diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
index fd87de939..71a3ef8c4 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
@@ -528,6 +528,29 @@ interface OverloadHints {
   inferLiteralType: (node: SyntaxNode) => string | undefined;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Kotlin (and JVM in general) uses boxed type names in parameter declarations
+ * (e.g. `Int`, `Long`, `Boolean`) while inferJvmLiteralType returns unboxed
+ * primitives (`int`, `long`, `boolean`). Normalise both sides to lowercase so
+ * that the comparison `'Int' === 'int'` does not fail.
+ *
+ * Only applied to single-word identifiers that look like a JVM primitive alias;
+ * multi-word or qualified names are left untouched.
+ */
+const KOTLIN_BOXED_TO_PRIMITIVE: Readonly<Record<string, string>> = {
+  Int: 'int',
+  Long: 'long',
+  Short: 'short',
+  Byte: 'byte',
+  Float: 'float',
+  Double: 'double',
+  Boolean: 'boolean',
+  Char: 'char',
+};
+
+const normalizeJvmTypeName = (name: string): string =>
+  KOTLIN_BOXED_TO_PRIMITIVE[name] ?? name;
+
 /**
  * Try to disambiguate overloaded candidates using argument literal types.
  * Only invoked when filteredCandidates.length > 1 and at least one has parameterTypes.
@@ -539,18 +562,33 @@ const tryOverloadDisambiguation = (
 ): SymbolDefinition | null => {
   if (!candidates.some(c => c.parameterTypes)) return null;
 
-  // Find the argument list node in the call expression
-  const argList = hints.callNode.childForFieldName?.('arguments')
-    ?? hints.callNode.children.find(c =>
+  // Find the argument list node in the call expression.
+  // Kotlin wraps value_arguments inside a call_suffix child, so we must also
+  // search one level deeper when a direct match is not found.
+  let argList: any = hints.callNode.childForFieldName?.('arguments')
+    ?? hints.callNode.children.find((c: any) =>
       c.type === 'arguments' || c.type === 'argument_list' || c.type === 'value_arguments'
     );
+  if (!argList) {
+    // Kotlin: call_expression → call_suffix → value_arguments
+    const callSuffix = hints.callNode.children.find((c: any) => c.type === 'call_suffix');
+    if (callSuffix) {
+      argList = callSuffix.children.find((c: any) => c.type === 'value_arguments');
+    }
+  }
   if (!argList) return null;
 
   const argTypes: (string | undefined)[] = [];
   for (const arg of argList.namedChildren) {
     if (arg.type === 'comment') continue;
-    // For named arguments (Kotlin), extract the value expression
-    const valueNode = arg.childForFieldName?.('value') ?? arg;
+    // Unwrap argument wrapper nodes before passing to inferLiteralType:
+    //   - Kotlin value_argument: literal is the first (and only) named child
+    //   - C# argument: no named fields — the literal is the only named child
+    //   - Java/others: arg IS the literal directly (no unwrapping needed)
+    const valueNode = arg.childForFieldName?.('value')
+      ?? (arg.type === 'argument' || arg.type === 'value_argument'
+        ? arg.firstNamedChild ?? arg
+        : arg);
     argTypes.push(hints.inferLiteralType(valueNode));
   }
 
@@ -559,9 +597,12 @@ const tryOverloadDisambiguation = (
 
   const matched = candidates.filter(c => {
     if (!c.parameterTypes) return true; // Keep candidates without type info
-    return c.parameterTypes.every((pType, i) =>
-      i >= argTypes.length || !argTypes[i] || pType === argTypes[i]
-    );
+    return c.parameterTypes.every((pType, i) => {
+      if (i >= argTypes.length || !argTypes[i]) return true;
+      // Normalise Kotlin boxed type names (Int→int, Boolean→boolean, etc.) so
+      // that the stored declaration type matches the inferred literal type.
+      return normalizeJvmTypeName(pType) === argTypes[i];
+    });
   });
 
   return matched.length === 1 ? matched[0] : null;
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/tree-sitter-queries.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/tree-sitter-queries.ts
index 2dc6cb546..f2b7c9c6e 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/tree-sitter-queries.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/tree-sitter-queries.ts
@@ -425,6 +425,20 @@ export const CPP_QUERIES = `
     declarator: (function_declarator
       declarator: [(field_identifier) (identifier) (operator_name) (destructor_name)] @name)) @definition.method)
 
+; Inline class methods returning a pointer type (User* lookup(int id) { ... })
+(field_declaration_list
+  (function_definition
+    declarator: (pointer_declarator
+      declarator: (function_declarator
+        declarator: [(field_identifier) (identifier) (operator_name)] @name))) @definition.method)
+
+; Inline class methods returning a reference type (User& lookup(int id) { ... })
+(field_declaration_list
+  (function_definition
+    declarator: (reference_declarator
+      (function_declarator
+        declarator: [(field_identifier) (identifier) (operator_name)] @name))) @definition.method)
+
 ; Templates
 (template_declaration (class_specifier name: (type_identifier) @name)) @definition.template
 (template_declaration (function_definition declarator: (function_declarator declarator: (identifier) @name))) @definition.template
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/shared.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/shared.ts
index e04d1f2a0..12a0f4f80 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/shared.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/shared.ts
@@ -275,7 +275,11 @@ export const extractSimpleTypeName = (typeNode: SyntaxNode, depth = 0): string |
 
   // Primitive/predefined types: string, int, float, bool, number, unknown, any
   // PHP: primitive_type; TS/JS: predefined_type
-  if (typeNode.type === 'primitive_type' || typeNode.type === 'predefined_type') {
+  // Java: integral_type (int/long/short/byte), floating_point_type (float/double),
+  //       boolean_type (boolean), void_type (void)
+  if (typeNode.type === 'primitive_type' || typeNode.type === 'predefined_type'
+    || typeNode.type === 'integral_type' || typeNode.type === 'floating_point_type'
+    || typeNode.type === 'boolean_type' || typeNode.type === 'void_type') {
     return typeNode.text;
   }
 
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils.ts
index 699ff47f4..77ead396f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils.ts
@@ -406,7 +406,8 @@ export const extractFunctionName = (node: SyntaxNode): { funcName: string | null
       if (!innerDeclarator) {
         for (let i = 0; i < declarator.childCount; i++) {
           const c = declarator.child(i);
-          if (c?.type === 'qualified_identifier' || c?.type === 'identifier' || c?.type === 'parenthesized_declarator') { innerDeclarator = c; break; }
+          if (c?.type === 'qualified_identifier' || c?.type === 'identifier'
+            || c?.type === 'field_identifier' || c?.type === 'parenthesized_declarator') { innerDeclarator = c; break; }
         }
       }
 
@@ -422,8 +423,10 @@ export const extractFunctionName = (node: SyntaxNode): { funcName: string | null
           funcName = nameNode.text;
           label = 'Method';
         }
-      } else if (innerDeclarator?.type === 'identifier') {
+      } else if (innerDeclarator?.type === 'identifier' || innerDeclarator?.type === 'field_identifier') {
+        // field_identifier is used for method names inside C++ class bodies
         funcName = innerDeclarator.text;
+        if (innerDeclarator.type === 'field_identifier') label = 'Method';
       } else if (innerDeclarator?.type === 'parenthesized_declarator') {
         let nestedId: SyntaxNode | null = null;
         for (let i = 0; i < innerDeclarator.childCount; i++) {
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cpp-overload-param-types/service.cpp b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cpp-overload-param-types/service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b65fdacfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cpp-overload-param-types/service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <string>
+
+class User {};
+
+class UserService {
+public:
+    User* lookup(int id) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    User* lookup(std::string name) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void run() {
+        lookup(42);        // literal int → should disambiguate to lookup(int)
+        lookup("alice");   // literal string → should disambiguate to lookup(string)
+    }
+};
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-param-types/Models/UserService.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-param-types/Models/UserService.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c03b367d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-param-types/Models/UserService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+namespace Models;
+
+public class User
+{
+    public string GetName() => "user";
+}
+
+public class UserService
+{
+    public User Lookup(int id)
+    {
+        return new User();
+    }
+
+    public User Lookup(string name)
+    {
+        return new User();
+    }
+
+    public void Run()
+    {
+        Lookup(42);        // literal int → should disambiguate to Lookup(int)
+        Lookup("alice");   // literal string → should disambiguate to Lookup(string)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-param-types/models/User.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-param-types/models/User.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c45c00c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-param-types/models/User.java
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package models;
+
+public class User {
+    public String getName() {
+        return "user";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-param-types/models/UserService.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-param-types/models/UserService.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9c022017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-param-types/models/UserService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package models;
+
+public class UserService {
+    public User lookup(int id) {
+        return new User();
+    }
+
+    public User lookup(String name) {
+        return new User();
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        lookup(42);        // literal int → should disambiguate to lookup(int)
+        lookup("alice");   // literal String → should disambiguate to lookup(String)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-virtual-dispatch/models/App.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-virtual-dispatch/models/App.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e82b84c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-virtual-dispatch/models/App.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package models;
+
+// All classes in same file so parentMap captures the extends relationship
+
+class Animal {
+    public String speak() {
+        return "...";
+    }
+}
+
+class Dog extends Animal {
+    public String speak() {
+        return "woof";
+    }
+
+    public String fetchBall() {
+        return "ball";
+    }
+}
+
+public class App {
+    public void run() {
+        // Virtual dispatch: declared as Animal, constructed as Dog
+        Animal animal = new Dog();
+        animal.fetchBall();  // Only Dog has fetchBall — proves virtual dispatch override
+
+        // Direct type: no override needed
+        Dog dog = new Dog();
+        dog.fetchBall();     // Direct resolution to Dog#fetchBall
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-param-types/services/UserService.kt b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-param-types/services/UserService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d81744524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-param-types/services/UserService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package services
+
+class User
+
+class UserService {
+    fun lookup(id: Int): User? {
+        return null
+    }
+
+    fun lookup(name: String): User? {
+        return null
+    }
+
+    fun run() {
+        lookup(42)        // literal Int → should disambiguate to lookup(Int)
+        lookup("alice")   // literal String → should disambiguate to lookup(String)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-virtual-dispatch/src/app.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-virtual-dispatch/src/app.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe1df20ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-virtual-dispatch/src/app.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// All classes in same file so parentMap captures the extends relationship
+
+class Animal {
+  speak(): string {
+    return '...';
+  }
+}
+
+class Dog extends Animal {
+  speak(): string {
+    return 'woof';
+  }
+
+  fetchBall(): string {
+    return 'ball';
+  }
+}
+
+export function run(): void {
+  // Virtual dispatch: declared as Animal, constructed as Dog
+  const animal: Animal = new Dog();
+  animal.fetchBall();  // Only Dog has fetchBall — proves virtual dispatch override
+
+  // Direct type: no override needed
+  const dog: Dog = new Dog();
+  dog.fetchBall();     // Direct resolution to Dog#fetchBall
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cpp.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cpp.test.ts
index d40f1f15e..9e2536103 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cpp.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cpp.test.ts
@@ -1061,3 +1061,29 @@ describe('C++ grandparent method resolution via MRO (Phase B)', () => {
     expect(greetCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ── Phase P: Overload Disambiguation via Parameter Types ─────────────────
+
+describe('C++ overload disambiguation by parameter types', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'cpp-overload-param-types'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects lookup method (1 graph node — ID collision for same-file overloads)', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method');
+    const lookupMethods = methods.filter(m => m === 'lookup');
+    expect(lookupMethods.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edge from run() → lookup() via overload disambiguation', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const lookupCalls = calls.filter(c => c.source === 'run' && c.target === 'lookup');
+    // Both lookup(42) and lookup("alice") resolve to same nodeId → 1 CALLS edge
+    expect(lookupCalls.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/csharp.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/csharp.test.ts
index 049590524..5dbdb944f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/csharp.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/csharp.test.ts
@@ -1469,3 +1469,29 @@ describe('C# null-check narrowing resolution (Phase C)', () => {
     expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ── Phase P: Overload Disambiguation via Parameter Types ─────────────────
+
+describe('C# overload disambiguation by parameter types', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'csharp-overload-param-types'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects Lookup method in UserService (1 graph node — ID collision for same-file overloads)', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method');
+    const lookupMethods = methods.filter(m => m === 'Lookup');
+    expect(lookupMethods.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edge from Run() → Lookup() via overload disambiguation', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const lookupCalls = calls.filter(c => c.source === 'Run' && c.target === 'Lookup');
+    // Both Lookup(42) and Lookup("alice") resolve to same nodeId → 1 CALLS edge
+    expect(lookupCalls.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts
index 78e3d309a..d9dbc98df 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts
@@ -1324,3 +1324,74 @@ describe('Java grandparent method resolution via MRO (Phase B)', () => {
     expect(greetCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ── Phase P: Overload Disambiguation via Parameter Types ─────────────────
+
+describe('Java overload disambiguation by parameter types', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'java-overload-param-types'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects lookup method in UserService (1 graph node — ID collision for same-file overloads)', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method');
+    const lookupMethods = methods.filter(m => m === 'lookup');
+    // generateId produces same ID for same-file same-name overloads;
+    // graph deduplicates, so 1 node. SymbolTable stores both via fileIndex.
+    expect(lookupMethods.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edge from run() → lookup() via overload disambiguation', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const lookupCalls = calls.filter(c => c.source === 'run' && c.target === 'lookup');
+    // Phase 0 (fileIndex stores both overloads) + Phase 2 (literal type matching)
+    // enables resolution where previously 2 same-arity candidates → null.
+    // Both calls resolve to same nodeId (ID collision) → 1 CALLS edge after dedup.
+    expect(lookupCalls.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
+
+// ── Phase P: Virtual Dispatch via Constructor Type ───────────────────────
+
+describe('Java virtual dispatch via constructor type (same-file)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'java-virtual-dispatch'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects Animal, Dog, and App classes in same file', () => {
+    const classes = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class');
+    expect(classes).toContain('Animal');
+    expect(classes).toContain('Dog');
+    expect(classes).toContain('App');
+  });
+
+  it('detects Dog extends Animal heritage', () => {
+    const extends_ = getRelationships(result, 'EXTENDS');
+    const dogExtends = extends_.find(e => e.source === 'Dog' && e.target === 'Animal');
+    expect(dogExtends).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('detects fetchBall() as Dog-only method', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method');
+    expect(methods).toContain('fetchBall');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves fetchBall() calls from run() — proves virtual dispatch override', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const fetchCalls = calls.filter(c => c.source === 'run' && c.target === 'fetchBall');
+    // animal.fetchBall() only resolves if constructorTypeMap overrides
+    // receiver from Animal → Dog (since only Dog has fetchBall).
+    // dog.fetchBall() resolves directly via Dog type.
+    // Both target same nodeId → 1 CALLS edge after dedup.
+    expect(fetchCalls.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/kotlin.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/kotlin.test.ts
index 4db02d4dd..49e594f36 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/kotlin.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/kotlin.test.ts
@@ -1532,3 +1532,29 @@ describe('Kotlin null-check narrowing resolution (Phase C)', () => {
     expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ── Phase P: Overload Disambiguation via Parameter Types ─────────────────
+
+describe('Kotlin overload disambiguation by parameter types', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'kotlin-overload-param-types'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects lookup function (1 graph node — ID collision for same-file overloads)', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Function');
+    const lookupFuncs = methods.filter(m => m === 'lookup');
+    expect(lookupFuncs.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edge from run() → lookup() via overload disambiguation', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const lookupCalls = calls.filter(c => c.source === 'run' && c.target === 'lookup');
+    // Both lookup(42) and lookup("alice") resolve to same nodeId → 1 CALLS edge
+    expect(lookupCalls.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts
index 6352d4024..3bb205874 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts
@@ -2222,3 +2222,39 @@ describe('TypeScript null-check narrowing resolution (Phase C)', () => {
     expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ── Phase P: Virtual Dispatch via Constructor Type ───────────────────────
+
+describe('TypeScript virtual dispatch via constructor type (same-file)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'ts-virtual-dispatch'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects Animal and Dog classes with same-file heritage', () => {
+    const classes = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class');
+    expect(classes).toContain('Animal');
+    expect(classes).toContain('Dog');
+    const extends_ = getRelationships(result, 'EXTENDS');
+    const dogExtends = extends_.find(e => e.source === 'Dog' && e.target === 'Animal');
+    expect(dogExtends).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('detects fetchBall() as Dog-only method', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method');
+    expect(methods).toContain('fetchBall');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves fetchBall() calls from run() — proves virtual dispatch override', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const fetchCalls = calls.filter(c => c.source === 'run' && c.target === 'fetchBall');
+    // animal.fetchBall() only resolves if constructorTypeMap overrides
+    // receiver from Animal → Dog. dog.fetchBall() resolves directly.
+    // Both target same nodeId → 1 CALLS edge after dedup.
+    expect(fetchCalls.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/method-signature.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/method-signature.test.ts
index ccd03b4ba..b6190c742 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/method-signature.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/method-signature.test.ts
@@ -140,6 +140,29 @@ describe('extractMethodSignature', () => {
       const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
       expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
     });
+
+    it('extracts parameterTypes for Java overloaded methods', () => {
+      parser.setLanguage(Java);
+      const code = `class Svc {
+  public User lookup(int id) { return null; }
+  public User lookup(String name) { return null; }
+  public void process(int code, String msg) {}
+}`;
+      const tree = parser.parse(code);
+      const classBody = tree.rootNode.child(0)!.childForFieldName('body')!;
+
+      const sig0 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(0)!);
+      expect(sig0.parameterCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(sig0.parameterTypes).toEqual(['int']);
+
+      const sig1 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(1)!);
+      expect(sig1.parameterCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(sig1.parameterTypes).toEqual(['String']);
+
+      const sig2 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(2)!);
+      expect(sig2.parameterCount).toBe(2);
+      expect(sig2.parameterTypes).toEqual(['int', 'String']);
+    });
   });
 
   describe('Kotlin', () => {
@@ -174,6 +197,24 @@ describe('extractMethodSignature', () => {
       const sig = extractMethodSignature(functionNode);
       expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
     });
+
+    it('extracts parameterTypes for Kotlin overloaded functions', () => {
+      parser.setLanguage(Kotlin);
+      const code = `class Svc {
+  fun lookup(id: Int): User? { return null }
+  fun lookup(name: String): User? { return null }
+}`;
+      const tree = parser.parse(code);
+      const classBody = tree.rootNode.child(0)!.namedChild(1)!;
+
+      const sig0 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(0)!);
+      expect(sig0.parameterCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(sig0.parameterTypes).toEqual(['Int']);
+
+      const sig1 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(1)!);
+      expect(sig1.parameterCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(sig1.parameterTypes).toEqual(['String']);
+    });
   });
 
   describe('C++', () => {
@@ -200,6 +241,21 @@ describe('extractMethodSignature', () => {
       const sig = extractMethodSignature(functionNode);
       expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
     });
+
+    it('extracts parameterTypes for C++ overloaded functions', () => {
+      parser.setLanguage(CPP);
+      const code = `User* lookup(int id) { return nullptr; }
+User* lookup(string name) { return nullptr; }`;
+      const tree = parser.parse(code);
+
+      const sig0 = extractMethodSignature(tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!);
+      expect(sig0.parameterCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(sig0.parameterTypes).toEqual(['int']);
+
+      const sig1 = extractMethodSignature(tree.rootNode.namedChild(1)!);
+      expect(sig1.parameterCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(sig1.parameterTypes).toEqual(['string']);
+    });
   });
 
   describe('C#', () => {
@@ -217,6 +273,24 @@ describe('extractMethodSignature', () => {
       expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(2);
     });
 
+    it('extracts parameterTypes for C# overloaded methods', () => {
+      parser.setLanguage(CSharp);
+      const code = `class Svc {
+  public User Lookup(int id) { return null; }
+  public User Lookup(string name) { return null; }
+}`;
+      const tree = parser.parse(code);
+      const classBody = tree.rootNode.child(0)!.childForFieldName('body')!;
+
+      const sig0 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(0)!);
+      expect(sig0.parameterCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(sig0.parameterTypes).toEqual(['int']);
+
+      const sig1 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(1)!);
+      expect(sig1.parameterCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(sig1.parameterTypes).toEqual(['string']);
+    });
+
     it('handles C# method with no params', () => {
       parser.setLanguage(CSharp);
       const code = `class Foo {
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts
index ce362c7a8..78f577e5f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts
@@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@ class RepoService {
         expect(flatGet(env, 'user')).toBe('User');
       });
 
-      it('does NOT extract binding from plain instanceof without variable', () => {
+      it('extracts boolean type from plain instanceof (no pattern variable)', () => {
         const tree = parse(`
           class App {
             void process(Object obj) {
@@ -1384,8 +1384,8 @@ class RepoService {
           }
         `, Java);
         const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'java');
-        // No pattern variable declared — no binding
-        expect(flatGet(env, 'b')).toBeUndefined();
+        // No pattern variable — b gets its declared type 'boolean', not 'User'
+        expect(flatGet(env, 'b')).toBe('boolean');
       });
 
       it('extracts correct type when multiple instanceof patterns exist', () => {