fabro/docs/public/execution/environments.mdx

---
title: "Environments"
description: "Reusable named execution environments for workflow runs"
---

Fabro separates **environments** from **sandboxes**:

- An **environment** is reusable desired configuration: provider, image, resources, network, lifecycle, labels, and environment variables.
- A **sandbox** is the concrete runtime instance Fabro creates for a run from the selected environment.

<Warning>
Older pre-v1.0 config files that still use `[run.sandbox]` are temporarily auto-migrated when Fabro loads them from disk. Fabro writes a sibling `*.legacy-sandbox-migration.bak` file, rewrites the config to `[run.environment]` plus an environment definition, and then continues startup.

Similarly, `[environments.*]` tables in the server's active `settings.toml` are auto-migrated on startup. Existing sibling `environments/*.toml` files are then treated as a legacy import source: Fabro imports missing environment IDs into SQLite once and renames the directory to `environments.imported-<timestamp>.bak`.

These compatibility rewrites only handle direct field mappings. Unsupported legacy fields fail with a migration message that lists the keys to edit manually. The rewrite paths will be removed before v1.0.
</Warning>

Runs select environments by slug:

```toml title="workflow.toml"
[run.environment]
id = "fabro-dev"
```

Server-managed environments are stored in the server SQLite database. Manage them through the web UI or the `/api/v1/environments` REST API. Install seeds `default` as an ordinary persisted environment; users can replace or delete it. `local` is reserved, synthetic, and unpersisted: it appears only when the local sandbox provider is enabled, and it cannot be created, replaced, or deleted through the environments API. Workflow and project TOML can additionally define `[environments.<slug>]` catalog entries that merge with the server catalog through the normal settings precedence.

## Defining Server Environments

Create server-managed environments through the REST API. Stored environments use inline Dockerfile content; local Dockerfile paths are rejected by the API because the server cannot safely resolve client-side paths.

```json title="POST /api/v1/environments"
{
  "id": "fabro-dev",
  "provider": "daytona",
  "cwd": null,
  "image": {
    "docker": null,
    "dockerfile": {
      "type": "inline",
      "value": "FROM buildpack-deps:noble\n"
    }
  },
  "resources": {
    "cpu": 8,
    "memory": "16GB",
    "disk": "20GB"
  },
  "network": {
    "mode": "cidr_allow_list",
    "allow": ["10.0.0.0/8"]
  },
  "lifecycle": {
    "preserve": false,
    "stop_on_terminal": true,
    "auto_stop": "30m"
  },
  "labels": {
    "repo": "fabro-sh/fabro"
  },
  "env": {
    "NODE_ENV": "development"
  }
}
```

Server-managed local-provider environments can also set `cwd`, an optional runtime
command working directory:

```json title="POST /api/v1/environments"
{
  "id": "host",
  "provider": "local",
  "cwd": "/srv/fabro/workspaces/team-a",
  "image": {
    "docker": null,
    "dockerfile": null
  },
  "resources": {
    "cpu": null,
    "memory": null,
    "disk": null
  },
  "network": {
    "mode": "allow_all",
    "allow": []
  },
  "lifecycle": {
    "preserve": false,
    "stop_on_terminal": true,
    "auto_stop": null
  },
  "labels": {},
  "env": {}
}
```

`cwd` is owned by the server environment and is only honored by the `local`
provider. It is not a replacement for `run.working_dir`. Docker and Daytona
ignore `cwd` and report a preflight warning because those clone-based providers
own their workspace layout. Workflow, project, user, and direct-run
`[environments.<slug>]` catalogs cannot set `cwd`; configure it in the
server-managed environment through the environments API.

The same fields nest under `[environments.<slug>]` when defined in workflow or project TOML instead:

```toml title="workflow.toml"
[run.environment]
id = "fabro-dev"

[environments.fabro-dev]
provider = "daytona"

[environments.fabro-dev.image]
dockerfile = { path = "Dockerfile" }

[environments.fabro-dev.resources]
cpu = 8
memory = "16GB"
disk = "20GB"

[environments.fabro-dev.network]
mode = "cidr_allow_list"       # allow_all | block | cidr_allow_list
allow = ["10.0.0.0/8"]

[environments.fabro-dev.lifecycle]
preserve = false
stop_on_terminal = true
auto_stop = "30m"

[environments.fabro-dev.labels]
repo = "fabro-sh/fabro"

[environments.fabro-dev.env]
NODE_ENV = "development"
```

Run-level overrides are sparse and apply only to the selected environment:

```toml title="workflow.toml"
[run.environment]
id = "fabro-dev"

[run.environment.resources]
memory = "32GB"

[run.environment.lifecycle]
preserve = true
```

`env` and `labels` merge by key.

## Environment value interpolation

Environment `env` values can mix literal text with `{{ vars.NAME }}` and `{{ secrets.NAME }}` tokens:

```toml title="workflow.toml"
[environments.fabro-dev.env]
DEPLOY_ENV = "{{ vars.DEPLOY_ENV }}"
SERVICE_URL = "https://api.{{ vars.REGION }}.example.com"
SERVICE_TOKEN = "{{ secrets.SERVICE_TOKEN }}"
```

Server-managed variables resolve when the run is created. Token secrets resolve immediately before the sandbox starts, so resolved secret values are not persisted in the run definition. A missing or non-token secret fails closed, as does any `{{ env.* }}` reference: the process environment is not a configuration source.

## Selecting an environment from the CLI

Use `--environment` with an environment slug:

```bash
fabro run workflow.fabro --environment fabro-dev
fabro preflight workflow.fabro --environment ci
fabro server start --environment default
```

`--preserve-sandbox` still controls the concrete runtime instance lifecycle for a run. Runtime commands such as `fabro sandbox ssh` keep the word "sandbox" because they operate on an already-created runtime instance.

## Seeded Environments

Install seeds a `default` environment into SQLite. It is a normal persisted environment, so deleting it removes the default run target until you recreate it. The standard Docker default is:

```json title="GET /api/v1/environments/default"
{
  "id": "default",
  "provider": "docker",
  "image": {
    "docker": "buildpack-deps:noble",
    "dockerfile": null
  },
  "resources": {
    "cpu": 2,
    "memory": "4GB",
    "disk": null
  },
  "network": {
    "mode": "allow_all",
    "allow": []
  },
  "lifecycle": {
    "preserve": false,
    "stop_on_terminal": true,
    "auto_stop": null
  },
  "labels": {},
  "env": {}
}
```

`local` is not stored in SQLite. It is synthesized at runtime when the local sandbox provider is enabled.

## Provider mappings

| Environment field | Local | Docker | Daytona |
|---|---|---|---|
| `image.docker` | Ignored | Docker image | Error |
| `image.dockerfile` | Ignored | Warning; ignored | Snapshot Dockerfile; Fabro computes the snapshot name |
| `resources.cpu` | Warning; ignored | `cpu_quota = cpu * 100000` | Snapshot CPU |
| `resources.memory` | Warning; ignored | Container memory limit | Snapshot memory |
| `resources.disk` | Warning; ignored | Warning; ignored | Snapshot disk |
| `network.mode = "allow_all"` | Host network | Docker default bridge | Daytona allow-all |
| `network.mode = "block"` | Error | Docker `none` network | Daytona block |
| `network.mode = "cidr_allow_list"` | Error | Error | Daytona CIDR allow-list |
| `labels` | Warning; ignored | Warning; ignored | Daytona labels |
| `lifecycle.auto_stop` | Warning; ignored | Warning; ignored | Daytona auto-stop |
| `env` | Process environment overlay | Container environment | Sandbox environment |
| `cwd` | Server-side command working directory | Warning; ignored | Warning; ignored |

## Local

`local` runs tools directly in the resolved working directory. It offers no filesystem or network isolation, so use it only for trusted workflows.

Create a server-managed local-provider environment through the environments API when you need a host `cwd`.

When `cwd` is set, local runs execute commands from that absolute server-side
path. When it is unset, Fabro keeps same-host compatibility by using the
submitted source directory only if that path exists on the server. If neither is
available, the run fails before execution with a remediation to configure
`cwd`.

Fabro hard-errors if a local environment asks for blocked or CIDR-restricted networking because the provider cannot enforce it.

## Docker

Docker runs tools inside a container created from `image.docker`. Docker is the built-in default provider.

```toml title="workflow.toml"
[environments.ci]
provider = "docker"

[environments.ci.image]
docker = "buildpack-deps:noble"

[environments.ci.resources]
cpu = 2
memory = "4GB"

[environments.ci.network]
mode = "block"
```

Docker and Daytona are clone-based providers. When a run has a GitHub origin, Fabro clones it into the provider workspace. Set `[run.clone] enabled = false` to start with an empty workspace. Docker and Daytona ignore `cwd`; use the provider-owned workspace layout and `run.working_dir` for repository-relative commands.

The image must provide `/bin/bash`; Fabro evaluates every sandbox command with it and has no `sh` fallback. Commands run in a **non-login** shell, so login profiles (`/etc/profile.d/*.sh`, `~/.bash_profile`, and `nvm`/`rbenv`/`sdkman` initializers) are not sourced — put anything they set into the Dockerfile's `ENV` instead. Fabro verifies Bash during initialization and again on resume, and fails with remediation rather than reporting the sandbox ready.

## Daytona

Daytona runs tools in a cloud sandbox. Without `image.dockerfile`, Fabro uses Daytona's built-in `daytona-medium` snapshot. With `image.dockerfile`, Fabro computes a deterministic internal snapshot name from the Dockerfile, resource hints, a single-tenant scope, and the Daytona API key.

```toml title="workflow.toml"
[environments.cloud]
provider = "daytona"

[environments.cloud.image]
dockerfile = { path = "Dockerfile" }

[environments.cloud.resources]
cpu = 4
memory = "8GB"
disk = "20GB"

[environments.cloud.lifecycle]
auto_stop = "30m"

[environments.cloud.network]
mode = "cidr_allow_list"
allow = ["208.80.154.232/32", "10.0.0.0/8"]
```