diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
index db28376b5..8ac9645be 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
@@ -572,6 +572,14 @@ const verifyConstructorBindings = (
       // namedImportMap tells us which source file exported the callee so we
       // can look up its file-scope binding via the O(1) fileScopeGet method.
       //
+      // Tier gating: only fall back to the accumulator when resolution is
+      // unambiguously import-scoped or global. When tiered.tier is 'same-file',
+      // the local definition is authoritative even without a return type
+      // annotation — using the accumulator here would let an imported callee
+      // with the same name shadow the local one, producing false CALLS edges.
+      // When multiple callable candidates exist, the accumulator would pick
+      // arbitrarily — skip to avoid fabricated edges.
+      //
       // Quality note: worker-path accumulator entries are Tier 0/1 only
       // (annotation-declared + same-file constructor inference) — see the
       // BindingAccumulator class JSDoc. For large repos where the worker
@@ -587,7 +595,9 @@ const verifyConstructorBindings = (
       //      — TypeEnv + graph isExported flag
       //   3. This fallback — namedImportMap + BindingAccumulator
       // A future cleanup should merge these into a single resolution pass.
-      if (!typeName && bindingAccumulator) {
+      const shouldFallback =
+        tiered?.tier !== 'same-file' && (!callableDefs || callableDefs.length <= 1);
+      if (!typeName && bindingAccumulator && shouldFallback) {
         const namedImports = ctx.namedImportMap.get(filePath);
         const importBinding = namedImports?.get(calleeName);
         if (importBinding) {
@@ -690,117 +700,262 @@ export const processCalls = async (
   const logSkipped = isVerboseIngestionEnabled();
   const skippedByLang = logSkipped ? new Map<string, number>() : null;
 
-  for (let i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
-    const file = files[i];
+  // ── Two-pass split for accumulator ordering correctness ──
+  // When bindingAccumulator is present, the Phase 9 fallback in
+  // verifyConstructorBindings reads from the accumulator. If we flush and
+  // verify in the same per-file iteration, consumer files processed before
+  // their provider files won't see the provider's bindings — causing silent
+  // misses. Fix: pre-pass flushes ALL files' TypeEnv bindings into the
+  // accumulator before the main loop runs verifyConstructorBindings.
+  // This mirrors the worker path where all appendFile calls complete before
+  // processCallsFromExtracted runs. For the sequential path (<15 files),
+  // buffering per-file state is negligible.
+  //
+  // When bindingAccumulator is absent (legacy/Phase 14 path), the existing
+  // single-pass behavior is preserved — no pre-pass, no buffering.
+  interface PrePassState {
+    file: { path: string; content: string };
+    language: SupportedLanguages;
+    provider: ReturnType<typeof getProvider>;
+    tree: ReturnType<typeof parser.parse>;
+    matches: ReturnType<Parser.Query['matches']>;
+    parentMap: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly string[]>;
+    typeEnv: ReturnType<typeof buildTypeEnv>;
+  }
+  const prePassStates: PrePassState[] | undefined = bindingAccumulator ? [] : undefined;
+
+  if (bindingAccumulator) {
+    // ── Pre-pass: build TypeEnv, flush to accumulator, buffer state ──
+    for (let i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
+      const file = files[i];
+      if (i % 20 === 0) await yieldToEventLoop();
+
+      const language = getLanguageFromFilename(file.path);
+      if (!language) continue;
+      if (!isLanguageAvailable(language)) {
+        if (skippedByLang) {
+          skippedByLang.set(language, (skippedByLang.get(language) ?? 0) + 1);
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const provider = getProvider(language);
+      const queryStr = provider.treeSitterQueries;
+      if (!queryStr) continue;
+
+      await loadLanguage(language, file.path);
+
+      let tree = astCache.get(file.path);
+      if (!tree) {
+        try {
+          tree = parser.parse(file.content, undefined, {
+            bufferSize: getTreeSitterBufferSize(file.content.length),
+          });
+        } catch (parseError) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        astCache.set(file.path, tree);
+      }
+
+      let matches;
+      try {
+        const lang = parser.getLanguage();
+        const query = new Parser.Query(lang, queryStr);
+        matches = query.matches(tree.rootNode);
+      } catch (queryError) {
+        console.warn(`Query error for ${file.path}:`, queryError);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Extract heritage for parentMap (same as main loop)
+      const fileParentMap = new Map<string, string[]>();
+      for (const match of matches) {
+        const captureMap: Record<string, any> = {};
+        match.captures.forEach((c) => (captureMap[c.name] = c.node));
+        if (captureMap['heritage.class'] && captureMap['heritage.extends']) {
+          const className: string = captureMap['heritage.class'].text;
+          const parentName: string = captureMap['heritage.extends'].text;
+          const extendsNode = captureMap['heritage.extends'];
+          const fieldDecl = extendsNode.parent;
+          if (fieldDecl?.type === 'field_declaration' && fieldDecl.childForFieldName('name'))
+            continue;
+          let parents = fileParentMap.get(className);
+          if (!parents) {
+            parents = [];
+            fileParentMap.set(className, parents);
+          }
+          if (!parents.includes(parentName)) parents.push(parentName);
+        }
+      }
+      const parentMap: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly string[]> = fileParentMap;
+      for (const [cls, parents] of fileParentMap) {
+        let global = globalParentMap.get(cls);
+        let seen = globalParentSeen.get(cls);
+        if (!global) {
+          global = [];
+          globalParentMap.set(cls, global);
+        }
+        if (!seen) {
+          seen = new Set();
+          globalParentSeen.set(cls, seen);
+        }
+        for (const p of parents) {
+          if (!seen.has(p)) {
+            seen.add(p);
+            global.push(p);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const importedBindings = importedBindingsMap?.get(file.path);
+      const importedReturnTypes = importedReturnTypesMap?.get(file.path);
+      const importedRawReturnTypes = importedRawReturnTypesMap?.get(file.path);
+      const typeEnv = buildTypeEnv(tree, language, {
+        symbolTable: ctx.symbols,
+        parentMap,
+        importedBindings,
+        importedReturnTypes,
+        importedRawReturnTypes,
+        enclosingFunctionFinder: provider?.enclosingFunctionFinder,
+        extractFunctionName: provider?.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName,
+      });
+      if (typeEnv && exportedTypeMap) {
+        const fileExports = collectExportedBindings(typeEnv, file.path, ctx.symbols, graph);
+        if (fileExports) exportedTypeMap.set(file.path, fileExports);
+      }
+      typeEnv.flush(file.path, bindingAccumulator);
+
+      prePassStates!.push({ file, language, provider, tree, matches, parentMap, typeEnv });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Main loop: resolve calls (and optionally build TypeEnv if no pre-pass) ──
+  const loopSource = prePassStates ?? files;
+  for (let i = 0; i < loopSource.length; i++) {
+    const isPrePassed = prePassStates !== undefined;
+    const entry = loopSource[i];
+    const file = isPrePassed
+      ? (entry as PrePassState).file
+      : (entry as { path: string; content: string });
+
     enclosingFnExtractCache.clear();
     onProgress?.(i + 1, files.length);
     if (i % 20 === 0) await yieldToEventLoop();
 
-    const language = getLanguageFromFilename(file.path);
-    if (!language) continue;
-    if (!isLanguageAvailable(language)) {
-      if (skippedByLang) {
-        skippedByLang.set(language, (skippedByLang.get(language) ?? 0) + 1);
-      }
-      continue;
-    }
+    let language: SupportedLanguages;
+    let provider: ReturnType<typeof getProvider>;
+    let tree: ReturnType<typeof parser.parse>;
+    let matches: ReturnType<Parser.Query['matches']>;
+    let typeEnv: ReturnType<typeof buildTypeEnv>;
+    let parentMap: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly string[]>;
 
-    const provider = getProvider(language);
-    const queryStr = provider.treeSitterQueries;
-    if (!queryStr) continue;
-
-    await loadLanguage(language, file.path);
-
-    let tree = astCache.get(file.path);
-    if (!tree) {
-      try {
-        tree = parser.parse(file.content, undefined, {
-          bufferSize: getTreeSitterBufferSize(file.content.length),
-        });
-      } catch (parseError) {
+    if (isPrePassed) {
+      // Reuse state from pre-pass — TypeEnv and flush already done
+      const state = entry as PrePassState;
+      language = state.language;
+      provider = state.provider;
+      tree = state.tree;
+      matches = state.matches;
+      typeEnv = state.typeEnv;
+      parentMap = state.parentMap;
+    } else {
+      // Legacy single-pass path (no bindingAccumulator)
+      const lang = getLanguageFromFilename(file.path);
+      if (!lang) continue;
+      if (!isLanguageAvailable(lang)) {
+        if (skippedByLang) {
+          skippedByLang.set(lang, (skippedByLang.get(lang) ?? 0) + 1);
+        }
         continue;
       }
-      astCache.set(file.path, tree);
-    }
+      language = lang;
 
-    let query;
-    let matches;
-    try {
-      const language = parser.getLanguage();
-      query = new Parser.Query(language, queryStr);
-      matches = query.matches(tree.rootNode);
-    } catch (queryError) {
-      console.warn(`Query error for ${file.path}:`, queryError);
-      continue;
-    }
+      provider = getProvider(language);
+      const queryStr = provider.treeSitterQueries;
+      if (!queryStr) continue;
 
-    // Pre-pass: extract heritage from query matches to build parentMap for buildTypeEnv.
-    // Heritage-processor runs in PARALLEL, so graph edges don't exist when buildTypeEnv runs.
-    const fileParentMap = new Map<string, string[]>();
-    for (const match of matches) {
-      const captureMap: Record<string, any> = {};
-      match.captures.forEach((c) => (captureMap[c.name] = c.node));
-      if (captureMap['heritage.class'] && captureMap['heritage.extends']) {
-        const className: string = captureMap['heritage.class'].text;
-        const parentName: string = captureMap['heritage.extends'].text;
-        const extendsNode = captureMap['heritage.extends'];
-        const fieldDecl = extendsNode.parent;
-        if (fieldDecl?.type === 'field_declaration' && fieldDecl.childForFieldName('name'))
+      await loadLanguage(language, file.path);
+
+      tree = astCache.get(file.path)!;
+      if (!tree) {
+        try {
+          tree = parser.parse(file.content, undefined, {
+            bufferSize: getTreeSitterBufferSize(file.content.length),
+          });
+        } catch (parseError) {
           continue;
-        let parents = fileParentMap.get(className);
-        if (!parents) {
-          parents = [];
-          fileParentMap.set(className, parents);
         }
-        if (!parents.includes(parentName)) parents.push(parentName);
+        astCache.set(file.path, tree);
       }
-    }
-    const parentMap: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly string[]> = fileParentMap;
-    // Merge per-file heritage into globalParentMap for cross-file isSubclassOf lookups.
-    // Uses a parallel Set (globalParentSeen) for O(1) deduplication instead of O(n) includes().
-    for (const [cls, parents] of fileParentMap) {
-      let global = globalParentMap.get(cls);
-      let seen = globalParentSeen.get(cls);
-      if (!global) {
-        global = [];
-        globalParentMap.set(cls, global);
+
+      try {
+        const parseLang = parser.getLanguage();
+        const query = new Parser.Query(parseLang, queryStr);
+        matches = query.matches(tree.rootNode);
+      } catch (queryError) {
+        console.warn(`Query error for ${file.path}:`, queryError);
+        continue;
       }
-      if (!seen) {
-        seen = new Set();
-        globalParentSeen.set(cls, seen);
-      }
-      for (const p of parents) {
-        if (!seen.has(p)) {
-          seen.add(p);
-          global.push(p);
+
+      // Heritage extraction (same as pre-pass, only runs in legacy path)
+      const fileParentMap = new Map<string, string[]>();
+      for (const match of matches) {
+        const captureMap: Record<string, any> = {};
+        match.captures.forEach((c) => (captureMap[c.name] = c.node));
+        if (captureMap['heritage.class'] && captureMap['heritage.extends']) {
+          const className: string = captureMap['heritage.class'].text;
+          const parentName: string = captureMap['heritage.extends'].text;
+          const extendsNode = captureMap['heritage.extends'];
+          const fieldDecl = extendsNode.parent;
+          if (fieldDecl?.type === 'field_declaration' && fieldDecl.childForFieldName('name'))
+            continue;
+          let parents = fileParentMap.get(className);
+          if (!parents) {
+            parents = [];
+            fileParentMap.set(className, parents);
+          }
+          if (!parents.includes(parentName)) parents.push(parentName);
         }
       }
+      for (const [cls, parents] of fileParentMap) {
+        let global = globalParentMap.get(cls);
+        let seen = globalParentSeen.get(cls);
+        if (!global) {
+          global = [];
+          globalParentMap.set(cls, global);
+        }
+        if (!seen) {
+          seen = new Set();
+          globalParentSeen.set(cls, seen);
+        }
+        for (const p of parents) {
+          if (!seen.has(p)) {
+            seen.add(p);
+            global.push(p);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      parentMap = fileParentMap;
+
+      const importedBindings = importedBindingsMap?.get(file.path);
+      const importedReturnTypes = importedReturnTypesMap?.get(file.path);
+      const importedRawReturnTypes = importedRawReturnTypesMap?.get(file.path);
+      typeEnv = buildTypeEnv(tree, language, {
+        symbolTable: ctx.symbols,
+        parentMap,
+        importedBindings,
+        importedReturnTypes,
+        importedRawReturnTypes,
+        enclosingFunctionFinder: provider?.enclosingFunctionFinder,
+        extractFunctionName: provider?.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName,
+      });
+      if (typeEnv && exportedTypeMap) {
+        const fileExports = collectExportedBindings(typeEnv, file.path, ctx.symbols, graph);
+        if (fileExports) exportedTypeMap.set(file.path, fileExports);
+      }
     }
 
-    const importedBindings = importedBindingsMap?.get(file.path);
-    const importedReturnTypes = importedReturnTypesMap?.get(file.path);
-    const importedRawReturnTypes = importedRawReturnTypesMap?.get(file.path);
-    const typeEnv = buildTypeEnv(tree, language, {
-      symbolTable: ctx.symbols,
-      parentMap,
-      importedBindings,
-      importedReturnTypes,
-      importedRawReturnTypes,
-      enclosingFunctionFinder: provider?.enclosingFunctionFinder,
-      extractFunctionName: provider?.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName,
-    });
-    if (typeEnv && exportedTypeMap) {
-      const fileExports = collectExportedBindings(typeEnv, file.path, ctx.symbols, graph);
-      if (fileExports) exportedTypeMap.set(file.path, fileExports);
-    }
-    // Flush file-scope bindings into the accumulator. `flush()` is narrowed
-    // to iterate only FILE_SCOPE entries (type-env.ts) — function-scope
-    // bindings are dropped at the flush boundary until a Phase 9 consumer
-    // lands. See type-env.ts::flush() JSDoc for the dual-site reversion
-    // checklist (this sequential path + the worker path in parse-worker.ts).
-    if (bindingAccumulator) {
-      typeEnv.flush(file.path, bindingAccumulator);
-    }
     const callRouter = provider.callRouter;
 
     const verifiedReceivers =
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/cpp-consumer-before-provider/a_consumer/main.cpp b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/cpp-consumer-before-provider/a_consumer/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56d13b285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/cpp-consumer-before-provider/a_consumer/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#include "../b_provider/provider.h"
+
+void process() {
+    User user = get_user();
+    user.save();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/cpp-consumer-before-provider/b_provider/provider.cpp b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/cpp-consumer-before-provider/b_provider/provider.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..155d05003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/cpp-consumer-before-provider/b_provider/provider.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "provider.h"
+
+void User::save() {}
+
+User get_user() {
+    return User();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/cpp-consumer-before-provider/b_provider/provider.h b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/cpp-consumer-before-provider/b_provider/provider.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d434b7f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/cpp-consumer-before-provider/b_provider/provider.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class User {
+public:
+    void save();
+};
+
+User get_user();
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/AConsumer/Program.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/AConsumer/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c03a9605a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/AConsumer/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+using static ConsumerBeforeProvider.BProvider.UserFactory;
+
+namespace ConsumerBeforeProvider.AConsumer
+{
+    public class Program
+    {
+        public void Run()
+        {
+            var u = GetUser();
+            u.Save();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/BProvider/User.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/BProvider/User.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ed71631e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/BProvider/User.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace ConsumerBeforeProvider.BProvider
+{
+    public class User
+    {
+        public void Save() {}
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/BProvider/UserFactory.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/BProvider/UserFactory.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c66c511a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/BProvider/UserFactory.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace ConsumerBeforeProvider.BProvider
+{
+    public static class UserFactory
+    {
+        public static User GetUser() { return new User(); }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/ConsumerBeforeProvider.csproj b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/ConsumerBeforeProvider.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75251fdad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/csharp-consumer-before-provider/ConsumerBeforeProvider.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <RootNamespace>ConsumerBeforeProvider</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/go-consumer-before-provider/app/main.go b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/go-consumer-before-provider/app/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0951c398d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/go-consumer-before-provider/app/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package main
+
+import "go-consumer-before-provider/models"
+
+func main() {
+	user := models.GetUser()
+	user.Save()
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/go-consumer-before-provider/go.mod b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/go-consumer-before-provider/go.mod
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00cc50274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/go-consumer-before-provider/go.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module go-consumer-before-provider
+
+go 1.21
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/go-consumer-before-provider/models/user.go b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/go-consumer-before-provider/models/user.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e17ca9635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/go-consumer-before-provider/models/user.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package models
+
+type User struct{}
+
+func (u User) Save() {}
+
+func GetUser() User {
+	return User{}
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/java-consumer-before-provider/app/AConsumer.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/java-consumer-before-provider/app/AConsumer.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37a8d8fd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/java-consumer-before-provider/app/AConsumer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package app;
+
+import static models.BProvider.getUser;
+
+public class AConsumer {
+    public void run() {
+        var u = getUser();
+        u.save();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/java-consumer-before-provider/models/BProvider.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/java-consumer-before-provider/models/BProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a8ac7d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/java-consumer-before-provider/models/BProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package models;
+
+public class BProvider {
+    public static User getUser() {
+        return new User();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/java-consumer-before-provider/models/User.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/java-consumer-before-provider/models/User.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bb729993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/java-consumer-before-provider/models/User.java
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package models;
+
+public class User {
+    public void save() {}
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/js-consumer-before-provider/a-consumer.js b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/js-consumer-before-provider/a-consumer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14b939ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/js-consumer-before-provider/a-consumer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// File starts with 'a-' to sort alphabetically before 'b-provider.js'.
+// In the sequential path, this file is processed first. Without the
+// two-pass fix, the accumulator wouldn't have b-provider's bindings
+// when this file's verifyConstructorBindings runs.
+import { getUser } from './b-provider';
+
+export function main() {
+  const u = getUser();
+  u.save();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/js-consumer-before-provider/b-provider.js b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/js-consumer-before-provider/b-provider.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99c85948a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/js-consumer-before-provider/b-provider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export class User {
+  save() {}
+}
+
+export function getUser() {
+  return new User();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/kotlin-consumer-before-provider/app/AConsumer.kt b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/kotlin-consumer-before-provider/app/AConsumer.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f82882a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/kotlin-consumer-before-provider/app/AConsumer.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package app
+
+import models.getUser
+
+class AConsumer {
+    fun run() {
+        val u = getUser()
+        u.save()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/kotlin-consumer-before-provider/models/BProvider.kt b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/kotlin-consumer-before-provider/models/BProvider.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c343056fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/kotlin-consumer-before-provider/models/BProvider.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package models
+
+class User {
+    fun save() {}
+}
+
+fun getUser(): User = User()
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/AConsumer.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/AConsumer.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd44bf692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/AConsumer.php
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App;
+
+use function App\Models\getUser;
+
+class AConsumer {
+    public function run(): void {
+        $u = getUser();
+        $u->save();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/BProvider.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/BProvider.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9eadcb83c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/BProvider.php
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+class User {
+    public function save(): void {}
+}
+
+function getUser(): User {
+    return new User();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..386b0bd2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": {
+      "App\\": "app/"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/py-consumer-before-provider/src/a_consumer.py b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/py-consumer-before-provider/src/a_consumer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5d3fab3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/py-consumer-before-provider/src/a_consumer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from b_provider import get_user
+
+def main():
+    u = get_user()
+    u.save()
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/py-consumer-before-provider/src/b_provider.py b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/py-consumer-before-provider/src/b_provider.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b910e9ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/py-consumer-before-provider/src/b_provider.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+class User:
+    def save(self):
+        pass
+
+def get_user() -> User:
+    return User()
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rb-consumer-before-provider/a_consumer.rb b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rb-consumer-before-provider/a_consumer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed92cf60c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rb-consumer-before-provider/a_consumer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+require_relative 'models/b_user_factory'
+
+def process
+  user = UserFactory.get_user
+  user.save
+end
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rb-consumer-before-provider/models/b_user.rb b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rb-consumer-before-provider/models/b_user.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a139ede47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rb-consumer-before-provider/models/b_user.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+class User
+  def save
+  end
+end
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rb-consumer-before-provider/models/b_user_factory.rb b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rb-consumer-before-provider/models/b_user_factory.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7c80feff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rb-consumer-before-provider/models/b_user_factory.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+require_relative 'b_user'
+
+class UserFactory
+  def self.get_user
+    User.new
+  end
+end
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rs-consumer-before-provider/src/a_consumer.rs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rs-consumer-before-provider/src/a_consumer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa6cd1809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rs-consumer-before-provider/src/a_consumer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+use crate::b_provider::get_user;
+
+pub fn process() {
+    let u = get_user();
+    u.save();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rs-consumer-before-provider/src/b_provider.rs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rs-consumer-before-provider/src/b_provider.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b20e072e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rs-consumer-before-provider/src/b_provider.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+pub struct User;
+
+impl User {
+    pub fn save(&self) {}
+}
+
+pub fn get_user() -> User {
+    User
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rs-consumer-before-provider/src/main.rs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rs-consumer-before-provider/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eac6f55f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/rs-consumer-before-provider/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+mod a_consumer;
+mod b_provider;
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/ts-consumer-before-provider/src/a-consumer.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/ts-consumer-before-provider/src/a-consumer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6d5f86c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/ts-consumer-before-provider/src/a-consumer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// File starts with 'a-' to sort alphabetically before 'b-provider.ts'.
+// In the sequential path, this file is processed first. Without the
+// two-pass fix, the accumulator wouldn't have b-provider's bindings
+// when this file's verifyConstructorBindings runs.
+import { getUser } from './b-provider';
+
+export function main() {
+  const x = getUser();
+  x.save();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/ts-consumer-before-provider/src/b-provider.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/ts-consumer-before-provider/src/b-provider.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58beea790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/ts-consumer-before-provider/src/b-provider.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export class User {
+  save(): void {}
+}
+
+export function getUser(): User {
+  return new User();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/cross-file-binding.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/cross-file-binding.test.ts
index 7e1d3b656..33063f94f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/cross-file-binding.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/cross-file-binding.test.ts
@@ -517,3 +517,274 @@ describe('Phase 9 — Cross-File Call-Result Binding: Ruby', () => {
     expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Note: shadowed import tier gating is tested at the unit level
+// (call-processor.test.ts "Phase 9 tier gating" tests) because the scenario
+// requires invalid TypeScript (same name imported and locally defined).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Regression: consumer file processed before provider in sequential path
+// a-consumer.ts (alphabetically first) imports getUser from b-provider.ts.
+// Without the two-pass flush fix, the accumulator wouldn't have b-provider's
+// bindings when a-consumer's verifyConstructorBindings runs.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Consumer-before-provider regression tests (sequential ordering fix)
+//
+// Each language fixture has a consumer file that sorts alphabetically before
+// the provider file. In the sequential path, the consumer is processed first.
+// The two-pass flush ensures the accumulator has provider bindings before
+// verifyConstructorBindings runs for the consumer.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: TypeScript', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'ts-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User class and save method from provider', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method')).toContain('save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves x.save() to User#save despite consumer sorted before provider', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find(
+      (c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'main' && c.targetFilePath.includes('b-provider'),
+    );
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: JavaScript', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'js-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User class and save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method')).toContain('save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves u.save() in main() to User#save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find(
+      (c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'main' && c.targetFilePath.includes('b-provider'),
+    );
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: Python', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'py-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User class and save function', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    // Python tree-sitter captures all function_definitions as Function, including methods
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Function')).toContain('save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves u.save() in main() to User#save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find(
+      (c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'main' && c.targetFilePath.includes('b_provider'),
+    );
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: Java', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'java-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User class and save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method')).toContain('save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves user.save() in run() to User#save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'run');
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: Go', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'go-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User struct and Save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Struct')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method')).toContain('Save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves user.Save() in main() to User#Save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'Save' && c.source === 'main');
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: C++', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'cpp-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User class and save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method')).toContain('save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves user.save() in process() to User#save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'process');
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: C#', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'csharp-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User class and Save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method')).toContain('Save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves u.Save() in Run() to User#Save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'Save' && c.source === 'Run');
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: Kotlin', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'kotlin-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User class and save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method')).toContain('save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves u.save() in run() to User#save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'run');
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: PHP', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'php-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User class and save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method')).toContain('save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves $u->save() in run() to User#save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'run');
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: Ruby', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'rb-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User class and save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method')).toContain('save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves user.save in process() to User#save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'process');
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Consumer-Before-Provider: Rust', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES, 'rs-consumer-before-provider'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User struct and save function', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Struct')).toContain('User');
+    // Rust tree-sitter captures impl fns as Function nodes
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Function')).toContain('save');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves u.save() in process() to User#save', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'process');
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/call-processor.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/call-processor.test.ts
index 4c3d641a2..840dcd0ea 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/call-processor.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/call-processor.test.ts
@@ -880,6 +880,238 @@ describe('processCallsFromExtracted', () => {
     expect(rels[0].targetId).toBe('Method:src/models.ts:save');
   });
 
+  // ---- Phase 9: Tier gating — accumulator fallback respects resolution tiers ----
+
+  it('Phase 9 tier gating: same-file callable shadows imported callee — fallback skipped', async () => {
+    // consumer.ts defines a local getUser() AND imports getUser from api.ts.
+    // The local definition has no returnType annotation. The accumulator has
+    // getUser → User from api.ts. The fallback must NOT fire because the
+    // same-file definition is authoritative (tier: 'same-file').
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/consumer.ts', 'getUser', 'Function:src/consumer.ts:getUser', 'Function');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/api.ts', 'getUser', 'Function:src/api.ts:getUser', 'Function');
+    // Place User and save in non-imported files so import-scoped member-call resolution
+    // can't resolve save without a receiver type.
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/models.ts', 'User', 'Class:src/models.ts:User', 'Class');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/models.ts', 'save', 'Method:src/models.ts:save', 'Method', {
+      ownerId: 'Class:src/models.ts:User',
+    });
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/other.ts', 'OtherClass', 'Class:src/other.ts:OtherClass', 'Class');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/other.ts', 'save', 'Method:src/other.ts:save', 'Method', {
+      ownerId: 'Class:src/other.ts:OtherClass',
+    });
+    // Only import api.ts — NOT models.ts, so save can't be found via import scope.
+    ctx.importMap.set('src/consumer.ts', new Set(['src/api.ts']));
+    ctx.namedImportMap.set(
+      'src/consumer.ts',
+      new Map([['getUser', { sourcePath: 'src/api.ts', exportedName: 'getUser' }]]),
+    );
+
+    const acc = new BindingAccumulator();
+    acc.appendFile('src/api.ts', [{ scope: '', varName: 'getUser', typeName: 'User' }]);
+
+    const constructorBindings: FileConstructorBindings[] = [
+      {
+        filePath: 'src/consumer.ts',
+        bindings: [{ scope: 'main@0', varName: 'x', calleeName: 'getUser' }],
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const calls: ExtractedCall[] = [
+      {
+        filePath: 'src/consumer.ts',
+        calledName: 'save',
+        sourceId: 'Function:src/consumer.ts:main',
+        receiverName: 'x',
+        callForm: 'member',
+      },
+    ];
+
+    await processCallsFromExtracted(
+      graph,
+      calls,
+      ctx,
+      undefined,
+      constructorBindings,
+      undefined,
+      acc,
+    );
+
+    // Fallback must NOT fire — local getUser shadows imported getUser (tier: same-file).
+    // Without a receiver type, member-call 'save' is ambiguous globally → no edge.
+    const rels = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'CALLS');
+    expect(rels).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('Phase 9 tier gating: multiple callable candidates — fallback skipped', async () => {
+    // Two functions named getUser in different imported files — resolution is ambiguous
+    // (multiple candidates at 'import-scoped' tier). The accumulator carries a WRONG type
+    // (BadType). If the fallback fires, x gets typed as BadType and x.save() looks for
+    // BadType.save — which doesn't exist → 0 edges. If the fallback is correctly blocked,
+    // x has no receiver type at all, and save is ambiguous (two owners) → 0 edges.
+    // Either way, no CALLS edge. But we verify the accumulator's wrong type did NOT leak
+    // by checking that no ACCESSES edge to BadType is created.
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/api-v1.ts', 'getUser', 'Function:src/api-v1.ts:getUser', 'Function');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/api-v2.ts', 'getUser', 'Function:src/api-v2.ts:getUser', 'Function');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/models.ts', 'User', 'Class:src/models.ts:User', 'Class');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/models.ts', 'save', 'Method:src/models.ts:save', 'Method', {
+      ownerId: 'Class:src/models.ts:User',
+    });
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/other.ts', 'OtherClass', 'Class:src/other.ts:OtherClass', 'Class');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/other.ts', 'save', 'Method:src/other.ts:save', 'Method', {
+      ownerId: 'Class:src/other.ts:OtherClass',
+    });
+    // BadType has no methods — if the accumulator wrongly types x as BadType,
+    // the receiver type is set but save won't resolve at all.
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/bad.ts', 'BadType', 'Class:src/bad.ts:BadType', 'Class');
+    ctx.importMap.set(
+      'src/consumer.ts',
+      new Set(['src/api-v1.ts', 'src/api-v2.ts', 'src/models.ts']),
+    );
+    ctx.namedImportMap.set(
+      'src/consumer.ts',
+      new Map([['getUser', { sourcePath: 'src/api-v1.ts', exportedName: 'getUser' }]]),
+    );
+
+    // Accumulator carries WRONG type — proves gating blocks the fallback
+    const acc = new BindingAccumulator();
+    acc.appendFile('src/api-v1.ts', [{ scope: '', varName: 'getUser', typeName: 'BadType' }]);
+
+    const constructorBindings: FileConstructorBindings[] = [
+      {
+        filePath: 'src/consumer.ts',
+        bindings: [{ scope: 'main@0', varName: 'x', calleeName: 'getUser' }],
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const calls: ExtractedCall[] = [
+      {
+        filePath: 'src/consumer.ts',
+        calledName: 'save',
+        sourceId: 'Function:src/consumer.ts:main',
+        receiverName: 'x',
+        callForm: 'member',
+      },
+    ];
+
+    await processCallsFromExtracted(
+      graph,
+      calls,
+      ctx,
+      undefined,
+      constructorBindings,
+      undefined,
+      acc,
+    );
+
+    // If gating works: x has no receiver type, save may or may not resolve via
+    // import scope (separate mechanism). Key assertion: BadType never appears
+    // as an ACCESSES target — proving the accumulator's wrong type did not leak.
+    const accesses = graph.relationships.filter(
+      (r) => r.type === 'ACCESSES' && r.targetId === 'Class:src/bad.ts:BadType',
+    );
+    expect(accesses).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('Phase 9 tier gating: no callable candidates but named import — fallback fires', async () => {
+    // getUser is not in the SymbolTable at all (e.g. definition not parsed).
+    // namedImportMap has the import, accumulator has the type. Fallback should fire.
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/models.ts', 'User', 'Class:src/models.ts:User', 'Class');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/models.ts', 'save', 'Method:src/models.ts:save', 'Method', {
+      ownerId: 'Class:src/models.ts:User',
+    });
+    ctx.importMap.set('src/consumer.ts', new Set(['src/api.ts', 'src/models.ts']));
+    ctx.namedImportMap.set(
+      'src/consumer.ts',
+      new Map([['getUser', { sourcePath: 'src/api.ts', exportedName: 'getUser' }]]),
+    );
+
+    const acc = new BindingAccumulator();
+    acc.appendFile('src/api.ts', [{ scope: '', varName: 'getUser', typeName: 'User' }]);
+
+    const constructorBindings: FileConstructorBindings[] = [
+      {
+        filePath: 'src/consumer.ts',
+        bindings: [{ scope: 'main@0', varName: 'x', calleeName: 'getUser' }],
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const calls: ExtractedCall[] = [
+      {
+        filePath: 'src/consumer.ts',
+        calledName: 'save',
+        sourceId: 'Function:src/consumer.ts:main',
+        receiverName: 'x',
+        callForm: 'member',
+      },
+    ];
+
+    await processCallsFromExtracted(
+      graph,
+      calls,
+      ctx,
+      undefined,
+      constructorBindings,
+      undefined,
+      acc,
+    );
+
+    // No SymbolTable entry at all → tiered is null, fallback fires via accumulator.
+    const rels = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'CALLS');
+    expect(rels).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(rels[0].targetId).toBe('Method:src/models.ts:save');
+  });
+
+  it('Phase 9 tier gating: single same-file callable without returnType — fallback skipped', async () => {
+    // consumer.ts has a local getUser() without returnType annotation.
+    // No import of getUser exists. The accumulator has getUser → User from api.ts.
+    // Tier is 'same-file' so fallback must NOT fire.
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/consumer.ts', 'getUser', 'Function:src/consumer.ts:getUser', 'Function');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/models.ts', 'User', 'Class:src/models.ts:User', 'Class');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/models.ts', 'save', 'Method:src/models.ts:save', 'Method', {
+      ownerId: 'Class:src/models.ts:User',
+    });
+    // Add a second 'save' so fuzzy lookup is ambiguous without receiver type
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/other.ts', 'OtherClass', 'Class:src/other.ts:OtherClass', 'Class');
+    ctx.symbols.add('src/other.ts', 'save', 'Method:src/other.ts:save', 'Method', {
+      ownerId: 'Class:src/other.ts:OtherClass',
+    });
+
+    const acc = new BindingAccumulator();
+    acc.appendFile('src/api.ts', [{ scope: '', varName: 'getUser', typeName: 'User' }]);
+
+    const constructorBindings: FileConstructorBindings[] = [
+      {
+        filePath: 'src/consumer.ts',
+        bindings: [{ scope: 'main@0', varName: 'x', calleeName: 'getUser' }],
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const calls: ExtractedCall[] = [
+      {
+        filePath: 'src/consumer.ts',
+        calledName: 'save',
+        sourceId: 'Function:src/consumer.ts:main',
+        receiverName: 'x',
+        callForm: 'member',
+      },
+    ];
+
+    await processCallsFromExtracted(
+      graph,
+      calls,
+      ctx,
+      undefined,
+      constructorBindings,
+      undefined,
+      acc,
+    );
+
+    // Same-file callable — local is authoritative even without annotation.
+    // Fuzzy 'save' lookup is ambiguous → no edge.
+    const rels = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'CALLS');
+    expect(rels).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
   // ---- Scope-aware constructor bindings (Phase 3) ----
 
   it('receiverKey collision: same method name in different classes does not collide', async () => {