diff --git a/boltdb/translate.go b/boltdb/translate.go
index d6c80a115..d37dae0d9 100644
--- a/boltdb/translate.go
+++ b/boltdb/translate.go
@@ -180,33 +180,6 @@ func (s *TranslateStore) TranslateKey(key string, writable bool) (uint64, error)
 	if len(ids) == 0 {
 		return 0, ErrTranslateKeyNotFound
 	}
-
-	// Find or create id under write lock.
-	var written bool
-	if err := s.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) (err error) {
-		bkt := tx.Bucket([]byte("keys"))
-
-		var boltKey []byte
-		var id uint64
-		if id, boltKey = findIDByKey(bkt, key); id != 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		id = pilosa.GenerateNextPartitionedID(s.index, maxID(tx), s.partitionID, s.partitionN)
-		if err := bkt.Put(boltKey, u64tob(id)); err != nil {
-			return err
-		} else if err := tx.Bucket([]byte("ids")).Put(u64tob(id), boltKey); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		written = true
-		return nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	if len(ids) == 0 {
-		// this should not happen
-		return 0, ErrTranslateKeyNotFound
-	}
 	return ids[0], nil
 }
 
@@ -248,9 +221,7 @@ func (s *TranslateStore) translateKeys(keys []string, writable bool) ([]uint64,
 		}
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if !writable {
-		return nil, pilosa.ErrTranslatingKeyNotFound
-	}
+
 	// Find or create ids under write lock if any keys were not found.
 	var written bool
 	if err := s.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) (err error) {
@@ -303,9 +274,11 @@ func (s *TranslateStore) TranslateIDs(ids []uint64) ([]string, error) {
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback() }()
 
+	bucket := tx.Bucket(bucketIDs)
+
 	keys := make([]string, len(ids))
 	for i, id := range ids {
-		keys[i] = findKeyByID(tx.Bucket(bucketIDs), id)
+		keys[i] = findKeyByID(bucket, id)
 	}
 	return keys, nil
 }
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 9d9ecd366..5bc2ba126 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/uber-go/atomic v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/uber/jaeger-client-go v2.16.0+incompatible
 	github.com/uber/jaeger-lib v2.2.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.0.4
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190426145343-a29dc8fdc734 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190424112056-4829fb13d2c6 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190429190828-d89cdac9e872 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.3.2 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.28.0
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.0.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 9da5feace..9448f25e2 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -168,6 +168,11 @@ github.com/uber/jaeger-lib v2.2.0+incompatible h1:MxZXOiR2JuoANZ3J6DE/U0kSFv/eJ/
 github.com/uber/jaeger-lib v2.2.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:ComeNDZlWwrWnDv8aPp0Ba6+uUTzImX/AauajbLI56U=
 github.com/ugorji/go/codec v0.0.0-20181204163529-d75b2dcb6bc8/go.mod h1:VFNgLljTbGfSG7qAOspJ7OScBnGdDN/yBr0sguwnwf0=
 github.com/xordataexchange/crypt v0.0.3-0.20170626215501-b2862e3d0a77/go.mod h1:aYKd//L2LvnjZzWKhF00oedf4jCCReLcmhLdhm1A27Q=
+github.com/zeebo/assert v0.0.0-20181109011804-10f827ce2ed6/go.mod h1:yssERNPivllc1yU3BvpjYI5BUW+zglcz6QWqeVRL5t0=
+github.com/zeebo/assert v1.1.0/go.mod h1:Pq9JiuJQpG8JLJdtkwrJESF0Foym2/D9XMU5ciN/wJ0=
+github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.0.4 h1:vtZ4X8B2lKXZFg2Xyg6Wo36mvmnJvc2VQYTtA4RDCkI=
+github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.0.4/go.mod h1:YOZo8A49yNqM0X/Y+JmDUZshJWLt1laHsNSn5ny2i34=
+github.com/zeebo/pcg v0.0.0-20181207190024-3cdc6b625a05/go.mod h1:Gr+78ptB0MwXxm//LBaEvBiaXY7hXJ6KGe2V32X2F6E=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0 h1:cxzIVoETapQEqDhQu3QfnvXAV4AlzcvUCxkVUFw3+EU=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20180904163835-0709b304e793/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
@@ -210,6 +215,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5h
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190429190828-d89cdac9e872 h1:cGjJzUd8RgBw428LXP65YXni0aiGNA4Bl+ls8SmLOm8=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190429190828-d89cdac9e872/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200202164722-d101bd2416d5 h1:LfCXLvNmTYH9kEmVgqbnsWfruoXZIrh4YBgqVHtDvw0=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200202164722-d101bd2416d5/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0 h1:g61tztE5qeGQ89tm6NTjjM9VPIm088od1l6aSorWRWg=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2 h1:tW2bmiBqwgJj/UpqtC8EpXEZVYOwU0yG4iWbprSVAcs=
diff --git a/translator_test.go b/translator_test.go
index 8d71cc729..1229585c6 100644
--- a/translator_test.go
+++ b/translator_test.go
@@ -289,138 +289,12 @@ func TestTranslation_Reset(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if _, err := node0.API.TranslateKeys(ctx, bytes.NewReader(reqBody), true); err != nil {
+		if _, err := node0.API.TranslateKeys(ctx, bytes.NewReader(reqBody)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	})
 }
 
-func TestTranslation_KeyNotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	c := test.MustRunCluster(t, 4,
-		[]server.CommandOption{
-			server.OptCommandServerOptions(
-				pilosa.OptServerIsCoordinator(true),
-				pilosa.OptServerNodeID("node0"),
-				pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateStore(boltdb.OpenTranslateStore),
-				pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateReader(http.GetOpenTranslateReaderFunc(nil)),
-			)},
-		[]server.CommandOption{
-			server.OptCommandServerOptions(
-				pilosa.OptServerIsCoordinator(false),
-				pilosa.OptServerNodeID("node1"),
-				pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateStore(boltdb.OpenTranslateStore),
-				pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateReader(http.GetOpenTranslateReaderFunc(nil)),
-			)},
-		[]server.CommandOption{
-			server.OptCommandServerOptions(
-				pilosa.OptServerIsCoordinator(false),
-				pilosa.OptServerNodeID("node2"),
-				pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateStore(boltdb.OpenTranslateStore),
-				pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateReader(http.GetOpenTranslateReaderFunc(nil)),
-			)},
-		[]server.CommandOption{
-			server.OptCommandServerOptions(
-				pilosa.OptServerIsCoordinator(false),
-				pilosa.OptServerNodeID("node3"),
-				pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateStore(boltdb.OpenTranslateStore),
-				pilosa.OptServerOpenTranslateReader(http.GetOpenTranslateReaderFunc(nil)),
-			)},
-	)
-	defer c.Close()
-
-	node0 := c.GetNode(0)
-	node1 := c.GetNode(1)
-	node2 := c.GetNode(2)
-	node3 := c.GetNode(3)
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	idx, fld := "i", "f"
-	// Create an index with keys.
-	if _, err := node0.API.CreateIndex(ctx, idx, pilosa.IndexOptions{Keys: true}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	// Create an index with keys.
-	if _, err := node0.API.CreateField(ctx, idx, fld, pilosa.OptFieldKeys()); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	// write a new key and get id
-	req, err := node0.API.Serializer.Marshal(&pilosa.TranslateKeysRequest{
-		Index:       idx,
-		Field:       fld,
-		Keys:        []string{"k1"},
-		NotWritable: false,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if buf, err := node0.API.TranslateKeys(ctx, bytes.NewReader(req)); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	} else {
-		var resp pilosa.TranslateKeysResponse
-		if err = node0.API.Serializer.Unmarshal(buf, &resp); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		id1 := resp.IDs[0]
-
-		// read non-existing key
-		req, err = node3.API.Serializer.Marshal(&pilosa.TranslateKeysRequest{
-			Index:       idx,
-			Field:       fld,
-			Keys:        []string{"k2"},
-			NotWritable: true,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if buf, err = node3.API.TranslateKeys(ctx, bytes.NewReader(req)); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if err = node3.API.Serializer.Unmarshal(buf, &resp); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.IDs != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("TranslateKeys(%+v): expected: nil, got: %d", string(req), resp)
-		}
-
-		req, err = node1.API.Serializer.Marshal(&pilosa.TranslateKeysRequest{
-			Index:       idx,
-			Keys:        []string{"k2"},
-			NotWritable: true,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if buf, err = node1.API.TranslateKeys(ctx, bytes.NewReader(req)); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if err = node1.API.Serializer.Unmarshal(buf, &resp); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else if resp.IDs != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("TranslateKeys(%+v): expected: nil, got: %d", req, resp)
-		}
-
-		req, err = node2.API.Serializer.Marshal(&pilosa.TranslateKeysRequest{
-			Index:       idx,
-			Field:       fld,
-			Keys:        []string{"k2", "k1"},
-			NotWritable: false,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if buf, err = node2.API.TranslateKeys(ctx, bytes.NewReader(req)); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if err = node2.API.Serializer.Unmarshal(buf, &resp); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if resp.IDs[0] != id1+1 || resp.IDs[1] != id1 {
-			t.Fatalf("TranslateKeys(%+v): expected: %d,%d, got: %d,%d", req, id1+1, id1, resp.IDs[0], resp.IDs[1])
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestInMemTranslateStore_ReadKey(t *testing.T) {
 	s := pilosa.NewInMemTranslateStore("IDX", "FLD", 0, pilosa.DefaultPartitionN)