fabro/crates/arc-workflows

arc-workflows

A DOT-based pipeline runner for multi-stage AI workflows. Define workflows as Graphviz digraph files and execute them with pluggable handlers, conditional routing, human-in-the-loop gates, parallel branching, retry policies, and checkpoint-based recovery.

Key Concepts

• Graph -- A directed graph parsed from DOT syntax containing nodes, edges, and attributes. The graph carries a goal describing the pipeline's purpose.
• Node -- A workflow step. Graphviz shapes map to handler types (e.g., Mdiamond = start, Msquare = exit, box = agent, tab = prompt, diamond = conditional, hexagon = human gate, component = parallel).
• Edge -- A connection between nodes with optional condition, label, weight, and fidelity attributes that control routing.
• Handler -- An async trait implementation that executes a node and returns an Outcome. Built-in handlers include StartHandler, ExitHandler, AgentHandler, PromptHandler, ConditionalHandler, HumanHandler, ParallelHandler, FanInHandler, CommandHandler, and SubWorkflowHandler.
• Outcome -- The result of executing a handler, carrying a StageStatus (Success, Fail, PartialSuccess, Retry, Skipped), optional routing hints (preferred_label, suggested_next_ids), and context updates.
• Context -- A thread-safe key-value store shared across pipeline stages, supporting snapshots and isolated cloning for parallel branches.
• Interviewer -- A trait for human-in-the-loop interactions. Implementations include AutoApproveInterviewer, QueueInterviewer, CallbackInterviewer, ConsoleInterviewer, and RecordingInterviewer.
• Checkpoint -- A serializable snapshot of execution state (completed nodes, context values, logs) for crash recovery and resume.

Pipeline Definition

Pipelines are defined using Graphviz DOT syntax:

digraph MyPipeline {
    graph [goal="Implement and validate a feature"]
    rankdir=LR
    node [shape=box, timeout="900s"]

    start     [shape=Mdiamond, label="Start"]
    exit      [shape=Msquare, label="Exit"]
    plan      [label="Plan", prompt="Plan the implementation"]
    implement [label="Implement", prompt="Implement the plan"]
    validate  [label="Validate", prompt="Run tests"]
    gate      [shape=diamond, label="Tests passing?"]

    start -> plan -> implement -> validate -> gate
    gate -> exit      [label="Yes", condition="outcome=success"]
    gate -> implement [label="No", condition="outcome!=success"]
}

Usage

Parsing and Validating a Pipeline

use arc_workflows::pipeline::prepare_pipeline;

let dot_source = r#"digraph Simple {
    graph [goal="Run tests"]
    start [shape=Mdiamond]
    exit  [shape=Msquare]
    work  [shape=box, prompt="Run the test suite"]
    start -> work -> exit
}"#;

let graph = prepare_pipeline(dot_source)
    .expect("pipeline should parse and validate");
assert_eq!(graph.name, "Simple");
assert_eq!(graph.goal(), "Run tests");

prepare_pipeline parses the DOT source, applies built-in transforms (variable expansion, stylesheet application, preamble injection), and validates the graph against 14 built-in lint rules.

Running a Pipeline

use arc_workflows::engine::{PipelineEngine, RunConfig};
use arc_workflows::event::EventEmitter;
use arc_workflows::handler::HandlerRegistry;
use arc_workflows::handler::start::StartHandler;
use arc_workflows::handler::exit::ExitHandler;
use arc_workflows::handler::agent::AgentHandler;
use arc_workflows::pipeline::prepare_pipeline;

let graph = prepare_pipeline(dot_source).unwrap();

let mut registry = HandlerRegistry::new(Box::new(AgentHandler::new(None)));
registry.register("start", Box::new(StartHandler));
registry.register("exit", Box::new(ExitHandler));
registry.register("agent", Box::new(AgentHandler::new(None)));

let engine = PipelineEngine::new(registry, EventEmitter::new());
let config = RunConfig {
    logs_root: "/tmp/pipeline-run".into(),
};

// engine.run(&graph, &config).await

Custom Handlers

Implement the Handler trait to add custom node behavior:

use arc_workflows::handler::Handler;
use arc_workflows::context::Context;
use arc_workflows::graph::{Graph, Node};
use arc_workflows::outcome::Outcome;
use arc_workflows::error::ArcError;
use async_trait::async_trait;
use std::path::Path;

struct MyHandler;

#[async_trait]
impl Handler for MyHandler {
    async fn execute(
        &self,
        node: &Node,
        context: &Context,
        graph: &Graph,
        logs_root: &Path,
    ) -> Result<Outcome, ArcError> {
        // Custom logic here
        Ok(Outcome::success())
    }
}

Model Stylesheets

CSS-like stylesheets control LLM model assignment with specificity-based cascading:

digraph Styled {
    graph [
        goal="Build feature",
        model_stylesheet="
            * { llm_model: claude-sonnet-4-5; llm_provider: anthropic; }
            .code { llm_model: claude-opus-4-6; }
            #critical_review { llm_model: gpt-5.2; llm_provider: openai; }
        "
    ]
    // ...
}

Selectors by specificity: * (universal, 0) < shape (1) < .class (2) < #id (3). Explicit node attributes are never overridden.

Condition Expressions

Edge conditions use a simple expression syntax for routing:

outcome=success
outcome!=fail
outcome=success && context.tests_passed=true
my_flag

Clauses support =, !=, and bare key truthiness checks, joined with &&.

Human-in-the-Loop Gates

Nodes with shape=hexagon or type="human" pause execution for human input. Outgoing edge labels become selectable options, with accelerator key parsing for patterns like [A] Approve and F) Fix.

Parallel Execution

Nodes with shape=component fan out to branches concurrently. Configurable join policies: wait_all (default), first_success, k_of_n(N), quorum(0.5). Error policies: continue, fail_fast, ignore.

Checkpoints and Resume

The engine saves a checkpoint after each node. Resume from a checkpoint with engine.run_from_checkpoint(&graph, &config, &checkpoint).

Architecture

parser (DOT -> AST -> Graph)
  -> transform (variable expansion, stylesheet, preamble)
    -> validation (14 lint rules)
      -> engine (execution loop with retry, edge selection, goal gates)
        -> handler (pluggable node executors)
          -> interviewer (human-in-the-loop I/O)