +1069,21 @@ func (m *FrameMeta) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 		i = encodeVarintPrivate(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.TimeQuantum)))
 		i += copy(dAtA[i:], m.TimeQuantum)
 	}
-	if len(m.Fields) > 0 {
-		for _, msg := range m.Fields {
-			dAtA[i] = 0x3a
-			i++
-			i = encodeVarintPrivate(dAtA, i, uint64(msg.Size()))
-			n, err := msg.MarshalTo(dAtA[i:])
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			i += n
-		}
+	if len(m.Type) > 0 {
+		dAtA[i] = 0x42
+		i++
+		i = encodeVarintPrivate(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.Type)))
+		i += copy(dAtA[i:], m.Type)
+	}
+	if m.Min != 0 {
+		dAtA[i] = 0x48
+		i++
+		i = encodeVarintPrivate(dAtA, i, uint64(m.Min))
+	}
+	if m.Max != 0 {
+		dAtA[i] = 0x50
+		i++
+		i = encodeVarintPrivate(dAtA, i, uint64(m.Max))
 	}
 	return i, nil
 }
@@ -2228,6 +2249,24 @@ func (m *RecalculateCaches) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	return i, nil
 }
 
+func encodeFixed64Private(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint64) int {
+	dAtA[offset] = uint8(v)
+	dAtA[offset+1] = uint8(v >> 8)
+	dAtA[offset+2] = uint8(v >> 16)
+	dAtA[offset+3] = uint8(v >> 24)
+	dAtA[offset+4] = uint8(v >> 32)
+	dAtA[offset+5] = uint8(v >> 40)
+	dAtA[offset+6] = uint8(v >> 48)
+	dAtA[offset+7] = uint8(v >> 56)
+	return offset + 8
+}
+func encodeFixed32Private(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint32) int {
+	dAtA[offset] = uint8(v)
+	dAtA[offset+1] = uint8(v >> 8)
+	dAtA[offset+2] = uint8(v >> 16)
+	dAtA[offset+3] = uint8(v >> 24)
+	return offset + 4
+}
 func encodeVarintPrivate(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint64) int {
 	for v >= 1<<7 {
 		dAtA[offset] = uint8(v&0x7f | 0x80)
@@ -2257,11 +2296,15 @@ func (m *FrameMeta) Size() (n int) {
 	if l > 0 {
 		n += 1 + l + sovPrivate(uint64(l))
 	}
-	if len(m.Fields) > 0 {
-		for _, e := range m.Fields {
-			l = e.Size()
-			n += 1 + l + sovPrivate(uint64(l))
-		}
+	l = len(m.Type)
+	if l > 0 {
+		n += 1 + l + sovPrivate(uint64(l))
+	}
+	if m.Min != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovPrivate(uint64(m.Min))
+	}
+	if m.Max != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovPrivate(uint64(m.Max))
 	}
 	return n
 }
@@ -2939,11 +2982,11 @@ func (m *FrameMeta) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			}
 			m.TimeQuantum = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
 			iNdEx = postIndex
-		case 7:
+		case 8:
 			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Fields", wireType)
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Type", wireType)
 			}
-			var msglen int
+			var stringLen uint64
 			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 				if shift >= 64 {
 					return ErrIntOverflowPrivate
@@ -2953,23 +2996,59 @@ func (m *FrameMeta) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				}
 				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 				iNdEx++
-				msglen |= (int(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+				stringLen |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
 				if b < 0x80 {
 					break
 				}
 			}
-			if msglen < 0 {
+			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
+			if intStringLen < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthPrivate
 			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
-			m.Fields = append(m.Fields, &Field{})
-			if err := m.Fields[len(m.Fields)-1].Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+			m.Type = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
 			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 9:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Min", wireType)
+			}
+			m.Min = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowPrivate
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.Min |= (int64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		case 10:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Max", wireType)
+			}
+			m.Max = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowPrivate
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.Max |= (int64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
 		default:
 			iNdEx = preIndex
 			skippy, err := skipPrivate(dAtA[iNdEx:])
@@ -3586,14 +3665,51 @@ func (m *MaxSlices) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
+			var keykey uint64
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowPrivate
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				keykey |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			var stringLenmapkey uint64
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowPrivate
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				stringLenmapkey |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			intStringLenmapkey := int(stringLenmapkey)
+			if intStringLenmapkey < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthPrivate
+			}
+			postStringIndexmapkey := iNdEx + intStringLenmapkey
+			if postStringIndexmapkey > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			mapkey := string(dAtA[iNdEx:postStringIndexmapkey])
+			iNdEx = postStringIndexmapkey
 			if m.Standard == nil {
 				m.Standard = make(map[string]uint64)
 			}
-			var mapkey string
-			var mapvalue uint64
-			for iNdEx < postIndex {
-				entryPreIndex := iNdEx
-				var wire uint64
+			if iNdEx < postIndex {
+				var valuekey uint64
 				for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 					if shift >= 64 {
 						return ErrIntOverflowPrivate
@@ -3603,69 +3719,31 @@ func (m *MaxSlices) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 					}
 					b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 					iNdEx++
-					wire |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+					valuekey |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
 					if b < 0x80 {
 						break
 					}
 				}
-				fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
-				if fieldNum == 1 {
-					var stringLenmapkey uint64
-					for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-						if shift >= 64 {
-							return ErrIntOverflowPrivate
-						}
-						if iNdEx >= l {
-							return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-						}
-						b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-						iNdEx++
-						stringLenmapkey |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
-						if b < 0x80 {
-							break
-						}
+				var mapvalue uint64
+				for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+					if shift >= 64 {
+						return ErrIntOverflowPrivate
 					}
-					intStringLenmapkey := int(stringLenmapkey)
-					if intStringLenmapkey < 0 {
-						return ErrInvalidLengthPrivate
-					}
-					postStringIndexmapkey := iNdEx + intStringLenmapkey
-					if postStringIndexmapkey > l {
+					if iNdEx >= l {
 						return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 					}
-					mapkey = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postStringIndexmapkey])
-					iNdEx = postStringIndexmapkey
-				} else if fieldNum == 2 {
-					for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-						if shift >= 64 {
-							return ErrIntOverflowPrivate
-						}
-						if iNdEx >= l {
-							return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-						}
-						b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-						iNdEx++
-						mapvalue |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
-						if b < 0x80 {
-							break
-						}
+					b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+					iNdEx++
+					mapvalue |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+					if b < 0x80 {
+						break
 					}
-				} else {
-					iNdEx = entryPreIndex
-					skippy, err := skipPrivate(dAtA[iNdEx:])
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-					if skippy < 0 {
-						return ErrInvalidLengthPrivate
-					}
-					if (iNdEx + skippy) > postIndex {
-						return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-					}
-					iNdEx += skippy
 				}
+				m.Standard[mapkey] = mapvalue
+			} else {
+				var mapvalue uint64
+				m.Standard[mapkey] = mapvalue
 			}
-			m.Standard[mapkey] = mapvalue
 			iNdEx = postIndex
 		default:
 			iNdEx = preIndex
@@ -6997,70 +7075,70 @@ var (
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("private.proto", fileDescriptorPrivate) }
 
 var fileDescriptorPrivate = []byte{
-	// 1035 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
+	// 1029 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
 	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xac, 0x56, 0xcb, 0x6f, 0x1b, 0x45,
-	0x18, 0x67, 0xbd, 0x6b, 0x27, 0xfe, 0x8c, 0x53, 0x67, 0x5a, 0xc2, 0x16, 0xa1, 0x60, 0x46, 0x45,
-	0x0d, 0x1c, 0xa2, 0x92, 0x5e, 0x78, 0x55, 0x8a, 0x12, 0xa7, 0x62, 0x11, 0x89, 0x60, 0x36, 0xe9,
-	0x01, 0x89, 0xc3, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0xa5, 0xab, 0xac, 0x77, 0xcc, 0xee, 0x6c, 0x1e, 0x3d, 0x70, 0x85,
-	0x0b, 0x17, 0x4e, 0x88, 0xbf, 0x88, 0x23, 0x7f, 0x02, 0x0a, 0xff, 0x08, 0x9a, 0x6f, 0x66, 0x1f,
-	0xf1, 0xa3, 0xa9, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0xfb, 0xbd, 0x5f, 0xbf, 0xef, 0x9b, 0x85, 0xee, 0x24, 0x8d, 0xce,
-	0xb9, 0x12, 0xdb, 0x93, 0x54, 0x2a, 0x49, 0x56, 0xa3, 0x44, 0x89, 0x34, 0xe1, 0x31, 0xed, 0x40,
-	0x3b, 0x48, 0x46, 0xe2, 0xf2, 0x50, 0x28, 0x4e, 0x7f, 0x77, 0xa0, 0xfd, 0x34, 0xe5, 0x63, 0xa1,
-	0x29, 0xf2, 0x3e, 0xb4, 0xf7, 0xf9, 0xf0, 0x85, 0x38, 0xbe, 0x9a, 0x08, 0xdf, 0xed, 0x3b, 0x5b,
-	0x6d, 0x56, 0x31, 0x4a, 0x69, 0x18, 0xbd, 0x14, 0xbe, 0xd7, 0x77, 0xb6, 0xba, 0xac, 0x62, 0x90,
-	0x3e, 0x74, 0x8e, 0xa3, 0xb1, 0xf8, 0x3e, 0xe7, 0x89, 0xca, 0xc7, 0x7e, 0x13, 0xad, 0xeb, 0x2c,
-	0xf2, 0x10, 0x5a, 0x4f, 0x23, 0x11, 0x8f, 0x32, 0x7f, 0xa5, 0xef, 0x6e, 0x75, 0x76, 0xee, 0x6c,
-	0x17, 0x39, 0x6d, 0x23, 0x9f, 0x59, 0x31, 0xa5, 0xb0, 0x16, 0x8c, 0x27, 0x32, 0x55, 0x4c, 0x64,
-	0x13, 0x99, 0x64, 0x82, 0xf4, 0xc0, 0x3d, 0x48, 0x53, 0xdf, 0x41, 0xa7, 0xfa, 0x93, 0xfe, 0x0c,
-	0xbd, 0xbd, 0x58, 0x0e, 0xcf, 0x06, 0x5c, 0x71, 0x26, 0x7e, 0xca, 0x45, 0xa6, 0xc8, 0x3d, 0x68,
-	0x62, 0x65, 0x56, 0xcf, 0x10, 0x9a, 0x8b, 0x15, 0xfa, 0x0d, 0xc3, 0x45, 0x42, 0x73, 0xd1, 0x1e,
-	0xcb, 0xf4, 0x98, 0x21, 0x34, 0x37, 0x8c, 0xa3, 0xa1, 0x29, 0xcf, 0x63, 0x86, 0x20, 0x04, 0xbc,
-	0x67, 0x91, 0xb8, 0xb0, 0x35, 0xe1, 0x37, 0x0d, 0x60, 0xbd, 0x16, 0xdf, 0xa6, 0xb9, 0x01, 0x2d,
-	0x26, 0x2f, 0x82, 0x41, 0xe6, 0x3b, 0x7d, 0x77, 0xcb, 0x63, 0x96, 0xc2, 0xce, 0xc9, 0x38, 0x1f,
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-	0x3b, 0xa8, 0x36, 0x33, 0x04, 0xfd, 0x1c, 0xde, 0x09, 0x85, 0xaa, 0x0d, 0xa9, 0x40, 0x5b, 0x1f,
-	0xdc, 0x23, 0x71, 0xb1, 0xa0, 0x7c, 0x2d, 0xa2, 0x5f, 0x81, 0x7f, 0x32, 0x19, 0x71, 0x25, 0x96,
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-	0xf7, 0xd1, 0xfc, 0xb0, 0xb5, 0x59, 0x41, 0xd2, 0xbb, 0x1a, 0xd0, 0x43, 0x1e, 0x0f, 0xf3, 0x58,
-	0xa7, 0xa1, 0xff, 0xdc, 0xb2, 0xbd, 0xde, 0x5f, 0xd7, 0x9b, 0xce, 0xdf, 0xd7, 0x9b, 0xce, 0x3f,
-	0xd7, 0x9b, 0xce, 0x1f, 0xff, 0x6e, 0xbe, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0x85, 0xff, 0xdd, 0x8f, 0xff, 0x0b, 0x00,
-	0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xd3, 0x15, 0x68, 0xea, 0x88, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x18, 0x67, 0xbd, 0x6b, 0x27, 0xfe, 0x82, 0xd3, 0x64, 0x5a, 0xc2, 0x16, 0xa1, 0x60, 0x46, 0x45,
+	0x18, 0x0e, 0x51, 0x69, 0x2f, 0xbc, 0x2a, 0x45, 0xb1, 0x83, 0x58, 0x44, 0x22, 0x98, 0x4d, 0x7a,
+	0x40, 0xe2, 0x30, 0xb5, 0x47, 0xe9, 0x2a, 0xeb, 0x1d, 0xb3, 0x3b, 0x9b, 0xc4, 0x3d, 0x70, 0x85,
+	0x0b, 0x77, 0xc4, 0x8d, 0xff, 0x86, 0x23, 0x7f, 0x02, 0x0a, 0xff, 0x08, 0x9a, 0x6f, 0x66, 0x1f,
+	0xf1, 0xa3, 0xa9, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0xf3, 0xbd, 0x5f, 0xbf, 0x6f, 0x66, 0xa0, 0x33, 0x49, 0xa3, 0x0b,
+	0xae, 0xc4, 0xde, 0x24, 0x95, 0x4a, 0x92, 0xf5, 0x28, 0x51, 0x22, 0x4d, 0x78, 0x4c, 0x37, 0xa0,
+	0x1d, 0x24, 0x23, 0x71, 0x75, 0x24, 0x14, 0xa7, 0x7f, 0x3a, 0xd0, 0xfe, 0x2a, 0xe5, 0x63, 0xa1,
+	0x29, 0xf2, 0x2e, 0xb4, 0xfb, 0x7c, 0xf8, 0x5c, 0x9c, 0x4c, 0x27, 0xc2, 0x77, 0xbb, 0x4e, 0xaf,
+	0xcd, 0x2a, 0x46, 0x29, 0x0d, 0xa3, 0x17, 0xc2, 0xf7, 0xba, 0x4e, 0xaf, 0xc3, 0x2a, 0x06, 0xe9,
+	0xc2, 0xc6, 0x49, 0x34, 0x16, 0xdf, 0xe7, 0x3c, 0x51, 0xf9, 0xd8, 0x6f, 0xa2, 0x75, 0x9d, 0x45,
+	0x08, 0x78, 0xe8, 0x78, 0x1d, 0x45, 0x78, 0x26, 0x5b, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0x45, 0x89, 0xdf, 0xee, 0x3a,
+	0x3d, 0x97, 0xe9, 0x23, 0x72, 0xf8, 0x95, 0x0f, 0x96, 0xc3, 0xaf, 0x28, 0x85, 0xcd, 0x60, 0x3c,
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+	0x17, 0xed, 0xb1, 0x6a, 0x8f, 0x19, 0x42, 0x73, 0xc3, 0x38, 0x1a, 0x9a, 0x6a, 0x3d, 0x66, 0x08,
+	0x5d, 0xc7, 0xd3, 0x48, 0x5c, 0xda, 0x12, 0xf1, 0x4c, 0x03, 0xd8, 0xae, 0xc5, 0xb7, 0x69, 0xee,
+	0x40, 0x8b, 0xc9, 0xcb, 0x60, 0x90, 0xf9, 0x4e, 0xd7, 0xed, 0x79, 0xcc, 0x52, 0xd8, 0x48, 0x19,
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+	0x56, 0x1f, 0xe9, 0x2f, 0x0e, 0xb4, 0x8f, 0xf8, 0x15, 0xa6, 0x91, 0x91, 0x27, 0xb0, 0x1e, 0x2a,
+	0x9e, 0x8c, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x42, 0xa5, 0x8d, 0x47, 0xef, 0xef, 0x15, 0x53, 0xde, 0x2b, 0xd5, 0xf6,
+	0x0a, 0x9d, 0xc3, 0x44, 0xa5, 0x53, 0x56, 0x9a, 0xbc, 0xf3, 0x05, 0x74, 0x6e, 0x88, 0x74, 0xbc,
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+	0xc4, 0xe7, 0x8d, 0x4f, 0x1d, 0xba, 0x0f, 0xa4, 0x9f, 0x0a, 0xae, 0x04, 0x06, 0x39, 0x12, 0x59,
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+	0xa2, 0xd6, 0x55, 0x43, 0xd1, 0xb3, 0x32, 0xd9, 0x48, 0xc4, 0xa3, 0x55, 0x92, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x9a,
+	0x68, 0x6b, 0xb3, 0xbd, 0x53, 0xcb, 0x56, 0xb3, 0x99, 0x91, 0xd2, 0xa7, 0x65, 0xaa, 0xab, 0x06,
+	0xba, 0x57, 0x0f, 0xd4, 0x2e, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0x60, 0x75, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0x1c, 0x6b, 0x1b, 0xe3, 0x09,
+	0xcf, 0xcb, 0x67, 0x36, 0xd3, 0x48, 0xed, 0x5b, 0xaf, 0x5b, 0xe6, 0xbb, 0x5d, 0x57, 0xfb, 0x46,
+	0x82, 0x3e, 0x86, 0x56, 0x38, 0x7c, 0x2e, 0xc6, 0x9c, 0x7c, 0x04, 0x6b, 0x98, 0x9a, 0xc8, 0xec,
+	0x46, 0xdc, 0x99, 0x99, 0x3f, 0x2b, 0xe4, 0x74, 0x60, 0x4b, 0x5a, 0x92, 0x50, 0x0b, 0x43, 0x67,
+	0xbe, 0x37, 0xeb, 0x06, 0xf9, 0xcc, 0x8a, 0xe9, 0x21, 0xb8, 0xa7, 0x2c, 0xd0, 0x9b, 0x8e, 0x19,
+	0x14, 0x5e, 0x2c, 0xa5, 0x7d, 0x7f, 0x2d, 0x33, 0x65, 0x1b, 0x84, 0x67, 0xcd, 0xfb, 0x4e, 0xa6,
+	0x0a, 0xdb, 0xd3, 0x61, 0x78, 0xa6, 0x3f, 0x82, 0x77, 0x2c, 0x47, 0x82, 0x6c, 0x42, 0x23, 0x18,
+	0x58, 0x1f, 0x8d, 0x60, 0x40, 0xde, 0x43, 0xf7, 0xb6, 0x2f, 0x9d, 0x2a, 0x89, 0x53, 0x16, 0x30,
+	0x0c, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x3a, 0x41, 0xd6, 0x97, 0x32, 0x1d, 0x45, 0x09, 0x57, 0x32, 0x45, 0xaf, 0xeb,
+	0xec, 0x26, 0x93, 0xee, 0xc3, 0x96, 0x76, 0x1f, 0x2a, 0xae, 0x4a, 0xf4, 0xed, 0x40, 0x4b, 0xf3,
+	0xca, 0x70, 0x96, 0xc2, 0x6d, 0xd5, 0x7a, 0xc5, 0x50, 0x91, 0xa0, 0xdf, 0x1a, 0x0f, 0x87, 0x17,
+	0x22, 0x51, 0x35, 0x50, 0x20, 0x8d, 0x0e, 0x3a, 0xcc, 0x10, 0x84, 0x9a, 0x52, 0x6c, 0xce, 0x9b,
+	0x55, 0xce, 0x9a, 0xcb, 0x50, 0x46, 0x7f, 0x73, 0x00, 0x8a, 0x84, 0xf2, 0xac, 0x34, 0x71, 0x96,
+	0x9b, 0x90, 0x4f, 0x6a, 0x37, 0xdf, 0x3c, 0x4e, 0x4a, 0x11, 0xab, 0xdd, 0x8f, 0xbd, 0x02, 0x16,
+	0x16, 0xf2, 0x5b, 0x95, 0xbe, 0xe1, 0xdb, 0x31, 0xe9, 0xab, 0xa0, 0xd3, 0x8f, 0xf3, 0x4c, 0x89,
+	0xd4, 0x66, 0xa4, 0x6f, 0x68, 0xc3, 0x28, 0xfb, 0x53, 0x31, 0x16, 0xb7, 0x88, 0x3c, 0x80, 0xa6,
+	0xce, 0xd4, 0x60, 0x73, 0xbe, 0x0c, 0x23, 0xa4, 0xa1, 0xdd, 0x8e, 0x85, 0xb0, 0x2b, 0x5e, 0xc8,
+	0xc6, 0xfc, 0x0b, 0xe9, 0xce, 0xbd, 0x90, 0x5e, 0xf5, 0x42, 0x86, 0xb0, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x07, 0xbd,
+	0x0f, 0xab, 0xec, 0x6c, 0xf1, 0xa4, 0xb9, 0xb5, 0x27, 0x2d, 0x84, 0x6d, 0x73, 0x13, 0xbc, 0x4e,
+	0xa7, 0x7f, 0x34, 0x60, 0x9b, 0x89, 0x2c, 0x7a, 0x21, 0x82, 0x24, 0x53, 0x69, 0x3e, 0x54, 0x91,
+	0x4c, 0xb4, 0xfd, 0x37, 0xf2, 0x99, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0xcb, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x2a, 0x48, 0x22, 0x0f, 0x61,
+	0x63, 0x16, 0xfd, 0xf3, 0xaa, 0x75, 0x15, 0xf2, 0x10, 0xd6, 0x42, 0x99, 0xa7, 0xc3, 0x72, 0xb7,
+	0x77, 0x2a, 0x6d, 0x93, 0x99, 0x11, 0xb3, 0x42, 0xad, 0x86, 0xa3, 0xe6, 0xcb, 0x71, 0x44, 0x9e,
+	0xcc, 0xe0, 0xc8, 0x6f, 0xa1, 0xc1, 0xdb, 0x95, 0xc1, 0x0d, 0x31, 0xbb, 0xa9, 0x4d, 0x7f, 0x75,
+	0xe0, 0xcd, 0x7a, 0x0a, 0xaf, 0xb4, 0x18, 0xe5, 0x44, 0x1a, 0x0b, 0x27, 0xe2, 0x2e, 0x9a, 0x88,
+	0x57, 0x4d, 0xa4, 0x7a, 0x9d, 0x9b, 0xf5, 0xd7, 0xf9, 0x1c, 0xee, 0xcf, 0x8d, 0xa9, 0x2f, 0xc7,
+	0x13, 0x8d, 0x87, 0xff, 0x31, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x65, 0xa4, 0xa9, 0x1d, 0x54, 0x9b, 0x19, 0x82, 0x7e,
+	0x06, 0x6f, 0x85, 0x42, 0xd5, 0x86, 0x54, 0xa0, 0xad, 0x0b, 0xee, 0xb1, 0xb8, 0x5c, 0x52, 0xbe,
+	0x16, 0xd1, 0x2f, 0xc1, 0x3f, 0x9d, 0x8c, 0xb8, 0x12, 0x2b, 0x59, 0x1f, 0xc0, 0xfa, 0x89, 0x9c,
+	0xc8, 0x58, 0x9e, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x59, 0x79, 0x1f, 0xd6, 0xcc, 0xfd, 0x68, 0x3e, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x56,
+	0x90, 0xf4, 0xae, 0x06, 0xf4, 0x90, 0xc7, 0xc3, 0x3c, 0xd6, 0x69, 0xe8, 0x9f, 0x5b, 0x76, 0xb0,
+	0xf5, 0xd7, 0xf5, 0xae, 0xf3, 0xf7, 0xf5, 0xae, 0xf3, 0xcf, 0xf5, 0xae, 0xf3, 0xfb, 0xbf, 0xbb,
+	0x6f, 0x3c, 0x6b, 0xe1, 0x37, 0xfc, 0xf1, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x71, 0x97, 0x84,
+	0xb1, 0x97, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
diff --git a/internal/private.proto b/internal/private.proto
index 52e587f4b..b530257ae 100644
--- a/internal/private.proto
+++ b/internal/private.proto
@@ -6,10 +6,13 @@ message IndexMeta {
 }
 
 message FrameMeta {
+    string Type = 8;
 	string CacheType = 3;
 	uint32 CacheSize = 4;
+    int64 Min = 9;
+    int64 Max = 10;
 	string TimeQuantum = 5;
-	repeated Field Fields = 7;
+	//repeated Field Fields = 7;
 }
 
 message ImportResponse {
diff --git a/internal/public.pb.go b/internal/public.pb.go
index 0dab2c831..069f633c0 100644
--- a/internal/public.pb.go
+++ b/internal/public.pb.go
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-// Code generated by protoc-gen-gogo. DO NOT EDIT.
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-gogo.
 // source: public.proto
+// DO NOT EDIT!
 
 /*
 	Package internal is a generated protocol buffer package.
@@ -27,8 +28,6 @@ import proto "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 import fmt "fmt"
 import math "math"
 
-import binary "encoding/binary"
-
 import io "io"
 
 // Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
@@ -808,8 +807,7 @@ func (m *Attr) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	if m.FloatValue != 0 {
 		dAtA[i] = 0x31
 		i++
-		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(dAtA[i:], uint64(math.Float64bits(float64(m.FloatValue))))
-		i += 8
+		i = encodeFixed64Public(dAtA, i, uint64(math.Float64bits(float64(m.FloatValue))))
 	}
 	return i, nil
 }
@@ -1251,6 +1249,24 @@ func (m *ImportValueRequest) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	return i, nil
 }
 
+func encodeFixed64Public(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint64) int {
+	dAtA[offset] = uint8(v)
+	dAtA[offset+1] = uint8(v >> 8)
+	dAtA[offset+2] = uint8(v >> 16)
+	dAtA[offset+3] = uint8(v >> 24)
+	dAtA[offset+4] = uint8(v >> 32)
+	dAtA[offset+5] = uint8(v >> 40)
+	dAtA[offset+6] = uint8(v >> 48)
+	dAtA[offset+7] = uint8(v >> 56)
+	return offset + 8
+}
+func encodeFixed32Public(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint32) int {
+	dAtA[offset] = uint8(v)
+	dAtA[offset+1] = uint8(v >> 8)
+	dAtA[offset+2] = uint8(v >> 16)
+	dAtA[offset+3] = uint8(v >> 24)
+	return offset + 4
+}
 func encodeVarintPublic(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint64) int {
 	for v >= 1<<7 {
 		dAtA[offset] = uint8(v&0x7f | 0x80)
@@ -2335,8 +2351,15 @@ func (m *Attr) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			if (iNdEx + 8) > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
-			v = uint64(binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(dAtA[iNdEx:]))
 			iNdEx += 8
+			v = uint64(dAtA[iNdEx-8])
+			v |= uint64(dAtA[iNdEx-7]) << 8
+			v |= uint64(dAtA[iNdEx-6]) << 16
+			v |= uint64(dAtA[iNdEx-5]) << 24
+			v |= uint64(dAtA[iNdEx-4]) << 32
+			v |= uint64(dAtA[iNdEx-3]) << 40
+			v |= uint64(dAtA[iNdEx-2]) << 48
+			v |= uint64(dAtA[iNdEx-1]) << 56
 			m.FloatValue = float64(math.Float64frombits(v))
 		default:
 			iNdEx = preIndex
diff --git a/test/frame.go b/test/frame.go
index e107b7d85..09503a3cf 100644
--- a/test/frame.go
+++ b/test/frame.go
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ type Frame struct {
 }
 
 // NewFrame returns a new instance of Frame d/0.
-func NewFrame() *Frame {
+func NewFrame(opt ...pilosa.FrameOption) *Frame {
 	path, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "pilosa-frame-")
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
-	frame, err := pilosa.NewFrame(path, "i", "f")
+	frame, err := pilosa.NewFrame(path, "i", "f", opt...)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ func NewFrame() *Frame {
 }
 
 // MustOpenFrame returns a new, opened frame at a temporary path. Panic on error.
-func MustOpenFrame() *Frame {
-	f := NewFrame()
+func MustOpenFrame(opt ...pilosa.FrameOption) *Frame {
+	f := NewFrame(opt...)
 	if err := f.Open(); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}