diff --git a/boltdb/translate.go b/boltdb/translate.go
index 0c67e74bc..31d7364f4 100644
--- a/boltdb/translate.go
+++ b/boltdb/translate.go
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (s *TranslateStore) Size() int64 {
 	return tx.Size()
 }
 
-// TranslateKeys converts a string key to an integer ID.
+// TranslateKey converts a string key to an integer ID.
 // If key does not have an associated id then one is created.
 func (s *TranslateStore) TranslateKey(key string) (id uint64, _ error) {
 	// Find id by key under read lock.
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ func (s *TranslateStore) TranslateKey(key string) (id uint64, _ error) {
 	return id, nil
 }
 
-// TranslateKeys converts a string key to an integer ID.
-// If key does not have an associated id then one is created.
+// TranslateKeys converts a slice of string keys to a slice of integer IDs.
+// If a key does not have an associated id then one is created.
 func (s *TranslateStore) TranslateKeys(keys []string) (ids []uint64, _ error) {
 	if len(keys) == 0 {
 		return nil, nil
diff --git a/holder.go b/holder.go
index 15aa17f6c..4fa554f1a 100644
--- a/holder.go
+++ b/holder.go
@@ -138,6 +138,8 @@ func NewHolder(partitionN int) *Holder {
 
 		cacheFlushInterval: defaultCacheFlushInterval,
 
+		OpenTranslateStore: OpenInMemTranslateStore,
+
 		Logger: logger.NopLogger,
 	}
 }
@@ -496,6 +498,7 @@ func (h *Holder) newIndex(path, name string) (*Index, error) {
 	index.newAttrStore = h.NewAttrStore
 	index.columnAttrs = h.NewAttrStore(filepath.Join(index.path, ".data"))
 	index.snapshotQueue = h.snapshotQueue
+	index.OpenTranslateStore = h.OpenTranslateStore
 	index.holder = h
 	return index, nil
 }
@@ -1011,7 +1014,7 @@ func (s *holderSyncer) initializeIndexTranslateReplication() error {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// Connect to remote not and begin streaming.
+		// Connect to remote node and begin streaming.
 		rd, err := s.Holder.OpenTranslateReader(context.Background(), node.URI.String(), m)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
diff --git a/index.go b/index.go
index bc6293b1b..65609cb3e 100644
--- a/index.go
+++ b/index.go
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ func (i *Index) Path() string { return i.path }
 
 // TranslateStorePath returns the translation database path for a partition.
 func (i *Index) TranslateStorePath(partitionID int) string {
-	return filepath.Join(i.path, "keys", strconv.Itoa(partitionID))
+	return filepath.Join(i.path, translateStoreDir, strconv.Itoa(partitionID))
 }
 
 // TranslateStore returns the translation store for a given partition.
diff --git a/server/handler_test.go b/server/handler_test.go
index cb132fe8d..71c8d2f78 100644
--- a/server/handler_test.go
+++ b/server/handler_test.go
@@ -1031,13 +1031,30 @@ func TestHandler_Endpoints(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestCluster_TranslateStore(t *testing.T) {
+	cluster := make(test.Cluster, 1)
+	cluster[0] = test.NewCommandNode(true,
+		server.OptCommandServerOptions(
+			pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateStore(boltdb.OpenTranslateStore),
+			pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateReader(http.GetOpenTranslateReaderFunc(nil)),
+		),
+	)
+	cluster[0].Config.Gossip.Port = "0"
+	err := cluster[0].Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("starting cluster 0: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	test.MustDo("POST", cluster[0].URL()+"/index/i0", "{\"options\": {\"keys\": true}}")
+}
+
 func TestClusterTranslator(t *testing.T) {
 	cluster := make(test.Cluster, 2)
 	cluster[0] = test.NewCommandNode(true)
 	cluster[0].Config.Gossip.Port = "0"
 	err := cluster[0].Start()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("starting cluster 1: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("starting cluster 0: %v", err)
 	}
 	cluster[1] = test.NewCommandNode(false,
 		server.OptCommandServerOptions(
diff --git a/translate.go b/translate.go
index a883802ad..faf456054 100644
--- a/translate.go
+++ b/translate.go
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
+const (
+	// translateStoreDir is the subdirctory into which the partitioned
+	// translate store data is stored.
+	translateStoreDir = "_keys"
+)
+
 // Translate store errors.
 var (
 	ErrTranslateStoreClosed       = errors.New("translate store closed")
@@ -70,6 +76,11 @@ type OpenTranslateStoreFunc func(path, index, field string, partitionID, partiti
 
 // GenerateNextPartitionedID returns the next ID within the same partition.
 func GenerateNextPartitionedID(index string, prev uint64, partitionID, partitionN int) uint64 {
+	// If the translation store is not partitioned, just return
+	// the next ID.
+	if partitionID == -1 {
+		return prev + 1
+	}
 	// Try to use the next ID if it is in the same partition.
 	// Otherwise find ID in next shard that has a matching partition.
 	for id := prev + 1; ; id += ShardWidth {