diff --git a/fragment.go b/fragment.go
index a517cbd57..bd3ebdad2 100644
--- a/fragment.go
+++ b/fragment.go
@@ -293,11 +293,13 @@ func (f *Fragment) close() error {
 	// Flush cache if closing gracefully.
 	if err := f.flushCache(); err != nil {
 		f.logger().Printf("fragment: error flushing cache on close: err=%s, path=%s", err, f.path)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	// Close underlying storage.
 	if err := f.closeStorage(); err != nil {
 		f.logger().Printf("fragment: error closing storage: err=%s, path=%s", err, f.path)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	// Remove checksums.
diff --git a/frame.go b/frame.go
index 0b393a5c7..ad44cfb56 100644
--- a/frame.go
+++ b/frame.go
@@ -401,7 +401,9 @@ func (f *Frame) Close() error {
 
 	// Close all views.
 	for _, view := range f.views {
-		_ = view.Close()
+		if err := view.Close(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	f.views = make(map[string]*View)
 
@@ -537,8 +539,10 @@ func (f *Frame) deleteView(name string) error {
 		return ErrInvalidView
 	}
 
-	// TODO capture errors lower down in this method
-	_ = view.Close()
+	// Close data files before deletion
+	if err := view.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// Delete view directory.
 	if err := os.RemoveAll(view.Path()); err != nil {
diff --git a/holder.go b/holder.go
index f7c363524..4270c2594 100644
--- a/holder.go
+++ b/holder.go
@@ -133,7 +133,9 @@ func (h *Holder) Close() error {
 	h.wg.Wait()
 
 	for _, index := range h.indexes {
-		index.Close()
+		if err := index.Close(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/holder_test.go b/holder_test.go
index 108349bb2..b3947abb8 100644
--- a/holder_test.go
+++ b/holder_test.go
@@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 
 		if err := os.Mkdir(h.IndexPath("!"), 0777); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-
 		if err := h.Reopen(); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if logOutput := h.LogOutput.String(); !strings.Contains(logOutput, `ERROR opening index: !`) {
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 
 		if _, err := h.CreateIndex("test", pilosa.IndexOptions{}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Chmod(h.IndexPath("test"), 0000); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -64,6 +67,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 
 		if _, err := h.CreateIndex("test", pilosa.IndexOptions{}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Truncate(filepath.Join(h.IndexPath("test"), ".meta"), 2); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -78,6 +83,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 
 		if _, err := h.CreateIndex("test", pilosa.IndexOptions{}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Truncate(filepath.Join(h.IndexPath("test"), ".data"), 2); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -95,6 +102,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("bar", pilosa.FrameOptions{}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Chmod(filepath.Join(h.Path, "foo", "bar"), 0000); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -112,6 +121,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("bar", pilosa.FrameOptions{}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Truncate(filepath.Join(h.Path, "foo", "bar", ".meta"), 2); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -128,6 +139,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if _, err := idx.CreateFrame("bar", pilosa.FrameOptions{}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Truncate(filepath.Join(h.Path, "foo", "bar", ".data"), 2); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -147,6 +160,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if _, err := frame.CreateViewIfNotExists(pilosa.ViewStandard); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Chmod(filepath.Join(h.Path, "foo", "bar", "views", "standard"), 0000); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -166,6 +181,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if _, err := frame.CreateViewIfNotExists(pilosa.ViewStandard); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Chmod(filepath.Join(h.Path, "foo", "bar", "views", "standard", "fragments"), 0000); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -188,6 +205,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if _, err := view.SetBit(0, 0); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Chmod(filepath.Join(h.Path, "foo", "bar", "views", "standard", "fragments", "0"), 0000); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -209,6 +228,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if _, err := view.SetBit(0, 0); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Truncate(filepath.Join(h.Path, "foo", "bar", "views", "standard", "fragments", "0"), 2); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -232,6 +253,8 @@ func TestHolder_Open(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := view.Fragment(0).FlushCache(); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		} else if err := os.Chmod(filepath.Join(h.Path, "foo", "bar", "views", "standard", "fragments", "0.cache"), 0000); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
diff --git a/index.go b/index.go
index 8f1846c5f..345215690 100644
--- a/index.go
+++ b/index.go
@@ -248,7 +248,9 @@ func (i *Index) Close() error {
 
 	// Close all frames.
 	for _, f := range i.frames {
-		f.Close()
+		if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	i.frames = make(map[string]*Frame)
 
diff --git a/test/holder.go b/test/holder.go
index 6bb346ec1..099b9cb7b 100644
--- a/test/holder.go
+++ b/test/holder.go
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ func (h *Holder) Close() error {
 
 // Reopen closes the holder and instantiates and opens a new holder.
 func (h *Holder) Reopen() error {
-	if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	// if err := h.Holder.Close(); err != nil {
+	// 	return err
+	// }
 
 	path, logOutput := h.Path, h.Holder.LogOutput
 	h.Holder = pilosa.NewHolder()
diff --git a/view.go b/view.go
index 31a7a53c0..9fa5fcc8d 100644
--- a/view.go
+++ b/view.go
@@ -162,7 +162,9 @@ func (v *View) Close() error {
 
 	// Close all fragments.
 	for _, frag := range v.fragments {
-		_ = frag.Close()
+		if err := frag.Close(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	v.fragments = make(map[uint64]*Fragment)