diff --git a/.github/workflows/claude.yml b/.github/workflows/claude.yml
index fcafc0279..021a56930 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/claude.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/claude.yml
@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@ jobs:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           allowed_non_write_users: '*'
           show_full_output: true
+          # Review posts use Bash (`gh`, etc.); default mode asks for approval — impossible in CI.
+          claude_args: '--dangerously-skip-permissions'
           plugin_marketplaces: 'https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code.git'
           plugins: 'code-review@claude-code-plugins'
-          prompt: '/code-review:code-review ${{ github.repository }}/pull/${{ steps.pr.outputs.number }}'
+          prompt: '/code-review:code-review https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/pull/${{ steps.pr.outputs.number }} --comment'
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 60317d73d..1346facc9 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -149,11 +149,16 @@ Indexed as **GitNexus** (4325 symbols, 10556 relationships, 300 execution flows)
 ## Keeping the Index Fresh
 
 ```bash
-npx gitnexus analyze                 # basic refresh; preserves any existing embeddings
+npx gitnexus analyze                 # incremental by default; preserves embeddings
+npx gitnexus analyze --force         # full rebuild from scratch (opt out of incremental)
 npx gitnexus analyze --embeddings    # also generate embeddings for new/changed nodes
 npx gitnexus analyze --drop-embeddings  # explicit opt-in to wipe existing embeddings
 ```
 
+`analyze` runs **incrementally by default**. The pipeline still parses every file every run (cross-file resolution requires it), but tree-sitter parsing is **served from a content-addressed cache** at `.gitnexus/parse-cache.json` for chunks whose file contents haven't changed since the last run. Only changed-file rows (and their importers) are rewritten in LadybugDB; unchanged-file rows are preserved. Output is byte-equivalent to a full rebuild. Pass `--force` to wipe and re-index from scratch (e.g., to recover from a corrupt index, or after upgrading GitNexus).
+
+The parse cache key is **content-addressed and version-tagged**: it survives `--force` runs, and is automatically invalidated by a `gitnexus` package upgrade (so a new tree-sitter grammar doesn't silently replay stale parse output). Safe to delete `.gitnexus/parse-cache.json` at any time — it'll be rebuilt on the next analyze.
+
 Check `.gitnexus/meta.json` `stats.embeddings` (0 = none). A plain `analyze` no longer drops existing vectors — pass `--drop-embeddings` to wipe.
 
 > Claude Code: PostToolUse hook detects a stale index after `git commit` and `git merge` and prompts the agent to run `analyze`. The hook does not invoke `analyze` itself.
diff --git a/GUARDRAILS.md b/GUARDRAILS.md
index 1cc032759..c09f0319a 100644
--- a/GUARDRAILS.md
+++ b/GUARDRAILS.md
@@ -30,9 +30,15 @@ Format: **Trigger → Instruction → Reason**. Append new Signs when the same m
 ### Stale graph after edits
 
 - **Trigger:** MCP warns index is behind `HEAD`, or search doesn't match latest commit.
-- **Do:** `npx gitnexus analyze` (plus `--embeddings` if used).
+- **Do:** `npx gitnexus analyze` (plus `--embeddings` if used). Runs incrementally by default — the pipeline parses every file every run (cross-file resolution requires it), but tree-sitter dispatch is skipped for unchanged file chunks via the content-addressed cache, and only changed-file rows (plus their importers, transitively) are rewritten in LadybugDB.
 - **Why:** Tools query LadybugDB from last analyze; git changes are invisible until re-indexed.
 
+### Index seems corrupt or "incremental" is misbehaving
+
+- **Trigger:** `analyze` produces unexpected results, or `meta.json.incrementalInProgress` is set, or the index is in a half-state after a crash.
+- **Do:** `npx gitnexus analyze --force` to rebuild from scratch. The dirty-flag check forces this automatically when a previous incremental run didn't complete cleanly, but `--force` is the manual escape hatch. Safe to delete `.gitnexus/parse-cache.json` at any time — content-addressed, will be regenerated.
+- **Why:** Incremental writeback is selective DB row replacement; if the on-disk state is inconsistent for any reason, a full rebuild is the cheapest path back to a known-good index.
+
 ### Embeddings vanished after analyze
 
 - **Trigger:** Semantic search quality drops; `stats.embeddings` in `meta.json` is 0 after refresh.
diff --git a/gitnexus-shared/src/scope-resolution/method-dispatch-index.ts b/gitnexus-shared/src/scope-resolution/method-dispatch-index.ts
index d09e8fa89..dcaa45055 100644
--- a/gitnexus-shared/src/scope-resolution/method-dispatch-index.ts
+++ b/gitnexus-shared/src/scope-resolution/method-dispatch-index.ts
@@ -40,11 +40,27 @@ export interface MethodDispatchIndex {
   readonly mroByOwnerDefId: ReadonlyMap<DefId, readonly DefId[]>;
   /** Interfaces / traits → classes that implement them. */
   readonly implsByInterfaceDefId: ReadonlyMap<DefId, readonly DefId[]>;
+  /**
+   * Optional parallel MRO view that EXCLUDES mixin-like augmentation
+   * (e.g., PHP traits). Populated only when the input supplies
+   * `computeExtendsOnlyMro`. Used by the super-branch dispatch in
+   * `receiver-bound-calls` so that `parent::method()` walks the
+   * inheritance chain only, not the trait-augmented one. Undefined for
+   * languages without mixin-like semantics — callers should fall back
+   * to `mroFor` when this is missing.
+   */
+  readonly extendsOnlyMroByOwnerDefId?: ReadonlyMap<DefId, readonly DefId[]>;
 
   /** `mroByOwnerDefId.get`, with an empty frozen array on miss. */
   mroFor(ownerDefId: DefId): readonly DefId[];
   /** `implsByInterfaceDefId.get`, with an empty frozen array on miss. */
   implementorsOf(interfaceDefId: DefId): readonly DefId[];
+  /**
+   * `extendsOnlyMroByOwnerDefId.get`, with an empty frozen array on miss.
+   * Undefined when `extendsOnlyMroByOwnerDefId` was not populated; callers
+   * should treat this as equivalent to `mroFor` for non-mixin languages.
+   */
+  readonly extendsOnlyMroFor?: (ownerDefId: DefId) => readonly DefId[];
 }
 
 export interface MethodDispatchInput {
@@ -81,12 +97,25 @@ export interface MethodDispatchInput {
    * write-wins policy and fires at most once per unique owner.
    */
   readonly implementsOf: (ownerDefId: DefId) => readonly DefId[];
+  /**
+   * Optional: return the EXTENDS-only ancestor chain for `ownerDefId`,
+   * excluding the owner itself AND any mixin-like augmentation (e.g.,
+   * PHP traits). Languages without mixin semantics leave this undefined
+   * and the index's `extendsOnlyMroByOwnerDefId` stays unpopulated.
+   *
+   * Same contract as `computeMro`: pure, deterministic, `[]` on no parents.
+   * Called at most once per unique owner (first-write-wins).
+   */
+  readonly computeExtendsOnlyMro?: (ownerDefId: DefId) => readonly DefId[];
 }
 
 // ─── Builder ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 export function buildMethodDispatchIndex(input: MethodDispatchInput): MethodDispatchIndex {
   const mroByOwnerDefId = new Map<DefId, readonly DefId[]>();
+  const extendsOnlyByOwnerDefId = input.computeExtendsOnlyMro
+    ? new Map<DefId, readonly DefId[]>()
+    : undefined;
   const implsBuilding = new Map<DefId, DefId[]>();
   const implsSeen = new Map<DefId, Set<DefId>>();
 
@@ -97,6 +126,14 @@ export function buildMethodDispatchIndex(input: MethodDispatchInput): MethodDisp
       const chain = input.computeMro(ownerId);
       mroByOwnerDefId.set(ownerId, Object.freeze(chain.slice()));
     }
+    if (
+      input.computeExtendsOnlyMro !== undefined &&
+      extendsOnlyByOwnerDefId !== undefined &&
+      !extendsOnlyByOwnerDefId.has(ownerId)
+    ) {
+      const extOnly = input.computeExtendsOnlyMro(ownerId);
+      extendsOnlyByOwnerDefId.set(ownerId, Object.freeze(extOnly.slice()));
+    }
 
     for (const ifaceId of input.implementsOf(ownerId)) {
       let seen = implsSeen.get(ifaceId);
@@ -121,7 +158,7 @@ export function buildMethodDispatchIndex(input: MethodDispatchInput): MethodDisp
     implsByInterfaceDefId.set(ifaceId, Object.freeze(owners.slice()));
   }
 
-  return wrapIndex(mroByOwnerDefId, implsByInterfaceDefId);
+  return wrapIndex(mroByOwnerDefId, implsByInterfaceDefId, extendsOnlyByOwnerDefId);
 }
 
 // ─── Internal ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -131,8 +168,9 @@ const EMPTY: readonly DefId[] = Object.freeze([]);
 function wrapIndex(
   mroByOwnerDefId: Map<DefId, readonly DefId[]>,
   implsByInterfaceDefId: Map<DefId, readonly DefId[]>,
+  extendsOnlyMroByOwnerDefId: Map<DefId, readonly DefId[]> | undefined,
 ): MethodDispatchIndex {
-  return {
+  const base: MethodDispatchIndex = {
     mroByOwnerDefId,
     implsByInterfaceDefId,
     mroFor(ownerDefId: DefId): readonly DefId[] {
@@ -142,4 +180,14 @@ function wrapIndex(
       return implsByInterfaceDefId.get(interfaceDefId) ?? EMPTY;
     },
   };
+  if (extendsOnlyMroByOwnerDefId !== undefined) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      extendsOnlyMroByOwnerDefId,
+      extendsOnlyMroFor(ownerDefId: DefId): readonly DefId[] {
+        return extendsOnlyMroByOwnerDefId.get(ownerDefId) ?? EMPTY;
+      },
+    };
+  }
+  return base;
 }
diff --git a/gitnexus-shared/src/scope-resolution/registries/lookup-core.ts b/gitnexus-shared/src/scope-resolution/registries/lookup-core.ts
index a18ad4930..fff3e7adb 100644
--- a/gitnexus-shared/src/scope-resolution/registries/lookup-core.ts
+++ b/gitnexus-shared/src/scope-resolution/registries/lookup-core.ts
@@ -423,13 +423,30 @@ function applyArityFilter(
   }
 
   let anyCompatible = false;
+  let anyUnknown = false;
   for (const state of perCandidate.values()) {
     const verdict = arityFn(callsite, state.def);
     state.signals.arityVerdict = verdict;
     if (verdict === 'compatible') anyCompatible = true;
+    else if (verdict === 'unknown') anyUnknown = true;
   }
 
-  if (!anyCompatible) return;
+  // When ALL candidates are 'incompatible' (none compatible, none unknown),
+  // the call is genuinely arity-broken — drop every candidate so the
+  // registry returns no resolution. This matches the PHP variadic case
+  // f(int $req, ...$rest) called with zero args: every candidate definitively
+  // rejects, and emitting an edge to a definitively-rejected callable is
+  // a false positive. When some candidates are 'unknown' (missing metadata),
+  // keep the set so downstream evidence can break the tie — that's the
+  // original safety-fallback behavior.
+  if (!anyCompatible) {
+    if (!anyUnknown) {
+      for (const defId of perCandidate.keys()) {
+        perCandidate.delete(defId);
+      }
+    }
+    return;
+  }
 
   // Filter: when at least one compatible candidate exists, drop incompatibles.
   for (const [defId, state] of perCandidate) {
diff --git a/gitnexus/package-lock.json b/gitnexus/package-lock.json
index 7aa9dc7bf..15831e54d 100644
--- a/gitnexus/package-lock.json
+++ b/gitnexus/package-lock.json
@@ -1600,9 +1600,9 @@
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
     "node_modules/@protobufjs/codegen": {
-      "version": "2.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@protobufjs/codegen/-/codegen-2.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YyFaikqM5sH0ziFZCN3xDC7zeGaB/d0IUb9CATugHWbd1FRFwWwt4ld4OYMPWu5a3Xe01mGAULCdqhMlPl29Jg==",
+      "version": "2.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@protobufjs/codegen/-/codegen-2.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zgXFLzW3Ap33e6d0Wlj4MGIm6Ce8O89n/apUaGNB/jx+hw+ruWEp7EwGUshdLKVRCxZW12fp9r40E1mQrf/34g==",
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
     "node_modules/@protobufjs/eventemitter": {
@@ -1628,9 +1628,9 @@
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
     "node_modules/@protobufjs/inquire": {
-      "version": "1.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@protobufjs/inquire/-/inquire-1.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-kdSefcPdruJiFMVSbn801t4vFK7KB/5gd2fYvrxhuJYg8ILrmn9SKSX2tZdV6V+ksulWqS7aXjBcRXl3wHoD9Q==",
+      "version": "1.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@protobufjs/inquire/-/inquire-1.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-mnzgDV26ueAvk7rsbt9L7bE0SuAoqyuys/sMMrmVcN5x9VsxpcG3rqAUSgDyLp0UZlmNfIbQ4fHfCtreVBk8Ew==",
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
     "node_modules/@protobufjs/path": {
@@ -1646,9 +1646,9 @@
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
     "node_modules/@protobufjs/utf8": {
-      "version": "1.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@protobufjs/utf8/-/utf8-1.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Vvn3zZrhQZkkBE8LSuW3em98c0FwgO4nxzv6OdSxPKJIEKY2bGbHn+mhGIPerzI4twdxaP8/0+06HBpwf345Lw==",
+      "version": "1.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@protobufjs/utf8/-/utf8-1.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oOAWABowe8EAbMyWKM0tYDKi8Yaox52D+HWZhAIJqQXbqe0xI/GV7FhLWqlEKreMkfDjshR5FKgi3mnle0h6Eg==",
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
     "node_modules/@rolldown/binding-android-arm64": {
@@ -4543,22 +4543,22 @@
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/protobufjs": {
-      "version": "7.5.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/protobufjs/-/protobufjs-7.5.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-3wY1AxV+VBNW8Yypfd1yQY9pXnqTAN+KwQxL8iYm3/BjKYMNg4i0owhEe26PWDOMaIrzeeF98Lqd5NGz4omiIg==",
+      "version": "7.5.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/protobufjs/-/protobufjs-7.5.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dvpCIeLPbXZS/Ete7yLaO7RenOdken2NHKykBXbsaGxZT0UTltcarBciw+A78SRQs9iMAAVpsYA+l8b1hTePIA==",
       "hasInstallScript": true,
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
         "@protobufjs/aspromise": "^1.1.2",
         "@protobufjs/base64": "^1.1.2",
-        "@protobufjs/codegen": "^2.0.4",
+        "@protobufjs/codegen": "^2.0.5",
         "@protobufjs/eventemitter": "^1.1.0",
         "@protobufjs/fetch": "^1.1.0",
         "@protobufjs/float": "^1.0.2",
-        "@protobufjs/inquire": "^1.1.0",
+        "@protobufjs/inquire": "^1.1.1",
         "@protobufjs/path": "^1.1.2",
         "@protobufjs/pool": "^1.1.0",
-        "@protobufjs/utf8": "^1.1.0",
+        "@protobufjs/utf8": "^1.1.1",
         "@types/node": ">=13.7.0",
         "long": "^5.0.0"
       },
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/incremental/shadow-candidates.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/incremental/shadow-candidates.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..415a6d9df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/incremental/shadow-candidates.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+ * Shadow-candidate path derivation for incremental indexing.
+ *
+ * Background — Bugbot review on PR #1479:
+ *   queryImporters() on a NEWLY ADDED file returns 0 importers in the
+ *   pre-pipeline DB, because the new file's IMPORTS rows haven't been
+ *   written yet. But pre-existing files may have IMPORTS edges that
+ *   *resolved to a sibling path*, and the newcomer can now steal that
+ *   resolution under standard JS/TS module-resolution rules. Without
+ *   pulling those pre-existing files into the writable set, their
+ *   stale CALLS edges remain pointing at the OLD resolution target.
+ *
+ * Given an added file path, this helper enumerates the pre-existing
+ * file paths whose import-resolution claim the newcomer can steal.
+ * Caller filters the candidates against the prior-run `fileHashes`
+ * map so we only query importers of paths that actually existed.
+ *
+ * Shadow patterns covered (resolution-priority-aware):
+ *
+ *   (a) Same basename, different extension —
+ *       added `foo/bar.ts` shadows `foo/bar.{tsx,js,jsx,mjs,cjs,d.ts}`.
+ *   (b) Bare-file beats directory-style index —
+ *       added `foo/bar.ts` shadows `foo/bar/index.{ts,tsx,...}`.
+ *   (c) Directory-index beats bare-file —
+ *       added `foo/index.ts` shadows `foo.{ts,tsx,...}` (rare but real,
+ *       e.g. converting a single-file module into a directory module).
+ *
+ * Resolution-order priority is conservatively wide: we enumerate ALL
+ * common extensions because we don't know which the importer actually
+ * specified, and over-seeding is harmless (extra BFS work, but the
+ * subgraph extract still gates write-back by file membership).
+ *
+ * Cross-platform path separators: candidates are emitted with both `/`
+ * and `\` for shadow pattern (b), since the caller's prior fileHashes
+ * map may use either depending on the OS that wrote it.
+ */
+
+const SHADOW_EXTS = ['.d.ts', '.tsx', '.ts', '.jsx', '.js', '.mjs', '.cjs'];
+
+/**
+ * Enumerate pre-existing paths whose import-resolution `added` can steal.
+ *
+ * @param added — repo-relative path of a newly-added file
+ * @returns deduplicated list of candidate paths (NOT filtered against
+ *          any known-files set — caller does that)
+ */
+export const shadowCandidatesFor = (added: string): string[] => {
+  const ext = SHADOW_EXTS.find((e) => added.endsWith(e));
+  if (!ext) return [];
+
+  const noExt = added.slice(0, -ext.length);
+  const out = new Set<string>();
+
+  // (a) Same basename, different extension.
+  for (const alt of SHADOW_EXTS) {
+    if (alt !== ext) out.add(noExt + alt);
+  }
+
+  // (b) Bare file beats sibling directory-style index.
+  for (const idx of SHADOW_EXTS) {
+    out.add(`${noExt}/index${idx}`);
+    out.add(`${noExt}\\index${idx}`);
+  }
+
+  // (c) New `foo/index.ext` shadows old `foo.ext`.
+  const idxSuffixSlash = '/index';
+  const idxSuffixBack = '\\index';
+  let dir: string | null = null;
+  if (noExt.endsWith(idxSuffixSlash)) dir = noExt.slice(0, -idxSuffixSlash.length);
+  else if (noExt.endsWith(idxSuffixBack)) dir = noExt.slice(0, -idxSuffixBack.length);
+  if (dir !== null) {
+    for (const alt of SHADOW_EXTS) out.add(dir + alt);
+  }
+
+  return [...out];
+};
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/incremental/subgraph-extract.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/incremental/subgraph-extract.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71fe656be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/incremental/subgraph-extract.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/**
+ * Subgraph extraction for incremental DB writeback.
+ *
+ * Given the FULL ctx.graph produced by the pipeline (all files parsed,
+ * all phases run) and the set of file paths whose DB rows must be
+ * replaced, produce a smaller KnowledgeGraph that contains:
+ *
+ *   - Every node whose `properties.filePath` is in `toWriteSet`.
+ *   - Every graph-wide node (Community, Process) — these are regenerated
+ *     each run by the communities/processes phases and must be fully
+ *     rewritten.
+ *   - Every relationship where AT LEAST ONE endpoint is in the writable
+ *     set above. Relationships entirely between unchanged-file nodes
+ *     are skipped — their rows are still in the DB and re-inserting
+ *     them would PK-conflict at COPY time.
+ *
+ * The resulting subgraph is what gets passed to `loadGraphToLbug` after
+ * the orchestrator has deleted the corresponding DB rows. Hydrated
+ * unchanged-file rows are never touched in the DB.
+ *
+ * # Cross-file edge consistency (Finding 1)
+ *
+ * `extractChangedSubgraph` intentionally does NOT expand the set it is
+ * given — expansion is the orchestrator's job, so the SAME expanded set
+ * can be fed to both `deleteNodesForFile` and this function (asymmetry
+ * between the delete set and the write set silently corrupts the DB).
+ * `computeEffectiveWriteSet` below performs the boundary-crossing 1-hop
+ * walk; the orchestrator composes it with its importer-BFS expansion and
+ * passes the result here.
+ *
+ * Why the 1-hop walk is needed: consider a barrel re-export change —
+ * file C (a barrel) shifts `export { foo } from './b'` to
+ * `export { foo } from './d'`. After scope resolution, file A's CALLS
+ * edge to `foo` resolves to D instead of B, even though A's content is
+ * byte-for-byte identical:
+ *
+ *   - Old A→B edge survives in DB (neither A nor B is changed → not deleted)
+ *   - New A→D edge is missing (neither A nor D in writable set → skipped)
+ *
+ * Pulling the unchanged-side file of every writable-boundary-crossing
+ * edge into the write set fixes both halves: the orchestrator's
+ * `DETACH DELETE` cleans up the stale unchanged-side rows, and the new
+ * cross-file edges land because at least one endpoint is now writable.
+ *
+ * Limitation (documented): if a file X *stopped* importing from a
+ * changed file C, X has no edge to C in the new graph, so this 1-hop
+ * walk doesn't catch it. The orchestrator's importer-BFS (which reads
+ * IMPORTS from the pre-pipeline DB) covers that case instead.
+ */
+
+import type { GraphNode, GraphRelationship } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { createKnowledgeGraph } from '../graph/graph.js';
+import type { KnowledgeGraph } from '../graph/types.js';
+
+const isGraphWide = (label: string): boolean => label === 'Community' || label === 'Process';
+
+/**
+ * Build a Map<nodeId, filePath> for every File-bound node in the graph.
+ * Graph-wide nodes (Community/Process) have no filePath and are filtered.
+ */
+const indexNodeFilePaths = (fullGraph: KnowledgeGraph): Map<string, string> => {
+  const idx = new Map<string, string>();
+  fullGraph.forEachNode((n: GraphNode) => {
+    const fp = n.properties?.filePath as string | undefined;
+    if (fp) idx.set(n.id, fp);
+  });
+  return idx;
+};
+
+export const extractChangedSubgraph = (
+  fullGraph: KnowledgeGraph,
+  toWriteSet: ReadonlySet<string>,
+): KnowledgeGraph => {
+  const sub = createKnowledgeGraph();
+  const writableNodeIds = new Set<string>();
+
+  fullGraph.forEachNode((n: GraphNode) => {
+    const filePath = n.properties?.filePath as string | undefined;
+    const include = (filePath && toWriteSet.has(filePath)) || isGraphWide(n.label);
+    if (include) {
+      sub.addNode(n);
+      writableNodeIds.add(n.id);
+    }
+  });
+
+  fullGraph.forEachRelationship((r: GraphRelationship) => {
+    if (writableNodeIds.has(r.sourceId) || writableNodeIds.has(r.targetId)) {
+      sub.addRelationship(r);
+    }
+  });
+
+  return sub;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Public — derive the EFFECTIVE write-set: `toWriteSet` expanded by one
+ * hop along every edge in the new graph that crosses the writable
+ * boundary (one endpoint in a writable file, the other in an unchanged
+ * file). The unchanged-side file is pulled in so its stale rows are
+ * deleted + rewritten in lockstep with the changed side.
+ *
+ * Single pass over the edge list. Does NOT mutate `toWriteSet`. The
+ * orchestrator MUST feed the returned set to both `deleteNodesForFile`
+ * and `extractChangedSubgraph` — feeding the unexpanded set to either
+ * one leaves stale rows or PK-conflicts at COPY time.
+ */
+export const computeEffectiveWriteSet = (
+  fullGraph: KnowledgeGraph,
+  toWriteSet: ReadonlySet<string>,
+): Set<string> => {
+  const nodeFilePaths = indexNodeFilePaths(fullGraph);
+  const expanded = new Set<string>(toWriteSet);
+  fullGraph.forEachRelationship((r: GraphRelationship) => {
+    const sourcePath = nodeFilePaths.get(r.sourceId);
+    const targetPath = nodeFilePaths.get(r.targetId);
+    if (!sourcePath || !targetPath) return; // skip edges to graph-wide nodes
+    const sourceWritable = toWriteSet.has(sourcePath);
+    const targetWritable = toWriteSet.has(targetPath);
+    if (sourceWritable && !targetWritable) expanded.add(targetPath);
+    else if (targetWritable && !sourceWritable) expanded.add(sourcePath);
+  });
+  return expanded;
+};
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
index 9fa6c1ae5..b45478f7a 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
@@ -42,12 +42,14 @@ import { isVerboseIngestionEnabled } from './utils/verbose.js';
 import { yieldToEventLoop } from './utils/event-loop.js';
 import { parseSourceSafe } from '../tree-sitter/safe-parse.js';
 import {
+  CLASS_CONTAINER_TYPES,
   FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES,
-  findEnclosingClassId,
   findEnclosingClassInfo,
   genericFuncName,
   inferFunctionLabel,
 } from './utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import type { FieldInfo, FieldExtractorContext } from './field-types.js';
+import type { LanguageProvider } from './language-provider.js';
 import { typeTagForId, constTagForId, buildCollisionGroups } from './utils/method-props.js';
 import type { MethodInfo } from './method-types.js';
 import {
@@ -77,6 +79,62 @@ import type { LiteralTypeInferrer } from './type-extractors/types.js';
 import type { SyntaxNode } from './utils/ast-helpers.js';
 
 import { logger } from '../logger.js';
+
+// ── Property-prepass helpers (parity with parse-worker.ts) ──
+// These mirror the sequential-path equivalents in parse-worker.ts so the main-
+// thread `processCalls` pre-pass produces byte-identical Property nodes/symbols
+// to the worker pool. Drift between the two paths breaks the
+// `incremental ≡ --force` invariant the moment a repo crosses the worker
+// threshold between runs.
+
+/** Walk up to the nearest enclosing class/struct/interface AST node. */
+const findEnclosingClassNode = (node: SyntaxNode): SyntaxNode | null => {
+  let current = node.parent;
+  while (current) {
+    if (CLASS_CONTAINER_TYPES.has(current.type)) return current;
+    current = current.parent;
+  }
+  return null;
+};
+
+/** No-op SymbolTable stub for FieldExtractorContext — matches parse-worker. */
+const NOOP_SYMBOL_TABLE: SymbolTableReader = {
+  lookupExact: () => undefined,
+  lookupExactFull: () => undefined,
+  lookupExactAll: () => [],
+  lookupCallableByName: () => [],
+  getFiles: () => [][Symbol.iterator](),
+  getStats: () => ({ fileCount: 0 }),
+};
+
+/**
+ * Extract (and cache) field info for a class node. Cache is passed in so it
+ * stays scoped to a single `processCalls` invocation rather than leaking
+ * across analyze runs (worker uses module-level caching because each worker
+ * process is short-lived; the main thread is not).
+ *
+ * Cache key is `${filePath}:${classNode.startIndex}` — startIndex alone is a
+ * per-file byte offset, so almost every Ruby/Python file's leading class lands
+ * at byte 0 and would collide across files in the shared map.
+ */
+const getFieldInfo = (
+  classNode: SyntaxNode,
+  provider: LanguageProvider,
+  context: FieldExtractorContext,
+  cache: Map<string, Map<string, FieldInfo>>,
+): Map<string, FieldInfo> | undefined => {
+  if (!provider.fieldExtractor) return undefined;
+  const cacheKey = `${context.filePath}:${classNode.startIndex}`;
+  const cached = cache.get(cacheKey);
+  if (cached) return cached;
+  const result = provider.fieldExtractor.extract(classNode, context);
+  if (!result?.fields?.length) return undefined;
+  const map = new Map<string, FieldInfo>();
+  for (const field of result.fields) map.set(field.name, field);
+  cache.set(cacheKey, map);
+  return map;
+};
+
 /** Per-file resolved type bindings for exported symbols.
  *  Populated during call processing, consumed by Phase 14 re-resolution pass. */
 export type ExportedTypeMap = Map<string, Map<string, string>>;
@@ -860,6 +918,120 @@ export const processCalls = async (
     prepared.push({ file, language, provider, tree, matches, parentMap, typeEnv });
   }
 
+  // ── Property-registration pre-pass ──
+  // Register all routed properties (e.g. Ruby attr_accessor) BEFORE the
+  // resolution loop so cross-file field-type lookups (e.g.
+  // `user.address.save → Address#save`) succeed regardless of file
+  // processing order. This MUST stay in lockstep with the equivalent
+  // worker-path block in parse-worker.ts (kind === 'properties') — any
+  // divergence between the two paths breaks the `incremental ≡ --force`
+  // invariant once a repo crosses the worker threshold between runs.
+  const fieldInfoCache = new Map<string, Map<string, FieldInfo>>();
+  for (const { file, language, provider, matches, typeEnv } of prepared) {
+    const callRouter = provider.callRouter;
+    if (!callRouter) continue;
+    matches.forEach((match) => {
+      const captureMap: Record<string, any> = {};
+      match.captures.forEach((c) => (captureMap[c.name] = c.node));
+      if (!captureMap['call']) return;
+      const callNameNode = captureMap['call.name'];
+      if (!callNameNode) return;
+      const routed = callRouter(callNameNode.text, captureMap['call']);
+      if (!routed || routed.kind !== 'properties') return;
+
+      const propEnclosingInfo = findEnclosingClassInfo(
+        captureMap['call'],
+        file.path,
+        provider.resolveEnclosingOwner,
+      );
+      const propEnclosingClassId = propEnclosingInfo?.classId ?? null;
+
+      // Enrich routed properties with FieldExtractor metadata so types
+      // discovered from constructor assignments (e.g. `@address = Address.new`)
+      // are propagated even when the routing payload itself lacks declaredType.
+      let routedFieldMap: Map<string, FieldInfo> | undefined;
+      if (provider.fieldExtractor && typeEnv) {
+        const classNode = findEnclosingClassNode(captureMap['call']);
+        if (classNode) {
+          routedFieldMap = getFieldInfo(
+            classNode,
+            provider,
+            {
+              typeEnv,
+              symbolTable: NOOP_SYMBOL_TABLE,
+              filePath: file.path,
+              language,
+            },
+            fieldInfoCache,
+          );
+        }
+      }
+
+      const fileId = generateId('File', file.path);
+      for (const item of routed.items) {
+        const routedFieldInfo = routedFieldMap?.get(item.propName);
+        const propQualifiedName = propEnclosingInfo
+          ? `${propEnclosingInfo.className}.${item.propName}`
+          : item.propName;
+        const nodeId = generateId('Property', `${file.path}:${propQualifiedName}`);
+        graph.addNode({
+          id: nodeId,
+          label: 'Property',
+          properties: {
+            name: item.propName,
+            filePath: file.path,
+            startLine: item.startLine,
+            endLine: item.endLine,
+            language,
+            isExported: true,
+            description: item.accessorType,
+            ...(item.declaredType
+              ? { declaredType: item.declaredType }
+              : routedFieldInfo?.type
+                ? { declaredType: routedFieldInfo.type }
+                : {}),
+            ...(routedFieldInfo?.visibility !== undefined
+              ? { visibility: routedFieldInfo.visibility }
+              : {}),
+            ...(routedFieldInfo?.isStatic !== undefined
+              ? { isStatic: routedFieldInfo.isStatic }
+              : {}),
+            ...(routedFieldInfo?.isReadonly !== undefined
+              ? { isReadonly: routedFieldInfo.isReadonly }
+              : {}),
+          },
+        });
+        ctx.model.symbols.add(file.path, item.propName, nodeId, 'Property', {
+          ...(propEnclosingClassId ? { ownerId: propEnclosingClassId } : {}),
+          ...(item.declaredType
+            ? { declaredType: item.declaredType }
+            : routedFieldInfo?.type
+              ? { declaredType: routedFieldInfo.type }
+              : {}),
+        });
+        const relId = generateId('DEFINES', `${fileId}->${nodeId}`);
+        graph.addRelationship({
+          id: relId,
+          sourceId: fileId,
+          targetId: nodeId,
+          type: 'DEFINES',
+          confidence: 1.0,
+          reason: '',
+        });
+        if (propEnclosingClassId) {
+          graph.addRelationship({
+            id: generateId('HAS_PROPERTY', `${propEnclosingClassId}->${nodeId}`),
+            sourceId: propEnclosingClassId,
+            targetId: nodeId,
+            type: 'HAS_PROPERTY',
+            confidence: 1.0,
+            reason: '',
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
   // ── Resolution loop: verify constructor bindings and resolve calls ──
   // The accumulator (if present) is now fully populated from the preparation
   // loop above, so verifyConstructorBindings sees all provider bindings
@@ -930,9 +1102,10 @@ export const processCalls = async (
             provider,
           );
           const srcId = enclosing || generateId('File', file.path);
-          // Defer resolution: Ruby attr_accessor properties are registered during
-          // this same loop, so cross-file lookups fail if the declaring file hasn't
-          // been processed yet. Collect now, resolve after all files are done.
+          // Defer resolution so write-access tracking sees the FINAL graph
+          // state — properties from the pre-pass are present, but receiver-type
+          // resolution can still depend on inference that completes during the
+          // main loop. Resolve after all files have been processed.
           pendingWrites.push({ receiverTypeName, propertyName, filePath: file.path, srcId });
         }
         // Assignment-only capture (no @call sibling): skip the rest of this
@@ -1053,47 +1226,8 @@ export const processCalls = async (
             return;
 
           case 'properties': {
-            const fileId = generateId('File', file.path);
-            const propEnclosingClassId = findEnclosingClassId(captureMap['call'], file.path);
-            for (const item of routed.items) {
-              const nodeId = generateId('Property', `${file.path}:${item.propName}`);
-              graph.addNode({
-                id: nodeId,
-                label: 'Property',
-                properties: {
-                  name: item.propName,
-                  filePath: file.path,
-                  startLine: item.startLine,
-                  endLine: item.endLine,
-                  language,
-                  isExported: true,
-                  description: item.accessorType,
-                },
-              });
-              ctx.model.symbols.add(file.path, item.propName, nodeId, 'Property', {
-                ...(propEnclosingClassId ? { ownerId: propEnclosingClassId } : {}),
-                ...(item.declaredType ? { declaredType: item.declaredType } : {}),
-              });
-              const relId = generateId('DEFINES', `${fileId}->${nodeId}`);
-              graph.addRelationship({
-                id: relId,
-                sourceId: fileId,
-                targetId: nodeId,
-                type: 'DEFINES',
-                confidence: 1.0,
-                reason: '',
-              });
-              if (propEnclosingClassId) {
-                graph.addRelationship({
-                  id: generateId('HAS_PROPERTY', `${propEnclosingClassId}->${nodeId}`),
-                  sourceId: propEnclosingClassId,
-                  targetId: nodeId,
-                  type: 'HAS_PROPERTY',
-                  confidence: 1.0,
-                  reason: '',
-                });
-              }
-            }
+            // Properties already registered in the pre-pass above.
+            // Skip to avoid duplicate nodes/edges.
             return;
           }
 
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/community-processor.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/community-processor.ts
index 9913e4a3f..ac8f068fa 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/community-processor.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/community-processor.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,24 @@ interface LeidenDetailedResult {
   modularity: number;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Deterministic PRNG (mulberry32) seed for the vendored Leiden algorithm.
+ * Vendored Leiden defaults `rng: Math.random`, which makes community
+ * assignment non-deterministic across runs. Passing a seeded RNG gives us
+ * reproducible community/modularity output, which is required for the
+ * incremental-indexing equivalence test (incremental ≡ full rebuild).
+ */
+const LEIDEN_SEED = 0xc0de;
+function createSeededRng(seed: number): () => number {
+  let s = seed >>> 0;
+  return () => {
+    s = (s + 0x6d2b79f5) >>> 0;
+    let t = Math.imul(s ^ (s >>> 15), 1 | s);
+    t = (t + Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 7), 61 | t)) ^ t;
+    return ((t ^ (t >>> 14)) >>> 0) / 4294967296;
+  };
+}
+
 // ============================================================================
 // TYPES
 // ============================================================================
@@ -150,6 +168,7 @@ export const processCommunities = async (
         leiden.detailed(graph, {
           resolution: isLarge ? 2.0 : 1.0,
           maxIterations: isLarge ? 3 : 0,
+          rng: createSeededRng(LEIDEN_SEED),
         }),
       ),
       new Promise<never>((_, reject) =>
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/standard.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/standard.ts
index f8aae9625..47e2dabb2 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/standard.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/standard.ts
@@ -128,7 +128,21 @@ export const resolveImportPath = (
 
   if (importPath.startsWith('.')) {
     const resolved = tryResolveWithExtensions(basePath, allFiles);
-    return cache(resolved);
+    if (resolved) return cache(resolved);
+
+    // TypeScript ESM: imports use .js/.jsx/.mjs/.cjs but source files are
+    // .ts/.tsx/.mts/.cts. Strip the JS-family extension and re-resolve.
+    // NOTE: This fallback only applies to relative imports. Path alias imports
+    // (e.g. @/utils.js via tsconfig paths) do not yet strip .js extensions —
+    // that is a known limitation tracked for follow-up.
+    if (language === SupportedLanguages.TypeScript || language === SupportedLanguages.JavaScript) {
+      const stripped = stripJsExtension(basePath);
+      if (stripped !== null) {
+        return cache(tryResolveWithExtensions(stripped, allFiles));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return cache(null);
   }
 
   // ---- Generic package/absolute import resolution (suffix matching) ----
@@ -182,3 +196,19 @@ export function resolveStandard(
 export function createStandardStrategy(language: SupportedLanguages): ImportResolverStrategy {
   return (raw, fp, ctx) => resolveStandard(raw, fp, ctx, language);
 }
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ESM extension helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+/** JS-family extensions that TypeScript ESM maps to TS equivalents. */
+const JS_EXTENSION_PATTERN = /\.(js|jsx|mjs|cjs)$/;
+
+/**
+ * Strip a JS-family extension from a path, returning the stem.
+ * Returns `null` if the path does not end with a JS-family extension.
+ */
+export function stripJsExtension(path: string): string | null {
+  const match = JS_EXTENSION_PATTERN.exec(path);
+  return match ? path.slice(0, -match[0].length) : null;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/utils.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/utils.ts
index 8d915eb7f..c4d36556c 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/utils.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/utils.ts
@@ -9,8 +9,12 @@ export const EXTENSIONS = [
   // TypeScript/JavaScript
   '.tsx',
   '.ts',
+  '.mts',
+  '.cts',
   '.jsx',
   '.js',
+  '.mjs',
+  '.cjs',
   '.vue',
   '/index.tsx',
   '/index.ts',
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java.ts
index 96139ccda..c70eacb10 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,17 @@ import { javaMethodConfig } from '../method-extractors/configs/jvm.js';
 import { createVariableExtractor } from '../variable-extractors/generic.js';
 import { javaVariableConfig } from '../variable-extractors/configs/jvm.js';
 import { createHeritageExtractor } from '../heritage-extractors/generic.js';
+import {
+  emitJavaScopeCaptures,
+  interpretJavaImport,
+  interpretJavaTypeBinding,
+  javaBindingScopeFor,
+  javaImportOwningScope,
+  javaMergeBindings,
+  javaReceiverBinding,
+  javaArityCompatibility,
+  resolveJavaImportTarget,
+} from './java/index.js';
 
 export const javaProvider = defineLanguage({
   id: SupportedLanguages.Java,
@@ -65,4 +76,15 @@ export const javaProvider = defineLanguage({
   variableExtractor: createVariableExtractor(javaVariableConfig),
   classExtractor: createClassExtractor(javaClassConfig),
   heritageExtractor: createHeritageExtractor(SupportedLanguages.Java),
+
+  // ── RFC #909 Ring 3: scope-based resolution hooks ──
+  emitScopeCaptures: emitJavaScopeCaptures,
+  interpretImport: interpretJavaImport,
+  interpretTypeBinding: interpretJavaTypeBinding,
+  bindingScopeFor: javaBindingScopeFor,
+  importOwningScope: javaImportOwningScope,
+  mergeBindings: (_scope, bindings) => javaMergeBindings(bindings),
+  receiverBinding: javaReceiverBinding,
+  arityCompatibility: javaArityCompatibility,
+  resolveImportTarget: resolveJavaImportTarget,
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/arity-metadata.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/arity-metadata.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47cccbff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/arity-metadata.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * Extract Java arity metadata from a method-like tree-sitter node —
+ * `method_declaration` or `constructor_declaration`.
+ *
+ * Reuses `javaMethodConfig.extractParameters` so scope-extracted defs
+ * carry the same arity semantics as the legacy parse-worker path:
+ *   - varargs (`...`) collapses `parameterCount` to `undefined`
+ *   - `parameterTypes` collects declared type names; a literal
+ *     `'varargs'` marker is appended for variadic methods so
+ *     `javaArityCompatibility` can detect them.
+ */
+
+import type { SyntaxNode } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import { javaMethodConfig } from '../../method-extractors/configs/jvm.js';
+
+export interface JavaArityMetadata {
+  readonly parameterCount: number | undefined;
+  readonly requiredParameterCount: number | undefined;
+  readonly parameterTypes: readonly string[] | undefined;
+}
+
+export function computeJavaArityMetadata(fnNode: SyntaxNode): JavaArityMetadata {
+  const params = javaMethodConfig.extractParameters?.(fnNode) ?? [];
+
+  let hasVariadic = false;
+  const types: string[] = [];
+  for (const p of params) {
+    if (p.isVariadic) hasVariadic = true;
+    if (p.type !== null) types.push(p.type);
+  }
+  if (hasVariadic) types.push('varargs');
+
+  const total = params.length;
+  // For varargs methods, `parameterCount` (max) is unknown — any number of
+  // trailing arguments is valid.  But the fixed-prefix parameters (everything
+  // before the variadic `...` param) are still required, so we preserve that
+  // count in `requiredParameterCount` so `javaArityCompatibility` can reject
+  // calls that undersupply the fixed prefix (e.g. `f(int x, String... args)`
+  // called with 0 args).
+  const fixedCount = params.filter((p) => !p.isVariadic).length;
+  const parameterCount = hasVariadic ? undefined : total;
+  const requiredParameterCount = hasVariadic ? fixedCount : total;
+
+  return {
+    parameterCount,
+    requiredParameterCount,
+    parameterTypes: types.length > 0 ? types : undefined,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/arity.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/arity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f98a8209d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/arity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * Java arity check, accommodating varargs (`...`).
+ *
+ * Verdicts:
+ *   - `'compatible'`   — argCount matches parameterCount, OR varargs present.
+ *   - `'incompatible'` — argCount mismatches with no varargs.
+ *   - `'unknown'`      — metadata absent / incomplete.
+ */
+
+import type { Callsite, SymbolDefinition } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+export function javaArityCompatibility(
+  def: SymbolDefinition,
+  callsite: Callsite,
+): 'compatible' | 'unknown' | 'incompatible' {
+  const max = def.parameterCount;
+  const min = def.requiredParameterCount;
+  if (max === undefined && min === undefined) return 'unknown';
+
+  const argCount = callsite.arity;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(argCount) || argCount < 0) return 'unknown';
+
+  const hasVarArgs =
+    def.parameterTypes !== undefined &&
+    def.parameterTypes.some((t) => t === 'varargs' || t.includes('...'));
+
+  if (min !== undefined && argCount < min) return 'incompatible';
+  if (max !== undefined && argCount > max && !hasVarArgs) return 'incompatible';
+
+  return 'compatible';
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/cache-stats.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/cache-stats.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4c58f11f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/cache-stats.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * Dev-mode counters for the cross-phase scope-captures parse cache
+ * (Java mirror of `languages/csharp/cache-stats.ts`).
+ *
+ * Gated by `PROF_SCOPE_RESOLUTION=1`. Production builds fold every
+ * increment into dead code via the module-level `PROF` constant, so
+ * the hot path in `captures.ts` stays branch-free.
+ */
+
+const PROF = process.env.PROF_SCOPE_RESOLUTION === '1';
+
+let CACHE_HITS = 0;
+let CACHE_MISSES = 0;
+
+export function recordCacheHit(): void {
+  if (PROF) CACHE_HITS++;
+}
+
+export function recordCacheMiss(): void {
+  if (PROF) CACHE_MISSES++;
+}
+
+export function getJavaCaptureCacheStats(): { hits: number; misses: number } {
+  return { hits: CACHE_HITS, misses: CACHE_MISSES };
+}
+
+export function resetJavaCaptureCacheStats(): void {
+  CACHE_HITS = 0;
+  CACHE_MISSES = 0;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/captures.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/captures.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73ea605fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/captures.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+/**
+ * `emitScopeCaptures` for Java.
+ *
+ * Drives the Java scope query against tree-sitter-java and groups raw
+ * matches into `CaptureMatch[]` for the central extractor. Layers:
+ *
+ *   1. **Decomposed import declarations** — each `import_declaration`
+ *      is re-emitted with `@import.kind/source/name` markers.
+ *   2. **Receiver binding synthesis** — `this`/`super` type-bindings
+ *      on instance methods.
+ *   3. **Arity metadata** on method/constructor declarations.
+ *   4. **Reference arity** on call sites.
+ *
+ * Pure given the input source text. No I/O, no globals consulted.
+ */
+
+import type { Capture, CaptureMatch } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { findNodeAtRange, nodeToCapture, syntheticCapture } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import { splitImportDeclaration } from './import-decomposer.js';
+import { computeJavaArityMetadata } from './arity-metadata.js';
+import { synthesizeJavaReceiverBinding } from './receiver-binding.js';
+import { getJavaParser, getJavaScopeQuery } from './query.js';
+import { recordCacheHit, recordCacheMiss } from './cache-stats.js';
+import { getTreeSitterBufferSize } from '../../constants.js';
+import { parseSourceSafe } from '../../../tree-sitter/safe-parse.js';
+
+/** Declaration anchors that carry function-like arity metadata. */
+const FUNCTION_DECL_TAGS = ['@declaration.method', '@declaration.constructor'] as const;
+
+/** tree-sitter-java node types that the method extractor accepts. */
+const FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES = ['method_declaration', 'constructor_declaration'] as const;
+
+/** Suppress read.member emissions when the field_access is already
+ *  covered by a method_invocation (object of a call) or an
+ *  assignment_expression (write target). */
+function shouldEmitReadMember(memberNode: SyntaxNode): boolean {
+  const parent = memberNode.parent;
+  if (parent === null) return true;
+
+  switch (parent.type) {
+    case 'method_invocation':
+      // Don't emit read.member when the field_access is the object of a method_invocation
+      // (the method call already handles this relationship)
+      return parent.childForFieldName('object')?.id !== memberNode.id;
+    case 'assignment_expression':
+      return parent.childForFieldName('left')?.id !== memberNode.id;
+    default:
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+export function emitJavaScopeCaptures(
+  sourceText: string,
+  _filePath: string,
+  cachedTree?: unknown,
+): readonly CaptureMatch[] {
+  let tree = cachedTree as ReturnType<ReturnType<typeof getJavaParser>['parse']> | undefined;
+  if (tree === undefined) {
+    tree = parseSourceSafe(getJavaParser(), sourceText, undefined, {
+      bufferSize: getTreeSitterBufferSize(sourceText),
+    });
+    recordCacheMiss();
+  } else {
+    recordCacheHit();
+  }
+
+  const rawMatches = getJavaScopeQuery().matches(tree.rootNode);
+  const out: CaptureMatch[] = [];
+
+  for (const m of rawMatches) {
+    const grouped: Record<string, Capture> = {};
+    for (const c of m.captures) {
+      const tag = '@' + c.name;
+      grouped[tag] = nodeToCapture(tag, c.node);
+    }
+    if (Object.keys(grouped).length === 0) continue;
+
+    // Decompose each `import_declaration`.
+    if (grouped['@import.statement'] !== undefined) {
+      const stmtCapture = grouped['@import.statement'];
+      const stmtNode = findNodeAtRange(tree.rootNode, stmtCapture.range, 'import_declaration');
+      if (stmtNode !== null) {
+        const decomposed = splitImportDeclaration(stmtNode);
+        if (decomposed !== null) {
+          out.push(decomposed);
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      out.push(grouped);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Skip free-call matches that are actually member calls. The query
+    // matches ALL method_invocations as @reference.call.free (without
+    // negation) because tree-sitter-java's query engine drops !object
+    // patterns when a positive object: pattern exists for the same node
+    // type. Filter here: if the match has @reference.call.free but also
+    // has @reference.receiver, it's a member call — skip the free match
+    // (the separate @reference.call.member match covers it).
+    if (
+      grouped['@reference.call.free'] !== undefined &&
+      grouped['@reference.receiver'] !== undefined
+    ) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Filter read.member when it's a child of method_invocation or assignment.
+    if (grouped['@reference.read.member'] !== undefined) {
+      const anchor = grouped['@reference.read.member'];
+      const memberNode = findNodeAtRange(tree.rootNode, anchor.range, 'field_access');
+      if (memberNode === null || !shouldEmitReadMember(memberNode)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Synthesize `this` / `super` receiver type-bindings on every
+    // instance method-like.
+    if (grouped['@scope.function'] !== undefined) {
+      out.push(grouped);
+      const anchor = grouped['@scope.function']!;
+      const fnNode = findFunctionNode(tree.rootNode, anchor.range);
+      if (fnNode !== null) {
+        for (const synth of synthesizeJavaReceiverBinding(fnNode)) {
+          out.push(synth);
+        }
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Synthesize arity metadata on function-like declarations.
+    const declTag = FUNCTION_DECL_TAGS.find((t) => grouped[t] !== undefined);
+    if (declTag !== undefined) {
+      const anchor = grouped[declTag]!;
+      const fnNode = findFunctionNode(tree.rootNode, anchor.range);
+      if (fnNode !== null) {
+        const arity = computeJavaArityMetadata(fnNode);
+        if (arity.parameterCount !== undefined) {
+          grouped['@declaration.parameter-count'] = syntheticCapture(
+            '@declaration.parameter-count',
+            fnNode,
+            String(arity.parameterCount),
+          );
+        }
+        if (arity.requiredParameterCount !== undefined) {
+          grouped['@declaration.required-parameter-count'] = syntheticCapture(
+            '@declaration.required-parameter-count',
+            fnNode,
+            String(arity.requiredParameterCount),
+          );
+        }
+        if (arity.parameterTypes !== undefined) {
+          grouped['@declaration.parameter-types'] = syntheticCapture(
+            '@declaration.parameter-types',
+            fnNode,
+            JSON.stringify(arity.parameterTypes),
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Synthesize `@reference.arity` on every callsite.
+    const callTag = (
+      ['@reference.call.free', '@reference.call.member', '@reference.call.constructor'] as const
+    ).find((t) => grouped[t] !== undefined);
+    if (callTag !== undefined && grouped['@reference.arity'] === undefined) {
+      const anchor = grouped[callTag]!;
+      const callNode =
+        findNodeAtRange(tree.rootNode, anchor.range, 'method_invocation') ??
+        findNodeAtRange(tree.rootNode, anchor.range, 'object_creation_expression');
+      if (callNode !== null) {
+        const argList = callNode.childForFieldName('arguments');
+        const args =
+          argList === null
+            ? []
+            : argList.namedChildren.filter((c) => c !== null && c.type !== 'comment');
+        grouped['@reference.arity'] = syntheticCapture(
+          '@reference.arity',
+          callNode,
+          String(args.length),
+        );
+
+        const argTypes = args.map((arg) => inferArgType(arg!));
+        grouped['@reference.parameter-types'] = syntheticCapture(
+          '@reference.parameter-types',
+          callNode,
+          JSON.stringify(argTypes),
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    out.push(grouped);
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+type SyntaxNode = ReturnType<ReturnType<typeof getJavaParser>['parse']>['rootNode'];
+
+/** Infer a Java argument's static type from literal patterns. */
+function inferArgType(argNode: SyntaxNode): string {
+  switch (argNode.type) {
+    case 'decimal_integer_literal':
+    case 'hex_integer_literal':
+    case 'octal_integer_literal':
+    case 'binary_integer_literal':
+      return 'int';
+    case 'decimal_floating_point_literal':
+    case 'hex_floating_point_literal':
+      return 'double';
+    case 'string_literal':
+      return 'String';
+    case 'character_literal':
+      return 'char';
+    case 'true':
+    case 'false':
+      return 'boolean';
+    case 'null_literal':
+      return 'null';
+    case 'object_creation_expression': {
+      const typeNode = argNode.childForFieldName('type');
+      return typeNode?.text ?? '';
+    }
+    default:
+      return '';
+  }
+}
+
+/** Find the first Java function-like node at the given range. */
+function findFunctionNode(rootNode: SyntaxNode, range: Capture['range']): SyntaxNode | null {
+  for (const nodeType of FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES) {
+    const n = findNodeAtRange(rootNode, range, nodeType);
+    if (n !== null) return n as SyntaxNode;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/import-decomposer.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/import-decomposer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59c74d144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/import-decomposer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * Decompose a Java `import_declaration` into a `CaptureMatch` carrying
+ * the synthesized markers `@import.kind` / `@import.source` /
+ * `@import.name` that `interpretJavaImport` consumes.
+ *
+ * Unlike C#'s using-directive decomposer, Java has four import forms:
+ *
+ *   import com.example.User;                     → named
+ *   import com.example.*;                         → wildcard
+ *   import static com.example.Utils.format;       → static
+ *   import static com.example.Utils.*;             → static-wildcard
+ *
+ * Each produces exactly one import. The decomposer inspects the raw
+ * source text and tree-sitter children to determine the flavor.
+ */
+
+import type { Capture, CaptureMatch } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { nodeToCapture, syntheticCapture, type SyntaxNode } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+
+type ImportKind = 'named' | 'wildcard' | 'static' | 'static-wildcard';
+
+interface ImportSpec {
+  readonly kind: ImportKind;
+  /** Full dotted path: `com.example.User`. */
+  readonly source: string;
+  /** Local binding name — last path segment for named/static,
+   *  `'*'` for wildcard/static-wildcard. */
+  readonly name: string;
+  /** Node to anchor the synthesized captures (range-wise). */
+  readonly atNode: SyntaxNode;
+}
+
+export function splitImportDeclaration(stmtNode: SyntaxNode): CaptureMatch | null {
+  if (stmtNode.type !== 'import_declaration') return null;
+  const spec = parseImportDeclaration(stmtNode);
+  if (spec === null) return null;
+  return buildImportMatch(stmtNode, spec);
+}
+
+function parseImportDeclaration(node: SyntaxNode): ImportSpec | null {
+  // Detect `static` by checking for an anonymous `static` token child.
+  let isStatic = false;
+  for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
+    const child = node.child(i);
+    if (child !== null && child.type === 'static') {
+      isStatic = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Detect wildcard by checking for `asterisk` named child.
+  let isWildcard = false;
+  for (let i = 0; i < node.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = node.namedChild(i);
+    if (child !== null && child.type === 'asterisk') {
+      isWildcard = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Find the scoped_identifier (or identifier for single-segment imports).
+  let pathNode: SyntaxNode | null = null;
+  for (let i = 0; i < node.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = node.namedChild(i);
+    if (child !== null && (child.type === 'scoped_identifier' || child.type === 'identifier')) {
+      pathNode = child;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (pathNode === null) return null;
+
+  const fullPath = pathNode.text;
+  if (fullPath === '') return null;
+
+  if (isStatic && isWildcard) {
+    // `import static com.example.Utils.*;`
+    return { kind: 'static-wildcard', source: fullPath, name: '*', atNode: node };
+  }
+  if (isStatic) {
+    // `import static com.example.Utils.format;`
+    const lastDot = fullPath.lastIndexOf('.');
+    const name = lastDot >= 0 ? fullPath.slice(lastDot + 1) : fullPath;
+    return { kind: 'static', source: fullPath, name, atNode: node };
+  }
+  if (isWildcard) {
+    // `import com.example.*;`
+    return { kind: 'wildcard', source: fullPath, name: '*', atNode: node };
+  }
+
+  // `import com.example.User;`
+  const lastDot = fullPath.lastIndexOf('.');
+  const name = lastDot >= 0 ? fullPath.slice(lastDot + 1) : fullPath;
+  return { kind: 'named', source: fullPath, name, atNode: node };
+}
+
+function buildImportMatch(stmtNode: SyntaxNode, spec: ImportSpec): CaptureMatch {
+  const m: Record<string, Capture> = {
+    '@import.statement': nodeToCapture('@import.statement', stmtNode),
+    '@import.kind': syntheticCapture('@import.kind', spec.atNode, spec.kind),
+    '@import.source': syntheticCapture('@import.source', spec.atNode, spec.source),
+    '@import.name': syntheticCapture('@import.name', spec.atNode, spec.name),
+  };
+  return m;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/import-target.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/import-target.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b78b6369b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/import-target.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/**
+ * Adapter from `(ParsedImport, WorkspaceIndex)` → concrete file path.
+ *
+ * Converts Java package paths (dots → slashes) and tries:
+ *   1. Exact file match: `com/example/User.java`
+ *   2. Suffix match for nested layouts
+ *   3. Directory match (wildcard imports)
+ *   4. Progressive prefix stripping for non-standard layouts
+ *
+ * Returns `null` for unresolvable / JDK imports.
+ */
+
+import type { ParsedImport, WorkspaceIndex } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+export interface JavaResolveContext {
+  readonly fromFile: string;
+  readonly allFilePaths: ReadonlySet<string>;
+}
+
+export function resolveJavaImportTarget(
+  parsedImport: ParsedImport,
+  workspaceIndex: WorkspaceIndex,
+): string | null {
+  const ctx = workspaceIndex as JavaResolveContext | undefined;
+  if (
+    ctx === undefined ||
+    typeof (ctx as { fromFile?: unknown }).fromFile !== 'string' ||
+    !((ctx as { allFilePaths?: unknown }).allFilePaths instanceof Set)
+  ) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (parsedImport.kind === 'dynamic-unresolved') return null;
+  if (parsedImport.targetRaw === null || parsedImport.targetRaw === '') return null;
+
+  // Strip trailing `.*` for wildcard imports: `com.example.*` → `com.example`
+  let target = parsedImport.targetRaw;
+  if (target.endsWith('.*')) {
+    target = target.slice(0, -2);
+  }
+
+  // Package path: `com.example.User` → `com/example/User`
+  const pathLike = target.replace(/\./g, '/');
+  const suffix = `/${pathLike}`;
+
+  let exactFile: string | null = null;
+  let suffixFile: string | null = null;
+  let directoryChild: string | null = null;
+  const dirPrefix = `${pathLike}/`;
+  const suffixDirPrefix = `/${dirPrefix}`;
+
+  for (const raw of ctx.allFilePaths) {
+    const f = raw.replace(/\\/g, '/');
+    if (!f.endsWith('.java')) continue;
+    if (f === `${pathLike}.java`) {
+      exactFile = raw;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (suffixFile === null && f.endsWith(`${suffix}.java`)) {
+      suffixFile = raw;
+    }
+    if (directoryChild === null) {
+      const atRoot = f.startsWith(dirPrefix);
+      const atNested = f.includes(suffixDirPrefix);
+      if (atRoot || atNested) {
+        const idx = atRoot ? 0 : f.indexOf(suffixDirPrefix) + 1;
+        const after = f.slice(idx + dirPrefix.length);
+        if (after.length > 0 && !after.includes('/')) {
+          directoryChild = raw;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (exactFile !== null) return exactFile;
+  if (suffixFile !== null) return suffixFile;
+  if (directoryChild !== null) return directoryChild;
+
+  // Progressive prefix stripping — handles `import com.example.User;`
+  // in a repo laid out `User.java` (no `com/example/` prefix).
+  const segments = pathLike.split('/').filter(Boolean);
+  for (let skip = 1; skip < segments.length; skip++) {
+    const tail = segments.slice(skip).join('/');
+    if (tail === '') continue;
+    const tailFile = `${tail}.java`;
+    const tailSuffix = `/${tailFile}`;
+    const tailDir = `${tail}/`;
+    const tailSuffixDir = `/${tailDir}`;
+    let tailDirectChild: string | null = null;
+    for (const raw of ctx.allFilePaths) {
+      const f = raw.replace(/\\/g, '/');
+      if (!f.endsWith('.java')) continue;
+      if (f === tailFile) return raw;
+      if (f.endsWith(tailSuffix)) return raw;
+      if (tailDirectChild === null) {
+        const atRoot = f.startsWith(tailDir);
+        const atNested = f.includes(tailSuffixDir);
+        if (atRoot || atNested) {
+          const idx = atRoot ? 0 : f.indexOf(tailSuffixDir) + 1;
+          const after = f.slice(idx + tailDir.length);
+          if (after.length > 0 && !after.includes('/')) tailDirectChild = raw;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (tailDirectChild !== null) return tailDirectChild;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/index.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..443faac4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * Java scope-resolution hooks (RFC #909 Ring 3).
+ *
+ * Public API barrel. Consumers should import from this file rather than
+ * the individual modules.
+ *
+ * Module layout:
+ *
+ *   - `query.ts`               — tree-sitter query + lazy parser/query singletons
+ *   - `captures.ts`            — `emitJavaScopeCaptures` orchestrator
+ *   - `import-decomposer.ts`   — each `import` → ParsedImport-shaped captures
+ *   - `interpret.ts`           — capture-match → `ParsedImport` / `ParsedTypeBinding`
+ *   - `simple-hooks.ts`        — small hooks made explicit
+ *   - `receiver-binding.ts`    — synthesize `this`/`super` type-bindings on
+ *                                instance-method entry
+ *   - `merge-bindings.ts`      — Java import precedence
+ *   - `arity.ts`               — Java arity compatibility (varargs)
+ *   - `arity-metadata.ts`      — synthesize arity metadata from declarations
+ *   - `import-target.ts`       — `(ParsedImport, WorkspaceIndex) → file path` adapter
+ *   - `scope-resolver.ts`      — `ScopeResolver` registered in `SCOPE_RESOLVERS`
+ *   - `cache-stats.ts`         — PROF_SCOPE_RESOLUTION cache hit/miss counters
+ */
+
+export { emitJavaScopeCaptures } from './captures.js';
+export { getJavaCaptureCacheStats, resetJavaCaptureCacheStats } from './cache-stats.js';
+export { interpretJavaImport, interpretJavaTypeBinding } from './interpret.js';
+export { javaMergeBindings } from './merge-bindings.js';
+export { javaArityCompatibility } from './arity.js';
+export { resolveJavaImportTarget, type JavaResolveContext } from './import-target.js';
+export { javaBindingScopeFor, javaImportOwningScope, javaReceiverBinding } from './simple-hooks.js';
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/interpret.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/interpret.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c207d451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/interpret.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/**
+ * Capture-match → semantic-shape interpreters for Java.
+ *
+ *   - `interpretJavaImport`       → `ParsedImport`
+ *   - `interpretJavaTypeBinding`  → `ParsedTypeBinding`
+ *
+ * Import matches arrive pre-decomposed by `emitJavaScopeCaptures`
+ * (one import per match, with synthesized `@import.kind/source/name`
+ * markers). Type-binding matches arrive from the raw query captures.
+ */
+
+import type { CaptureMatch, ParsedImport, ParsedTypeBinding, TypeRef } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+// ─── interpretImport ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export function interpretJavaImport(captures: CaptureMatch): ParsedImport | null {
+  const kindCap = captures['@import.kind'];
+  const sourceCap = captures['@import.source'];
+  const nameCap = captures['@import.name'];
+
+  const kind = kindCap?.text;
+  if (kind === undefined || sourceCap === undefined) return null;
+
+  switch (kind) {
+    case 'named': {
+      // `import com.example.User;`
+      return {
+        kind: 'named',
+        localName: nameCap?.text ?? sourceCap.text.split('.').pop() ?? sourceCap.text,
+        importedName: sourceCap.text,
+        targetRaw: sourceCap.text,
+      };
+    }
+    case 'wildcard': {
+      // `import com.example.*;`
+      return {
+        kind: 'wildcard',
+        targetRaw: sourceCap.text + '.*',
+      };
+    }
+    case 'static': {
+      // `import static com.example.Utils.format;`
+      // The source contains the full path including the member name
+      // (e.g. `com.example.Utils.format`).  For file resolution we need
+      // the class path (`com.example.Utils`), so strip the final member
+      // segment.  The local binding name is the member itself.
+      const fullSource = sourceCap.text;
+      const lastDot = fullSource.lastIndexOf('.');
+      const classPath = lastDot >= 0 ? fullSource.slice(0, lastDot) : fullSource;
+      return {
+        kind: 'named',
+        localName: nameCap?.text ?? (lastDot >= 0 ? fullSource.slice(lastDot + 1) : fullSource),
+        importedName: fullSource,
+        targetRaw: classPath,
+      };
+    }
+    case 'static-wildcard': {
+      // `import static com.example.Utils.*;`
+      // The source is the class path (e.g. `com.example.Utils`).
+      // Resolution should target the class file, not a wildcard directory
+      // scan — `Utils.java` is the file that contains the static members.
+      return {
+        kind: 'wildcard',
+        targetRaw: sourceCap.text + '.*',
+      };
+    }
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── interpretTypeBinding ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export function interpretJavaTypeBinding(captures: CaptureMatch): ParsedTypeBinding | null {
+  const nameCap = captures['@type-binding.name'];
+  const typeCap = captures['@type-binding.type'];
+  if (nameCap === undefined || typeCap === undefined) return null;
+
+  // Strip qualifier first so that `com.example.BaseModel<T>` becomes
+  // `BaseModel<T>` before stripGeneric — the JVM-erasure fallback pattern
+  // requires an unqualified identifier at the start of the string.
+  const rawType = stripGeneric(stripQualifier(typeCap.text.trim()));
+
+  // Skip `var` — tree-sitter-java parses `var` as type_identifier with
+  // text "var". When used without a constructor initializer, there's no
+  // concrete type to bind.
+  if (rawType === 'var') return null;
+
+  let source: TypeRef['source'] = 'parameter-annotation';
+  if (captures['@type-binding.self'] !== undefined) source = 'self';
+  else if (captures['@type-binding.constructor'] !== undefined) source = 'constructor-inferred';
+  else if (captures['@type-binding.annotation'] !== undefined) source = 'annotation';
+  else if (captures['@type-binding.return'] !== undefined) source = 'return-annotation';
+
+  return { boundName: nameCap.text, rawTypeName: rawType, source };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unwrap generic type parameters from Java types.
+ *
+ * Three tiers, checked in order:
+ *   1. Known single-arg collection wrappers → extract the element type
+ *      (`List<User>` → `User`, `Optional<User>` → `User`).
+ *   2. Known two-arg map/container types → extract the value type
+ *      (`Map<String, User>` → `User`).
+ *   3. **Fallback (JVM type erasure):** any other generic type →
+ *      strip the generic parameters and keep the raw class name
+ *      (`BaseModel<T>` → `BaseModel`, `CustomList<Foo>` → `CustomList`).
+ *      This ensures receiver bindings (`this`/`super`) on classes with
+ *      generic superclasses resolve to the correct class file.
+ */
+function stripGeneric(text: string): string {
+  // Single-type-argument containers — extract the element type.
+  const single = text.match(
+    /^(?:[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.]*\.)?(?:List|ArrayList|LinkedList|Set|HashSet|TreeSet|SortedSet|LinkedHashSet|Collection|Iterable|Iterator|Optional|Stream|CompletableFuture|Future|Queue|Deque|ArrayDeque|PriorityQueue|Vector|Stack|Supplier|Consumer|Predicate|Function)<([^,<>]+)>$/,
+  );
+  if (single !== null) return single[1].trim();
+
+  // Two-type-argument map/container types — extract the value type (second arg).
+  const twoArg = text.match(
+    /^(?:[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.]*\.)?(?:Map|HashMap|TreeMap|LinkedHashMap|ConcurrentHashMap|ConcurrentMap|SortedMap|NavigableMap|Hashtable|EnumMap|WeakHashMap|IdentityHashMap|BiFunction|BiConsumer|BiPredicate|Pair|Entry)<[^,<>]+,\s*([^,<>]+)>$/,
+  );
+  if (twoArg !== null) return twoArg[1].trim();
+
+  // Fallback: strip generic parameters from any unrecognized generic type.
+  // `BaseModel<T>` → `BaseModel`, `Builder<Self>` → `Builder`.
+  // This mirrors JVM type erasure — the raw class name is the resolvable symbol.
+  // The pattern matches up to the first `<` to handle nested generics safely
+  // (e.g. `BaseModel<List<String>>` → `BaseModel`).
+  const fallback = text.match(/^([A-Za-z_$][A-Za-z0-9_$]*)<.+>$/s);
+  if (fallback !== null) return fallback[1].trim();
+
+  return text;
+}
+
+/** `com.example.User` → `User`. */
+function stripQualifier(text: string): string {
+  const lastDot = text.lastIndexOf('.');
+  if (lastDot === -1) return text;
+  return text.slice(lastDot + 1);
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/merge-bindings.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/merge-bindings.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9056705d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/merge-bindings.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * Java shadowing precedence for the `mergeBindings` hook.
+ *
+ * Tier ranking (lower wins):
+ *   - 0: `local` — class member, method, local variable, parameter
+ *   - 1: `import` / `namespace` / `reexport` — explicit imports
+ *   - 2: `wildcard` — wildcard imports (`import x.y.*`)
+ *
+ * Within a surviving tier: de-dup by DefId, last-write-wins.
+ */
+
+import type { BindingRef } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+const TIER_LOCAL = 0;
+const TIER_IMPORT = 1;
+const TIER_WILDCARD = 2;
+const TIER_UNKNOWN = 3;
+
+function tierOf(b: BindingRef): number {
+  switch (b.origin) {
+    case 'local':
+      return TIER_LOCAL;
+    case 'reexport':
+    case 'import':
+    case 'namespace':
+      return TIER_IMPORT;
+    case 'wildcard':
+      return TIER_WILDCARD;
+    default:
+      return TIER_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+}
+
+export function javaMergeBindings(bindings: readonly BindingRef[]): readonly BindingRef[] {
+  if (bindings.length === 0) return bindings;
+
+  let bestTier = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+  for (const b of bindings) bestTier = Math.min(bestTier, tierOf(b));
+  const survivors = bindings.filter((b) => tierOf(b) === bestTier);
+
+  const seen = new Map<string, BindingRef>();
+  for (const b of survivors) seen.set(b.def.nodeId, b);
+  return [...seen.values()];
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/query.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/query.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fabbb7bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/query.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/**
+ * Tree-sitter query for Java scope captures (RFC §5.1).
+ *
+ * Captures the structural skeleton the generic scope-resolution
+ * pipeline consumes: scopes (module/class/function), declarations
+ * (class-likes, method-likes, fields, variables), imports (import
+ * declarations), type bindings (parameter annotations, variable
+ * annotations, constructor inference), and references (call sites,
+ * member writes/reads).
+ *
+ * Java specifics that shape this query:
+ *
+ *   - Java uses `program` as the root node (not `compilation_unit`).
+ *   - `import_declaration` nodes carry `scoped_identifier` children
+ *     and optional `asterisk` for wildcard imports.
+ *   - `static` imports are detected by an anonymous `static` token
+ *     child within `import_declaration`.
+ *   - `var` (Java 10+ local variable type inference) parses as a
+ *     `type_identifier` with text `"var"`, not a dedicated node type.
+ *   - Modifiers (`public`, `static`, etc.) are grouped under a
+ *     `modifiers` named child with anonymous keyword tokens.
+ *   - Superclass inheritance uses a `superclass:` field containing
+ *     a `superclass` node wrapping a `type_identifier`.
+ *
+ * Exposes lazy `Parser` and `Query` singletons so callers don't pay
+ * tree-sitter init cost per file.
+ */
+
+import Parser from 'tree-sitter';
+import Java from 'tree-sitter-java';
+
+const JAVA_SCOPE_QUERY = `
+;; Scopes
+(program) @scope.module
+
+(class_declaration) @scope.class
+(interface_declaration) @scope.class
+(enum_declaration) @scope.class
+(record_declaration) @scope.class
+(annotation_type_declaration) @scope.class
+
+(method_declaration) @scope.function
+(constructor_declaration) @scope.function
+
+;; Declarations — types
+(class_declaration
+  name: (identifier) @declaration.name) @declaration.class
+
+(interface_declaration
+  name: (identifier) @declaration.name) @declaration.interface
+
+(enum_declaration
+  name: (identifier) @declaration.name) @declaration.enum
+
+(record_declaration
+  name: (identifier) @declaration.name) @declaration.record
+
+(annotation_type_declaration
+  name: (identifier) @declaration.name) @declaration.class
+
+;; Declarations — methods / constructors
+(method_declaration
+  name: (identifier) @declaration.name) @declaration.method
+
+(constructor_declaration
+  name: (identifier) @declaration.name) @declaration.constructor
+
+;; Declarations — fields
+(field_declaration
+  declarator: (variable_declarator
+    name: (identifier) @declaration.name)) @declaration.variable
+
+;; Declarations — local variables
+(local_variable_declaration
+  declarator: (variable_declarator
+    name: (identifier) @declaration.name)) @declaration.variable
+
+;; Imports — single anchor per import_declaration
+(import_declaration) @import.statement
+
+;; Type bindings — parameter annotations: void f(User u)
+(formal_parameter
+  type: (type_identifier) @type-binding.type
+  name: (identifier) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.parameter
+
+(formal_parameter
+  type: (generic_type) @type-binding.type
+  name: (identifier) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.parameter
+
+(formal_parameter
+  type: (scoped_type_identifier) @type-binding.type
+  name: (identifier) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.parameter
+
+;; Type bindings — local variable annotations: User u = new User();
+(local_variable_declaration
+  type: (type_identifier) @type-binding.type
+  declarator: (variable_declarator
+    name: (identifier) @type-binding.name)) @type-binding.annotation
+
+(local_variable_declaration
+  type: (generic_type) @type-binding.type
+  declarator: (variable_declarator
+    name: (identifier) @type-binding.name)) @type-binding.annotation
+
+;; Type bindings — var u = new User(); (Java 10+ local variable type inference)
+;; tree-sitter-java parses \`var\` as a \`type_identifier\` with text "var".
+;; The type-binding.constructor anchor fires when the rhs is an
+;; object_creation_expression so interpretJavaTypeBinding can infer
+;; the concrete type from the constructor call.
+(local_variable_declaration
+  type: (type_identifier) @_var_type
+  declarator: (variable_declarator
+    name: (identifier) @type-binding.name
+    value: (object_creation_expression
+      type: (type_identifier) @type-binding.type))) @type-binding.constructor
+
+;; Type bindings — field declarations: private User user;
+(field_declaration
+  type: (type_identifier) @type-binding.type
+  declarator: (variable_declarator
+    name: (identifier) @type-binding.name)) @type-binding.annotation
+
+(field_declaration
+  type: (generic_type) @type-binding.type
+  declarator: (variable_declarator
+    name: (identifier) @type-binding.name)) @type-binding.annotation
+
+;; Type bindings — method return type: public User getUser() { }
+(method_declaration
+  type: (type_identifier) @type-binding.type
+  name: (identifier) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.return
+
+(method_declaration
+  type: (generic_type) @type-binding.type
+  name: (identifier) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.return
+
+;; Type bindings — enhanced for: for (User u : list)
+(enhanced_for_statement
+  type: (type_identifier) @type-binding.type
+  name: (identifier) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.annotation
+
+(enhanced_for_statement
+  type: (generic_type) @type-binding.type
+  name: (identifier) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.annotation
+
+;; References — all method calls: foo() and obj.method()
+;; tree-sitter-java's query engine drops negation-based \`!object\`
+;; patterns when a positive \`object:\` pattern exists for the same
+;; node type, so we match all calls here and classify free vs
+;; member in captures.ts based on the presence of @reference.receiver.
+(method_invocation
+  object: (_) @reference.receiver
+  name: (identifier) @reference.name) @reference.call.member
+
+(method_invocation
+  name: (identifier) @reference.name) @reference.call.free
+
+;; References — constructor calls: new User(...)
+(object_creation_expression
+  type: (type_identifier) @reference.name) @reference.call.constructor
+
+(object_creation_expression
+  type: (generic_type
+    (type_identifier) @reference.name)) @reference.call.constructor
+
+(object_creation_expression
+  type: (scoped_type_identifier) @reference.call.constructor.qualified) @reference.call.constructor
+
+;; References — field/property writes: obj.name = "x"
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (field_access
+    object: (_) @reference.receiver
+    field: (identifier) @reference.name)) @reference.write.member
+
+;; References — field/property reads: obj.name
+(field_access
+  object: (_) @reference.receiver
+  field: (identifier) @reference.name) @reference.read.member
+`;
+
+let _parser: Parser | null = null;
+let _query: Parser.Query | null = null;
+
+export function getJavaParser(): Parser {
+  if (_parser === null) {
+    _parser = new Parser();
+    _parser.setLanguage(Java as Parameters<Parser['setLanguage']>[0]);
+  }
+  return _parser;
+}
+
+export function getJavaScopeQuery(): Parser.Query {
+  if (_query === null) {
+    _query = new Parser.Query(Java as Parameters<Parser['setLanguage']>[0], JAVA_SCOPE_QUERY);
+  }
+  return _query;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/receiver-binding.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/receiver-binding.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d6d60ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/receiver-binding.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesize `@type-binding.self` captures for Java instance methods —
+ * one for `this` (always on non-static methods inside a type
+ * declaration) and optionally one for `super` (only on class methods
+ * when the enclosing class has a `superclass`).
+ *
+ * Mirrors `languages/csharp/receiver-binding.ts` in structure.
+ */
+
+import type { Capture, CaptureMatch } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { nodeToCapture, syntheticCapture, type SyntaxNode } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+
+const TYPE_DECL_NODE_TYPES = new Set([
+  'class_declaration',
+  'interface_declaration',
+  'enum_declaration',
+  'record_declaration',
+]);
+
+const FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES = new Set(['method_declaration', 'constructor_declaration']);
+
+/** Walk up to the enclosing type declaration. */
+function findEnclosingTypeDeclaration(node: SyntaxNode): SyntaxNode | null {
+  let cur: SyntaxNode | null = node.parent;
+  while (cur !== null) {
+    if (TYPE_DECL_NODE_TYPES.has(cur.type)) return cur;
+    cur = cur.parent;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function typeName(typeNode: SyntaxNode): string | null {
+  return typeNode.childForFieldName('name')?.text ?? null;
+}
+
+/** First superclass text. tree-sitter-java uses a `superclass` field
+ *  containing a `superclass` node wrapping a `type_identifier`. */
+function firstSuperclassText(typeNode: SyntaxNode): string | null {
+  const superclass = typeNode.childForFieldName('superclass');
+  if (superclass === null) return null;
+  // The superclass node wraps the type_identifier
+  for (let i = 0; i < superclass.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = superclass.namedChild(i);
+    if (child !== null && (child.type === 'type_identifier' || child.type === 'generic_type')) {
+      return child.text;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** Check if a method has the `static` modifier. In tree-sitter-java,
+ *  modifiers are grouped under a `modifiers` named child with anonymous
+ *  keyword tokens. */
+function isStaticMethod(fnNode: SyntaxNode): boolean {
+  for (let i = 0; i < fnNode.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = fnNode.namedChild(i);
+    if (child !== null && child.type === 'modifiers') {
+      for (let j = 0; j < child.childCount; j++) {
+        const mod = child.child(j);
+        if (mod !== null && mod.text.trim() === 'static') return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+export function synthesizeJavaReceiverBinding(fnNode: SyntaxNode): CaptureMatch[] {
+  if (!FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.has(fnNode.type)) return [];
+  if (isStaticMethod(fnNode)) return [];
+
+  const enclosingType = findEnclosingTypeDeclaration(fnNode);
+  if (enclosingType === null) return [];
+
+  const enclosingName = typeName(enclosingType);
+  if (enclosingName === null) return [];
+
+  // Anchor to the method body so the synthesized captures are inside
+  // the function scope.
+  const anchorNode = fnNode.childForFieldName('body');
+  if (anchorNode === null) return [];
+
+  const out: CaptureMatch[] = [];
+  out.push(buildReceiverMatch(anchorNode, 'this', enclosingName));
+
+  // `super` applies only to class/record methods with an explicit superclass.
+  if (enclosingType.type === 'class_declaration' || enclosingType.type === 'record_declaration') {
+    const superText = firstSuperclassText(enclosingType);
+    if (superText !== null) {
+      out.push(buildReceiverMatch(anchorNode, 'super', superText));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+function buildReceiverMatch(anchorNode: SyntaxNode, name: string, typeText: string): CaptureMatch {
+  const m: Record<string, Capture> = {
+    '@type-binding.self': nodeToCapture('@type-binding.self', anchorNode),
+    '@type-binding.name': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.name', anchorNode, name),
+    '@type-binding.type': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.type', anchorNode, typeText),
+  };
+  return m;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/scope-resolver.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/scope-resolver.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dac974cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/scope-resolver.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/**
+ * Java `ScopeResolver` registered in `SCOPE_RESOLVERS` and consumed by
+ * the generic `runScopeResolution` orchestrator (RFC #909 Ring 3).
+ *
+ * ## Registry-primary parity status
+ *
+ * Java is **not** in `MIGRATED_LANGUAGES` — the scope-resolution
+ * registry runs in shadow mode only.  Parity in forced registry mode
+ * (`REGISTRY_PRIMARY_JAVA=1`) is 143/172 (83%).  The 29 gaps fall into:
+ *
+ *   - switch pattern binding / sealed-class exhaustiveness
+ *   - Map.values() / entrySet() iteration type propagation
+ *   - assignment / method chain return-type propagation across files
+ *   - virtual dispatch / interface default methods
+ *
+ * These are the same category of advanced-resolution gaps seen in prior
+ * migrations (Python, C#, Go).  Parity is below the ≥99% flip threshold
+ * per RFC §6.4.
+ *
+ * **CI visibility:** Because Java is absent from `MIGRATED_LANGUAGES`,
+ * the parity CI workflow (`ci-scope-parity.yml`) does not run Java in
+ * either `REGISTRY_PRIMARY_JAVA=0` or `=1` mode.  Regressions in forced
+ * mode are only visible via manual `REGISTRY_PRIMARY_JAVA=1 npx vitest
+ * run java.test.ts`.  Before flipping Java to registry-primary, a
+ * non-required CI step should be added to run Java tests in forced mode
+ * and report parity as a dashboard input.
+ *
+ * **Parity baseline (29 failures):** The 29 gaps in forced registry mode
+ * are tracked in this PR (#1482) and this JSDoc.  If the gap count
+ * changes (up or down), update this baseline accordingly.
+ *
+ * ### Known flip-blockers (must fix before adding to MIGRATED_LANGUAGES)
+ *
+ *   - Varargs arity: fixed-prefix count is now preserved, but no
+ *     integration fixture exercises the 0-arg rejection path yet.
+ *   - Static import resolution: `import static X.Y.m` now correctly
+ *     resolves to `X/Y.java` (the class), not `X/Y/m.java` (the member).
+ *     Edge cases with nested classes may remain.
+ *   - Generic superclass receiver binding: `BaseModel<T>` now strips
+ *     to `BaseModel` via JVM type-erasure fallback in `stripGeneric`.
+ *   - Wildcard import (`import com.example.*`) file selection is
+ *     nondeterministic when multiple classes share a package directory.
+ *     May produce wrong-file edges in forced mode.
+ *   - Qualified generic type parameters in field/parameter annotations
+ *     (`com.example.BaseModel<T>`) — rare in practice but may miss
+ *     resolution when the full qualifier is present with generics.
+ */
+
+import type { ParsedFile } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { buildMro, defaultLinearize } from '../../scope-resolution/passes/mro.js';
+import { populateClassOwnedMembers } from '../../scope-resolution/scope/walkers.js';
+import type { ScopeResolver } from '../../scope-resolution/contract/scope-resolver.js';
+import { javaProvider } from '../java.js';
+import {
+  javaArityCompatibility,
+  javaMergeBindings,
+  resolveJavaImportTarget,
+  type JavaResolveContext,
+} from './index.js';
+
+const javaScopeResolver: ScopeResolver = {
+  language: SupportedLanguages.Java,
+  languageProvider: javaProvider,
+  importEdgeReason: 'java-scope: import',
+
+  resolveImportTarget: (targetRaw, fromFile, allFilePaths) => {
+    const ws: JavaResolveContext = { fromFile, allFilePaths };
+    return resolveJavaImportTarget(
+      { kind: 'named', localName: '_', importedName: '_', targetRaw },
+      ws,
+    );
+  },
+
+  mergeBindings: (existing, incoming) => [...javaMergeBindings([...existing, ...incoming])],
+
+  arityCompatibility: (callsite, def) => javaArityCompatibility(def, callsite),
+
+  buildMro: (graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup) =>
+    buildMro(graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup, defaultLinearize),
+
+  populateOwners: (parsed: ParsedFile) => populateClassOwnedMembers(parsed),
+
+  isSuperReceiver: (text) => text.trim() === 'super',
+
+  // Java is statically typed — field-fallback heuristic stays off
+  fieldFallbackOnMethodLookup: false,
+  propagatesReturnTypesAcrossImports: true,
+
+  // Java doesn't collapse member calls
+  collapseMemberCallsByCallerTarget: false,
+
+  // Hoist return-type bindings to Module scope for cross-file propagation
+  hoistTypeBindingsToModule: true,
+};
+
+export { javaScopeResolver };
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/simple-hooks.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/simple-hooks.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69f768a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/java/simple-hooks.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/**
+ * Small hooks for the Java provider. Each is a few lines; they make
+ * the provider's choice explicit rather than relying on defaults.
+ */
+
+import type {
+  CaptureMatch,
+  ParsedImport,
+  Scope,
+  ScopeId,
+  ScopeTree,
+  TypeRef,
+} from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+// ─── bindingScopeFor ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/** Method return-type bindings hoist to Module scope so cross-file
+ *  `propagateImportedReturnTypes` and chain-follow can find them. */
+export function javaBindingScopeFor(
+  decl: CaptureMatch,
+  innermost: Scope,
+  tree: ScopeTree,
+): ScopeId | null {
+  if (decl['@type-binding.return'] !== undefined) {
+    let cur: Scope | undefined = innermost;
+    while (cur !== undefined && cur.kind !== 'Module') {
+      const parentId: ScopeId | null = cur.parent ?? null;
+      if (parentId === null) break;
+      cur = tree.getScope(parentId);
+    }
+    if (cur !== undefined && cur.kind === 'Module') return cur.id;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// ─── importOwningScope ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/** Java imports are always at compilation-unit (Module) level (JLS §7.5).
+ *  Return `null` unconditionally so the default Module scope is used. */
+export function javaImportOwningScope(
+  _imp: ParsedImport,
+  _innermost: Scope,
+  _tree: ScopeTree,
+): ScopeId | null {
+  return null;
+}
+
+// ─── receiverBinding ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/** Look up `this` or `super` in the function scope's type bindings. */
+export function javaReceiverBinding(functionScope: Scope): TypeRef | null {
+  if (functionScope.kind !== 'Function') return null;
+  return functionScope.typeBindings.get('this') ?? functionScope.typeBindings.get('super') ?? null;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php.ts
index eb8f296f8..caca85335 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php.ts
@@ -5,12 +5,22 @@
  * and standard export/import resolution. PHP files can use a variety of
  * extensions from legacy versions through modern PHP 8.
  */
+import {
+  emitPhpScopeCaptures,
+  interpretPhpImport,
+  interpretPhpTypeBinding,
+  phpArityCompatibility,
+  phpMergeBindings,
+  resolvePhpImportTarget,
+  phpBindingScopeFor,
+  phpImportOwningScope,
+  phpReceiverBinding,
+} from './php/index.js';
 
 import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import { createClassExtractor } from '../class-extractors/generic.js';
 import { phpClassConfig } from '../class-extractors/configs/php.js';
-import { defineLanguage } from '../language-provider.js';
-import type { AstFrameworkPatternConfig } from '../language-provider.js';
+import { defineLanguage, type AstFrameworkPatternConfig } from '../language-provider.js';
 import { typeConfig as phpConfig } from '../type-extractors/php.js';
 import { phpExportChecker } from '../export-detection.js';
 import { createImportResolver } from '../import-resolvers/resolver-factory.js';
@@ -289,4 +299,18 @@ export const phpProvider = defineLanguage({
   descriptionExtractor: phpDescriptionExtractor,
   isRouteFile: isPhpRouteFile,
   builtInNames: BUILT_INS,
+  // ── RFC #909 Ring 3: scope-based resolution hooks ──────────────────────
+  emitScopeCaptures: emitPhpScopeCaptures,
+  interpretImport: interpretPhpImport,
+  interpretTypeBinding: interpretPhpTypeBinding,
+  // LanguageProvider uses (def, callsite); phpArityCompatibility uses (def, callsite) — same.
+  arityCompatibility: phpArityCompatibility,
+  // LanguageProvider adapter: (parsedImport, workspaceIndex) → string | null
+  resolveImportTarget: resolvePhpImportTarget,
+  // mergeBindings on LanguageProvider: (scope, bindings) — ignore scope id,
+  // delegate to phpMergeBindings which uses binding origin tiers.
+  mergeBindings: (_scope, bindings) => [...phpMergeBindings(bindings)],
+  bindingScopeFor: phpBindingScopeFor,
+  importOwningScope: phpImportOwningScope,
+  receiverBinding: phpReceiverBinding,
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/arity-metadata.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/arity-metadata.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40662bd61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/arity-metadata.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Extract PHP arity metadata from a method-like tree-sitter node —
+ * `method_declaration` or `function_definition`.
+ *
+ * Reuses `phpMethodConfig.extractParameters` so scope-extracted defs
+ * carry the same arity semantics as the legacy parse-worker path:
+ *   - `variadic_parameter` (`...$args`) collapses `parameterCount` to
+ *     `undefined`, which `phpArityCompatibility` then treats as
+ *     "max unknown" — the candidate stays eligible at `argCount >= required`.
+ *   - Defaulted parameters (`= expr`) contribute to `optionalCount`;
+ *     `requiredParameterCount = total − optionalCount − (variadic ? 1 : 0)`.
+ *     The variadic slot itself accepts zero args so it is subtracted from
+ *     the required count — `f(int $a, ...$rest)` requires exactly 1 arg,
+ *     not 2, and `f(...$rest)` requires 0.
+ *   - `property_promotion_parameter` (constructor-promoted) is counted
+ *     the same as `simple_parameter` since both consume an argument slot.
+ *   - `parameterTypes` collects declared type names; a literal `'...'`
+ *     marker is appended for variadic methods so `phpArityCompatibility`
+ *     can detect them without re-reading the AST.
+ */
+
+import type { SyntaxNode } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import { phpMethodConfig } from '../../method-extractors/configs/php.js';
+
+interface PhpArityMetadata {
+  readonly parameterCount: number | undefined;
+  readonly requiredParameterCount: number | undefined;
+  readonly parameterTypes: readonly string[] | undefined;
+}
+
+export function computePhpArityMetadata(fnNode: SyntaxNode): PhpArityMetadata {
+  const params = phpMethodConfig.extractParameters?.(fnNode) ?? [];
+
+  let hasVariadic = false;
+  let optionalCount = 0;
+  const types: string[] = [];
+
+  for (const p of params) {
+    if (p.isVariadic) {
+      hasVariadic = true;
+    } else if (p.isOptional) {
+      optionalCount++;
+    }
+    if (p.type !== null) types.push(p.type);
+  }
+  // PHP variadic marker convention: append the literal '...' string to
+  // `parameterTypes`. This is intentionally DIFFERENT from C#, which uses
+  // the literal 'params' (its source-language keyword). The shared
+  // `narrowOverloadCandidates` pass in `scope-resolution/passes/overload-
+  // narrowing.ts` checks for the C# 'params' marker — that branch is
+  // dead code for PHP because PHP variadic methods set `parameterCount
+  // = undefined` (see line below), which skips the `max !== undefined`
+  // gate that hosts the 'params' check. PHP's actual variadic-aware
+  // arity logic lives in `phpArityCompatibility` (arity.ts) and now
+  // also in `phpEmitUnresolvedReceiverEdges` (scope-resolver.ts), both
+  // of which check `'...'`. Finding 9 of PR #1497 adversarial review.
+  if (hasVariadic) types.push('...');
+
+  const total = params.length;
+  // Variadic methods accept any arg count ≥ required — leave `parameterCount`
+  // undefined so the registry treats max as unknown.
+  const parameterCount = hasVariadic ? undefined : total;
+  // The variadic slot itself accepts zero args; subtract it from the required
+  // count so PHP's ArgumentCountError-equivalent calls (too few args before
+  // the variadic) are correctly rejected by arity compatibility.
+  const requiredParameterCount = total - optionalCount - (hasVariadic ? 1 : 0);
+
+  return {
+    parameterCount,
+    requiredParameterCount,
+    parameterTypes: types.length > 0 ? types : undefined,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/arity.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/arity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b99a73c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/arity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * PHP arity check, accommodating variadic (`...$args`) and default parameters.
+ *
+ * The `def` metadata synthesized by `arity-metadata.ts`:
+ *   - `parameterCount`         — total formal parameters; `undefined` when
+ *                                the method has a variadic `...$param`.
+ *   - `requiredParameterCount` — min required (excludes defaulted params
+ *                                and the variadic itself).
+ *   - `parameterTypes`         — declared type strings; contains the
+ *                                literal `'...'` when the method is variadic.
+ *
+ * Verdicts:
+ *   - `'compatible'`   — `required <= argCount <= max`, OR the def has
+ *                        variadic (any `argCount >= required`).
+ *   - `'incompatible'` — argCount below required, or above max with no variadic.
+ *   - `'unknown'`      — metadata absent / incomplete; named-args can satisfy
+ *                        any arity so we return unknown when we detect them.
+ *
+ * PHP supports named arguments (PHP 8.0+): `save(force: true)`. Named-arg
+ * call sites cannot be arity-checked statically without parsing arg names,
+ * so we return `'unknown'` when the callsite carries named args (signalled
+ * by a negative `arity` value per the shared Callsite contract).
+ */
+
+import type { Callsite, SymbolDefinition } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+export function phpArityCompatibility(
+  def: SymbolDefinition,
+  callsite: Callsite,
+): 'compatible' | 'unknown' | 'incompatible' {
+  const max = def.parameterCount;
+  const min = def.requiredParameterCount;
+  if (max === undefined && min === undefined) return 'unknown';
+
+  const argCount = callsite.arity;
+  // Negative arity signals named-argument call sites — can't narrow statically.
+  if (!Number.isFinite(argCount) || argCount < 0) return 'unknown';
+
+  const hasVarArgs =
+    def.parameterTypes !== undefined &&
+    def.parameterTypes.some((t) => t === '...' || t.startsWith('...'));
+
+  if (min !== undefined && argCount < min) return 'incompatible';
+  if (max !== undefined && argCount > max && !hasVarArgs) return 'incompatible';
+
+  return 'compatible';
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/cache-stats.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/cache-stats.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..508eec580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/cache-stats.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * Dev-mode counters for the cross-phase scope-captures parse cache
+ * (PHP mirror of `languages/csharp/cache-stats.ts`).
+ *
+ * Gated by `PROF_SCOPE_RESOLUTION=1`. Production builds fold every
+ * increment into dead code via the module-level `PROF` constant, so
+ * the hot path in `captures.ts` stays branch-free.
+ */
+
+const PROF = process.env.PROF_SCOPE_RESOLUTION === '1';
+
+let CACHE_HITS = 0;
+let CACHE_MISSES = 0;
+
+export function recordCacheHit(): void {
+  if (PROF) CACHE_HITS++;
+}
+
+export function recordCacheMiss(): void {
+  if (PROF) CACHE_MISSES++;
+}
+
+export function getPhpCaptureCacheStats(): { hits: number; misses: number } {
+  return { hits: CACHE_HITS, misses: CACHE_MISSES };
+}
+
+export function resetPhpCaptureCacheStats(): void {
+  CACHE_HITS = 0;
+  CACHE_MISSES = 0;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/captures.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/captures.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..692d87bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/captures.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,806 @@
+/**
+ * `emitScopeCaptures` for PHP (RFC #909 Ring 3 LANG-php).
+ *
+ * Drives the PHP scope query against tree-sitter-php and groups raw
+ * matches into `CaptureMatch[]` for the central extractor. Layers two
+ * synthesized streams on top:
+ *
+ *   1. **Decomposed use declarations** — each `namespace_use_declaration`
+ *      is re-emitted with `@import.kind/source/name/alias` markers so
+ *      `interpretPhpImport` can recover the ParsedImport shape without
+ *      re-parsing raw text. Grouped uses fan out to one match per clause.
+ *
+ *   2. **Receiver-binding synthesis** — `$this` and `parent` type-bindings
+ *      are synthesized on every non-static method entry. PHP's grammar
+ *      does not express "implicit receiver of a non-static class method"
+ *      via a clean `.scm` pattern, so we walk up the AST in code.
+ *
+ *   3. **Arity metadata synthesis** — `@declaration.parameter-count` /
+ *      `@declaration.required-parameter-count` / `@declaration.parameter-types`
+ *      are synthesized on function-like declarations so the registry can
+ *      narrow overloads.
+ *
+ *   4. **PHPDoc synthesis** — @param and @return annotations in comment
+ *      nodes preceding method/function declarations are extracted and emitted
+ *      as `@type-binding.parameter` and `@type-binding.return` matches.
+ *
+ *   5. **Foreach loop synthesis** — `foreach ($users as $user)` emits
+ *      a `@type-binding.alias` match binding the loop variable to the
+ *      element type of the iterable (resolved from PHPDoc or scopeEnv).
+ *
+ * Pure given the input source text. No I/O, no globals consulted.
+ */
+
+import type { Capture, CaptureMatch } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { findNodeAtRange, nodeToCapture, syntheticCapture } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import { splitNamespaceUseDeclaration } from './import-decomposer.js';
+import { computePhpArityMetadata } from './arity-metadata.js';
+import { synthesizePhpReceiverBinding } from './receiver-binding.js';
+import { getPhpParser, getPhpScopeQuery } from './query.js';
+import { recordCacheHit, recordCacheMiss } from './cache-stats.js';
+import { getTreeSitterBufferSize } from '../../constants.js';
+import { parseSourceSafe } from '../../../tree-sitter/safe-parse.js';
+
+type SyntaxNode = ReturnType<ReturnType<typeof getPhpParser>['parse']>['rootNode'];
+
+/** Declaration anchors that carry function-like arity metadata. */
+const FUNCTION_DECL_TAGS = ['@declaration.method', '@declaration.function'] as const;
+
+/** tree-sitter-php node types that the method extractor accepts. */
+const FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES = [
+  'method_declaration',
+  'function_definition',
+  'anonymous_function',
+  'arrow_function',
+] as const;
+
+export function emitPhpScopeCaptures(
+  sourceText: string,
+  _filePath: string,
+  cachedTree?: unknown,
+): readonly CaptureMatch[] {
+  // Skip the parse when the caller already produced a Tree for this source.
+  // The cachedTree parameter is typed as `unknown` at the LanguageProvider
+  // contract layer; cast here at the use site.
+  let tree = cachedTree as ReturnType<ReturnType<typeof getPhpParser>['parse']> | undefined;
+  if (tree === undefined) {
+    tree = parseSourceSafe(getPhpParser(), sourceText, undefined, {
+      bufferSize: getTreeSitterBufferSize(sourceText),
+    });
+    recordCacheMiss();
+  } else {
+    recordCacheHit();
+  }
+
+  const rawMatches = getPhpScopeQuery().matches(tree.rootNode);
+  const out: CaptureMatch[] = [];
+
+  // Pre-scan: collect anchor node IDs of property_declaration nodes already
+  // matched by the typed @declaration.property pattern (query.ts ~lines 95–98).
+  // The untyped @declaration.variable catch-all (query.ts ~lines 101–103) is
+  // intentionally loose — it has no `type:` constraint, so tree-sitter also
+  // matches it against typed property declarations and emits a second capture
+  // for the same property_declaration anchor. Graph-level def-id collision
+  // currently masks the duplicate at the node-emit layer, but the catch-all
+  // capture still flows through scope-binding / name-keyed registries with a
+  // `$`-prefixed name that the typed branch's `$`-strip never normalizes —
+  // a known vector for receiver-binding lookup pollution. The two patterns
+  // produce separate rawMatches entries with separate `grouped` maps, so the
+  // dedup has to be cross-match: build the set here, then skip
+  // @declaration.variable matches whose anchor is in it (loop below).
+  const typedPropertyAnchorIds = new Set<number>();
+  for (const m of rawMatches) {
+    for (const c of m.captures) {
+      if (c.name === 'declaration.property') {
+        typedPropertyAnchorIds.add(c.node.id);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const m of rawMatches) {
+    // Group captures by their tag name. Tree-sitter strips the leading
+    // `@`; we put it back so the central extractor's prefix lookups work.
+    const grouped: Record<string, Capture> = {};
+    for (const c of m.captures) {
+      const tag = '@' + c.name;
+      grouped[tag] = nodeToCapture(tag, c.node);
+    }
+    if (Object.keys(grouped).length === 0) continue;
+
+    // Cross-match dedup for the typed-property double-match described above:
+    // skip @declaration.variable matches whose anchor was already captured as
+    // @declaration.property in an earlier match.
+    if (grouped['@declaration.variable'] !== undefined) {
+      const varCap = m.captures.find((c) => c.name === 'declaration.variable');
+      if (varCap !== undefined && typedPropertyAnchorIds.has(varCap.node.id)) continue;
+    }
+
+    // Normalize PHP property declarations: strip leading `$` from
+    // `@declaration.name` for @declaration.property matches. PHP stores
+    // field names WITHOUT the `$` sigil in the graph so that member access
+    // lookups like `$user->address` can find the property named `address`
+    // (not `$address`). `@type-binding.annotation` already strips `$` in
+    // `interpretPhpTypeBinding`; this mirrors that for the declaration side.
+    //
+    // Only applies to `@declaration.property` — typed class properties and
+    // constructor-promoted parameters. Untyped `@declaration.variable` keeps
+    // its `$` prefix (those defs are Variable type and not in the field
+    // registry, so their name doesn't affect member lookup).
+    if (
+      grouped['@declaration.property'] !== undefined &&
+      grouped['@declaration.name'] !== undefined
+    ) {
+      const nameCap = grouped['@declaration.name'];
+      if (nameCap.text.startsWith('$')) {
+        grouped['@declaration.name'] = { ...nameCap, text: nameCap.text.slice(1) };
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Normalize PHP receiver expressions so the compound-receiver resolver
+    // can walk chains expressed with `->` (PHP) as if they used `.` (the
+    // resolver's canonical separator). Without this, `$user->address->save()`
+    // has receiver text `$user->address` — the resolver sees no `.` separator,
+    // treats it as a bare identifier, and cannot walk field types.
+    //
+    // Transformation applied to `@reference.receiver` captures:
+    //   1. Replace `->` with `.`           ($user->address → $user.address)
+    //   2. Strip leading `$` from each segment ($user.address → user.address)
+    //   3. Strip trailing `?` on null-safe receivers ($user? → user)
+    //
+    // This is a PHP-local normalization — no shared pipeline code is changed.
+    if (grouped['@reference.receiver'] !== undefined) {
+      const recvCap = grouped['@reference.receiver']!;
+      const normalized = normalizePhpReceiver(recvCap.text);
+      if (normalized !== recvCap.text) {
+        grouped['@reference.receiver'] = { ...recvCap, text: normalized };
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Normalize static property write: strip leading `$` from `@reference.name`
+    // so `User::$count` resolves to property `count` (stored without `$` in graph).
+    if (grouped['@reference.write.static'] !== undefined) {
+      const nameCap = grouped['@reference.name'];
+      if (nameCap !== undefined && nameCap.text.startsWith('$')) {
+        grouped['@reference.name'] = {
+          ...nameCap,
+          text: nameCap.text.slice(1),
+        };
+      }
+      // Re-tag as @reference.write.member so downstream passes see a uniform write kind.
+      grouped['@reference.write.member'] = grouped['@reference.write.static']!;
+      delete grouped['@reference.write.static'];
+    }
+
+    // Decompose each `namespace_use_declaration` so `interpretPhpImport`
+    // sees the kind/source/name/alias markers it consumes.
+    if (grouped['@import.statement'] !== undefined) {
+      const stmtCapture = grouped['@import.statement'];
+      const stmtNode = findNodeAtRange(
+        tree.rootNode,
+        stmtCapture.range,
+        'namespace_use_declaration',
+      );
+      if (stmtNode !== null) {
+        const decomposed = splitNamespaceUseDeclaration(stmtNode);
+        if (decomposed.length > 0) {
+          for (const d of decomposed) out.push(d);
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      // Defensive fallback: emit the raw match.
+      out.push(grouped);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Synthesize `$this` / `parent` receiver type-bindings on every
+    // non-static method-like. Mirrors C#'s `this` / `base` synthesis.
+    if (grouped['@scope.function'] !== undefined) {
+      out.push(grouped);
+      const anchor = grouped['@scope.function']!;
+      const fnNode = findFunctionNode(tree.rootNode, anchor.range);
+      if (fnNode !== null) {
+        for (const synth of synthesizePhpReceiverBinding(fnNode)) {
+          out.push(synth);
+        }
+        // Synthesize PHPDoc @param and @return type bindings for this fn.
+        for (const synth of synthesizePhpDocBindings(fnNode)) {
+          out.push(synth);
+        }
+        // Synthesize foreach loop variable bindings inside this fn body.
+        for (const synth of synthesizeForeachBindings(fnNode)) {
+          out.push(synth);
+        }
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Synthesize arity metadata on function-like declarations so the
+    // registry can narrow overloads.
+    const declTag = FUNCTION_DECL_TAGS.find((t) => grouped[t] !== undefined);
+    if (declTag !== undefined) {
+      const anchor = grouped[declTag]!;
+      const fnNode = findFunctionNode(tree.rootNode, anchor.range);
+      if (fnNode !== null) {
+        const arity = computePhpArityMetadata(fnNode);
+        if (arity.parameterCount !== undefined) {
+          grouped['@declaration.parameter-count'] = syntheticCapture(
+            '@declaration.parameter-count',
+            fnNode,
+            String(arity.parameterCount),
+          );
+        }
+        if (arity.requiredParameterCount !== undefined) {
+          grouped['@declaration.required-parameter-count'] = syntheticCapture(
+            '@declaration.required-parameter-count',
+            fnNode,
+            String(arity.requiredParameterCount),
+          );
+        }
+        if (arity.parameterTypes !== undefined) {
+          grouped['@declaration.parameter-types'] = syntheticCapture(
+            '@declaration.parameter-types',
+            fnNode,
+            JSON.stringify(arity.parameterTypes),
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Synthesize `@reference.arity` on every call site so the registry's
+    // arity filter can narrow overloads. Count the `argument` children of
+    // the backing `arguments` node. Mirrors C#'s pattern (csharp/captures.ts
+    // lines 149-186). PHP needs this for arity-based dispatch (Cluster H).
+    const callTag = (
+      ['@reference.call.free', '@reference.call.member', '@reference.call.constructor'] as const
+    ).find((t) => grouped[t] !== undefined);
+    if (callTag !== undefined && grouped['@reference.arity'] === undefined) {
+      const anchor = grouped[callTag]!;
+      const callNode =
+        findNodeAtRange(tree.rootNode, anchor.range, 'function_call_expression') ??
+        findNodeAtRange(tree.rootNode, anchor.range, 'member_call_expression') ??
+        findNodeAtRange(tree.rootNode, anchor.range, 'nullsafe_member_call_expression') ??
+        findNodeAtRange(tree.rootNode, anchor.range, 'scoped_call_expression') ??
+        findNodeAtRange(tree.rootNode, anchor.range, 'object_creation_expression');
+      if (callNode !== null) {
+        const argList = callNode.childForFieldName('arguments');
+        const args: SyntaxNode[] = [];
+        if (argList !== null) {
+          for (let i = 0; i < argList.namedChildCount; i++) {
+            const child = argList.namedChild(i);
+            if (child !== null && child.type === 'argument') args.push(child);
+          }
+        }
+        grouped['@reference.arity'] = syntheticCapture(
+          '@reference.arity',
+          callNode,
+          String(args.length),
+        );
+        // Infer argument types from literal nodes for type-based narrowing.
+        // Non-literal arguments emit empty string ("unknown" = any-match).
+        const argTypes = args.map((arg) => inferPhpArgType(arg));
+        grouped['@reference.parameter-types'] = syntheticCapture(
+          '@reference.parameter-types',
+          callNode,
+          JSON.stringify(argTypes),
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    out.push(grouped);
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** Find the first PHP function-like node at the given range. */
+function findFunctionNode(rootNode: SyntaxNode, range: Capture['range']): SyntaxNode | null {
+  for (const nodeType of FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES) {
+    const n = findNodeAtRange(rootNode, range, nodeType);
+    if (n !== null) return n as SyntaxNode;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// ─── PHP receiver normalization ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a PHP receiver expression so the language-agnostic
+ * compound-receiver resolver (which splits on `.`) can walk field-type chains.
+ *
+ * The compound-receiver resolver:
+ *   - splits on `.` to get chain segments
+ *   - looks up the first segment in `typeBindings` (keyed with `$` for variables)
+ *   - walks subsequent segments as field names (stored without `$` in the graph)
+ *
+ * Transformation:
+ *   1. Replace `->` and `?->` with `.` so the resolver's splitter works
+ *   2. Strip any bare `?` fragment left by null-safe chain ends
+ *   3. Strip `$` from all segments EXCEPT the first (which is a variable
+ *      and must keep `$` for typeBindings lookup — e.g. `$user → User`)
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   `$user`                 → `$user`         (bare variable — unchanged)
+ *   `$user->address`        → `$user.address`
+ *   `$user->address->city`  → `$user.address.city`
+ *   `$user?`                → `$user`         (null-safe trailing `?` stripped)
+ *   `$this`                 → `$this`         (receiverBinding uses `$this`)
+ *   `parent`                → `parent`        (super-receiver check)
+ */
+function normalizePhpReceiver(raw: string): string {
+  // Keep `$this`, `parent`, and `self` as-is.
+  if (raw === '$this' || raw === 'parent' || raw === 'self') return raw;
+
+  // Replace `?->` (null-safe) and plain `->` with `.`.
+  let text = raw.replace(/\?->/g, '.').replace(/->/g, '.');
+  // Strip a trailing `?` (null-safe fragment on the last object node).
+  text = text.replace(/\?$/, '');
+  // Collapse any doubled dots from `?->` where `?` was on its own.
+  text = text.replace(/\.{2,}/g, '.');
+  // Strip trailing dot.
+  text = text.replace(/\.$/, '');
+
+  // Split on `.` and strip `$` from all segments EXCEPT the first.
+  // The first segment is a PHP variable (typeBinding key includes `$`).
+  // Subsequent segments are property/method names (stored without `$`).
+  const segments = text.split('.');
+  for (let i = 1; i < segments.length; i++) {
+    const s = segments[i];
+    if (s !== undefined && s.startsWith('$')) segments[i] = s.slice(1);
+  }
+  return segments.join('.');
+}
+
+// ─── PHP argument type inference ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Infer the PHP type of a call argument from its literal shape.
+ * Returns an empty string for non-literals (treated as "unknown" = any-match).
+ * Mirrors C#'s `inferArgType` helper.
+ */
+function inferPhpArgType(argNode: SyntaxNode): string {
+  // argument node wraps the actual expression
+  const expr = argNode.firstNamedChild ?? argNode;
+  switch (expr.type) {
+    case 'integer':
+      return 'int';
+    case 'float':
+      return 'float';
+    case 'string':
+    case 'encapsed_string':
+    case 'heredoc':
+    case 'nowdoc':
+      return 'string';
+    case 'boolean':
+    case 'true':
+    case 'false':
+      return 'bool';
+    case 'null':
+      return 'null';
+    default:
+      return '';
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── PHPDoc synthesis ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/** PHP 8+ attribute_list nodes that appear between PHPDoc and method. */
+const SKIP_SIBLING_TYPES = new Set(['attribute_list', 'attribute', 'comment']);
+
+/** Regex for PHPDoc @param: standard `@param Type $name` */
+const PHPDOC_PARAM_RE = /@param\s+(\S+)\s+\$(\w+)/g;
+/** Regex for PHPDoc @param: alternate `@param $name Type` */
+const PHPDOC_PARAM_ALT_RE = /@param\s+\$(\w+)\s+(\S+)/g;
+/** Regex for PHPDoc @return: `@return Type` */
+const PHPDOC_RETURN_RE = /@return\s+(\S+)/;
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a PHP type string to a simple class name for binding purposes.
+ * Returns null for primitives or uninformative types.
+ * Mirrors `normalizePhpType` in `interpret.ts` but operates on raw PHPDoc strings.
+ */
+function normalizePhpDocType(raw: string): string | null {
+  let type = raw.trim();
+  // Strip nullable prefix
+  if (type.startsWith('?')) type = type.slice(1).trim();
+  // Strip array suffix: User[] → User
+  if (type.endsWith('[]')) type = type.slice(0, -2).trim();
+  // Strip union with null/false/void
+  if (type.includes('|')) {
+    const parts = type
+      .split('|')
+      .map((p) => p.trim())
+      .filter((p) => p !== 'null' && p !== 'false' && p !== 'void' && p !== 'mixed' && p !== '');
+    if (parts.length !== 1) return null;
+    type = parts[0];
+  }
+  // Strip intersection: take first part
+  if (type.includes('&')) {
+    const first = type.split('&')[0].trim();
+    if (first === '') return null;
+    type = first;
+  }
+  // Strip generic wrapper: Collection<User> → User
+  const genericMatch = type.match(/^\w[\w\\]*\s*<([^,<>]+)>$/);
+  if (genericMatch) {
+    type = genericMatch[1].trim();
+    // Strip array suffix again inside generic
+    if (type.endsWith('[]')) type = type.slice(0, -2).trim();
+  }
+  // Strip namespace qualifier: \App\Models\User → User
+  if (type.includes('\\')) {
+    const segs = type.split('\\').filter(Boolean);
+    type = segs[segs.length - 1] ?? type;
+  }
+  // Reject primitives
+  if (PHP_PRIMITIVES.has(type.toLowerCase())) return null;
+  // Must be a simple identifier
+  if (!/^\w+$/.test(type)) return null;
+  return type;
+}
+
+const PHP_PRIMITIVES = new Set([
+  'int',
+  'integer',
+  'float',
+  'double',
+  'string',
+  'bool',
+  'boolean',
+  'array',
+  'object',
+  'callable',
+  'iterable',
+  'null',
+  'void',
+  'never',
+  'mixed',
+  'false',
+  'true',
+  'self',
+  'static',
+  'parent',
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Collect comment text from siblings immediately before `fnNode`.
+ * Skips PHP 8+ attribute_list nodes.
+ */
+function collectPrecedingComments(fnNode: SyntaxNode): string {
+  const texts: string[] = [];
+  let sibling = fnNode.previousSibling;
+  while (sibling !== null) {
+    if (sibling.type === 'comment') {
+      texts.unshift(sibling.text);
+    } else if (sibling.isNamed && !SKIP_SIBLING_TYPES.has(sibling.type)) {
+      break;
+    }
+    sibling = sibling.previousSibling;
+  }
+  return texts.join('\n');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Synthesize PHPDoc @param and @return type-binding captures for a
+ * method_declaration or function_definition node.
+ *
+ * PHPDoc @param Type $name → `@type-binding.parameter` match (anchored at fn body/return_type).
+ * PHPDoc @return Type → `@type-binding.return` match (anchored at fn name).
+ */
+function synthesizePhpDocBindings(fnNode: SyntaxNode): CaptureMatch[] {
+  if (fnNode.type !== 'method_declaration' && fnNode.type !== 'function_definition') return [];
+
+  const commentBlock = collectPrecedingComments(fnNode);
+  if (commentBlock === '') return [];
+
+  const out: CaptureMatch[] = [];
+
+  // Anchor for parameter type-bindings: the function body (or return_type as fallback).
+  // The binding must be inside the function scope so it's visible to body statements.
+  const bodyNode = fnNode.childForFieldName('body');
+  const anchorNode = bodyNode ?? fnNode;
+
+  // ── @param annotations ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  PHPDOC_PARAM_RE.lastIndex = 0;
+  let m: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  const seenParams = new Set<string>();
+
+  while ((m = PHPDOC_PARAM_RE.exec(commentBlock)) !== null) {
+    const rawType = m[1];
+    const paramName = '$' + m[2];
+    const typeName = normalizePhpDocType(rawType);
+    if (typeName === null) continue;
+    seenParams.add(paramName);
+    out.push({
+      '@type-binding.parameter': nodeToCapture('@type-binding.parameter', anchorNode),
+      '@type-binding.name': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.name', anchorNode, paramName),
+      '@type-binding.type': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.type', anchorNode, typeName),
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Also check alternate PHPDoc order: @param $name Type
+  PHPDOC_PARAM_ALT_RE.lastIndex = 0;
+  while ((m = PHPDOC_PARAM_ALT_RE.exec(commentBlock)) !== null) {
+    const paramName = '$' + m[1];
+    if (seenParams.has(paramName)) continue; // standard format takes priority
+    const rawType = m[2];
+    const typeName = normalizePhpDocType(rawType);
+    if (typeName === null) continue;
+    out.push({
+      '@type-binding.parameter': nodeToCapture('@type-binding.parameter', anchorNode),
+      '@type-binding.name': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.name', anchorNode, paramName),
+      '@type-binding.type': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.type', anchorNode, typeName),
+    });
+  }
+
+  // ── @return annotation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  const returnMatch = PHPDOC_RETURN_RE.exec(commentBlock);
+  if (returnMatch !== null) {
+    const rawType = returnMatch[1];
+    const typeName = normalizePhpDocType(rawType);
+    if (typeName !== null) {
+      // @return bindings must be anchored at the method name and hoisted to Module scope
+      // by phpBindingScopeFor (which checks for @type-binding.return presence).
+      // Use the function_definition/method_declaration node itself as the anchor — it
+      // coincides with the innermost scope's range, so auto-hoist kicks in.
+      const nameNode = fnNode.childForFieldName('name') ?? fnNode;
+      out.push({
+        '@type-binding.return': nodeToCapture('@type-binding.return', fnNode),
+        '@type-binding.name': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.name', nameNode, nameNode.text),
+        '@type-binding.type': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.type', nameNode, typeName),
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+// ─── Foreach synthesis ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Walk all `foreach_statement` nodes inside `fnNode` and synthesize
+ * `@type-binding.alias` captures binding the loop variable to the
+ * element type of the iterable.
+ *
+ * Supports:
+ *   - `foreach ($users as $user)` — simple iterable variable
+ *   - `foreach ($users as $k => $user)` — key→value pair
+ *   - `foreach ($this->users as $user)` — member access iterable
+ *   - `foreach (getUsers() as $user)` — NOT yet supported (needs return type)
+ *
+ * The element type is resolved by:
+ *   1. Looking up the iterable name in PHPDoc @param bindings already
+ *      collected for this function (passed via typeBindingsByName).
+ *   2. Direct resolution when iterable's env type IS the element type
+ *      (because PHPDoc normalizes `User[]` → `User` already).
+ */
+function synthesizeForeachBindings(fnNode: SyntaxNode): CaptureMatch[] {
+  if (
+    fnNode.type !== 'method_declaration' &&
+    fnNode.type !== 'function_definition' &&
+    fnNode.type !== 'anonymous_function' &&
+    fnNode.type !== 'arrow_function'
+  ) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const out: CaptureMatch[] = [];
+
+  // Build a mini type map from the function's PHPDoc @param annotations.
+  // This is re-parsed here (not cached from synthesizePhpDocBindings) for simplicity;
+  // the cost is negligible given the small comment sizes.
+  const commentBlock = collectPrecedingComments(fnNode);
+  const paramTypeMap = buildParamTypeMap(commentBlock);
+
+  // Walk the function body for foreach_statement nodes.
+  const bodyNode = fnNode.childForFieldName('body');
+  if (bodyNode === null) return [];
+  collectForeachBindings(bodyNode, fnNode, paramTypeMap, out);
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** Build a map of `$paramName → elementTypeName` from PHPDoc @param in a comment block. */
+function buildParamTypeMap(commentBlock: string): Map<string, string> {
+  const map = new Map<string, string>();
+  if (commentBlock === '') return map;
+
+  PHPDOC_PARAM_RE.lastIndex = 0;
+  let m: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  while ((m = PHPDOC_PARAM_RE.exec(commentBlock)) !== null) {
+    const rawType = m[1];
+    const paramName = '$' + m[2];
+    const typeName = normalizePhpDocType(rawType);
+    if (typeName !== null) map.set(paramName, typeName);
+  }
+  PHPDOC_PARAM_ALT_RE.lastIndex = 0;
+  while ((m = PHPDOC_PARAM_ALT_RE.exec(commentBlock)) !== null) {
+    const paramName = '$' + m[1];
+    if (map.has(paramName)) continue;
+    const rawType = m[2];
+    const typeName = normalizePhpDocType(rawType);
+    if (typeName !== null) map.set(paramName, typeName);
+  }
+  return map;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Walk a subtree and collect foreach_statement bindings.
+ * Recursively descends into all child nodes.
+ */
+function collectForeachBindings(
+  node: SyntaxNode,
+  fnNode: SyntaxNode,
+  paramTypeMap: Map<string, string>,
+  out: CaptureMatch[],
+): void {
+  if (node.type === 'foreach_statement') {
+    const synth = synthesizeSingleForeach(node, fnNode, paramTypeMap);
+    if (synth !== null) out.push(synth);
+  }
+  for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
+    const child = node.child(i);
+    if (child !== null) {
+      collectForeachBindings(child, fnNode, paramTypeMap, out);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Synthesize a single `@type-binding.alias` match for a `foreach_statement`.
+ *
+ * AST structure for foreach_statement (tree-sitter-php):
+ *   foreach ( <iterable> as <value_or_pair> ) <body>
+ * Named children (excluding body): first = iterable, second = value or pair.
+ */
+function synthesizeSingleForeach(
+  foreachNode: SyntaxNode,
+  fnNode: SyntaxNode,
+  paramTypeMap: Map<string, string>,
+): CaptureMatch | null {
+  // Collect non-body named children: [iterable, value_or_pair]
+  const bodyNode = foreachNode.childForFieldName('body');
+  const children: SyntaxNode[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < foreachNode.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = foreachNode.namedChild(i);
+    if (child !== null && child !== bodyNode) children.push(child);
+  }
+  if (children.length < 2) return null;
+
+  const iterableNode = children[0];
+  const valueOrPair = children[1];
+
+  // Determine the loop variable node
+  let loopVarNode: SyntaxNode;
+  if (valueOrPair.type === 'pair') {
+    // $key => $value — use the last named child of the pair
+    const lastChild = valueOrPair.namedChild(valueOrPair.namedChildCount - 1);
+    if (lastChild === null) return null;
+    loopVarNode =
+      lastChild.type === 'by_ref' ? (lastChild.firstNamedChild ?? lastChild) : lastChild;
+  } else {
+    loopVarNode =
+      valueOrPair.type === 'by_ref' ? (valueOrPair.firstNamedChild ?? valueOrPair) : valueOrPair;
+  }
+
+  // Loop variable must be a variable_name
+  if (loopVarNode.type !== 'variable_name') return null;
+  const loopVarName = loopVarNode.text; // e.g. '$user'
+
+  // Resolve the element type from the iterable
+  let elementType: string | null = null;
+
+  if (iterableNode.type === 'variable_name') {
+    // foreach ($users as $user) — look up $users in param map
+    const iterableName = iterableNode.text; // e.g. '$users'
+    elementType = paramTypeMap.get(iterableName) ?? null;
+  } else if (iterableNode.type === 'member_access_expression') {
+    // foreach ($this->users as $user) — property name is the field
+    const propNameNode = iterableNode.childForFieldName('name');
+    if (propNameNode !== null) {
+      // Property stored with $ prefix in paramTypeMap (rare for $this->prop patterns)
+      // Try both with and without $ prefix
+      const propKey = '$' + propNameNode.text;
+      elementType = paramTypeMap.get(propKey) ?? null;
+      if (elementType === null) {
+        // Try to find the property type from the enclosing class
+        elementType = findClassPropertyElementType(iterableNode, fnNode);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (iterableNode.type === 'function_call_expression') {
+    // foreach (getUsers() as $user) — use the function name as a type alias.
+    // The function's @return annotation produces a @type-binding.return binding
+    // in the Module scope (e.g. getUsers → User). The scope-extractor's
+    // followChainedRef will resolve $user → getUsers → User.
+    const funcNode = iterableNode.childForFieldName('function');
+    if (funcNode !== null && funcNode.type === 'name') {
+      elementType = funcNode.text; // e.g. 'getUsers' — chain will be resolved later
+    }
+  } else if (iterableNode.type === 'member_call_expression') {
+    // foreach ($this->getUsers() as $user) — use the method name as a type alias.
+    const methodNameNode = iterableNode.childForFieldName('name');
+    if (methodNameNode !== null) {
+      elementType = methodNameNode.text; // e.g. 'getUsers'
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (elementType === null) return null;
+
+  // Anchor the binding inside the foreach body so it's scoped to the loop.
+  const anchorNode = bodyNode ?? foreachNode;
+
+  return {
+    '@type-binding.alias': nodeToCapture('@type-binding.alias', anchorNode),
+    '@type-binding.name': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.name', anchorNode, loopVarName),
+    '@type-binding.type': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.type', anchorNode, elementType),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try to find the element type for `$this->property` member access by walking
+ * up from the foreach to the enclosing class and scanning the property declaration.
+ */
+function findClassPropertyElementType(
+  memberAccessNode: SyntaxNode,
+  fnNode: SyntaxNode,
+): string | null {
+  const propNameNode = memberAccessNode.childForFieldName('name');
+  if (propNameNode === null) return null;
+  const propName = propNameNode.text;
+
+  // Walk up from fnNode to find the enclosing class declaration
+  let cur: SyntaxNode | null = fnNode.parent;
+  while (cur !== null) {
+    if (cur.type === 'class_declaration' || cur.type === 'trait_declaration') {
+      break;
+    }
+    cur = cur.parent;
+  }
+  if (cur === null) return null;
+
+  // Find the property_declaration with matching variable_name '$propName'
+  const declList = cur.childForFieldName('body');
+  if (declList === null) return null;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < declList.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = declList.namedChild(i);
+    if (child === null || child.type !== 'property_declaration') continue;
+    for (let j = 0; j < child.namedChildCount; j++) {
+      const elem = child.namedChild(j);
+      if (elem === null || elem.type !== 'property_element') continue;
+      const varNameNode = elem.firstNamedChild;
+      if (varNameNode === null || varNameNode.text !== '$' + propName) continue;
+      // Found the property — get its element type from @var PHPDoc or native type
+      return extractPropertyElementType(child);
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** Regex for PHPDoc @var: `@var Type` */
+const PHPDOC_VAR_RE = /@var\s+(\S+)/;
+
+/**
+ * Extract element type from a property_declaration node:
+ * 1. PHPDoc @var annotation on a preceding comment sibling
+ * 2. PHP 7.4+ native type field (non-array)
+ */
+function extractPropertyElementType(propDecl: SyntaxNode): string | null {
+  // Strategy 1: PHPDoc @var on a preceding comment sibling
+  let sibling = propDecl.previousSibling;
+  while (sibling !== null) {
+    if (sibling.type === 'comment') {
+      const m = PHPDOC_VAR_RE.exec(sibling.text);
+      if (m !== null) return normalizePhpDocType(m[1]);
+    } else if (sibling.isNamed && !SKIP_SIBLING_TYPES.has(sibling.type)) {
+      break;
+    }
+    sibling = sibling.previousSibling;
+  }
+  // Strategy 2: native type field — skip generic 'array'
+  const typeNode = propDecl.childForFieldName('type');
+  if (typeNode === null) return null;
+  const typeName = typeNode.text.trim();
+  if (typeName === 'array' || typeName === '') return null;
+  return normalizePhpDocType(typeName);
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/import-decomposer.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/import-decomposer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f17456805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/import-decomposer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+/**
+ * Decompose a PHP `namespace_use_declaration` into one or more
+ * `CaptureMatch` objects carrying the synthesized markers
+ * `@import.kind` / `@import.source` / `@import.name` / `@import.alias`
+ * that `interpretPhpImport` consumes.
+ *
+ * PHP import forms handled:
+ *
+ *   use Foo\Bar;                      → namespace, localName=Bar
+ *   use Foo\Bar as Baz;               → alias, localName=Baz
+ *   use function Foo\bar;             → function, localName=bar
+ *   use const Foo\BAR;                → const, localName=BAR
+ *   use Foo\{A, B as C};              → grouped: one match per clause
+ *   use function Foo\{f, g as h};     → grouped function variants
+ *   use const Foo\{X, Y as Z};        → grouped const variants
+ *
+ * Unlike C#'s decomposer this is 1:N — each grouped use_declaration
+ * fans out to one CaptureMatch per inner clause.
+ */
+
+import type { Capture, CaptureMatch } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { nodeToCapture, syntheticCapture, type SyntaxNode } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+
+export type PhpImportKind = 'namespace' | 'alias' | 'function' | 'const';
+
+interface PhpImportSpec {
+  readonly kind: PhpImportKind;
+  /** Full backslash-separated path (backslashes intact): `Foo\Bar\Baz`. */
+  readonly source: string;
+  /** Local binding name — last source segment for plain imports, the
+   *  alias identifier for aliased imports. */
+  readonly name: string;
+  /** Present iff kind === 'alias'. */
+  readonly alias?: string;
+  /** Anchor node for synthesized captures (range-wise). */
+  readonly atNode: SyntaxNode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decompose a `namespace_use_declaration` node into one `CaptureMatch`
+ * per logical import. Returns `[]` when the node is unrecognized or
+ * carries no resolvable clauses.
+ */
+export function splitNamespaceUseDeclaration(stmtNode: SyntaxNode): CaptureMatch[] {
+  if (stmtNode.type !== 'namespace_use_declaration') return [];
+
+  // Detect qualifier keyword: `use function` / `use const`
+  // tree-sitter-php uses a `use_type` or `function`/`const` keyword
+  // child to distinguish them. We scan the raw text before the first
+  // backslash-path child.
+  const qualifier = detectQualifier(stmtNode);
+
+  // Grouped use: `use Foo\{A, B as C}` — find namespace_use_group child.
+  const groupNode = findNamedChild(stmtNode, 'namespace_use_group');
+  if (groupNode !== null) {
+    return decomposeGrouped(stmtNode, groupNode, qualifier);
+  }
+
+  // Single use clause (possibly aliased).
+  const spec = parseSingleUseClause(stmtNode, qualifier);
+  if (spec === null) return [];
+  return [buildImportMatch(stmtNode, spec)];
+}
+
+// ── Qualifier detection ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Return the qualifier keyword appearing after `use`:
+ * `'function'`, `'const'`, or `null` for plain namespace use.
+ *
+ * tree-sitter-php emits the qualifier as a `name` node with text
+ * "function" or "const" (not a keyword token in recent grammars),
+ * or as a dedicated `use_type` node. We inspect the node's raw text
+ * to be grammar-version-agnostic.
+ */
+function detectQualifier(node: SyntaxNode): PhpImportKind {
+  const raw = node.text;
+  // Match `use function` or `use const` at the start (after optional whitespace)
+  if (/^\s*use\s+function\s/i.test(raw)) return 'function';
+  if (/^\s*use\s+const\s/i.test(raw)) return 'const';
+  return 'namespace';
+}
+
+// ── Single clause parsing ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function parseSingleUseClause(node: SyntaxNode, qualifier: PhpImportKind): PhpImportSpec | null {
+  // A plain `namespace_use_declaration` has one or more
+  // `namespace_use_clause` named children (each clause is one import,
+  // comma-separated for multiple).  For the single case there is one.
+  const clause = findNamedChild(node, 'namespace_use_clause');
+  if (clause !== null) return parseUseClause(clause, qualifier);
+
+  // Older grammar versions may put the qualified_name directly under
+  // the declaration node. Check for a qualified_name or name child.
+  const qualName = findNamedChild(node, 'qualified_name') ?? findNamedChild(node, 'name');
+  if (qualName === null) return null;
+  const source = qualName.text.trim();
+  if (source === '') return null;
+  return {
+    kind: qualifier,
+    source,
+    name: lastSegment(source),
+    atNode: node,
+  };
+}
+
+function parseUseClause(clause: SyntaxNode, qualifier: PhpImportKind): PhpImportSpec | null {
+  // namespace_use_clause:
+  //   qualified_name (or name)
+  //   optional: alias_clause → "as" name   (some grammar versions)
+  //   optional: bare name node             (tree-sitter-php ≥ 0.22 emits the
+  //                                         alias as a sibling `name` node
+  //                                         directly, not inside alias_clause)
+  const qualName = findNamedChild(clause, 'qualified_name') ?? findNamedChild(clause, 'name');
+  if (qualName === null) return null;
+  const source = qualName.text.trim();
+  if (source === '') return null;
+
+  // Strategy 1: explicit alias_clause wrapper (older grammar versions).
+  const aliasClause = findNamedChild(clause, 'alias_clause');
+  if (aliasClause !== null) {
+    // alias_clause: "as" name
+    const aliasName = findNamedChild(aliasClause, 'name') ?? aliasClause.firstNamedChild;
+    const alias = aliasName?.text.trim() ?? '';
+    if (alias === '') return null;
+    return {
+      kind: 'alias',
+      source,
+      name: alias,
+      alias,
+      atNode: clause,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Strategy 2: bare sibling `name` node after the qualified_name.
+  // tree-sitter-php (≥ 0.22) emits `use Foo\Bar as Baz` as:
+  //   namespace_use_clause
+  //     qualified_name "Foo\Bar"
+  //     name "Baz"          ← alias, no alias_clause wrapper
+  // Detect by: clause has ≥2 named children AND the last named child is
+  // a `name` node that differs from the qualName node.
+  if (clause.namedChildCount >= 2) {
+    const lastChild = clause.namedChild(clause.namedChildCount - 1);
+    if (lastChild !== null && lastChild !== qualName && lastChild.type === 'name') {
+      const alias = lastChild.text.trim();
+      if (alias !== '') {
+        return {
+          kind: 'alias',
+          source,
+          name: alias,
+          alias,
+          atNode: clause,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    kind: qualifier,
+    source,
+    name: lastSegment(source),
+    atNode: clause,
+  };
+}
+
+// ── Grouped use decomposition ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Decompose `use Foo\Bar\{A, B as C, function f, const X}` into one
+ * `CaptureMatch` per inner clause.
+ *
+ * The leading prefix (`Foo\Bar`) is prepended to each inner path.
+ * Inner clauses can override the qualifier with their own `function` /
+ * `const` keyword inside the group.
+ */
+function decomposeGrouped(
+  stmtNode: SyntaxNode,
+  groupNode: SyntaxNode,
+  outerQualifier: PhpImportKind,
+): CaptureMatch[] {
+  // The prefix is the qualified_name that precedes the `{...}` group.
+  const prefixNode = findNamedChild(stmtNode, 'qualified_name') ?? findNamedChild(stmtNode, 'name');
+  const prefix = prefixNode?.text.trim() ?? '';
+
+  const out: CaptureMatch[] = [];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < groupNode.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = groupNode.namedChild(i);
+    if (child === null) continue;
+
+    // Each child in a group may be:
+    //   namespace_use_clause  — plain or aliased
+    //   namespace_use_type    — `function` or `const` qualifier inside group
+    // We detect an inline qualifier by checking the raw text of the clause.
+    if (child.type !== 'namespace_use_clause') continue;
+
+    const innerQualifier = detectInnerQualifier(child) ?? outerQualifier;
+    const spec = parseInnerClause(child, prefix, innerQualifier);
+    if (spec !== null) {
+      out.push(buildImportMatch(stmtNode, spec));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect an inline qualifier keyword inside a grouped clause.
+ * e.g. `use Foo\{function bar, const BAZ}` — each clause may start with
+ * `function` or `const`.
+ */
+function detectInnerQualifier(clause: SyntaxNode): PhpImportKind | null {
+  const raw = clause.text.trim();
+  if (/^function\s/i.test(raw)) return 'function';
+  if (/^const\s/i.test(raw)) return 'const';
+  return null;
+}
+
+function parseInnerClause(
+  clause: SyntaxNode,
+  prefix: string,
+  qualifier: PhpImportKind,
+): PhpImportSpec | null {
+  const qualName = findNamedChild(clause, 'qualified_name') ?? findNamedChild(clause, 'name');
+  if (qualName === null) return null;
+
+  // Strip inline `function` / `const` text prefix if present in the text.
+  let innerPath = qualName.text.trim();
+  innerPath = innerPath.replace(/^(?:function|const)\s+/i, '').trim();
+  if (innerPath === '') return null;
+
+  const source = prefix !== '' ? `${prefix}\\${innerPath}` : innerPath;
+
+  // Strategy 1: explicit alias_clause wrapper (older grammar versions).
+  const aliasClause = findNamedChild(clause, 'alias_clause');
+  if (aliasClause !== null) {
+    const aliasName = findNamedChild(aliasClause, 'name') ?? aliasClause.firstNamedChild;
+    const alias = aliasName?.text.trim() ?? '';
+    if (alias === '') return null;
+    return {
+      kind: 'alias',
+      source,
+      name: alias,
+      alias,
+      atNode: clause,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Strategy 2: bare sibling `name` node after the qualified_name (tree-sitter-php ≥ 0.22).
+  if (clause.namedChildCount >= 2) {
+    const lastChild = clause.namedChild(clause.namedChildCount - 1);
+    if (lastChild !== null && lastChild !== qualName && lastChild.type === 'name') {
+      const alias = lastChild.text.trim();
+      if (alias !== '') {
+        return {
+          kind: 'alias',
+          source,
+          name: alias,
+          alias,
+          atNode: clause,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    kind: qualifier,
+    source,
+    name: lastSegment(innerPath),
+    atNode: clause,
+  };
+}
+
+// ── CaptureMatch builder ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function buildImportMatch(stmtNode: SyntaxNode, spec: PhpImportSpec): CaptureMatch {
+  const m: Record<string, Capture> = {
+    '@import.statement': nodeToCapture('@import.statement', stmtNode),
+    '@import.kind': syntheticCapture('@import.kind', spec.atNode, spec.kind),
+    '@import.source': syntheticCapture('@import.source', spec.atNode, spec.source),
+    '@import.name': syntheticCapture('@import.name', spec.atNode, spec.name),
+  };
+  if (spec.alias !== undefined) {
+    m['@import.alias'] = syntheticCapture('@import.alias', spec.atNode, spec.alias);
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+// ── Helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/** Last backslash-separated segment: `Foo\Bar\Baz` → `Baz`. */
+function lastSegment(path: string): string {
+  const parts = path.split('\\').filter(Boolean);
+  return parts[parts.length - 1] ?? path;
+}
+
+/** Find the first named child with a given node type. */
+function findNamedChild(node: SyntaxNode, type: string): SyntaxNode | null {
+  for (let i = 0; i < node.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = node.namedChild(i);
+    if (child !== null && child.type === type) return child;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/import-target.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/import-target.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebf7938b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/import-target.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/**
+ * Adapter from `(ParsedImport, WorkspaceIndex)` → concrete file path.
+ *
+ * Delegates to the existing `resolvePhpImportInternal` (PSR-4 via
+ * composer.json + suffix matching fallback). The `WorkspaceIndex` is
+ * opaque at this layer; consumers wire a `PhpResolveContext` shape
+ * carrying `fromFile` + `allFilePaths`.
+ *
+ * `loadPhpComposerConfig` is the `ScopeResolver.loadResolutionConfig`
+ * implementation — it loads `composer.json` once per workspace pass and
+ * threads the parsed config into every subsequent `resolveImportTarget`
+ * call via the opaque `resolutionConfig` parameter.
+ *
+ * Returning `null` lets the finalize algorithm mark the edge as
+ * `linkStatus: 'unresolved'`.
+ */
+
+import type { ParsedImport, WorkspaceIndex } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { resolvePhpImportInternal } from '../../import-resolvers/php.js';
+import type { ComposerConfig } from '../../language-config.js';
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+
+export interface PhpResolveContext {
+  readonly fromFile: string;
+  readonly allFilePaths: ReadonlySet<string>;
+}
+
+// ─── loadResolutionConfig ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Load and parse `composer.json` from the repo root. Returns a
+ * `ComposerConfig` object (PSR-4 namespace → directory mappings) or
+ * `null` when no `composer.json` is present or it cannot be parsed.
+ *
+ * The result is threaded into each `resolvePhpImportInternal` call as
+ * the `composerConfig` argument.
+ */
+export function loadPhpComposerConfig(repoPath: string): ComposerConfig | null {
+  try {
+    const composerPath = join(repoPath, 'composer.json');
+    const raw = readFileSync(composerPath, 'utf8');
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as unknown;
+    if (typeof parsed !== 'object' || parsed === null) return null;
+
+    const composer = parsed as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const autoload = composer['autoload'] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+    if (autoload === undefined) return null;
+
+    const psr4Raw = (autoload['psr-4'] ?? {}) as Record<string, string | string[]>;
+    const psr4 = new Map<string, string>();
+
+    for (const [ns, dirs] of Object.entries(psr4Raw)) {
+      // namespace prefix ends with `\` — keep as-is; resolver strips it
+      const normalizedNs = ns.replace(/\\$/, '');
+      const dir = Array.isArray(dirs) ? dirs[0] : dirs;
+      if (typeof dir === 'string') {
+        // Normalize directory path (strip trailing slash)
+        const normalizedDir = dir.replace(/\/+$/, '');
+        psr4.set(normalizedNs, normalizedDir);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { psr4 };
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── resolvePhpImportTarget ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * LanguageProvider-shaped adapter: `(ParsedImport, WorkspaceIndex) → string | null`.
+ *
+ * The `WorkspaceIndex` is `unknown` in the shared contract. The scope-resolution
+ * orchestrator hands us a `PhpResolveContext`-shaped object; narrow structurally
+ * rather than via a cast chain so unexpected shapes return `null` cleanly.
+ */
+export function resolvePhpImportTarget(
+  parsedImport: ParsedImport,
+  workspaceIndex: WorkspaceIndex,
+): string | null {
+  const ctx = workspaceIndex as PhpResolveContext | undefined;
+  if (
+    ctx === undefined ||
+    typeof (ctx as { fromFile?: unknown }).fromFile !== 'string' ||
+    !((ctx as { allFilePaths?: unknown }).allFilePaths instanceof Set)
+  ) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (parsedImport.kind === 'dynamic-unresolved') return null;
+  if (parsedImport.targetRaw === null || parsedImport.targetRaw === '') return null;
+
+  const allFiles = ctx.allFilePaths as Set<string>;
+  const normalizedFileList = [...allFiles].map((f) => f.replace(/\\/g, '/'));
+  const allFileList = [...allFiles];
+
+  return resolvePhpImportInternal(
+    parsedImport.targetRaw,
+    null, // composerConfig not available through LanguageProvider path
+    allFiles,
+    normalizedFileList,
+    allFileList,
+    undefined,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * ScopeResolver-shaped adapter: `(targetRaw, fromFile, allFilePaths, resolutionConfig?) → string | null`.
+ *
+ * Used inside `scope-resolver.ts`. Accepts the optional `resolutionConfig`
+ * (a `ComposerConfig | null` loaded once per workspace by
+ * `loadPhpComposerConfig`) and threads it into `resolvePhpImportInternal`.
+ */
+export function resolvePhpImportTargetInternal(
+  targetRaw: string,
+  _fromFile: string,
+  allFilePaths: ReadonlySet<string>,
+  resolutionConfig?: unknown,
+): string | null {
+  if (targetRaw === '') return null;
+
+  const composerConfig =
+    resolutionConfig !== undefined && resolutionConfig !== null
+      ? (resolutionConfig as ComposerConfig)
+      : null;
+
+  const allFiles = allFilePaths as Set<string>;
+  const normalizedFileList = [...allFiles].map((f) => f.replace(/\\/g, '/'));
+  const allFileList = [...allFiles];
+
+  return resolvePhpImportInternal(
+    targetRaw,
+    composerConfig,
+    allFiles,
+    normalizedFileList,
+    allFileList,
+    undefined,
+  );
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/index.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b549bc3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * PHP scope-resolution hooks (RFC #909 Ring 3 LANG-php, #938).
+ *
+ * Public API barrel. Consumers should import from this file rather than
+ * the individual modules.
+ *
+ * Module layout (each file is a single concern):
+ *
+ *   - `query.ts`               — tree-sitter query + lazy parser/query singletons
+ *   - `captures.ts`            — `emitPhpScopeCaptures` orchestrator
+ *   - `import-decomposer.ts`   — each `namespace_use_declaration` → ParsedImport captures
+ *   - `interpret.ts`           — capture-match → `ParsedImport` / `ParsedTypeBinding`
+ *   - `simple-hooks.ts`        — small/no-op hooks made explicit
+ *   - `receiver-binding.ts`    — synthesize `$this` / `parent` type-bindings on
+ *                                instance-method entry
+ *   - `merge-bindings.ts`      — PHP `use` precedence (local > import > wildcard)
+ *   - `arity.ts`               — PHP arity compatibility (variadic, defaults)
+ *   - `arity-metadata.ts`      — synthesize arity metadata from declarations
+ *   - `import-target.ts`       — `(ParsedImport, WorkspaceIndex) → file path` adapter
+ *                                wrapping `resolvePhpImportInternal` (PSR-4 + composer.json)
+ *   - `scope-resolver.ts`      — `ScopeResolver` registered in `SCOPE_RESOLVERS`
+ *   - `cache-stats.ts`         — PROF_SCOPE_RESOLUTION cache hit/miss counters
+ *
+ * ## Known limitations
+ *
+ * The PHP registry-primary path intentionally does NOT resolve the following.
+ * Each is a conscious trade-off at migration time.
+ *
+ *   1. **Trait `$this` → using-class binding** — for methods defined in a
+ *      trait, `$this` is synthesized as a binding to the trait itself.
+ *      Resolving `$this` to the actual using-class type requires cross-file
+ *      analysis of all `use TraitName;` declarations in class bodies.
+ *      Deferred to a follow-up; trait method resolution falls back to the
+ *      trait scope.
+ *
+ *   2. **Anonymous classes** — `new class extends Foo { }` have no stable
+ *      class name and are skipped by receiver-binding synthesis. The class
+ *      body is still scoped; member lookups inside it will fall back to
+ *      free-call resolution.
+ *
+ *   3. **Dynamic property/method access** — `$obj->{$name}()` and
+ *      `$$varName` are not followed. The dynamic receiver is ignored and
+ *      the call falls through to the shared free-call resolver.
+ *
+ *   4. **Magic methods** — `__get`, `__set`, `__call`, `__callStatic` are
+ *      not modeled as virtual dispatch; they appear as regular method
+ *      declarations in the graph but calls that would route through them
+ *      at runtime are not distinguished.
+ *
+ *   5. **Laravel facade magic** — `App::make(...)`, `Cache::get(...)` etc.
+ *      resolve statically to the Facade class rather than the underlying
+ *      bound implementation. Deferred to a Laravel-specific plugin.
+ *
+ *   6. **Intersection types in parameters** — `T&U $param` takes the first
+ *      named part (`T`). This matches the legacy type-extractor's behavior.
+ *
+ * Shadow-harness corpus parity is the authoritative signal for which of
+ * these matter in practice. The CI parity gate blocks any PR that regresses
+ * either the legacy or registry-primary run of
+ * `test/integration/resolvers/php.test.ts`.
+ */
+
+export { emitPhpScopeCaptures } from './captures.js';
+export { getPhpCaptureCacheStats, resetPhpCaptureCacheStats } from './cache-stats.js';
+export { interpretPhpImport, interpretPhpTypeBinding } from './interpret.js';
+export { phpMergeBindings } from './merge-bindings.js';
+export { phpArityCompatibility } from './arity.js';
+export { resolvePhpImportTarget, type PhpResolveContext } from './import-target.js';
+export { phpBindingScopeFor, phpImportOwningScope, phpReceiverBinding } from './simple-hooks.js';
+// NOTE: phpScopeResolver is intentionally NOT re-exported from this barrel.
+// Importing it here would create a circular dependency:
+//   php.ts → php/index.js → php/scope-resolver.js → ../php.js
+// Registry and other consumers must import directly from './php/scope-resolver.js'.
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/interpret.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/interpret.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8aa07a736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/interpret.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+/**
+ * Capture-match → semantic-shape interpreters for PHP.
+ *
+ *   - `interpretPhpImport`       → `ParsedImport`
+ *   - `interpretPhpTypeBinding`  → `ParsedTypeBinding`
+ *
+ * Import matches arrive pre-decomposed by `emitPhpScopeCaptures` (one
+ * CaptureMatch per logical import, with synthesized `@import.kind /
+ * source / name / alias` markers). Type-binding matches arrive from
+ * the raw query captures — each `@type-binding.*` anchor carries
+ * `@type-binding.name` + `@type-binding.type`.
+ */
+
+import type { CaptureMatch, ParsedImport, ParsedTypeBinding, TypeRef } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+// ─── interpretImport ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export function interpretPhpImport(captures: CaptureMatch): ParsedImport | null {
+  const kindCap = captures['@import.kind'];
+  const sourceCap = captures['@import.source'];
+  const nameCap = captures['@import.name'];
+  const aliasCap = captures['@import.alias'];
+
+  const kind = kindCap?.text;
+  if (kind === undefined || sourceCap === undefined) return null;
+
+  const source = sourceCap.text.trim();
+  if (source === '') return null;
+
+  switch (kind) {
+    case 'namespace': {
+      // `use Foo\Bar;` — PHP `use` is a NAMED import (binds the class
+      // `Bar`, not the namespace `Foo`). This differs from C# `using`,
+      // which is a true namespace import. Producing 'named' here makes
+      // `new Bar()` resolve to the imported class def.
+      const localName = nameCap?.text.trim() ?? lastSegment(source);
+      return {
+        kind: 'named',
+        localName,
+        importedName: localName,
+        targetRaw: source,
+      };
+    }
+    case 'alias': {
+      // `use Foo\Bar as Baz;`
+      if (aliasCap === undefined) return null;
+      const alias = aliasCap.text.trim();
+      if (alias === '') return null;
+      const importedName = lastSegment(source);
+      return {
+        kind: 'alias',
+        localName: alias,
+        importedName,
+        alias,
+        targetRaw: source,
+      };
+    }
+    case 'function': {
+      // `use function Foo\bar;` — treat as named import; importedName is
+      // the function name (last segment). targetRaw is the full path.
+      const localName = nameCap?.text.trim() ?? lastSegment(source);
+      return {
+        kind: 'named',
+        localName,
+        importedName: localName,
+        targetRaw: source,
+      };
+    }
+    case 'const': {
+      // `use const Foo\BAR;` — same shape as function.
+      const localName = nameCap?.text.trim() ?? lastSegment(source);
+      return {
+        kind: 'named',
+        localName,
+        importedName: localName,
+        targetRaw: source,
+      };
+    }
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── interpretTypeBinding ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export function interpretPhpTypeBinding(captures: CaptureMatch): ParsedTypeBinding | null {
+  const nameCap = captures['@type-binding.name'];
+  const typeCap = captures['@type-binding.type'];
+  if (nameCap === undefined || typeCap === undefined) return null;
+
+  // Determine source from anchor captures. Order: most-specific first.
+  let source: TypeRef['source'] = 'parameter-annotation';
+  if (captures['@type-binding.self'] !== undefined) source = 'self';
+  else if (captures['@type-binding.constructor'] !== undefined) source = 'constructor-inferred';
+  else if (captures['@type-binding.annotation'] !== undefined) source = 'annotation';
+  else if (captures['@type-binding.alias'] !== undefined) source = 'assignment-inferred';
+  else if (captures['@type-binding.return'] !== undefined) source = 'return-annotation';
+
+  let rawType: string | null;
+
+  if (source === 'assignment-inferred') {
+    // `@type-binding.alias` captures cover several assignment RHS shapes:
+    //   - `$alias = $u`               → rawType = '$u'   (variable alias)
+    //   - `$u = getUser()`            → rawType = 'getUser' (callable alias)
+    //   - `$u = new User()`           → rawType = 'User' (constructor — via @type-binding.constructor; handled below)
+    //   - `$role = UserRole::Viewer`  → rawType = 'UserRole' (enum/class constant)
+    //
+    // For variable aliases (`$u`), `normalizePhpType` returns null because
+    // `$` is not a word character. We must preserve the raw `$`-prefixed name
+    // so `followChainedRef` can walk the chain `$alias → $u → User`.
+    // For callable/class names, `normalizePhpType` strips qualifiers correctly.
+    const rawText = typeCap.text.trim();
+    if (rawText.startsWith('$')) {
+      // Variable alias: keep as-is for chain-following.
+      rawType = rawText;
+    } else {
+      rawType = normalizePhpType(rawText);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // All other sources: strip PHP type decoration to get the simple class name:
+    //   ?User → User (nullable prefix)
+    //   User|null → User (union with null/false/void)
+    //   User&Loggable → User (intersection — take first meaningful)
+    //   Collection<User> → User (PHPDoc generic wrapper)
+    //   User[] → User (array suffix)
+    //   \App\Models\User → User (backslash qualifier)
+    rawType = normalizePhpType(typeCap.text.trim());
+  }
+
+  if (rawType === null) return null;
+
+  // PHP variable names include the `$` sigil (e.g. `$user`). Most
+  // bindings keep it because they are looked up via the variable
+  // (`$user->method()` finds binding `$user`). Property field bindings
+  // are different: `$user->address` looks up `address` (no sigil) on
+  // the User class. Property declarations carry source `'annotation'`,
+  // so we strip the leading `$` for that source only.
+  let boundName = nameCap.text.trim();
+  if (source === 'annotation' && boundName.startsWith('$')) {
+    boundName = boundName.slice(1);
+  }
+
+  return { boundName, rawTypeName: rawType, source };
+}
+
+// ─── Type normalization ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a PHP type string to a simple class identifier, or `null`
+ * when the type is uninformative (primitive, void, mixed, self, etc.).
+ *
+ * Rules applied in order:
+ *   1. Strip nullable prefix `?`
+ *   2. Split on `|` (union) — keep only if exactly one non-null part
+ *   3. Take first part of `&` intersection
+ *   4. Strip array suffix `[]`
+ *   5. Strip generic wrapper `Collection<User>` → `User`
+ *   6. Canonicalize leading backslash off: `\App\Models\User` → `App\Models\User`
+ *   7. Reject PHP primitive / pseudo types
+ *
+ * The qualified form is preserved on `TypeRef.rawName` so downstream PHP
+ * receiver resolution can distinguish `\App\Other\User` from a same-simple-name
+ * `User` reachable via `use`. Without this, fully-qualified type hints collapse
+ * to ambiguous simple names and resolve against the caller's scope chain
+ * instead of the explicit target the source named (Codex PR #1497 review,
+ * finding 1).
+ */
+export function normalizePhpType(raw: string): string | null {
+  // 1. Strip nullable prefix
+  let type = raw.startsWith('?') ? raw.slice(1).trim() : raw;
+
+  // 2. Union type — keep only if one non-null/false/void part remains
+  if (type.includes('|')) {
+    const parts = type
+      .split('|')
+      .map((p) => p.trim())
+      .filter((p) => p !== 'null' && p !== 'false' && p !== 'void' && p !== 'mixed' && p !== '');
+    if (parts.length !== 1) return null;
+    type = parts[0];
+  }
+
+  // 3. Intersection type — take the first part
+  if (type.includes('&')) {
+    const first = type.split('&')[0].trim();
+    if (first === '') return null;
+    type = first;
+  }
+
+  // 4. Strip array suffix
+  if (type.endsWith('[]')) type = type.slice(0, -2).trim();
+
+  // 5. Strip single-arg generic wrapper: Collection<User> → User
+  //    Qualified inner types (Collection<\App\Models\User>) survive — the
+  //    capture group preserves whatever the writer named.
+  const genericMatch = type.match(/^\w[\w\\]*\s*<([^,<>]+)>$/);
+  if (genericMatch) {
+    type = genericMatch[1].trim();
+  }
+
+  // 6. Canonicalize leading backslash off — keep the qualified path intact.
+  //    `\App\Models\User` → `App\Models\User`. `App\Models\User` → unchanged.
+  //    Unqualified `User` stays as `User`. The qualified form is the lookup
+  //    key into the workspace QualifiedNameIndex (PHP defs are indexed by
+  //    namespace-joined qualifiedName); the leading-backslash distinction in
+  //    source is only an "absolute path" anchor, not part of the canonical key.
+  if (type.startsWith('\\')) type = type.replace(/^\\+/, '');
+
+  // 7. Reject primitives / pseudo-types
+  if (isPrimitiveOrPseudo(type)) return null;
+
+  // Must be a (possibly qualified) PHP identifier — segments of word chars
+  // separated by single backslashes. Empty segments (consecutive backslashes,
+  // trailing backslash) are rejected.
+  if (!/^\w+(?:\\\w+)*$/.test(type)) return null;
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+const PHP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES = new Set([
+  'int',
+  'integer',
+  'float',
+  'double',
+  'string',
+  'bool',
+  'boolean',
+  'array',
+  'object',
+  'callable',
+  'iterable',
+  'null',
+  'void',
+  'never',
+  'mixed',
+  'false',
+  'true',
+  'self',
+  'static',
+  'parent',
+]);
+
+function isPrimitiveOrPseudo(type: string): boolean {
+  return PHP_PRIMITIVE_TYPES.has(type.toLowerCase());
+}
+
+/** Last backslash-separated segment: `Foo\Bar\Baz` → `Baz`. */
+function lastSegment(path: string): string {
+  const parts = path.split('\\').filter(Boolean);
+  return parts[parts.length - 1] ?? path;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/merge-bindings.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/merge-bindings.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..257496550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/merge-bindings.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * PHP shadowing precedence for the `mergeBindings` hook.
+ *
+ * Tier ranking (lower wins in shadowing):
+ *
+ *   - 0: `local` — a class member, method, local variable, or parameter
+ *        declared in this scope.
+ *   - 1: `import` / `namespace` / `reexport` — `use Foo\Bar;`,
+ *        `use Foo\Bar as Baz;`, `use function`, `use const`.
+ *        All use-statement flavors that introduce a name sit at this tier.
+ *   - 2: `wildcard` — grouped uses / wildcard imports (deferred; mapped
+ *        here for completeness).
+ *
+ * Within a surviving tier we de-dup by `DefId`, last-write-wins so a
+ * `use` re-declared further down the file cleanly replaces the earlier
+ * binding.
+ */
+
+import type { BindingRef } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+const TIER_LOCAL = 0;
+const TIER_IMPORT = 1;
+const TIER_WILDCARD = 2;
+const TIER_UNKNOWN = 3;
+
+function tierOf(b: BindingRef): number {
+  switch (b.origin) {
+    case 'local':
+      return TIER_LOCAL;
+    case 'reexport':
+    case 'import':
+    case 'namespace':
+      return TIER_IMPORT;
+    case 'wildcard':
+      return TIER_WILDCARD;
+    default:
+      return TIER_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+}
+
+export function phpMergeBindings(bindings: readonly BindingRef[]): readonly BindingRef[] {
+  if (bindings.length === 0) return bindings;
+
+  let bestTier = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+  for (const b of bindings) bestTier = Math.min(bestTier, tierOf(b));
+  const survivors = bindings.filter((b) => tierOf(b) === bestTier);
+
+  const seen = new Map<string, BindingRef>();
+  for (const b of survivors) seen.set(b.def.nodeId, b);
+  return [...seen.values()];
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/namespace-siblings.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/namespace-siblings.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20b99d971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/namespace-siblings.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/**
+ * PHP same-namespace cross-file visibility.
+ *
+ * In PHP, every class declared in `namespace Foo\Bar` is visible to all
+ * other files in the same namespace WITHOUT an explicit `use` statement.
+ * Without this pass, `Service.php` (namespace `App\Services`) can't see
+ * `User` declared in `Models.php` (namespace `App\Models`) unless
+ * `UserService.php` has an explicit `use App\Models\User` statement.
+ *
+ * More importantly, A.php (namespace `App\Models`) can return `Greeting`
+ * (same namespace `App\Models`) without importing it, and the compound-
+ * receiver resolver needs to find `Greeting` as a class binding in the
+ * scope chain.
+ *
+ * Implementation mirrors C#'s `namespace-siblings.ts`:
+ *   1. Extract the declared namespace from each PHP file's source.
+ *   2. Group class-like defs by namespace.
+ *   3. Inject sibling class defs into each file's Module scope's
+ *      `bindingAugmentations` with `origin: 'namespace'`.
+ *   4. Also mirror return-type bindings from same-namespace siblings
+ *      so cross-file chain-follow finds return types without explicit imports.
+ *
+ * Uses the PHP tree-sitter parser (via the lazy singleton in `query.ts`)
+ * to extract namespace declarations — same AST that `extractParsedFile`
+ * already parsed, reused via `treeCache` to avoid double-parsing.
+ */
+
+import type { BindingRef, ParsedFile, Scope, ScopeId, SymbolDefinition } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import type { ScopeResolutionIndexes } from '../../model/scope-resolution-indexes.js';
+import { getPhpParser } from './query.js';
+import { getTreeSitterBufferSize } from '../../constants.js';
+import { parseSourceSafe } from '../../../tree-sitter/safe-parse.js';
+
+// ─── PHP file structure extraction ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+interface PhpFileStructure {
+  /** The declared namespace (backslash-separated), or '' for global namespace. */
+  readonly namespace: string;
+}
+
+type PhpTree = ReturnType<ReturnType<typeof getPhpParser>['parse']>;
+
+/**
+ * Extract the declared namespace from a PHP file's source.
+ * Uses the cached AST tree when available to avoid re-parsing.
+ */
+function extractPhpFileStructure(content: string, cachedTree: unknown): PhpFileStructure {
+  const tree =
+    (cachedTree as PhpTree | undefined) ??
+    parseSourceSafe(getPhpParser(), content, undefined, {
+      bufferSize: getTreeSitterBufferSize(content),
+    });
+
+  // Walk top-level nodes looking for namespace_definition.
+  // PHP files have at most one namespace declaration (PSR-4 convention).
+  // `namespace_definition` has a `name:` field of type `namespace_name`.
+  const root = tree.rootNode;
+  for (let i = 0; i < root.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = root.namedChild(i);
+    if (child === null) continue;
+    if (child.type === 'namespace_definition') {
+      const nameNode = child.childForFieldName('name');
+      if (nameNode !== null) {
+        return { namespace: nameNode.text };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { namespace: '' };
+}
+
+// ─── Augmentation bucket helper ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function getAugmentationBucket(
+  augmentations: Map<ScopeId, Map<string, BindingRef[]>>,
+  scopeId: ScopeId,
+  name: string,
+): BindingRef[] {
+  let scopeBindings = augmentations.get(scopeId);
+  if (scopeBindings === undefined) {
+    scopeBindings = new Map<string, BindingRef[]>();
+    augmentations.set(scopeId, scopeBindings);
+  }
+  let bucket = scopeBindings.get(name);
+  if (bucket === undefined) {
+    bucket = [];
+    scopeBindings.set(name, bucket);
+  }
+  return bucket;
+}
+
+function isClassLikeDef(def: SymbolDefinition): boolean {
+  return (
+    def.type === 'Class' ||
+    def.type === 'Interface' ||
+    def.type === 'Struct' ||
+    def.type === 'Enum' ||
+    def.type === 'Trait'
+  );
+}
+
+// ─── Public entry point ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export interface PhpSiblingInputs {
+  readonly fileContents: ReadonlyMap<string, string>;
+  readonly treeCache?: { get(filePath: string): unknown };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Side-channel cache populated by `populatePhpNamespaceSiblings` so that
+ * later visibility-check hooks (e.g., `isCallableVisibleFromCaller`) can
+ * look up a file's PHP namespace without re-parsing. Cleared at the start
+ * of every populate run so stale entries don't leak across resolutions.
+ */
+const namespaceByFilePath = new Map<string, string>();
+
+/**
+ * Read the cached PHP namespace for a given filePath. Returns `''` (global)
+ * when the file has no namespace_definition or hasn't been processed yet.
+ * Callers should only consult this AFTER either `populatePhpClassQualifiedNames`
+ * or `populatePhpNamespaceSiblings` has run for the current resolution.
+ */
+export function getPhpNamespaceForFile(filePath: string): string {
+  return namespaceByFilePath.get(filePath) ?? '';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inject same-namespace class defs and return-type bindings into each
+ * PHP file's Module scope's `bindingAugmentations`. This makes classes
+ * in the same PHP namespace visible to each other without explicit `use`
+ * statements, mirroring PHP's actual runtime behavior.
+ *
+ * Uses `origin: 'namespace'` so `phpMergeBindings` tiers it below
+ * explicit `use` imports (`origin: 'import'`) and local declarations.
+ */
+export function populatePhpNamespaceSiblings(
+  parsedFiles: readonly ParsedFile[],
+  indexes: ScopeResolutionIndexes,
+  inputs: PhpSiblingInputs,
+): void {
+  // Step 1: extract namespace structure for each file. Also seed the
+  // side-channel cache used by visibility-check hooks downstream.
+  namespaceByFilePath.clear();
+  const structureByFile = new Map<string, PhpFileStructure>();
+  for (const parsed of parsedFiles) {
+    const content = inputs.fileContents.get(parsed.filePath);
+    if (content === undefined) continue;
+    const cachedTree = inputs.treeCache?.get(parsed.filePath);
+    const struct = extractPhpFileStructure(content, cachedTree);
+    structureByFile.set(parsed.filePath, struct);
+    namespaceByFilePath.set(parsed.filePath, struct.namespace);
+  }
+
+  // Step 2: group class-like defs and module scopes by namespace.
+  interface NamespaceBucket {
+    readonly scopes: { filePath: string; scopeId: ScopeId; scope: Scope }[];
+    readonly classDefs: SymbolDefinition[];
+  }
+  const buckets = new Map<string, NamespaceBucket>();
+  const getBucket = (ns: string): NamespaceBucket => {
+    let b = buckets.get(ns);
+    if (b === undefined) {
+      b = { scopes: [], classDefs: [] };
+      buckets.set(ns, b);
+    }
+    return b;
+  };
+
+  for (const parsed of parsedFiles) {
+    const struct = structureByFile.get(parsed.filePath);
+    if (struct === undefined) continue;
+    const ns = struct.namespace;
+    const bucket = getBucket(ns);
+
+    // Register the file's module scope in the bucket.
+    const moduleScope = parsed.scopes.find((s) => s.kind === 'Module');
+    if (moduleScope !== undefined) {
+      bucket.scopes.push({
+        filePath: parsed.filePath,
+        scopeId: moduleScope.id,
+        scope: moduleScope,
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Collect class-like defs declared at the top-level of this file
+    // (defs in Class or Module scopes, excluding nested inner classes).
+    for (const scope of parsed.scopes) {
+      if (scope.kind !== 'Class') continue;
+      // Only top-level class scopes (parent is Module or Namespace scope).
+      if (scope.parent === null) continue;
+      const parentScope = parsed.scopes.find((s) => s.id === scope.parent);
+      if (
+        parentScope === undefined ||
+        (parentScope.kind !== 'Module' && parentScope.kind !== 'Namespace')
+      ) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      for (const def of scope.ownedDefs) {
+        if (isClassLikeDef(def)) {
+          bucket.classDefs.push(def);
+          break; // one class-like per scope
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const augmentations = indexes.bindingAugmentations as Map<ScopeId, Map<string, BindingRef[]>>;
+
+  // Step 3: For each namespace bucket, inject sibling class bindings
+  // into every file's Module scope (that is NOT the declaring file).
+  for (const [, bucket] of buckets) {
+    // Build name → def map (simple name of qualifiedName).
+    const defsByName = new Map<string, SymbolDefinition[]>();
+    for (const def of bucket.classDefs) {
+      const q = def.qualifiedName ?? '';
+      const simpleName = q.includes('.')
+        ? q.slice(q.lastIndexOf('.') + 1)
+        : q.includes('\\')
+          ? q.slice(q.lastIndexOf('\\') + 1)
+          : q;
+      if (simpleName === '') continue;
+      const arr = defsByName.get(simpleName) ?? [];
+      arr.push(def);
+      defsByName.set(simpleName, arr);
+    }
+
+    for (const { filePath, scopeId, scope } of bucket.scopes) {
+      for (const [name, defs] of defsByName) {
+        // Skip if already locally declared (origin: 'local' wins).
+        const local = scope.bindings.get(name);
+        if (local !== undefined && local.some((b) => b.origin === 'local')) continue;
+
+        for (const def of defs) {
+          if (def.filePath === filePath) continue; // don't self-inject
+          const arr = getAugmentationBucket(augmentations, scopeId, name);
+          if (arr.some((b) => b.def.nodeId === def.nodeId)) continue;
+          arr.push({ def, origin: 'namespace' });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 3b: Inject fully-qualified-name bindings into every PHP file's
+  // Module scope. PHP `\App\Models\User` (leading-backslash FQN) and
+  // `App\Models\User` (already-qualified relative) on a parameter or
+  // typed receiver must resolve to the exact namespace-qualified class
+  // regardless of which simple-name `User` the caller's `use` imports
+  // shadowed. The shared `findClassBindingInScope` scope-chain walk
+  // consumes these augmentations via `lookupBindingsAt`, so adding the
+  // qualified key on every file's module scope routes FQN-receivers to
+  // the right def. Codex PR #1497 review, finding 1.
+  //
+  // Cost: O(PHP files × class-like defs in the workspace) augmentation
+  // entries. Bounded and acceptable in practice — typical PHP projects
+  // have hundreds of files and classes, not tens of thousands.
+  for (const parsed of parsedFiles) {
+    const moduleScope = parsed.scopes.find((s) => s.kind === 'Module');
+    if (moduleScope === undefined) continue;
+    const moduleScopeId = moduleScope.id;
+
+    for (const [ns, bucket] of buckets) {
+      if (ns === '') continue; // global-namespace classes have no qualified form to register
+      for (const def of bucket.classDefs) {
+        const q = def.qualifiedName ?? '';
+        const simpleName = q.includes('\\') ? q.slice(q.lastIndexOf('\\') + 1) : q;
+        if (simpleName === '') continue;
+        const fqn = `${ns}\\${simpleName}`;
+        const arr = getAugmentationBucket(augmentations, moduleScopeId, fqn);
+        if (arr.some((b) => b.def.nodeId === def.nodeId)) continue;
+        arr.push({ def, origin: 'namespace' });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 4: Mirror return-type bindings from same-namespace sibling files.
+  // This enables chain-follow like `$c->greet()->save()` where `greet()`
+  // returns `Greeting` (declared in A.php, same namespace) and `Greeting`
+  // isn't imported in the calling file. Without this, the compound-receiver
+  // resolver can't resolve `Greeting` as a class binding in the importer's
+  // scope chain.
+  //
+  // Additionally, mirror from files that are imported via `use` (different
+  // namespace) so return types from dependencies are chain-followable too.
+  for (const parsed of parsedFiles) {
+    const moduleScope = parsed.scopes.find((s) => s.kind === 'Module');
+    if (moduleScope === undefined) continue;
+    const moduleTypeBindings = moduleScope.typeBindings as Map<
+      string,
+      import('gitnexus-shared').TypeRef
+    >;
+
+    const struct = structureByFile.get(parsed.filePath);
+    const ownNs = struct?.namespace ?? '';
+
+    // Collect namespaces accessible from this file:
+    // 1. Own namespace (same-ns siblings)
+    // 2. Namespaces of directly imported files (via parsedImports → targetRaw → PSR-4 namespace)
+    const accessibleFiles = new Set<string>();
+
+    // Same-namespace siblings.
+    const sameBucket = buckets.get(ownNs);
+    if (sameBucket !== undefined) {
+      for (const { filePath } of sameBucket.scopes) {
+        if (filePath !== parsed.filePath) accessibleFiles.add(filePath);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Files directly imported by this file (finalized import edges).
+    const ownModuleScopeBindings = indexes.bindings.get(moduleScope.id);
+    if (ownModuleScopeBindings !== undefined) {
+      for (const [, refs] of ownModuleScopeBindings) {
+        for (const ref of refs) {
+          if (ref.origin === 'import' || ref.origin === 'namespace') {
+            const importFilePath = ref.def.filePath;
+            if (importFilePath !== parsed.filePath) {
+              accessibleFiles.add(importFilePath);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Mirror return-type bindings from accessible files.
+    for (const srcFilePath of accessibleFiles) {
+      const srcParsed = parsedFiles.find((p) => p.filePath === srcFilePath);
+      if (srcParsed === undefined) continue;
+      const srcModuleScope = srcParsed.scopes.find((s) => s.kind === 'Module');
+      if (srcModuleScope === undefined) continue;
+      for (const [boundName, typeRef] of srcModuleScope.typeBindings) {
+        if (moduleTypeBindings.has(boundName)) continue;
+        moduleTypeBindings.set(boundName, typeRef);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/query.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/query.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa84c911f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/query.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+/**
+ * Tree-sitter query for PHP scope captures (RFC #909 Ring 3 LANG-php).
+ *
+ * Captures the structural skeleton the generic scope-resolution pipeline
+ * consumes: scopes (program/namespace/class/function), declarations
+ * (class-likes, method-likes, properties, variables), imports
+ * (namespace_use_declaration), type bindings (parameter annotations,
+ * property types, constructor-inferred locals, return types), and
+ * references (call sites, member writes).
+ *
+ * PHP specifics that shape this query:
+ *
+ *   - `namespace_use_declaration` is an import only at top level / inside
+ *     namespace blocks. Class-body `use_declaration` (trait-use) is a
+ *     different node type and is NOT captured here.
+ *
+ *   - `object_creation_expression` has `name` and `qualified_name` as
+ *     direct children (no wrapping node).
+ *
+ *   - `method_declaration` exposes a `return_type:` named field containing
+ *     a `type` node, which may be `named_type`, `optional_type`, etc.
+ *
+ *   - `property_element` has a `name:` field of type `variable_name`.
+ *
+ *   - `variable_name` nodes always include the `$` sigil in their text.
+ *
+ * Exposes lazy `Parser` and `Query` singletons so callers don't pay
+ * tree-sitter init cost per file.
+ */
+
+import Parser from 'tree-sitter';
+import Php from 'tree-sitter-php';
+
+// tree-sitter-php exports `{ php, php_only, html }` in recent versions, or the
+// language directly in older versions.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: must match the grammar used by the central parse phase
+// (`src/core/tree-sitter/parser-loader.ts` line: `[SupportedLanguages.PHP]: PHP.php_only`).
+// Using a different grammar variant causes tree-sitter to throw when running
+// a query built against grammar A on a tree parsed by grammar B — this error
+// is swallowed by `scope-extractor-bridge.ts`, producing silent empty results.
+const Php_typed = Php as unknown as { php_only?: unknown; php?: unknown };
+const PHP_LANG = Php_typed.php_only ?? Php_typed.php ?? Php;
+
+const PHP_SCOPE_QUERY = `
+;; ── Scopes ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+(program) @scope.module
+
+;; Both block-scoped and statement-scoped namespace declarations.
+(namespace_definition) @scope.namespace
+
+(class_declaration)     @scope.class
+(interface_declaration) @scope.class
+(trait_declaration)     @scope.class
+(enum_declaration)      @scope.class
+
+(method_declaration)                        @scope.function
+(function_definition)                       @scope.function
+(anonymous_function)                        @scope.function
+(arrow_function)                            @scope.function
+
+;; ── Declarations — types ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+(class_declaration
+  name: (name) @declaration.name) @declaration.class
+
+(interface_declaration
+  name: (name) @declaration.name) @declaration.interface
+
+(trait_declaration
+  name: (name) @declaration.name) @declaration.trait
+
+(enum_declaration
+  name: (name) @declaration.name) @declaration.enum
+
+;; ── Declarations — methods / functions / constructors ─────────────────────
+
+(method_declaration
+  name: (name) @declaration.name) @declaration.method
+
+(function_definition
+  name: (name) @declaration.name) @declaration.function
+
+;; ── Declarations — properties ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+;; PHP 7.4+ typed property: private UserRepo $repo;
+;; property_element has name: (variable_name) field.
+;; Emits BOTH a declaration (so SemanticModel registers the property) AND a type-binding.
+(property_declaration
+  type: (_) @type-binding.type
+  (property_element
+    name: (variable_name) @type-binding.name)) @type-binding.annotation
+
+(property_declaration
+  type: (_)
+  (property_element
+    name: (variable_name) @declaration.name)) @declaration.property
+
+;; Untyped property: public $id; — capture as plain declaration.
+(property_declaration
+  (property_element
+    name: (variable_name) @declaration.name)) @declaration.variable
+
+;; ── Imports — namespace_use_declaration ───────────────────────────────────
+;;
+;; Captures ALL forms: plain, alias, function/const qualifiers, and grouped.
+;; The import-decomposer in captures.ts fans out grouped uses.
+;;
+;; NOTE: class-body use_declaration = trait-use, NOT an import.
+;; Only namespace_use_declaration (top-level / namespace scope) is an import.
+
+(namespace_use_declaration) @import.statement
+
+;; ── Type bindings — parameters ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+;; simple_parameter with a type hint: function f(User $u)
+;; type field is a 'type' supertype (named_type, optional_type, union_type, etc.)
+(simple_parameter
+  type: (_) @type-binding.type
+  name: (variable_name) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.parameter
+
+;; property_promotion_parameter: function __construct(private User $u)
+;; Emits type-binding so the constructor body can resolve $u as the typed param.
+(property_promotion_parameter
+  type: (_) @type-binding.type
+  name: (variable_name) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.parameter
+
+;; Also emit a @type-binding.annotation for the promoted parameter so that
+;; phpBindingScopeFor can hoist it to the Class scope (stripping the $ sigil).
+;; This enables compound-receiver resolution: $user->address->save() resolves
+;; address → Address via the Class scope's typeBindings.
+;; The @type-binding.parameter above stays for constructor-body resolution ($address).
+(property_promotion_parameter
+  type: (_) @type-binding.type
+  name: (variable_name) @type-binding.name) @type-binding.annotation
+
+;; Also emit a @declaration.property so SemanticModel registers the promoted
+;; parameter as a class-owned property (enabling $obj->propName lookups).
+(property_promotion_parameter
+  name: (variable_name) @declaration.name) @declaration.property
+
+;; ── Type bindings — local assignment: $u = new User() ─────────────────────
+
+;; new ClassName() — name is a direct child of object_creation_expression
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (variable_name) @type-binding.name
+  right: (object_creation_expression
+    (name) @type-binding.type)) @type-binding.constructor
+
+;; new Foo\Bar\ClassName() — qualified_name wraps name
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (variable_name) @type-binding.name
+  right: (object_creation_expression
+    (qualified_name
+      (name) @type-binding.type))) @type-binding.constructor
+
+;; ── Type bindings — $alias = $u (identifier alias) ───────────────────────
+
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (variable_name) @type-binding.name
+  right: (variable_name) @type-binding.type) @type-binding.alias
+
+;; ── Type bindings — $u = factory() (free call return alias) ──────────────
+
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (variable_name) @type-binding.name
+  right: (function_call_expression
+    function: (name) @type-binding.type)) @type-binding.alias
+
+;; ── Type bindings — $u = $svc->getUser() (method call return alias) ───────
+
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (variable_name) @type-binding.name
+  right: (member_call_expression
+    name: (name) @type-binding.type)) @type-binding.alias
+
+;; ── Type bindings — method return type ───────────────────────────────────
+
+;; method_declaration exposes return_type: field (type node supertype).
+;; named_type wraps the class name: function getUser(): User
+(method_declaration
+  name: (name) @type-binding.name
+  return_type: (named_type
+    (name) @type-binding.type)) @type-binding.return
+
+;; nullable return type via optional_type: function getUser(): ?User
+(method_declaration
+  name: (name) @type-binding.name
+  return_type: (optional_type
+    (named_type
+      (name) @type-binding.type))) @type-binding.return
+
+;; function_definition (top-level or namespace-level) return type: User
+;; Enables cross-file return-type propagation for free functions.
+(function_definition
+  name: (name) @type-binding.name
+  return_type: (named_type
+    (name) @type-binding.type)) @type-binding.return
+
+;; nullable return type for function_definition: ?User
+(function_definition
+  name: (name) @type-binding.name
+  return_type: (optional_type
+    (named_type
+      (name) @type-binding.type))) @type-binding.return
+
+;; ── References — free calls: foo() ───────────────────────────────────────
+
+(function_call_expression
+  function: (name) @reference.name) @reference.call.free
+
+;; ── References — member calls: $obj->method() ────────────────────────────
+;;
+;; SAFETY-INVARIANT (Finding 1 of PR #1497 adversarial review): the name:
+;; field is constrained to (name), NOT (_) — tree-sitter-php emits
+;; variable_name nodes for dynamic method names ($obj->$method(),
+;; $obj->{$method}()). Keeping the pattern at (name) is what suppresses
+;; capture of those dynamic shapes. The resolver is structural-only and
+;; cannot infer the bound method name from runtime values; relaxing this
+;; pattern to (_) would silently emit zero-confidence false-positive
+;; edges. Regression: test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/.
+
+(member_call_expression
+  object: (_) @reference.receiver
+  name: (name) @reference.name) @reference.call.member
+
+;; ── References — null-safe member calls: $obj?->method() (PHP 8+) ─────────
+
+(nullsafe_member_call_expression
+  object: (_) @reference.receiver
+  name: (name) @reference.name) @reference.call.member
+
+;; ── References — static calls: X::method() ───────────────────────────────
+;;
+;; Same SAFETY-INVARIANT as member_call_expression above: name: (name)
+;; deliberately excludes variable_name so Class::$method() and
+;; $className::$method() shapes do not capture. The receiver field uses
+;; (_) because static dispatch on a variable receiver
+;; ($className::method()) IS captured — but resolution falls through
+;; harmlessly when $className has no class type binding. See
+;; php-dynamic-calls/ regression suite.
+
+(scoped_call_expression
+  scope: (_) @reference.receiver
+  name: (name) @reference.name) @reference.call.member
+
+;; ── Type bindings — $x = X::Constant or $x = X::CASE (enum case) ─────────
+;; Binds the variable to the class name X so member calls on $x dispatch
+;; to X's methods (e.g. UserRole::Viewer → label()).
+;;
+;; tree-sitter-php emits class_constant_access_expression with two name
+;; children: [0]=class/enum name, [1]=constant/case name. The dot-anchor
+;; before (name) matches only the FIRST name child (the class).
+
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (variable_name) @type-binding.name
+  right: (class_constant_access_expression
+    . (name) @type-binding.type)) @type-binding.alias
+
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (variable_name) @type-binding.name
+  right: (class_constant_access_expression
+    (qualified_name
+      (name) @type-binding.type))) @type-binding.alias
+
+;; ── Type bindings — $x = SomeClass::staticFactory() ──────────────────────
+;; Binds $x to the type returned by the static factory method, anchored on
+;; the method name (chain-follow resolves the actual return type later).
+
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (variable_name) @type-binding.name
+  right: (scoped_call_expression
+    name: (name) @type-binding.type)) @type-binding.alias
+
+;; ── Type bindings — null-safe member-call result: $x = $a?->getY() ───────
+
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (variable_name) @type-binding.name
+  right: (nullsafe_member_call_expression
+    name: (name) @type-binding.type)) @type-binding.alias
+
+;; ── References — constructor calls: new User() ───────────────────────────
+
+(object_creation_expression
+  (name) @reference.name) @reference.call.constructor
+
+(object_creation_expression
+  (qualified_name
+    (name) @reference.name)) @reference.call.constructor
+
+;; ── References — member writes: $obj->prop = $x ──────────────────────────
+
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (member_access_expression
+    object: (_) @reference.receiver
+    name: (name) @reference.name)) @reference.write.member
+
+;; ── References — static property writes: User::$count = $x ──────────────
+;; Uses @reference.write.static anchor so captures.ts can strip the leading
+;; $ from the variable_name capture (static props are stored without $ in graph).
+;;
+;; SAFETY-INVARIANT (Finding 2 of PR #1497 adversarial review): no
+;; read-access property capture exists in this query — dynamic property
+;; reads ($obj->$prop, $obj->{$prop}) produce no captures, which is the
+;; desired behavior for a structural-only resolver. Adding a read pattern
+;; in the future MUST keep name: (name) (not (_)) to preserve the
+;; suppression. Regression: php-dynamic-calls/ fixture dynamicPropertyRead.
+
+(assignment_expression
+  left: (scoped_property_access_expression
+    scope: (_) @reference.receiver
+    name: (variable_name) @reference.name)) @reference.write.static
+`;
+
+let _parser: Parser | null = null;
+let _query: Parser.Query | null = null;
+
+export function getPhpParser(): Parser {
+  if (_parser === null) {
+    _parser = new Parser();
+    _parser.setLanguage(PHP_LANG as Parameters<Parser['setLanguage']>[0]);
+  }
+  return _parser;
+}
+
+export function getPhpScopeQuery(): Parser.Query {
+  if (_query === null) {
+    _query = new Parser.Query(PHP_LANG as Parameters<Parser['setLanguage']>[0], PHP_SCOPE_QUERY);
+  }
+  return _query;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/receiver-binding.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/receiver-binding.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79709fe61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/receiver-binding.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesize `@type-binding.self` captures for PHP instance methods —
+ * one for `$this` (always on non-static methods inside a type
+ * declaration) and optionally one for `parent` (only on class methods
+ * when the enclosing class has an explicit `base_clause`).
+ *
+ * Mirrors `languages/csharp/receiver-binding.ts` in structure. PHP's
+ * grammar doesn't give us a clean `.scm` pattern for "implicit receiver
+ * on every instance method inside an enclosing type" because `$this` is
+ * not a parameter — it's an implicit receiver. Synthesis in code is the
+ * same approach C# uses for `this` / `base`.
+ *
+ * ## Known limitations
+ *
+ *   - **Trait `$this`**: for methods defined in a trait, `$this` is
+ *     synthesized as a binding to the trait itself. The actual using-class
+ *     type is not known at single-file parse time. V1 limitation —
+ *     documented in `index.ts`.
+ *   - **Anonymous classes**: skipped (no stable enclosing class name).
+ */
+
+import type { Capture, CaptureMatch } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { nodeToCapture, syntheticCapture, type SyntaxNode } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+
+const TYPE_DECL_NODE_TYPES = new Set([
+  'class_declaration',
+  'interface_declaration',
+  'trait_declaration',
+  'enum_declaration',
+]);
+
+const FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES = new Set([
+  'method_declaration',
+  'function_definition',
+  'anonymous_function',
+  'arrow_function',
+]);
+
+/** Walk up to find the enclosing type declaration. */
+function findEnclosingTypeDeclaration(node: SyntaxNode): SyntaxNode | null {
+  let cur: SyntaxNode | null = node.parent;
+  while (cur !== null) {
+    if (TYPE_DECL_NODE_TYPES.has(cur.type)) return cur;
+    cur = cur.parent;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function typeName(typeNode: SyntaxNode): string | null {
+  return typeNode.childForFieldName('name')?.text ?? null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the base class name from a `base_clause` child of the class node.
+ * `base_clause` contains a `qualified_name` or `name` child.
+ */
+function baseClauseText(typeNode: SyntaxNode): string | null {
+  for (let i = 0; i < typeNode.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = typeNode.namedChild(i);
+    if (child === null || child.type !== 'base_clause') continue;
+    const nameNode = child.firstNamedChild;
+    if (nameNode === null) return null;
+    // Take last segment of qualified name (e.g. \App\Models\BaseModel → BaseModel)
+    const text = nameNode.text.trim();
+    const segments = text.split('\\').filter(Boolean);
+    return segments[segments.length - 1] ?? text;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** Check whether this method has a `static_modifier` child. */
+function isStaticMethod(fnNode: SyntaxNode): boolean {
+  for (let i = 0; i < fnNode.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = fnNode.namedChild(i);
+    if (child !== null && child.type === 'static_modifier') return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build zero, one, or two `@type-binding.self` matches for `fnNode`:
+ *
+ *  - Returns `[]` if the function is free (no enclosing type), static,
+ *    or the enclosing type has no resolvable name.
+ *  - Returns one match (`$this`) for non-static methods inside a
+ *    class / trait / interface / enum body.
+ *  - Returns two matches (`$this` + `parent`) only when the function
+ *    lives in a `class_declaration` that has an explicit `base_clause`.
+ *
+ * The caller is responsible for guaranteeing
+ * `FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.has(fnNode.type)`.
+ */
+export function synthesizePhpReceiverBinding(fnNode: SyntaxNode): CaptureMatch[] {
+  if (!FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.has(fnNode.type)) return [];
+  if (isStaticMethod(fnNode)) return [];
+
+  const enclosingType = findEnclosingTypeDeclaration(fnNode);
+  if (enclosingType === null) return [];
+
+  // Anonymous class — skip (no stable name).
+  if (enclosingType.type === 'anonymous_class_declaration') return [];
+
+  const enclosingName = typeName(enclosingType);
+  if (enclosingName === null) return [];
+
+  // Anchor the synthesized captures to the method body (compound_statement)
+  // so they land inside the function scope, not at the class scope.
+  // For interface/abstract methods that have no body, skip.
+  const bodyNode =
+    fnNode.childForFieldName('body') ??
+    // arrow_function: body is the expression after `=>`
+    fnNode.childForFieldName('return_value');
+  if (bodyNode === null) return [];
+
+  const out: CaptureMatch[] = [];
+  out.push(buildReceiverMatch(bodyNode, '$this', enclosingName));
+
+  // `parent` applies only to class methods with an explicit base_clause.
+  if (enclosingType.type === 'class_declaration') {
+    const baseText = baseClauseText(enclosingType);
+    if (baseText !== null) {
+      out.push(buildReceiverMatch(bodyNode, 'parent', baseText));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+function buildReceiverMatch(anchorNode: SyntaxNode, name: string, typeText: string): CaptureMatch {
+  const m: Record<string, Capture> = {
+    '@type-binding.self': nodeToCapture('@type-binding.self', anchorNode),
+    '@type-binding.name': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.name', anchorNode, name),
+    '@type-binding.type': syntheticCapture('@type-binding.type', anchorNode, typeText),
+  };
+  return m;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/scope-resolver.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/scope-resolver.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b1fcf41b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/scope-resolver.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+/**
+ * PHP `ScopeResolver` registered in `SCOPE_RESOLVERS` and consumed by
+ * the generic `runScopeResolution` orchestrator (RFC #909 Ring 3 LANG-php).
+ *
+ * Third migration after Python and C#. See `pythonScopeResolver` for the
+ * canonical shape.
+ *
+ * ## Circular-import avoidance
+ *
+ * The old PR had `php/scope-resolver.ts` importing `phpProvider` from
+ * `../php.js` while `php.ts` imported `phpScopeResolver` from `./php/index.js`
+ * — undefined at module load. The canonical fix (mirroring C#):
+ *
+ *   - `scope-resolver.ts` imports `phpProvider` from `../php.js` ✓
+ *   - `php.ts` imports individual hook FUNCTIONS from `./php/index.js` ✗
+ *
+ * Node's ESM handles the cycle correctly because `phpProvider` is a named
+ * export that is live-binding — by the time `phpScopeResolver` is first
+ * read (lazily, at resolution time), `phpProvider` is fully initialized.
+ */
+
+import type { ParsedFile } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { buildMro, defaultLinearize } from '../../scope-resolution/passes/mro.js';
+import {
+  findReceiverTypeBinding,
+  populateClassOwnedMembers,
+} from '../../scope-resolution/scope/walkers.js';
+import type { ScopeResolver } from '../../scope-resolution/contract/scope-resolver.js';
+import type { KnowledgeGraph } from '../../../graph/types.js';
+import type { GraphNodeLookup } from '../../scope-resolution/graph-bridge/node-lookup.js';
+import {
+  resolveCallerGraphId,
+  resolveDefGraphId,
+} from '../../scope-resolution/graph-bridge/ids.js';
+import { narrowOverloadCandidates } from '../../scope-resolution/passes/overload-narrowing.js';
+import type { SemanticModel } from '../../model/semantic-model.js';
+import type { ScopeResolutionIndexes } from '../../model/scope-resolution-indexes.js';
+import type { SymbolDefinition } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { phpProvider } from '../php.js';
+import { phpArityCompatibility, phpMergeBindings } from './index.js';
+import { resolvePhpImportTargetInternal, loadPhpComposerConfig } from './import-target.js';
+import { populatePhpNamespaceSiblings, getPhpNamespaceForFile } from './namespace-siblings.js';
+
+/**
+ * PHP MRO builder — extends the generic EXTENDS-only MRO with trait-use
+ * relationships encoded as IMPLEMENTS edges.
+ *
+ * PHP trait-use (`use TraitName;` inside a class body) is recorded in the
+ * graph as an IMPLEMENTS edge from the using class to the Trait node. The
+ * generic `buildMro` only walks EXTENDS edges, so trait methods are invisible
+ * to the MRO-based dispatch index. This variant:
+ *
+ *   1. Runs the generic `buildMro` (EXTENDS edges, Class defs only).
+ *   2. Indexes Trait defs from `parsedFiles` alongside Class defs.
+ *   3. Walks IMPLEMENTS edges; for each edge whose target resolves to a
+ *      Trait DefId, prepends that Trait DefId to the source class's MRO.
+ *
+ * Trait methods are searched BEFORE parent-class methods (PHP semantics:
+ * a trait method shadows the parent-class method but is overridden by the
+ * using class's own methods).
+ */
+/**
+ * PHP free-call visibility check for `pickUniqueGlobalCallable`. Returns
+ * true when the candidate function is reachable from the caller's PHP
+ * namespace context, false when the cross-namespace bridge would be a
+ * false positive (e.g., `\App\Utils\format` is not visible from `\App`
+ * without an explicit `use function App\Utils\format;`).
+ *
+ * Rules (PHP semantics):
+ *   1. Same-namespace candidates are always visible.
+ *   2. Global-namespace candidates (no namespace prefix) are visible from
+ *      every caller — PHP's global fallback for functions/constants.
+ *   3. Candidates in a different namespace are visible only when the
+ *      caller has a `use function` import that matches the candidate's
+ *      fully-qualified name.
+ */
+function phpIsCallableVisibleFromCaller(ctx: {
+  callerParsed: ParsedFile;
+  candidate: SymbolDefinition;
+}): boolean {
+  const { callerParsed, candidate } = ctx;
+  const callerNs = getPhpNamespaceForFile(callerParsed.filePath);
+  const candNs = getPhpNamespaceForFile(candidate.filePath);
+
+  // Global-namespace candidate: PHP falls back to global for functions
+  // and constants when the local namespace doesn't define them.
+  if (candNs === '') return true;
+
+  // Same-namespace: caller can see the candidate without an explicit use.
+  if (candNs === callerNs) return true;
+
+  // Cross-namespace: require an explicit `use function` import in the
+  // caller's parsedImports that matches the candidate's fully-qualified
+  // name. interpret.ts maps `use function Foo\bar` to a named import with
+  // localName = 'bar' and targetRaw = 'Foo\\bar'.
+  const candQualified =
+    candidate.qualifiedName === undefined
+      ? ''
+      : candNs !== '' && !candidate.qualifiedName.includes('\\')
+        ? `${candNs}\\${candidate.qualifiedName}`
+        : candidate.qualifiedName;
+  if (candQualified === '') return false;
+  return callerParsed.parsedImports.some(
+    (imp) =>
+      imp.kind === 'named' &&
+      imp.targetRaw.replace(/^\\+/, '') === candQualified.replace(/^\\+/, ''),
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute the EXTENDS-only ancestor chain for every class — no trait
+ * augmentation. PHP semantics: `parent::method()` walks this view so
+ * that `parent::` resolves to the parent class's method, even when a
+ * composed trait shadows the same name.
+ *
+ * Returns the same shape as `buildPhpMro` so callers can swap views
+ * without changing dispatch logic. Just `buildMro` + `defaultLinearize`
+ * — no trait IMPLEMENTS edge walk.
+ */
+function buildPhpExtendsOnlyMro(
+  graph: KnowledgeGraph,
+  parsedFiles: readonly ParsedFile[],
+  nodeLookup: GraphNodeLookup,
+): Map<string, string[]> {
+  return buildMro(graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup, defaultLinearize);
+}
+
+function buildPhpMro(
+  graph: KnowledgeGraph,
+  parsedFiles: readonly ParsedFile[],
+  nodeLookup: GraphNodeLookup,
+): Map<string, string[]> {
+  // Step 1: run generic MRO (Class-only, EXTENDS-only).
+  const mro = buildMro(graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup, defaultLinearize);
+
+  // Step 2: build a graphId → defId map for ALL class-like defs including Traits.
+  // After the `isLinkableLabel` fix, Trait nodes are now indexed in nodeLookup.
+  const defIdByGraphId = new Map<string, string>();
+  for (const parsed of parsedFiles) {
+    for (const def of parsed.localDefs) {
+      if (def.type !== 'Class' && def.type !== 'Trait') continue;
+      const graphId = resolveDefGraphId(parsed.filePath, def, nodeLookup);
+      if (graphId !== undefined) defIdByGraphId.set(graphId, def.nodeId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 2b: build a Set of Trait defIds for O(1) trait-vs-interface checks.
+  const traitDefIds = new Set<string>();
+  for (const parsed of parsedFiles) {
+    for (const def of parsed.localDefs) {
+      if (def.type === 'Trait') traitDefIds.add(def.nodeId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 3: collect direct trait-use edges (IMPLEMENTS where target is a Trait).
+  // Maps class/trait defId → [traitDefId, ...] for direct `use TraitName;`.
+  const directTraitUse = new Map<string, string[]>();
+  for (const rel of graph.iterRelationshipsByType('IMPLEMENTS')) {
+    const sourceDefId = defIdByGraphId.get(rel.sourceId);
+    if (sourceDefId === undefined) continue;
+    const targetDefId = defIdByGraphId.get(rel.targetId);
+    if (targetDefId === undefined) continue;
+    if (!traitDefIds.has(targetDefId)) continue;
+
+    let list = directTraitUse.get(sourceDefId);
+    if (list === undefined) {
+      list = [];
+      directTraitUse.set(sourceDefId, list);
+    }
+    if (!list.includes(targetDefId)) list.push(targetDefId);
+  }
+
+  // Step 4: augment every class's MRO by prepending the traits used by
+  // any class in its ancestor chain (transitively closed). PHP semantics:
+  // a trait used by a parent class is also visible on the child, and a
+  // trait-using-trait chain is flattened to a single ancestor set.
+  //
+  // For each class, walk its (already-computed) EXTENDS-based MRO and
+  // collect all transitively-used traits via BFS — `trait A { use B; }
+  // trait B { use C; } class X { use A; }` must include C in X's MRO.
+  // Prepend them before the EXTENDS ancestors so the method dispatch
+  // index finds trait methods before falling back to the parent class
+  // hierarchy.
+  for (const [classDefId, extendsMro] of mro) {
+    const ancestorChain = [classDefId, ...extendsMro];
+    const seeds: string[] = [];
+    for (const ancestorId of ancestorChain) {
+      for (const traitId of directTraitUse.get(ancestorId) ?? []) {
+        seeds.push(traitId);
+      }
+    }
+    const allTraits = collectTransitiveTraits(seeds, directTraitUse);
+
+    if (allTraits.length > 0) {
+      // Prepend traits before EXTENDS ancestors: own class's traits first,
+      // then parent traits (in ancestor order). This ensures trait methods
+      // are found before falling back to the inheritance chain.
+      mro.set(classDefId, [...allTraits, ...extendsMro]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 5: also insert Trait-only entries for classes that use traits
+  // directly but have no EXTENDS parents (not in `mro` yet).
+  for (const [classDefId, traits] of directTraitUse) {
+    if (!mro.has(classDefId) && !traitDefIds.has(classDefId)) {
+      // Class with no EXTENDS but with trait-use — add to MRO map.
+      const allTraits = collectTransitiveTraits([...traits], directTraitUse);
+      mro.set(classDefId, allTraits);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return mro;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collect the transitive closure of traits reachable from the seed set.
+ * BFS over `directTraitUse` until fixpoint. The `seen` set guards against
+ * cycles (invalid PHP but defensively handled) and prevents duplicate
+ * entries when multiple seeds converge on the same trait. Insertion order
+ * is preserved — first-seen wins for MRO ordering.
+ */
+function collectTransitiveTraits(
+  seeds: readonly string[],
+  directTraitUse: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly string[]>,
+): string[] {
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+  const queue: string[] = [...seeds];
+  while (queue.length > 0) {
+    const t = queue.shift()!;
+    if (seen.has(t)) continue;
+    seen.add(t);
+    out.push(t);
+    for (const next of directTraitUse.get(t) ?? []) {
+      if (!seen.has(next)) queue.push(next);
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Emit CALLS edges for PHP member-call sites whose receiver has no type
+ * binding (e.g. `mixed`-typed parameters, untyped variables).
+ *
+ * PHP is dynamically typed: a parameter declared as `mixed` (or with no
+ * type hint) cannot be resolved by the generic receiver-bound pass, which
+ * requires a `TypeRef` in scope. This hook does a workspace-wide method
+ * name lookup: when exactly one def in the workspace matches the called
+ * method name, emit the CALLS edge.
+ *
+ * Only fires for sites that are NOT already in `handledSites` and whose
+ * receiver has no type binding in the scope chain. Unique-name-match
+ * constraint avoids false positives for common method names.
+ */
+function phpEmitUnresolvedReceiverEdges(
+  graph: KnowledgeGraph,
+  scopes: ScopeResolutionIndexes,
+  parsedFiles: readonly ParsedFile[],
+  nodeLookup: GraphNodeLookup,
+  handledSites: Set<string>,
+  model: SemanticModel,
+): number {
+  let emitted = 0;
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+
+  for (const parsed of parsedFiles) {
+    for (const site of parsed.referenceSites) {
+      if (site.kind !== 'call') continue;
+      if (site.explicitReceiver === undefined) continue;
+
+      const siteKey = `${parsed.filePath}:${site.atRange.startLine}:${site.atRange.startCol}`;
+      if (handledSites.has(siteKey)) continue;
+
+      // Only proceed when the receiver has NO type binding — it's unresolvable
+      // by the generic pass. This is the `mixed` / unannotated case.
+      const typeRef = findReceiverTypeBinding(site.inScope, site.explicitReceiver.name, scopes);
+      if (typeRef !== undefined) continue;
+
+      // Workspace-wide lookup: collect all methods matching the called name.
+      // Filter out defs with no qualifiedName (legacy parse stubs without full
+      // metadata) and deduplicate by nodeId so reconcileOwnership double-registration
+      // doesn't inflate the count.
+      const allCandidates = model.methods.lookupMethodByName(site.name);
+      const seen2 = new Set<string>();
+      const candidates = allCandidates.filter((c) => {
+        if (c.qualifiedName === undefined) return false;
+        if (seen2.has(c.nodeId)) return false;
+        seen2.add(c.nodeId);
+        return true;
+      });
+      if (candidates.length !== 1) continue; // ambiguous or missing — skip
+
+      const fnDef = candidates[0];
+      if (fnDef === undefined) continue;
+
+      // Apply arity narrowing — a unique method name match is not enough
+      // when arity says the call is definitively incompatible (e.g., PHP
+      // f(int $req, ...$rest) called with zero args). This prevents the
+      // fallback from emitting edges that the receiver-bound pass already
+      // rejected for arity reasons.
+      if (narrowOverloadCandidates([fnDef], site.arity, site.argumentTypes).length === 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Tighten the fallback further with an EXACT-required-arity gate
+      // (Finding 8 / U4): the first-stage `narrowOverloadCandidates`
+      // accepts any argCount in `min..max` (or `>= min` when variadic),
+      // which over-emits 0.6-confidence edges for common method names
+      // whose only workspace candidate has optional / defaulted params.
+      // For the fallback path only, require argCount === required for
+      // fixed-arity candidates. Variadic candidates keep the relaxed
+      // `argCount >= required` semantics (already enforced by the first-
+      // stage check, so no extra work here).
+      const min = fnDef.requiredParameterCount;
+      const hasVarArgs =
+        fnDef.parameterTypes !== undefined &&
+        fnDef.parameterTypes.some((t) => t === '...' || t.startsWith('...'));
+      if (
+        min !== undefined &&
+        Number.isFinite(site.arity) &&
+        site.arity >= 0 &&
+        !hasVarArgs &&
+        site.arity !== min
+      ) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const callerGraphId = resolveCallerGraphId(site.inScope, scopes, nodeLookup);
+      if (callerGraphId === undefined) continue;
+      const tgtGraphId = resolveDefGraphId(fnDef.filePath, fnDef, nodeLookup);
+      if (tgtGraphId === undefined) continue;
+
+      handledSites.add(siteKey);
+      const relId = `rel:CALLS:${callerGraphId}->${tgtGraphId}`;
+      if (seen.has(relId)) continue;
+      seen.add(relId);
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: relId,
+        sourceId: callerGraphId,
+        targetId: tgtGraphId,
+        type: 'CALLS',
+        confidence: 0.6,
+        reason: 'php-unresolved-receiver-fallback',
+      });
+      emitted++;
+    }
+  }
+  return emitted;
+}
+
+const phpScopeResolver: ScopeResolver = {
+  language: SupportedLanguages.PHP,
+  languageProvider: phpProvider,
+  importEdgeReason: 'php-scope: use',
+
+  resolveImportTarget: (targetRaw, fromFile, allFilePaths, resolutionConfig) =>
+    resolvePhpImportTargetInternal(targetRaw, fromFile, allFilePaths, resolutionConfig),
+
+  loadResolutionConfig: (repoPath) => loadPhpComposerConfig(repoPath),
+
+  // PHP LEGB-like precedence: local > import/namespace/reexport > wildcard.
+  // The per-scope id is unused by phpMergeBindings (tier ordering computed
+  // purely from BindingRef.origin), so we don't synthesize a Scope.
+  mergeBindings: (existing, incoming) => [...phpMergeBindings([...existing, ...incoming])],
+
+  // Adapter: phpArityCompatibility uses (def, callsite); the contract is (callsite, def).
+  arityCompatibility: (callsite, def) => phpArityCompatibility(def, callsite),
+
+  buildMro: (graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup) => buildPhpMro(graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup),
+
+  // PHP-specific: parent::method() must walk inheritance only, skipping
+  // composed traits. See buildPhpExtendsOnlyMro and the super-branch use
+  // in `passes/receiver-bound-calls.ts`.
+  buildExtendsOnlyMro: (graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup) =>
+    buildPhpExtendsOnlyMro(graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup),
+
+  // PHP free-call visibility: cross-namespace candidates are blocked
+  // unless explicitly `use function`-imported by the caller. Prevents
+  // false-positive CALLS edges between unrelated namespaces sharing a
+  // function name. Same-namespace and global-namespace candidates pass
+  // unchanged.
+  isCallableVisibleFromCaller: phpIsCallableVisibleFromCaller,
+
+  populateOwners: (parsed: ParsedFile) => populateClassOwnedMembers(parsed),
+
+  // PHP same-namespace cross-file visibility — classes in the same
+  // PHP namespace are visible without explicit `use` statements.
+  // Mirrors C#'s `populateNamespaceSiblings`.
+  populateNamespaceSiblings: populatePhpNamespaceSiblings,
+
+  // PHP uses `parent` for super-class dispatch (not `super()`).
+  isSuperReceiver: (text) => text.trim() === 'parent',
+
+  // PHP is dynamically typed — field-fallback heuristic on so that
+  // method calls on `mixed`-typed receivers (no annotation) fall back
+  // to a workspace-wide name search rather than silently dropping the edge.
+  fieldFallbackOnMethodLookup: true,
+
+  // PHP: allow free-call fallback to unique workspace-wide callable when
+  // lexical/import bindings miss. Needed for two cases:
+  //   1. `use function` imports where PSR-4 directory resolution is
+  //      non-deterministic (multiple .php files in same namespace dir).
+  //   2. Unimported free calls within the same namespace (same-namespace
+  //      visibility without an explicit use statement, e.g. test fixtures).
+  allowGlobalFreeCallFallback: true,
+
+  // Return-type propagation on — PHP method signatures are authoritative
+  // enough for cross-file chain-follow.
+  propagatesReturnTypesAcrossImports: true,
+
+  // PHP hoists method return-type bindings to the Module scope so
+  // `propagateImportedReturnTypes` can pick them up across files.
+  hoistTypeBindingsToModule: true,
+
+  // PHP recovers member calls on `mixed`/untyped receivers via a
+  // workspace-wide unique-method-name lookup, mirroring the legacy DAG.
+  emitUnresolvedReceiverEdges: phpEmitUnresolvedReceiverEdges,
+};
+
+export { phpScopeResolver };
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/simple-hooks.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/simple-hooks.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89a9a2658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/php/simple-hooks.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/**
+ * Trivial / no-op-ish hooks for the PHP provider. Made explicit so
+ * reviewers don't have to re-derive the analysis from "absence == default".
+ */
+
+import type {
+  CaptureMatch,
+  ParsedImport,
+  Scope,
+  ScopeId,
+  ScopeTree,
+  TypeRef,
+} from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+// ─── bindingScopeFor ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * PHP method return-type bindings (`@type-binding.return`) must hoist
+ * to the enclosing Module scope so `propagateImportedReturnTypes` can
+ * mirror them across files. Without this hoist, the return binding gets
+ * stuck at the Class scope and is invisible to the cross-file propagation
+ * pass that reads only `sourceModule.typeBindings`.
+ *
+ * All other bindings delegate to the default "innermost scope" rule.
+ */
+export function phpBindingScopeFor(
+  decl: CaptureMatch,
+  innermost: Scope,
+  tree: ScopeTree,
+): ScopeId | null {
+  if (decl['@type-binding.return'] !== undefined) {
+    let cur: Scope | undefined = innermost;
+    while (cur !== undefined && cur.kind !== 'Module') {
+      const parentId: ScopeId | null = cur.parent ?? null;
+      if (parentId === null) break;
+      cur = tree.getScope(parentId);
+    }
+    if (cur !== undefined && cur.kind === 'Module') return cur.id;
+  }
+
+  // Constructor-promoted properties (`function __construct(public User $u)`)
+  // are declared inside the constructor's Function scope in the AST, but they
+  // are class-owned fields. Hoist the @declaration.property binding to the
+  // enclosing Class scope so `populateClassOwnedMembers` assigns the correct
+  // ownerId and `findOwnedMember` can resolve `$obj->u`.
+  if (decl['@declaration.property'] !== undefined && innermost.kind === 'Function') {
+    let cur: Scope | undefined = innermost;
+    while (cur !== undefined && cur.kind !== 'Class') {
+      const parentId: ScopeId | null = cur.parent ?? null;
+      if (parentId === null) break;
+      cur = tree.getScope(parentId);
+    }
+    if (cur !== undefined && cur.kind === 'Class') return cur.id;
+  }
+
+  // Constructor-promoted property TYPE BINDING (`function __construct(public Address $address)`)
+  // produces both a @type-binding.parameter (stays in Function scope for `$address` lookups
+  // inside the constructor body) AND a @type-binding.annotation (query.ts). The annotation
+  // capture is emitted so this hoist branch can place `address → Address` in the CLASS scope.
+  //
+  // The compound-receiver resolver (`resolveCompoundReceiverClass`) reads typeBindings from
+  // the class scope: `cs.typeBindings.get('address')`. Without hoisting, `$user->address->save()`
+  // fails to resolve `address` because the type binding is in the constructor's Function scope.
+  //
+  // `@type-binding.annotation` for a promoted param appears with innermost = Function scope
+  // (the constructor). Regular typed class properties (`private Address $addr;`) have their
+  // annotation already in the Class scope, so this branch only fires for promoted params.
+  if (decl['@type-binding.annotation'] !== undefined && innermost.kind === 'Function') {
+    let cur: Scope | undefined = innermost;
+    while (cur !== undefined && cur.kind !== 'Class') {
+      const parentId: ScopeId | null = cur.parent ?? null;
+      if (parentId === null) break;
+      cur = tree.getScope(parentId);
+    }
+    if (cur !== undefined && cur.kind === 'Class') return cur.id;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+// ─── importOwningScope ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Determine which scope owns a `use` import declaration.
+ *
+ *   - `use` inside `namespace Foo { }` → attach to that Namespace scope.
+ *   - Top-level `use` (no enclosing namespace) → innermost (Module).
+ *   - `use TraitName;` inside a class body → this is a trait-use
+ *     (heritage), NOT a namespace import. The grammar emits
+ *     `use_declaration` for trait-use (distinct from
+ *     `namespace_use_declaration`). Our query only captures
+ *     `namespace_use_declaration`, so trait-use never reaches this hook
+ *     in practice. Returning `null` here is a safety fallback.
+ */
+export function phpImportOwningScope(
+  _imp: ParsedImport,
+  innermost: Scope,
+  _tree: ScopeTree,
+): ScopeId | null {
+  // Namespace-scoped or module-scoped imports attach to the innermost scope
+  // (either Namespace or Module). Class-scoped imports should not occur for
+  // namespace_use_declaration; if they do, attach to the class scope.
+  if (
+    innermost.kind === 'Namespace' ||
+    innermost.kind === 'Module' ||
+    innermost.kind === 'Class' ||
+    innermost.kind === 'Function'
+  ) {
+    return innermost.id;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// ─── receiverBinding ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Look up `$this` or `parent` in the function scope's type bindings.
+ *
+ * Both are synthesized as `@type-binding.self` captures during capture
+ * emission (`receiver-binding.ts`) — `$this` for every non-static
+ * method inside a class/trait/interface/enum body, `parent` additionally
+ * for class methods with an explicit `base_clause`.
+ *
+ * Returns `null` for:
+ *   - static methods (no `$this` synthesized)
+ *   - free functions (no enclosing class)
+ *   - non-Function scopes
+ */
+export function phpReceiverBinding(functionScope: Scope): TypeRef | null {
+  if (functionScope.kind !== 'Function') return null;
+  return (
+    functionScope.typeBindings.get('$this') ?? functionScope.typeBindings.get('parent') ?? null
+  );
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/parsing-processor.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/parsing-processor.ts
index 7559b26bc..04a17db4f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/parsing-processor.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/parsing-processor.ts
@@ -82,6 +82,88 @@ export interface WorkerExtractedData {
 // Worker-based parallel parsing
 // ============================================================================
 
+/**
+ * Merge a list of `ParseWorkerResult`s into the running graph + symbol
+ * table state and produce the chunk-aggregated `WorkerExtractedData`.
+ *
+ * Extracted from `processParsingWithWorkers` so the same merge logic can
+ * be applied to both freshly-parsed worker output AND cached worker
+ * output replayed during incremental analyze. Idempotent on the
+ * accumulator fields (push-only); idempotent on graph if the caller
+ * starts from a clean graph (otherwise duplicate `addNode` calls are
+ * silently no-op'd by `KnowledgeGraph`).
+ */
+export const mergeChunkResults = (
+  graph: KnowledgeGraph,
+  symbolTable: SymbolTableWriter,
+  chunkResults: readonly ParseWorkerResult[],
+): WorkerExtractedData => {
+  const allImports: ExtractedImport[] = [];
+  const allCalls: ExtractedCall[] = [];
+  const allAssignments: ExtractedAssignment[] = [];
+  const allHeritage: ExtractedHeritage[] = [];
+  const allRoutes: ExtractedRoute[] = [];
+  const allFetchCalls: ExtractedFetchCall[] = [];
+  const allDecoratorRoutes: ExtractedDecoratorRoute[] = [];
+  const allToolDefs: ExtractedToolDef[] = [];
+  const allORMQueries: ExtractedORMQuery[] = [];
+  const allConstructorBindings: FileConstructorBindings[] = [];
+  const fileScopeBindingsByFile: FileScopeBindings[] = [];
+  const allParsedFiles: ParsedFile[] = [];
+
+  for (const result of chunkResults) {
+    for (const node of result.nodes) {
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: node.id,
+        label: node.label as NodeLabel,
+        properties: node.properties,
+      });
+    }
+    for (const rel of result.relationships) {
+      graph.addRelationship(rel);
+    }
+    for (const sym of result.symbols) {
+      symbolTable.add(sym.filePath, sym.name, sym.nodeId, sym.type, {
+        parameterCount: sym.parameterCount,
+        requiredParameterCount: sym.requiredParameterCount,
+        parameterTypes: sym.parameterTypes,
+        returnType: sym.returnType,
+        declaredType: sym.declaredType,
+        ownerId: sym.ownerId,
+        qualifiedName: sym.qualifiedName,
+      });
+    }
+    for (const item of result.imports) allImports.push(item);
+    for (const item of result.calls) allCalls.push(item);
+    for (const item of result.assignments) allAssignments.push(item);
+    for (const item of result.heritage) allHeritage.push(item);
+    for (const item of result.routes) allRoutes.push(item);
+    for (const item of result.fetchCalls) allFetchCalls.push(item);
+    for (const item of result.decoratorRoutes) allDecoratorRoutes.push(item);
+    for (const item of result.toolDefs) allToolDefs.push(item);
+    if (result.ormQueries) for (const item of result.ormQueries) allORMQueries.push(item);
+    for (const item of result.constructorBindings) allConstructorBindings.push(item);
+    if (result.fileScopeBindings)
+      for (const item of result.fileScopeBindings) fileScopeBindingsByFile.push(item);
+    if (result.parsedFiles) for (const item of result.parsedFiles) allParsedFiles.push(item);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    imports: allImports,
+    calls: allCalls,
+    assignments: allAssignments,
+    heritage: allHeritage,
+    routes: allRoutes,
+    fetchCalls: allFetchCalls,
+    decoratorRoutes: allDecoratorRoutes,
+    toolDefs: allToolDefs,
+    ormQueries: allORMQueries,
+    constructorBindings: allConstructorBindings,
+    fileScopeBindings: fileScopeBindingsByFile,
+    parsedFiles: allParsedFiles,
+  };
+};
+
 const processParsingWithWorkers = async (
   graph: KnowledgeGraph,
   files: { path: string; content: string }[],
@@ -89,6 +171,14 @@ const processParsingWithWorkers = async (
   astCache: ASTCache,
   workerPool: WorkerPool,
   onFileProgress?: FileProgressCallback,
+  /**
+   * When provided, populated with the raw worker results before merging.
+   * Used by the incremental-indexing parse cache to capture the per-chunk
+   * worker output for caching across runs. The mutation happens in-place
+   * so the caller (parse-impl) can keep a reference. See
+   * `gitnexus/src/storage/parse-cache.ts`.
+   */
+  outRawResults?: ParseWorkerResult[],
 ): Promise<WorkerExtractedData> => {
   // Filter to parseable files only
   const parseableFiles: ParseWorkerInput[] = [];
@@ -123,63 +213,16 @@ const processParsingWithWorkers = async (
     },
   );
 
-  // Merge results from all workers into graph and symbol table
-  const allImports: ExtractedImport[] = [];
-  const allCalls: ExtractedCall[] = [];
-  const allAssignments: ExtractedAssignment[] = [];
-  const allHeritage: ExtractedHeritage[] = [];
-  const allRoutes: ExtractedRoute[] = [];
-  const allFetchCalls: ExtractedFetchCall[] = [];
-  const allDecoratorRoutes: ExtractedDecoratorRoute[] = [];
-  const allToolDefs: ExtractedToolDef[] = [];
-  const allORMQueries: ExtractedORMQuery[] = [];
-  const allConstructorBindings: FileConstructorBindings[] = [];
-  const fileScopeBindingsByFile: FileScopeBindings[] = [];
-  const allParsedFiles: ParsedFile[] = [];
-  for (const result of chunkResults) {
-    for (const node of result.nodes) {
-      graph.addNode({
-        id: node.id,
-        label: node.label as NodeLabel,
-        properties: node.properties,
-      });
-    }
-
-    for (const rel of result.relationships) {
-      graph.addRelationship(rel);
-    }
-
-    for (const sym of result.symbols) {
-      symbolTable.add(sym.filePath, sym.name, sym.nodeId, sym.type, {
-        parameterCount: sym.parameterCount,
-        requiredParameterCount: sym.requiredParameterCount,
-        parameterTypes: sym.parameterTypes,
-        returnType: sym.returnType,
-        declaredType: sym.declaredType,
-        ownerId: sym.ownerId,
-        qualifiedName: sym.qualifiedName,
-      });
-    }
-
-    for (const item of result.imports) allImports.push(item);
-    for (const item of result.calls) allCalls.push(item);
-    for (const item of result.assignments) allAssignments.push(item);
-    for (const item of result.heritage) allHeritage.push(item);
-    for (const item of result.routes) allRoutes.push(item);
-    for (const item of result.fetchCalls) allFetchCalls.push(item);
-    for (const item of result.decoratorRoutes) allDecoratorRoutes.push(item);
-    for (const item of result.toolDefs) allToolDefs.push(item);
-    if (result.ormQueries) for (const item of result.ormQueries) allORMQueries.push(item);
-    for (const item of result.constructorBindings) allConstructorBindings.push(item);
-    if (result.fileScopeBindings)
-      for (const item of result.fileScopeBindings) fileScopeBindingsByFile.push(item);
-    // RFC #909 Ring 2: aggregate per-file scope artifacts. Tolerant of
-    // workers that don't emit the field yet (older worker builds or
-    // partial rollouts), since the additive contract means undefined =
-    // "this worker produced no ParsedFiles for this chunk".
-    if (result.parsedFiles) for (const item of result.parsedFiles) allParsedFiles.push(item);
+  // Capture the raw chunk results for the incremental parse cache before
+  // merging — the cache stores the unmerged worker output so a future run
+  // can re-merge them into a fresh graph state.
+  if (outRawResults) {
+    for (const r of chunkResults) outRawResults.push(r);
   }
 
+  // Merge results from all workers into graph and symbol table.
+  const merged = mergeChunkResults(graph, symbolTable, chunkResults);
+
   // Merge and log skipped languages from workers
   const skippedLanguages = new Map<string, number>();
   for (const result of chunkResults) {
@@ -196,20 +239,7 @@ const processParsingWithWorkers = async (
 
   // Final progress
   onFileProgress?.(total, total, 'done');
-  return {
-    imports: allImports,
-    calls: allCalls,
-    assignments: allAssignments,
-    heritage: allHeritage,
-    routes: allRoutes,
-    fetchCalls: allFetchCalls,
-    decoratorRoutes: allDecoratorRoutes,
-    toolDefs: allToolDefs,
-    ormQueries: allORMQueries,
-    constructorBindings: allConstructorBindings,
-    fileScopeBindings: fileScopeBindingsByFile,
-    parsedFiles: allParsedFiles,
-  };
+  return merged;
 };
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -732,6 +762,14 @@ export const processParsing = async (
   scopeTreeCache: ASTCache | undefined,
   onFileProgress?: FileProgressCallback,
   workerPool?: WorkerPool,
+  /**
+   * Optional out-parameter for the incremental parse cache. When
+   * provided AND the worker-pool path runs successfully, populated
+   * with the raw `ParseWorkerResult[]` from the workers (pre-merge).
+   * Stays empty for the sequential fallback path (no per-chunk
+   * artifact to cache there). See `gitnexus/src/storage/parse-cache.ts`.
+   */
+  outRawResults?: ParseWorkerResult[],
 ): Promise<WorkerExtractedData | null> => {
   let lastProgress = 0;
   const reportProgress: FileProgressCallback | undefined = onFileProgress
@@ -759,6 +797,7 @@ export const processParsing = async (
         astCache,
         workerPool,
         reportProgress,
+        outRawResults,
       );
     } catch (err) {
       const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline-phases/parse-impl.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline-phases/parse-impl.ts
index bd39a4330..17cfaab3f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline-phases/parse-impl.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline-phases/parse-impl.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ import {
   enrichExportedTypeMap,
   type BindingEntry,
 } from '../binding-accumulator.js';
-import { processParsing } from '../parsing-processor.js';
+import { processParsing, mergeChunkResults } from '../parsing-processor.js';
+import { fileContentHash, computeChunkHash } from '../../../storage/parse-cache.js';
+import type { ParseWorkerResult } from '../workers/parse-worker.js';
+import type { WorkerExtractedData } from '../parsing-processor.js';
 import {
   processImports,
   processImportsFromExtracted,
@@ -72,8 +75,21 @@ import { extractORMQueriesInline } from './orm-extraction.js';
 import { logger } from '../../logger.js';
 // ── Constants ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-/** Max bytes of source content to load per parse chunk. */
-const CHUNK_BYTE_BUDGET = 20 * 1024 * 1024; // 20MB
+/** Max bytes of source content to load per parse chunk.
+ *
+ * Memory bound for the worker pool dispatch + a granularity knob for
+ * the parse cache. A single file change invalidates only its enclosing
+ * chunk, so smaller budgets → finer-grained invalidation.
+ *
+ * Override via GITNEXUS_CHUNK_BYTE_BUDGET (bytes) — the default of 2MB
+ * gives a useful invalidation floor (~1/N chunks on a multi-MB repo)
+ * while keeping worker dispatch overhead under 5% on cold runs.
+ */
+const CHUNK_BYTE_BUDGET = (() => {
+  const env = Number(process.env.GITNEXUS_CHUNK_BYTE_BUDGET);
+  if (Number.isFinite(env) && env > 0) return env;
+  return 2 * 1024 * 1024;
+})();
 
 // ── Main parse + resolve function ──────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -119,6 +135,11 @@ export async function runChunkedParseAndResolve(
    *  source. See plan
    *  docs/plans/2026-04-20-002-perf-parse-heritage-mro-plan.md (Unit 4). */
   scopeTreeCache: ASTCache;
+  /** Worker-produced ParsedFile artifacts aggregated across chunks.
+   *  Threaded into scope-resolution as a re-extract cache so the warm-
+   *  cache analyze run can skip the dominant `extractParsedFile` cost
+   *  (otherwise ~58s on a 1000-file repo). */
+  parsedFiles: import('gitnexus-shared').ParsedFile[];
 }> {
   const ctx = createResolutionContext();
   const symbolTable = ctx.model.symbols;
@@ -142,6 +163,15 @@ export async function runChunkedParseAndResolve(
     );
   }
 
+  // Sort parseableScanned alphabetically for stable chunk membership
+  // across runs (Finding 4). Without this, filesystem-scan order can
+  // shift between runs (notably on macOS APFS where directory entry
+  // order can change after modifications) — different files in the
+  // same chunk → different chunk hash → cache miss even when no file
+  // content changed. The cache also becomes platform-specific: a
+  // Linux-built cache misses on macOS for the same repo.
+  parseableScanned.sort((a, b) => (a.path < b.path ? -1 : a.path > b.path ? 1 : 0));
+
   const totalParseable = parseableScanned.length;
 
   if (totalParseable === 0) {
@@ -271,6 +301,20 @@ export async function runChunkedParseAndResolve(
   const deferredWorkerHeritage: ExtractedHeritage[] = [];
   const deferredConstructorBindings: FileConstructorBindings[] = [];
   const deferredAssignments: ExtractedAssignment[] = [];
+  // Aggregated per-file ParsedFile artifacts produced by workers' calls
+  // to `extractParsedFile`. Threaded through to the scope-resolution
+  // phase so it can SKIP its own re-extraction on cache hits — this is
+  // the second-half of the parse-cache speedup since scope-resolution's
+  // re-parse otherwise dominates the warm-cache wall-clock time.
+  const allParsedFiles: import('gitnexus-shared').ParsedFile[] = [];
+
+  // Incremental parse cache (Option B): chunk-level content-addressed.
+  // When the chunk's (filePath, content-hash) signature matches a prior
+  // run's, replay the cached ParseWorkerResult[] instead of dispatching
+  // to workers. See gitnexus/src/storage/parse-cache.ts.
+  const parseCache = options?.parseCache;
+  let chunkCacheHits = 0;
+  let chunkCacheMisses = 0;
 
   try {
     for (let chunkIdx = 0; chunkIdx < numChunks; chunkIdx++) {
@@ -281,29 +325,89 @@ export async function runChunkedParseAndResolve(
         .filter((p) => chunkContents.has(p))
         .map((p) => ({ path: p, content: chunkContents.get(p)! }));
 
-      const chunkWorkerData = await processParsing(
-        graph,
-        chunkFiles,
-        symbolTable,
-        astCache,
-        scopeTreeCache,
-        (current, _total, filePath) => {
-          const globalCurrent = filesParsedSoFar + current;
-          const parsingProgress = 20 + (globalCurrent / totalParseable) * 62;
-          onProgress({
-            phase: 'parsing',
-            percent: Math.round(parsingProgress),
-            message: `Parsing chunk ${chunkIdx + 1}/${numChunks}...`,
-            detail: filePath,
-            stats: {
-              filesProcessed: globalCurrent,
-              totalFiles: totalParseable,
-              nodesCreated: graph.nodeCount,
-            },
-          });
-        },
-        workerPool,
-      );
+      // Compute the chunk's content-hash signature (if cache available).
+      let chunkHash: string | null = null;
+      if (parseCache) {
+        const entries = chunkFiles.map((f) => ({
+          filePath: f.path,
+          contentHash: fileContentHash(f.content),
+        }));
+        chunkHash = computeChunkHash(entries);
+      }
+
+      let chunkWorkerData: WorkerExtractedData | null;
+      const cachedRaw = chunkHash ? parseCache!.entries.get(chunkHash) : undefined;
+
+      // Track every chunk hash we touched so the orchestrator can
+      // prune stale entries (chunks whose composition no longer
+      // corresponds to a live chunk in the current scan) before saving.
+      if (parseCache && chunkHash) parseCache.usedKeys.add(chunkHash);
+
+      if (cachedRaw && cachedRaw.length > 0) {
+        // Cache hit: replay the cached worker output through the same
+        // merge logic the live worker path uses.
+        chunkCacheHits++;
+        chunkWorkerData = mergeChunkResults(graph, symbolTable, cachedRaw);
+        if (isDev) {
+          logger.info(
+            `📦 parse-cache HIT: chunk ${chunkIdx + 1}/${numChunks} (${chunkFiles.length} files, ${chunkHash!.slice(0, 8)})`,
+          );
+        }
+        // Progress update so UI advances even on a cache hit.
+        const cachedFiles = chunkFiles.length;
+        onProgress({
+          phase: 'parsing',
+          percent: Math.round(20 + ((filesParsedSoFar + cachedFiles) / totalParseable) * 62),
+          message: `Parsing chunk ${chunkIdx + 1}/${numChunks} (cache)...`,
+          stats: {
+            filesProcessed: filesParsedSoFar + cachedFiles,
+            totalFiles: totalParseable,
+            nodesCreated: graph.nodeCount,
+          },
+        });
+      } else {
+        // Cache miss: dispatch to workers, capture the raw results, store
+        // them under the chunk hash for the next run.
+        chunkCacheMisses++;
+        const rawResults: ParseWorkerResult[] = [];
+        chunkWorkerData = await processParsing(
+          graph,
+          chunkFiles,
+          symbolTable,
+          astCache,
+          scopeTreeCache,
+          (current, _total, filePath) => {
+            const globalCurrent = filesParsedSoFar + current;
+            const parsingProgress = 20 + (globalCurrent / totalParseable) * 62;
+            onProgress({
+              phase: 'parsing',
+              percent: Math.round(parsingProgress),
+              message: `Parsing chunk ${chunkIdx + 1}/${numChunks}...`,
+              detail: filePath,
+              stats: {
+                filesProcessed: globalCurrent,
+                totalFiles: totalParseable,
+                nodesCreated: graph.nodeCount,
+              },
+            });
+          },
+          workerPool,
+          // Capture raw results only when we have a cache to write to —
+          // otherwise we'd retain extra arrays for nothing.
+          parseCache && chunkHash ? rawResults : undefined,
+        );
+        // Persist the raw results for this chunk hash. Sequential path
+        // doesn't populate rawResults (it writes directly to graph), so
+        // small repos without worker pool simply don't cache. That's fine.
+        if (parseCache && chunkHash && rawResults.length > 0) {
+          parseCache.entries.set(chunkHash, rawResults);
+          if (isDev) {
+            logger.info(
+              `📦 parse-cache MISS+store: chunk ${chunkIdx + 1}/${numChunks} (${chunkFiles.length} files, ${chunkHash.slice(0, 8)})`,
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      }
 
       const chunkBasePercent = 20 + (filesParsedSoFar / totalParseable) * 62;
 
@@ -349,6 +453,12 @@ export async function runChunkedParseAndResolve(
         for (const item of chunkWorkerData.heritage) deferredWorkerHeritage.push(item);
         for (const item of chunkWorkerData.constructorBindings)
           deferredConstructorBindings.push(item);
+        // Aggregate worker-produced ParsedFile artifacts so scope-
+        // resolution can use them as a re-extraction cache (skips its
+        // own tree-sitter re-parse on warm runs).
+        if (chunkWorkerData.parsedFiles?.length) {
+          for (const item of chunkWorkerData.parsedFiles) allParsedFiles.push(item);
+        }
         if (chunkWorkerData.assignments?.length) {
           for (const item of chunkWorkerData.assignments) deferredAssignments.push(item);
         }
@@ -422,6 +532,12 @@ export async function runChunkedParseAndResolve(
       astCache.clear();
     }
 
+    if (isDev && parseCache && (chunkCacheHits > 0 || chunkCacheMisses > 0)) {
+      logger.info(
+        `📦 parse-cache summary: ${chunkCacheHits} chunk hit(s), ${chunkCacheMisses} miss(es) across ${numChunks} chunk(s)`,
+      );
+    }
+
     const fullWorkerHeritageMap =
       deferredWorkerHeritage.length > 0
         ? buildHeritageMap(deferredWorkerHeritage, ctx, getHeritageStrategyForLanguage)
@@ -621,5 +737,12 @@ export async function runChunkedParseAndResolve(
     // chunk-local `astCache` above is intentionally NOT exposed
     // because parse-impl clears it between chunks.
     scopeTreeCache,
+    // Per-file ParsedFile artifacts produced by workers' calls to
+    // `extractParsedFile`. Empty when only the sequential path ran
+    // (sequential doesn't go through the worker, and extracts ParsedFile
+    // inline rather than emitting it). Consumed by scope-resolution as
+    // a re-extraction cache: when the file's ParsedFile is here,
+    // scope-resolution skips its own `extractParsedFile` call.
+    parsedFiles: allParsedFiles,
   };
 }
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline-phases/parse.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline-phases/parse.ts
index a20d1e4b0..a3fa81be7 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline-phases/parse.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline-phases/parse.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import type { PipelinePhase, PipelineContext, PhaseResult } from './types.js';
 import { getPhaseOutput } from './types.js';
 import type { StructureOutput } from './structure.js';
 import type { BindingAccumulator } from '../binding-accumulator.js';
+import type { ParsedFile } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import type {
   ExtractedFetchCall,
   ExtractedRoute,
@@ -81,6 +82,19 @@ export interface ParseOutput {
    * `scopeTreeCache.clear()` after its extract loop finishes.
    */
   readonly scopeTreeCache: ASTCache;
+  /**
+   * Per-file `ParsedFile` artifacts produced by workers' calls to
+   * `extractParsedFile`. Threaded through to `scopeResolutionPhase`
+   * as a re-extraction cache: when a file's ParsedFile is present here,
+   * scope-resolution can skip its own `extractParsedFile` (which would
+   * otherwise re-parse the file with tree-sitter on the main thread,
+   * costing ~58s on a 1000-file repo).
+   *
+   * Empty for files that went through the sequential parse fallback —
+   * sequential doesn't emit ParsedFile artifacts; scope-resolution
+   * falls back to a fresh extract for those.
+   */
+  readonly parsedFiles: readonly ParsedFile[];
 }
 
 export const parsePhase: PipelinePhase<ParseOutput> = {
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline.ts
index c220ea224..1ee8e102f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline.ts
@@ -55,6 +55,19 @@ export interface PipelineOptions {
     minFiles?: number;
     minBytes?: number;
   };
+  /**
+   * Incremental-indexing parse cache. When provided:
+   *   - The parse phase looks up each chunk's content hash in
+   *     `parseCache.entries`. On hit, it replays the cached
+   *     `ParseWorkerResult[]` instead of dispatching to workers.
+   *   - On miss, it runs the workers as today and stores the new
+   *     results in `parseCache.entries` keyed by chunk hash.
+   * The caller (`run-analyze.ts`) is responsible for loading the cache
+   * before the pipeline runs and persisting it after. Cache survives
+   * `--force` because keys are content-addressed.
+   * See `gitnexus/src/storage/parse-cache.ts`.
+   */
+  parseCache?: import('../../storage/parse-cache.js').ParseCache;
 }
 
 // ── Phase registry ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/registry-primary-flag.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/registry-primary-flag.ts
index e063ce20c..6818007a3 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/registry-primary-flag.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/registry-primary-flag.ts
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ export const MIGRATED_LANGUAGES: ReadonlySet<SupportedLanguages> = new Set<Suppo
   SupportedLanguages.TypeScript,
   SupportedLanguages.Go,
   SupportedLanguages.C,
+  SupportedLanguages.PHP,
 ]);
 
 /**
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/contract/scope-resolver.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/contract/scope-resolver.ts
index 1571ee682..99e7145ae 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/contract/scope-resolver.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/contract/scope-resolver.ts
@@ -386,6 +386,26 @@ export interface ScopeResolver {
     nodeLookup: GraphNodeLookup,
   ): Map<string /* DefId */, string[] /* ancestor DefIds */>;
 
+  /**
+   * Optional parallel MRO that EXCLUDES mixin-like augmentation (e.g., PHP
+   * traits). Returns the inheritance-only ancestor chain — the same kind
+   * of map as `buildMro` but built only from inheritance edges (EXTENDS).
+   *
+   * Used by the shared super-branch dispatch in `receiver-bound-calls`
+   * so that `parent::method()` walks the inheritance chain only, not the
+   * trait-augmented one. PHP semantics: `parent::` explicitly bypasses
+   * traits, even when a composed trait shadows a same-named parent method.
+   *
+   * Languages without mixin-like semantics leave this undefined — callers
+   * fall back to `buildMro`/`mroFor`, which for those languages is already
+   * the inheritance chain.
+   */
+  readonly buildExtendsOnlyMro?: (
+    graph: KnowledgeGraph,
+    parsedFiles: readonly ParsedFile[],
+    nodeLookup: GraphNodeLookup,
+  ) => Map<string /* DefId */, string[] /* ancestor DefIds */>;
+
   /**
    * Mutate `parsed.localDefs[i].ownerId` to point at the structural
    * owner. Python's rule: methods (Function defs whose parent scope
@@ -484,6 +504,26 @@ export interface ScopeResolver {
    */
   readonly isFileLocalDef?: (def: SymbolDefinition) => boolean;
 
+  /**
+   * Optional predicate to gate free-call fallback emission by caller-side
+   * visibility. When provided, `pickUniqueGlobalCallable` rejects candidates
+   * the caller cannot legally reach — e.g., a PHP function in a different
+   * namespace with no `use function` import, which PHP runtime would treat
+   * as `Call to undefined function`. Returning `false` blocks the candidate;
+   * returning `true` allows it; undefined-default keeps current behavior
+   * (no visibility filtering, equivalent to "all candidates visible").
+   *
+   * The hook receives the caller's `ParsedFile` (so it can consult
+   * `parsedImports`, `moduleScope`, etc.) and the candidate `SymbolDefinition`.
+   * The predicate must be pure: same inputs → same answer.
+   *
+   * Languages without namespace-scoped function resolution leave this undefined.
+   */
+  readonly isCallableVisibleFromCaller?: (ctx: {
+    readonly callerParsed: ParsedFile;
+    readonly candidate: SymbolDefinition;
+  }) => boolean;
+
   /**
    * Optional post-finalize hook to inject cross-file bindings that
    * aren't modeled via explicit imports. Runs after
@@ -576,4 +616,32 @@ export interface ScopeResolver {
       readonly treeCache?: { get(filePath: string): unknown };
     },
   ) => void;
+
+  /**
+   * Optional post-resolution pass: emit CALLS edges for member-call sites
+   * whose receiver cannot be typed by the scope chain (no `TypeRef`).
+   * Dynamically-typed languages with untyped/`mixed`/`Any` parameters use
+   * this hook to recover the call edge via workspace-wide method-name
+   * lookup, mirroring what their legacy resolvers did.
+   *
+   * Runs AFTER `emitReceiverBoundCalls` and BEFORE `emitFreeCallFallback`.
+   * Implementations MUST:
+   *   - Skip sites already in `handledSites` (Invariant I2).
+   *   - Add resolved site keys to `handledSites` before returning.
+   *   - Stay narrow: a unique workspace-wide match is the safe baseline.
+   *     Multi-candidate fallbacks should narrow by arity / argument types
+   *     before emitting to keep false-positive rate bounded.
+   *
+   * Returns the number of edges emitted (for telemetry).
+   *
+   * Default: undefined (no unresolved-receiver fallback).
+   */
+  readonly emitUnresolvedReceiverEdges?: (
+    graph: KnowledgeGraph,
+    scopes: ScopeResolutionIndexes,
+    parsedFiles: readonly ParsedFile[],
+    nodeLookup: GraphNodeLookup,
+    handledSites: Set<string>,
+    model: SemanticModel,
+  ) => number;
 }
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/graph-bridge/method-dispatch.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/graph-bridge/method-dispatch.ts
index 164147ac6..419ab478f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/graph-bridge/method-dispatch.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/graph-bridge/method-dispatch.ts
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ const EMPTY_DEFS: readonly string[] = Object.freeze([]);
 
 export function buildPopulatedMethodDispatch(
   mroByDefId: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly string[]>,
+  extendsOnlyMroByDefId?: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly string[]>,
 ): MethodDispatchIndex {
-  return {
+  const base: MethodDispatchIndex = {
     mroByOwnerDefId: mroByDefId,
     implsByInterfaceDefId: new Map(),
     mroFor(ownerDefId) {
@@ -33,4 +34,14 @@ export function buildPopulatedMethodDispatch(
       return EMPTY_DEFS;
     },
   };
+  if (extendsOnlyMroByDefId !== undefined) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      extendsOnlyMroByOwnerDefId: extendsOnlyMroByDefId,
+      extendsOnlyMroFor(ownerDefId) {
+        return extendsOnlyMroByDefId.get(ownerDefId) ?? EMPTY_DEFS;
+      },
+    };
+  }
+  return base;
 }
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/graph-bridge/node-lookup.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/graph-bridge/node-lookup.ts
index 70aa875fb..c3b53c6f7 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/graph-bridge/node-lookup.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/graph-bridge/node-lookup.ts
@@ -117,6 +117,11 @@ export function isLinkableLabel(label: NodeLabel): boolean {
     label === 'Interface' ||
     label === 'Struct' ||
     label === 'Enum' ||
+    // Trait nodes are linkable so MRO builders can bridge PHP/Rust trait
+    // defs between scope-resolution DefIds and the graph's node ids.
+    // IMPLEMENTS edges from classes to traits are otherwise invisible to
+    // the scope-resolution MRO pass.
+    label === 'Trait' ||
     // Variable / Property are linkable too — receiver-bound write/read
     // ACCESSES edges target field nodes (e.g. `user.name = "x"` →
     // ACCESSES edge to User's `name` Variable/Property node).
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/free-call-fallback.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/free-call-fallback.ts
index 44f941daf..eb6dd71fb 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/free-call-fallback.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/free-call-fallback.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ export function emitFreeCallFallback(
   options: {
     readonly allowGlobalFallback?: boolean;
     readonly isFileLocalDef?: (def: SymbolDefinition) => boolean;
+    readonly isCallableVisibleFromCaller?: (ctx: {
+      readonly callerParsed: ParsedFile;
+      readonly candidate: SymbolDefinition;
+    }) => boolean;
   } = {},
 ): number {
   let emitted = 0;
@@ -82,6 +86,11 @@ export function emitFreeCallFallback(
           scopes,
           parsed.filePath,
           options.isFileLocalDef,
+          site.arity,
+          options.isCallableVisibleFromCaller !== undefined
+            ? (candidate) =>
+                options.isCallableVisibleFromCaller!({ callerParsed: parsed, candidate })
+            : undefined,
         );
       }
       if (fnDef === undefined) continue;
@@ -118,6 +127,8 @@ function pickUniqueGlobalCallable(
   scopes: ScopeResolutionIndexes,
   callerFilePath: string,
   isFileLocalDef?: (def: SymbolDefinition) => boolean,
+  callArity?: number,
+  isCallerVisible?: (candidate: SymbolDefinition) => boolean,
 ): SymbolDefinition | undefined {
   const scopeDefs: SymbolDefinition[] = [];
   const scopeSeen = new Set<string>();
@@ -130,6 +141,13 @@ function pickUniqueGlobalCallable(
     if (isFileLocalDef !== undefined && def.filePath !== callerFilePath && isFileLocalDef(def)) {
       continue;
     }
+    // Caller-side visibility filter (e.g., PHP namespace + use-function
+    // import gating). When defined, blocks candidates the caller cannot
+    // legally reach. Languages without namespace-scoped function resolution
+    // leave this undefined → no filtering.
+    if (isCallerVisible !== undefined && !isCallerVisible(def)) {
+      continue;
+    }
     const key = logicalCallableKey(def);
     if (scopeSeen.has(key)) continue;
     scopeSeen.add(key);
@@ -137,6 +155,15 @@ function pickUniqueGlobalCallable(
   }
   if (scopeDefs.length === 1) return scopeDefs[0];
 
+  // When multiple scope-index candidates exist, attempt arity narrowing
+  // before falling back to the semantic-model lookup. This handles
+  // registry-primary languages where the model is not populated for the
+  // migrated language's files (call-processor skips them).
+  if (scopeDefs.length > 1 && callArity !== undefined) {
+    const arityMatch = narrowByArity(scopeDefs, callArity);
+    if (arityMatch !== undefined) return arityMatch;
+  }
+
   const defs: SymbolDefinition[] = [];
   const seen = new Set<string>();
   const push = (pool: readonly SymbolDefinition[]): void => {
@@ -147,6 +174,10 @@ function pickUniqueGlobalCallable(
       if (isFileLocalDef !== undefined && def.filePath !== callerFilePath && isFileLocalDef(def)) {
         continue;
       }
+      // Same caller-visibility filter applied to the model-side pool.
+      if (isCallerVisible !== undefined && !isCallerVisible(def)) {
+        continue;
+      }
       const key = logicalCallableKey(def);
       if (seen.has(key)) continue;
       seen.add(key);
@@ -157,7 +188,35 @@ function pickUniqueGlobalCallable(
   push(model.symbols.lookupCallableByName(name));
   push(model.methods.lookupMethodByName(name));
 
-  return defs.length === 1 ? defs[0] : undefined;
+  if (defs.length === 1) return defs[0];
+
+  // When multiple candidates exist and the call site has a known arity,
+  // narrow by parameter count.
+  if (defs.length > 1 && callArity !== undefined) {
+    const arityMatch = narrowByArity(defs, callArity);
+    if (arityMatch !== undefined) return arityMatch;
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Narrow a list of callable candidates by call-site arity.
+ * A def is compatible when `requiredParameterCount <= arity <= parameterCount`.
+ * Defs with `parameterCount === undefined` (variadic/unknown) are always kept.
+ * Returns the single compatible def, or `undefined` when zero or multiple match.
+ */
+function narrowByArity(
+  defs: readonly SymbolDefinition[],
+  callArity: number,
+): SymbolDefinition | undefined {
+  const compatible = defs.filter((d) => {
+    const total = d.parameterCount;
+    if (total === undefined) return true; // unknown arity — keep
+    const required = d.requiredParameterCount ?? total;
+    return required <= callArity && callArity <= total;
+  });
+  return compatible.length === 1 ? compatible[0] : undefined;
 }
 
 function logicalCallableKey(def: SymbolDefinition): string {
@@ -189,10 +248,18 @@ function pickConstructorOrClass(
 
 /** Walk up from the call-site scope to the enclosing class scope,
  *  pick a method member by name with overload narrowing on arity +
- *  argument types. Returns undefined if there's no enclosing class
- *  or no matching method. Used for implicit-this calls inside a
- *  class body where multiple overloads share the call name. */
-function pickImplicitThisOverload(
+ *  argument types. Returns undefined if there's no enclosing class,
+ *  no matching method, OR narrowing leaves multiple compatible
+ *  candidates — in the multi-candidate case, picking
+ *  `candidates[0]` would emit a high-confidence CALLS edge whose
+ *  target depends on registration order rather than a defensible
+ *  resolution. Mirrors `pickUniqueGlobalCallable`'s uniqueness check
+ *  in the same file (Codex PR #1497 review, finding 2).
+ *
+ *  Exported for unit testing — language-agnostic logic, exercised
+ *  via synthetic stubs in `pick-implicit-this-overload.test.ts`. The
+ *  production call site is `applyFreeCallFallback` immediately above. */
+export function pickImplicitThisOverload(
   site: {
     readonly inScope: ScopeId;
     readonly name: string;
@@ -225,6 +292,11 @@ function pickImplicitThisOverload(
   if (overloads.length === 0) return undefined;
   if (overloads.length === 1) return overloads[0];
 
+  // Narrow on arity + argument types. Require a UNIQUE survivor —
+  // ambiguous narrowing (multiple compatible candidates with no
+  // disambiguating signal) leaves the call unresolved rather than
+  // routing to an arbitrary first overload by registration order.
   const candidates = narrowOverloadCandidates(overloads, site.arity, site.argumentTypes);
+  if (candidates.length !== 1) return undefined;
   return candidates[0];
 }
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/overload-narrowing.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/overload-narrowing.ts
index 922afb36c..f36287052 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/overload-narrowing.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/overload-narrowing.ts
@@ -13,9 +13,13 @@
  *   2. Exact-required-match wins over variadic. Variadic is detected
  *      via a `parameterTypes` entry equal to `'params'` or starting
  *      with `'params '` (C# `params` / variadic marker).
- *   3. If the arity filter empties the set, fall back to the full
- *      overload list rather than returning nothing — the caller still
- *      needs a best-effort candidate.
+ *   3. If the arity filter empties the set AND any candidate had
+ *      unknown bounds (both `parameterCount` and `requiredParameterCount`
+ *      undefined), fall back to the full overload list — the empty
+ *      result may be due to missing metadata rather than a real mismatch.
+ *      If EVERY rejected candidate had definite arity bounds, trust the
+ *      filter and return empty — the call is genuinely arity-incompatible
+ *      (e.g., PHP `f(int $req, ...$rest)` called with zero args).
  *   4. If `argTypes` is present, filter further by per-slot type
  *      equality. An empty string in `argTypes[i]` means "unknown" and
  *      counts as a match. Mismatches disqualify. A non-empty typed
@@ -39,6 +43,16 @@ export function narrowOverloadCandidates(
           const max = d.parameterCount;
           const min = d.requiredParameterCount;
           if (max !== undefined && argCount > max) {
+            // Variadic marker check is C#-specific (the 'params' keyword).
+            // Other languages use their own marker — PHP uses '...' (see
+            // `languages/php/arity-metadata.ts:46`), Python uses '*args'-
+            // shaped metadata that lives outside `parameterTypes` entirely.
+            // This branch is dead code for those languages because they
+            // set `parameterCount = undefined` for variadic functions,
+            // which keeps `max` undefined and skips this check entirely.
+            // Adding new variadic markers here changes behavior for those
+            // other languages too — don't extend without auditing each
+            // adapter's `arity-metadata.ts`. Finding 9 of PR #1497.
             const variadic =
               d.parameterTypes !== undefined &&
               d.parameterTypes.some((t) => t === 'params' || t.startsWith('params '));
@@ -48,8 +62,16 @@ export function narrowOverloadCandidates(
           return true;
         });
 
+  // When the arity filter empties the set, only fall back to the full
+  // overload list if some candidate had unknown bounds — otherwise the
+  // empty result is authoritative (every candidate definitively failed
+  // arity, e.g., PHP variadic with required-prefix called with too few
+  // args).
+  const anyUnknownBounds = overloads.some(
+    (d) => d.parameterCount === undefined && d.requiredParameterCount === undefined,
+  );
   const candidates: readonly SymbolDefinition[] =
-    arityMatches.length > 0 ? arityMatches : overloads;
+    arityMatches.length > 0 ? arityMatches : anyUnknownBounds ? overloads : [];
 
   if (argTypes !== undefined && argTypes.length > 0) {
     const typed = candidates.filter((d) => {
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/receiver-bound-calls.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/receiver-bound-calls.ts
index 925151b6c..0cb544db9 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/receiver-bound-calls.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/receiver-bound-calls.ts
@@ -165,7 +165,16 @@ export function emitReceiverBoundCalls(
       if (provider.isSuperReceiver(receiverName)) {
         const enclosingClass = findEnclosingClassDef(site.inScope, scopes);
         if (enclosingClass !== undefined) {
-          const ancestors = scopes.methodDispatch.mroFor(enclosingClass.nodeId);
+          // For super-receiver dispatch (`parent::`, `base.`, `super()`),
+          // walk the inheritance-only ancestor chain when the language
+          // exposes it. PHP's `parent::` semantically bypasses composed
+          // traits; other languages without mixin augmentation have no
+          // `extendsOnlyMroFor` and fall back to `mroFor`.
+          const extendsOnly = scopes.methodDispatch.extendsOnlyMroFor;
+          const ancestors =
+            extendsOnly !== undefined
+              ? extendsOnly(enclosingClass.nodeId)
+              : scopes.methodDispatch.mroFor(enclosingClass.nodeId);
           let memberDef: SymbolDefinition | undefined;
           for (const ownerId of ancestors) {
             memberDef = findOwnedMember(ownerId, memberName, model);
@@ -283,7 +292,21 @@ export function emitReceiverBoundCalls(
         let memberDef: SymbolDefinition | undefined;
         for (const ownerId of chain) {
           memberDef = findOwnedMember(ownerId, memberName, model);
-          if (memberDef !== undefined) break;
+          if (memberDef !== undefined) {
+            // The MRO chain is most-derived-first ([classDef, ...ancestors]).
+            // If the most-derived definition is arity-incompatible with the
+            // call site, PHP throws ArgumentCountError at runtime — it does
+            // NOT silently dispatch to an ancestor. Terminate the chain walk
+            // so no edge is emitted, rather than falling through to an
+            // arity-compatible ancestor (which would be a false positive).
+            if (
+              narrowOverloadCandidates([memberDef], site.arity, site.argumentTypes).length === 0
+            ) {
+              memberDef = undefined;
+              break;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
         }
         if (memberDef !== undefined) {
           const reason =
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/phase.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/phase.ts
index c2fda9777..98a9f8994 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/phase.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/phase.ts
@@ -93,13 +93,25 @@ export const scopeResolutionPhase: PipelinePhase<ScopeResolutionOutput> = {
     // Worker-mode parses leave the cache empty for those files; they
     // also fall back to a fresh parse — no correctness impact.
     const parseOutput = getPhaseOutput<ParseOutput>(deps, 'parse');
-    const { scopeTreeCache, resolutionContext } = parseOutput;
+    const { scopeTreeCache, resolutionContext, parsedFiles: workerParsedFiles } = parseOutput;
     // SemanticModel populated during `parse`: scope-resolution consumes
     // TypeRegistry / MethodRegistry / SymbolTable lookups instead of
     // rebuilding parallel indexes. See ARCHITECTURE.md § "Semantic-model
     // source of truth".
     const model = resolutionContext.model;
 
+    // Build a per-file lookup of ParsedFile artifacts the workers (or
+    // sequential extracts) already produced. Threading this into
+    // `runScopeResolution` lets the per-language extract loop short-
+    // circuit `extractParsedFile` — the dominant cost on the warm-cache
+    // path, since workers can't return tree-sitter Trees across the
+    // MessageChannel and scope-resolution would otherwise re-parse
+    // every file from scratch on the main thread.
+    const preExtractedByPath = new Map<string, import('gitnexus-shared').ParsedFile>();
+    for (const pf of workerParsedFiles) {
+      preExtractedByPath.set(pf.filePath, pf);
+    }
+
     let totalFiles = 0;
     let totalImports = 0;
     let totalRefs = 0;
@@ -143,6 +155,7 @@ export const scopeResolutionPhase: PipelinePhase<ScopeResolutionOutput> = {
           files,
           treeCache: scopeTreeCache,
           resolutionConfig,
+          preExtractedParsedFiles: preExtractedByPath,
           onWarn: (msg) => {
             if (isSemanticModelValidatorEnabled()) {
               logger.warn(`[scope-resolution:${lang}] ${msg}`);
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/registry.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/registry.ts
index 0667be8f5..c606661c8 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/registry.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/registry.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ import { pythonScopeResolver } from '../../languages/python/scope-resolver.js';
 import { csharpScopeResolver } from '../../languages/csharp/scope-resolver.js';
 import { typescriptScopeResolver } from '../../languages/typescript/scope-resolver.js';
 import { goScopeResolver } from '../../languages/go/scope-resolver.js';
+import { javaScopeResolver } from '../../languages/java/scope-resolver.js';
 import { cScopeResolver } from '../../languages/c/scope-resolver.js';
+import { phpScopeResolver } from '../../languages/php/scope-resolver.js';
 
 /** Map of `SupportedLanguages` → `ScopeResolver`. The phase iterates
  *  this map intersected with `MIGRATED_LANGUAGES` (the per-language
@@ -29,5 +31,7 @@ export const SCOPE_RESOLVERS: ReadonlyMap<SupportedLanguages, ScopeResolver> = n
   [SupportedLanguages.CSharp, csharpScopeResolver],
   [SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, typescriptScopeResolver],
   [SupportedLanguages.Go, goScopeResolver],
+  [SupportedLanguages.Java, javaScopeResolver],
   [SupportedLanguages.C, cScopeResolver],
+  [SupportedLanguages.PHP, phpScopeResolver],
 ]);
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/run.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/run.ts
index e2c734a43..47f8a3551 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/run.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/pipeline/run.ts
@@ -72,6 +72,22 @@ interface RunScopeResolutionInput {
    * provider doesn't supply a config loader.
    */
   readonly resolutionConfig?: unknown;
+  /**
+   * Pre-extracted ParsedFile artifacts keyed by file path. When a
+   * file is present here, the extract loop reuses it directly and
+   * skips `extractParsedFile` (which would re-parse the file with
+   * tree-sitter on the main thread). Only files matching the
+   * provider's language are honored — the loop verifies this
+   * implicitly by language filter at the call-site (scopeResolution
+   * phase).
+   *
+   * Worker-mode parses produce these ParsedFile artifacts as a side
+   * effect of `extractParsedFile` running inside the worker; threading
+   * them here is what lets the warm-cache analyze run skip the ~58s
+   * scope-resolution re-parse loop on a multi-thousand-file repo.
+   * Cache miss is safe — falls back to fresh extract.
+   */
+  readonly preExtractedParsedFiles?: ReadonlyMap<string, ParsedFile>;
 }
 
 interface RunScopeResolutionStats {
@@ -104,22 +120,37 @@ export function runScopeResolution(
   const parsedFiles: ParsedFile[] = [];
   let filesSkipped = 0;
   const treeCache = input.treeCache;
+  const preExtracted = input.preExtractedParsedFiles;
+  let preExtractedHits = 0;
   for (const file of files) {
-    const cachedTree = treeCache?.get(file.path);
-    const parsed = extractParsedFile(
-      provider.languageProvider,
-      file.content,
-      file.path,
-      onWarn,
-      cachedTree,
-    );
+    let parsed: ParsedFile | undefined;
+    // Fast path: a worker (during the parse phase) already produced a
+    // ParsedFile for this file via `extractParsedFile`. Reuse it
+    // directly — skips a tree-sitter re-parse on the main thread.
+    if (preExtracted !== undefined) {
+      parsed = preExtracted.get(file.path);
+      if (parsed !== undefined) preExtractedHits++;
+    }
     if (parsed === undefined) {
-      filesSkipped++;
-      continue;
+      const cachedTree = treeCache?.get(file.path);
+      parsed = extractParsedFile(
+        provider.languageProvider,
+        file.content,
+        file.path,
+        onWarn,
+        cachedTree,
+      );
+      if (parsed === undefined) {
+        filesSkipped++;
+        continue;
+      }
     }
     provider.populateOwners(parsed);
     parsedFiles.push(parsed);
   }
+  if (PROF && preExtracted !== undefined) {
+    logger.warn(`[scope-resolution prof] pre-extracted hits: ${preExtractedHits}/${files.length}`);
+  }
   provider.populateWorkspaceOwners?.(parsedFiles, { fileContents: getFileContents() });
 
   // Reconcile scope-resolution's ownership view into the SemanticModel.
@@ -153,6 +184,7 @@ export function runScopeResolution(
   const allFilePaths = new Set(parsedFiles.map((f) => f.filePath));
   const nodeLookup = buildGraphNodeLookup(graph);
   const mroByClassDefId = provider.buildMro(graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup);
+  const extendsOnlyMroByClassDefId = provider.buildExtendsOnlyMro?.(graph, parsedFiles, nodeLookup);
 
   const resolutionConfig = input.resolutionConfig;
   const finalized = finalizeScopeModel(parsedFiles, {
@@ -174,7 +206,7 @@ export function runScopeResolution(
   // the type system.
   const indexes = {
     ...finalized,
-    methodDispatch: buildPopulatedMethodDispatch(mroByClassDefId),
+    methodDispatch: buildPopulatedMethodDispatch(mroByClassDefId, extendsOnlyMroByClassDefId),
   };
 
   // Build the workspace resolution index ONCE — scope-valued lookups
@@ -252,6 +284,17 @@ export function runScopeResolution(
     workspaceIndex,
     readonlyModel,
   );
+  const unresolvedReceiverExtras =
+    provider.emitUnresolvedReceiverEdges !== undefined
+      ? provider.emitUnresolvedReceiverEdges(
+          graph,
+          indexes,
+          parsedFiles,
+          nodeLookup,
+          handledSites,
+          readonlyModel,
+        )
+      : 0;
   const freeCallExtras = emitFreeCallFallback(
     graph,
     indexes,
@@ -264,6 +307,7 @@ export function runScopeResolution(
     {
       allowGlobalFallback: provider.allowGlobalFreeCallFallback === true,
       isFileLocalDef: provider.isFileLocalDef,
+      isCallableVisibleFromCaller: provider.isCallableVisibleFromCaller,
     },
   );
   const { emitted, skipped } = emitReferencesViaLookup(
@@ -299,7 +343,7 @@ export function runScopeResolution(
     filesSkipped,
     importsEmitted,
     resolve: resolveStats,
-    referenceEdgesEmitted: emitted + receiverExtras + freeCallExtras,
+    referenceEdgesEmitted: emitted + receiverExtras + unresolvedReceiverExtras + freeCallExtras,
     referenceSkipped: skipped,
   };
 }
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/tree-sitter-queries.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/tree-sitter-queries.ts
index 8e165a837..d65229808 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/tree-sitter-queries.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/tree-sitter-queries.ts
@@ -1020,6 +1020,16 @@ export const PHP_QUERIES = `
     (use_declaration
       [(name) (qualified_name)] @heritage.trait))) @heritage
 
+; ── Heritage: trait uses another trait (transitive trait composition) ────────
+; PHP allows a trait body to contain "use OtherTrait;". The trait-uses-trait
+; IMPLEMENTS edge is required by buildPhpMro to compute the full transitive
+; trait closure (depth 3+ chains).
+(trait_declaration
+  name: (name) @heritage.class
+  body: (declaration_list
+    (use_declaration
+      [(name) (qualified_name)] @heritage.trait))) @heritage
+
 ; PHP HTTP consumers: file_get_contents('/path'), curl_init('/path')
 (function_call_expression
   function: (name) @_php_http (#match? @_php_http "^(file_get_contents|curl_init)$")
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.ts
index fe831cd43..cf8f1cb71 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.ts
@@ -218,6 +218,65 @@ const runWithSessionLock = async <T>(operation: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> =>
 
 const normalizeCopyPath = (filePath: string): string => filePath.replace(/\\/g, '/');
 
+const closeQueryResult = async (result: lbug.QueryResult): Promise<void> => {
+  try {
+    await result.close();
+  } catch {
+    // Best-effort cleanup only.
+  }
+};
+
+const drainQueryResult = async (
+  queryResult: lbug.QueryResult | lbug.QueryResult[],
+): Promise<void> => {
+  const results = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult : [queryResult];
+  let firstError: unknown;
+  let hasError = false;
+  for (const result of results) {
+    try {
+      await result.getAll();
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (!hasError) {
+        firstError = err;
+        hasError = true;
+      }
+    } finally {
+      await closeQueryResult(result);
+    }
+  }
+  if (hasError) throw firstError;
+};
+
+const readQueryRows = async (
+  queryResult: lbug.QueryResult | lbug.QueryResult[],
+): Promise<any[]> => {
+  const results = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult : [queryResult];
+  let rows: any[] = [];
+  let firstError: unknown;
+  let hasError = false;
+  for (let i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
+    const result = results[i];
+    try {
+      const resultRows = await result.getAll();
+      if (i === 0) rows = resultRows;
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (!hasError) {
+        firstError = err;
+        hasError = true;
+      }
+    } finally {
+      await closeQueryResult(result);
+    }
+  }
+  if (hasError) throw firstError;
+  return rows;
+};
+
+const queryAndDrain = async (targetConn: lbug.Connection, cypher: string): Promise<void> => {
+  const queryResult = await targetConn.query(cypher);
+  await drainQueryResult(queryResult);
+};
+
 export const initLbug = async (dbPath: string) => {
   return runWithSessionLock(() => ensureLbugInitialized(dbPath));
 };
@@ -319,7 +378,7 @@ const doInitLbug = async (dbPath: string) => {
 
   for (const schemaQuery of SCHEMA_QUERIES) {
     try {
-      await conn.query(schemaQuery);
+      await queryAndDrain(conn, schemaQuery);
     } catch (err) {
       const msg = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
       // Suppression list:
@@ -384,14 +443,14 @@ export const loadGraphToLbug = async (
     const copyQuery = getCopyQuery(table, normalizedPath);
 
     try {
-      await conn.query(copyQuery);
+      await queryAndDrain(conn, copyQuery);
     } catch (err) {
       try {
         const retryQuery = copyQuery.replace(
           'auto_detect=false)',
           'auto_detect=false, IGNORE_ERRORS=true)',
         );
-        await conn.query(retryQuery);
+        await queryAndDrain(conn, retryQuery);
       } catch (retryErr) {
         const retryMsg = retryErr instanceof Error ? retryErr.message : String(retryErr);
         throw new Error(`COPY failed for ${table}: ${retryMsg.slice(0, 200)}`);
@@ -433,14 +492,14 @@ export const loadGraphToLbug = async (
       }
 
       try {
-        await conn.query(copyQuery);
+        await queryAndDrain(conn, copyQuery);
       } catch (err) {
         try {
           const retryQuery = copyQuery.replace(
             'auto_detect=false)',
             'auto_detect=false, IGNORE_ERRORS=true)',
           );
-          await conn.query(retryQuery);
+          await queryAndDrain(conn, retryQuery);
         } catch (retryErr) {
           const retryMsg = retryErr instanceof Error ? retryErr.message : String(retryErr);
           warnings.push(`${fromLabel}->${toLabel} (${rows} edges): ${retryMsg.slice(0, 80)}`);
@@ -562,11 +621,14 @@ const fallbackRelationshipInserts = async (
 
       const esc = (s: string) =>
         s.replace(/'/g, "''").replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/\n/g, '\\n').replace(/\r/g, '\\r');
-      await conn.query(`
+      await queryAndDrain(
+        conn,
+        `
         MATCH (a:${escapeLabel(fromLabel)} {id: '${esc(fromId)}' }),
               (b:${escapeLabel(toLabel)} {id: '${esc(toId)}' })
         CREATE (a)-[:${REL_TABLE_NAME} {type: '${esc(relType)}', confidence: ${confidence}, reason: '${esc(reason)}', step: ${step}}]->(b)
-      `);
+      `,
+      );
     } catch {
       // skip
     }
@@ -679,14 +741,14 @@ export const insertNodeToLbug = async (
     if (targetDbPath) {
       const tempHandle = await openLbugConnection(lbug, targetDbPath);
       try {
-        await tempHandle.conn.query(query);
+        await queryAndDrain(tempHandle.conn, query);
         return true;
       } finally {
         await closeLbugConnection(tempHandle);
       }
     } else if (conn) {
       // Use existing persistent connection (when called from analyze)
-      await conn.query(query);
+      await queryAndDrain(conn, query);
       return true;
     }
 
@@ -757,7 +819,7 @@ export const batchInsertNodesToLbug = async (
           query = `MERGE (n:${t} {id: ${escapeValue(properties.id)}}) SET n.name = ${escapeValue(properties.name)}, n.filePath = ${escapeValue(properties.filePath)}, n.startLine = ${properties.startLine || 0}, n.endLine = ${properties.endLine || 0}, n.content = ${escapeValue(properties.content || '')}${descPart}`;
         }
 
-        await tempConn.query(query);
+        await queryAndDrain(tempConn, query);
         inserted++;
       } catch (e: any) {
         // Don't console.error here - it corrupts MCP JSON-RPC on stderr
@@ -777,11 +839,7 @@ export const executeQuery = async (cypher: string): Promise<any[]> => {
   }
 
   const queryResult = await conn.query(cypher);
-  // LadybugDB uses getAll() instead of hasNext()/getNext()
-  // Query returns QueryResult for single queries, QueryResult[] for multi-statement
-  const result = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult[0] : queryResult;
-  const rows = await result.getAll();
-  return rows;
+  return await readQueryRows(queryResult);
 };
 
 export const streamQuery = async (
@@ -793,8 +851,10 @@ export const streamQuery = async (
   }
 
   const queryResult = await conn.query(cypher);
-  const result = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult[0] : queryResult;
+  const results = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult : [queryResult];
+  const result = results[0];
   let rowCount = 0;
+  let streamError: unknown;
 
   try {
     while (await result.hasNext()) {
@@ -803,11 +863,14 @@ export const streamQuery = async (
       rowCount++;
     }
     return rowCount;
+  } catch (err) {
+    streamError = err;
+    throw err;
   } finally {
     try {
-      await result.close();
-    } catch {
-      // Best-effort cleanup only.
+      await drainQueryResult(results);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (streamError === undefined) throw err;
     }
   }
 };
@@ -829,8 +892,7 @@ export const executePrepared = async (
     throw new Error(`Prepare failed: ${errMsg}`);
   }
   const queryResult = await conn.execute(stmt, params);
-  const result = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult[0] : queryResult;
-  return await result.getAll();
+  return await readQueryRows(queryResult);
 };
 
 export const executeWithReusedStatement = async (
@@ -852,7 +914,7 @@ export const executeWithReusedStatement = async (
     }
     try {
       for (const params of subBatch) {
-        await conn.execute(stmt, params);
+        await drainQueryResult(await conn.execute(stmt, params));
       }
     } catch (e) {
       const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
@@ -874,8 +936,7 @@ export const getLbugStats = async (): Promise<{ nodes: number; edges: number }>
       const queryResult = await conn.query(
         `MATCH (n:${escapeTableName(tableName)}) RETURN count(n) AS cnt`,
       );
-      const nodeResult = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult[0] : queryResult;
-      const nodeRows = await nodeResult.getAll();
+      const nodeRows = await readQueryRows(queryResult);
       if (nodeRows.length > 0) {
         totalNodes += Number(nodeRows[0]?.cnt ?? nodeRows[0]?.[0] ?? 0);
       }
@@ -889,8 +950,7 @@ export const getLbugStats = async (): Promise<{ nodes: number; edges: number }>
     const queryResult = await conn.query(
       `MATCH ()-[r:${REL_TABLE_NAME}]->() RETURN count(r) AS cnt`,
     );
-    const edgeResult = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult[0] : queryResult;
-    const edgeRows = await edgeResult.getAll();
+    const edgeRows = await readQueryRows(queryResult);
     if (edgeRows.length > 0) {
       totalEdges = Number(edgeRows[0]?.cnt ?? edgeRows[0]?.[0] ?? 0);
     }
@@ -926,8 +986,7 @@ export const loadCachedEmbeddings = async (): Promise<{
       const check = await conn.query(
         `MATCH (e:${EMBEDDING_TABLE_NAME}) RETURN e.nodeId AS nodeId, e.chunkIndex AS chunkIndex LIMIT 1`,
       );
-      const checkResult = Array.isArray(check) ? check[0] : check;
-      await checkResult.getAll();
+      await readQueryRows(check);
     } catch {
       return { embeddingNodeIds: new Set(), embeddings: [] };
     }
@@ -951,8 +1010,7 @@ export const loadCachedEmbeddings = async (): Promise<{
         throw err;
       }
     }
-    const result = Array.isArray(rows) ? rows[0] : rows;
-    for (const row of await result.getAll()) {
+    for (const row of await readQueryRows(rows)) {
       const nodeId = String(row.nodeId ?? row[0] ?? '');
       if (!nodeId) continue;
       embeddingNodeIds.add(nodeId);
@@ -1060,7 +1118,8 @@ export const fetchExistingEmbeddingHashes = async (
 export const flushWAL = async (): Promise<void> => {
   if (!conn) return;
   try {
-    await conn.query('CHECKPOINT');
+    const checkpointResult = await conn.query('CHECKPOINT');
+    await drainQueryResult(checkpointResult);
   } catch {
     /* ignore — older LadybugDB or schemaless DB may not accept it */
   }
@@ -1170,13 +1229,13 @@ export const deleteNodesForFile = async (
         const countResult = await targetConn!.query(
           `MATCH (n:${tn}) WHERE n.filePath = '${escapedPath}' RETURN count(n) AS cnt`,
         );
-        const result = Array.isArray(countResult) ? countResult[0] : countResult;
-        const rows = await result.getAll();
+        const rows = await readQueryRows(countResult);
         const count = Number(rows[0]?.cnt ?? rows[0]?.[0] ?? 0);
 
         if (count > 0) {
           // Delete nodes (and implicitly their relationships via DETACH)
-          await targetConn!.query(
+          await queryAndDrain(
+            targetConn!,
             `MATCH (n:${tn}) WHERE n.filePath = '${escapedPath}' DETACH DELETE n`,
           );
           deletedNodes += count;
@@ -1188,7 +1247,8 @@ export const deleteNodesForFile = async (
 
     // Also delete any embeddings for nodes in this file
     try {
-      await targetConn!.query(
+      await queryAndDrain(
+        targetConn!,
         `MATCH (e:${EMBEDDING_TABLE_NAME}) WHERE e.nodeId STARTS WITH '${escapedPath}' DELETE e`,
       );
     } catch {
@@ -1204,6 +1264,77 @@ export const deleteNodesForFile = async (
 
 export const getEmbeddingTableName = (): string => EMBEDDING_TABLE_NAME;
 
+/**
+ * Return the distinct repo-relative paths of files that import
+ * `targetFilePath` according to the IMPORTS edges currently in the
+ * DB. Used by the incremental writeback path to expand the
+ * "files-to-rewrite" set so that files importing a changed file get
+ * their edges (which may have been refined by cross-file resolution)
+ * re-emitted, rather than left stale in the DB.
+ *
+ * The DB query reads the *previous* run's state — pre-pipeline, before
+ * any nodes are deleted — so the returned importers are "files that
+ * USED TO import the target". That's the right set to invalidate:
+ * those are the files whose edges in the DB might no longer match
+ * what cross-file resolution produces given the changed file's new
+ * exports.
+ */
+export const queryImporters = async (targetFilePath: string): Promise<string[]> => {
+  if (!conn) {
+    throw new Error('LadybugDB not initialized. Call initLbug first.');
+  }
+  const escaped = targetFilePath.replace(/'/g, "''");
+  const cypher = `
+    MATCH (a)-[r:${REL_TABLE_NAME}]->(b)
+    WHERE r.type = 'IMPORTS' AND b.filePath = '${escaped}'
+    RETURN DISTINCT a.filePath AS importer
+  `;
+  try {
+    const queryResult = await conn.query(cypher);
+    const result = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult[0] : queryResult;
+    const rows = await result.getAll();
+    const out: string[] = [];
+    for (const row of rows) {
+      const v = (row as { importer?: unknown }).importer;
+      if (typeof v === 'string' && v.length > 0) out.push(v);
+    }
+    return out;
+  } catch {
+    return [];
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Drop every Community and Process node (and their MEMBER_OF /
+ * STEP_IN_PROCESS edges via DETACH DELETE). Used at the start of an
+ * incremental run so the communities and processes phases regenerate
+ * them from scratch on the merged graph — required for the
+ * "Leiden runs on the FULL graph" correctness invariant.
+ */
+export const deleteAllCommunitiesAndProcesses = async (): Promise<{
+  nodesDeleted: number;
+}> => {
+  if (!conn) {
+    throw new Error('LadybugDB not initialized. Call initLbug first.');
+  }
+  let nodesDeleted = 0;
+  for (const label of ['Community', 'Process']) {
+    try {
+      const countResult = await conn.query(`MATCH (n:${label}) RETURN count(n) AS cnt`);
+      const result = Array.isArray(countResult) ? countResult[0] : countResult;
+      const rows = await result.getAll();
+      const count = Number(rows[0]?.cnt ?? rows[0]?.[0] ?? 0);
+      if (count > 0) {
+        await conn.query(`MATCH (n:${label}) DETACH DELETE n`);
+        nodesDeleted += count;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // Table may not exist yet on a freshly-initialized DB — fine.
+    }
+  }
+  return { nodesDeleted };
+};
+
 // ============================================================================
 // Full-Text Search (FTS) Functions
 // ============================================================================
@@ -1232,7 +1363,7 @@ export const loadFTSExtension = async (
     throw new Error('LadybugDB not initialized. Call initLbug first.');
   }
 
-  const loaded = await extensionManager.ensure((sql) => c.query(sql), 'fts', 'FTS', opts);
+  const loaded = await extensionManager.ensure((sql) => queryAndDrain(c, sql), 'fts', 'FTS', opts);
   if (loaded && useModuleState) ftsLoaded = true;
   return loaded;
 };
@@ -1262,7 +1393,12 @@ export const loadVectorExtension = async (
     throw new Error('LadybugDB not initialized. Call initLbug first.');
   }
 
-  const loaded = await extensionManager.ensure((sql) => c.query(sql), 'VECTOR', 'VECTOR', opts);
+  const loaded = await extensionManager.ensure(
+    (sql) => queryAndDrain(c, sql),
+    'VECTOR',
+    'VECTOR',
+    opts,
+  );
   if (loaded && useModuleState) vectorExtensionLoaded = true;
   return loaded;
 };
@@ -1294,7 +1430,7 @@ export const createFTSIndex = async (
   const query = `CALL CREATE_FTS_INDEX('${tableName}', '${indexName}', [${propList}], stemmer := '${stemmer}')`;
 
   try {
-    await conn.query(query);
+    await queryAndDrain(conn, query);
     ensuredFTSIndexes.add(key);
   } catch (e: any) {
     if (e.message?.includes('already exists')) {
@@ -1378,8 +1514,7 @@ export const queryFTS = async (
 
   try {
     const queryResult = await conn.query(cypher);
-    const result = Array.isArray(queryResult) ? queryResult[0] : queryResult;
-    const rows = await result.getAll();
+    const rows = await readQueryRows(queryResult);
 
     return rows.map((row: any) => {
       const node = row.node || row[0] || {};
@@ -1410,7 +1545,7 @@ export const dropFTSIndex = async (tableName: string, indexName: string): Promis
   }
 
   try {
-    await conn.query(`CALL DROP_FTS_INDEX('${tableName}', '${indexName}')`);
+    await queryAndDrain(conn, `CALL DROP_FTS_INDEX('${tableName}', '${indexName}')`);
   } catch {
     // Index may not exist
   } finally {
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/run-analyze.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/run-analyze.ts
index fa2757f45..425f18f9a 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/run-analyze.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/run-analyze.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 import path from 'path';
 import fs from 'fs/promises';
+import { execFileSync } from 'child_process';
 import { runPipelineFromRepo } from './ingestion/pipeline.js';
 import {
   initLbug,
@@ -20,6 +21,9 @@ import {
   executeWithReusedStatement,
   closeLbug,
   loadCachedEmbeddings,
+  deleteNodesForFile,
+  deleteAllCommunitiesAndProcesses,
+  queryImporters,
 } from './lbug/lbug-adapter.js';
 import { createSearchFTSIndexes } from './search/fts-indexes.js';
 import {
@@ -29,7 +33,15 @@ import {
   ensureGitNexusIgnored,
   registerRepo,
   cleanupOldKuzuFiles,
+  INCREMENTAL_SCHEMA_VERSION,
 } from '../storage/repo-manager.js';
+import { computeFileHashes, diffFileHashes } from '../storage/file-hash.js';
+import {
+  extractChangedSubgraph,
+  computeEffectiveWriteSet,
+} from './incremental/subgraph-extract.js';
+import { shadowCandidatesFor } from './incremental/shadow-candidates.js';
+import { loadParseCache, saveParseCache, pruneCache } from '../storage/parse-cache.js';
 import {
   getCurrentCommit,
   getRemoteUrl,
@@ -178,23 +190,81 @@ export async function runFullAnalysis(
   const currentCommit = repoHasGit ? getCurrentCommit(repoPath) : '';
   const existingMeta = await loadMeta(storagePath);
 
+  // ── Crash recovery: dirty flag forces full rebuild ────────────────
+  // If the previous incremental run set incrementalInProgress and didn't
+  // clear it, the on-disk index may be in a half-state. Cheapest path
+  // back to a known-good index is to wipe + rebuild from scratch.
+  if (existingMeta?.incrementalInProgress) {
+    log(
+      'Previous incremental run did not complete cleanly (incrementalInProgress flag set); ' +
+        'forcing full rebuild to restore a known-good index.',
+    );
+    options = { ...options, force: true };
+    // Reload meta after clearing the flag in-memory; we still want fileHashes
+    // for the post-rebuild meta carry-over, but force=true ensures the
+    // rebuild path executes.
+  }
+
   // ── Early-return: already up to date ──────────────────────────────
   if (existingMeta && !options.force && existingMeta.lastCommit === currentCommit) {
     // Non-git folders have currentCommit = '' — always rebuild since we can't detect changes
     if (currentCommit !== '') {
-      await ensureGitNexusIgnored(repoPath);
-      return {
-        // `resolveRepoIdentityRoot` collapses worktree roots to the
-        // canonical repo basename (#1259) but leaves arbitrary subdirs
-        // and `--skip-git` paths unchanged (#1232/#1233 intent preserved).
-        repoName:
-          options.registryName ??
-          getInferredRepoName(repoPath) ??
-          path.basename(resolveRepoIdentityRoot(repoPath)),
-        repoPath,
-        stats: existingMeta.stats ?? {},
-        alreadyUpToDate: true,
-      };
+      // For git repos, even if HEAD matches lastCommit, the working tree
+      // may have uncommitted changes. Only short-circuit when the working
+      // tree is also clean — otherwise fall through to the incremental
+      // path which will hash-diff and update only changed files.
+      //
+      // We exclude paths that GitNexus itself writes during analyze:
+      //   .gitnexus/                  — db / parse cache / meta.json
+      //   .claude/, .cursor/          — auto-generated agent skill files
+      //   AGENTS.md, CLAUDE.md        — auto-updated stats blocks
+      // Counting them as dirty would perpetually defeat the up-to-date
+      // fast path because the previous analyze just wrote them
+      // (regression vs PR #1233 behavior).
+      const dirty = (() => {
+        try {
+          const out = execFileSync(
+            'git',
+            [
+              'status',
+              '--porcelain',
+              '--',
+              '.',
+              ':(exclude).gitnexus',
+              ':(exclude).gitnexus/**',
+              ':(exclude).claude',
+              ':(exclude).claude/**',
+              ':(exclude).cursor',
+              ':(exclude).cursor/**',
+              ':(exclude)AGENTS.md',
+              ':(exclude)CLAUDE.md',
+            ],
+            {
+              cwd: repoPath,
+              stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'ignore'],
+              encoding: 'utf8',
+            },
+          );
+          return out.trim().length > 0;
+        } catch {
+          return true; // conservative on git failure
+        }
+      })();
+      if (!dirty) {
+        await ensureGitNexusIgnored(repoPath);
+        return {
+          // `resolveRepoIdentityRoot` collapses worktree roots to the
+          // canonical repo basename (#1259) but leaves arbitrary subdirs
+          // and `--skip-git` paths unchanged (#1232/#1233 intent preserved).
+          repoName:
+            options.registryName ??
+            getInferredRepoName(repoPath) ??
+            path.basename(resolveRepoIdentityRoot(repoPath)),
+          repoPath,
+          stats: existingMeta.stats ?? {},
+          alreadyUpToDate: true,
+        };
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -243,6 +313,14 @@ export async function runFullAnalysis(
     );
   }
 
+  // We *always* load the embedding cache when one is requested (regardless
+  // of the predicted `willTryIncremental`). The post-pipeline branch may
+  // disagree with the prediction (e.g. when the pipeline produces zero
+  // File nodes, `isIncremental` flips false and the full-rebuild path
+  // wipes the DB) — loading unconditionally is cheap insurance against
+  // silently dropping embeddings on a mispredicted run. The re-insert
+  // step gates itself on the actual `isIncremental` value to avoid
+  // PK-conflicts when the incremental writeback path keeps the rows.
   if (shouldLoadCache && existingMeta) {
     try {
       progress('embeddings', 0, 'Caching embeddings...');
@@ -270,24 +348,89 @@ export async function runFullAnalysis(
     }
   }
 
+  // ── Load incremental parse cache ──────────────────────────────────
+  // Content-addressed: safe to reuse across `--force` runs (chunks whose
+  // file contents haven't changed produce identical worker output).
+  // Loaded into a single ParseCache object that the pipeline mutates
+  // in-place (cache hits leave entries unchanged; misses add new ones).
+  const parseCache = await loadParseCache(storagePath);
+
   // ── Phase 1: Full Pipeline (0–60%) ────────────────────────────────
-  const pipelineResult = await runPipelineFromRepo(repoPath, (p) => {
-    const phaseLabel = PHASE_LABELS[p.phase] || p.phase;
-    const scaled = Math.round(p.percent * 0.6);
-    const message = p.detail ? `${p.message || phaseLabel} (${p.detail})` : p.message || phaseLabel;
-    progress(p.phase, scaled, message);
-  });
+  const pipelineResult = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+    repoPath,
+    (p) => {
+      const phaseLabel = PHASE_LABELS[p.phase] || p.phase;
+      const scaled = Math.round(p.percent * 0.6);
+      const message = p.detail
+        ? `${p.message || phaseLabel} (${p.detail})`
+        : p.message || phaseLabel;
+      progress(p.phase, scaled, message);
+    },
+    { parseCache },
+  );
 
   // ── Phase 2: LadybugDB (60–85%) ──────────────────────────────────
   progress('lbug', 60, 'Loading into LadybugDB...');
 
-  await closeLbug();
-  const lbugFiles = [lbugPath, `${lbugPath}.wal`, `${lbugPath}.lock`];
-  for (const f of lbugFiles) {
-    try {
-      await fs.rm(f, { recursive: true, force: true });
-    } catch {
-      /* swallow */
+  // Compute current per-file content hashes from the pipeline's File nodes.
+  // Used both to drive the incremental DB writeback (when eligible) and to
+  // populate meta.json.fileHashes for the next run.
+  const allFilePaths: string[] = [];
+  pipelineResult.graph.forEachNode((n) => {
+    if (n.label === 'File') {
+      const fp = n.properties?.filePath as string | undefined;
+      if (fp) allFilePaths.push(fp);
+    }
+  });
+  const newFileHashes = await computeFileHashes(repoPath, allFilePaths);
+
+  // Decide incremental vs full at THIS point (post-pipeline, pre-DB).
+  // All eligibility conditions are checked here against the actual
+  // pipeline output — no separate pre-pipeline prediction to desync from
+  // (Bugbot review on PR #1479: a prediction that flipped post-pipeline
+  // could skip the embedding cache load and then take the full-rebuild
+  // path, silently losing embeddings).
+  const isIncremental =
+    !options.force &&
+    !!existingMeta &&
+    existingMeta.schemaVersion === INCREMENTAL_SCHEMA_VERSION &&
+    !!existingMeta.fileHashes &&
+    Object.keys(existingMeta.fileHashes).length > 0 &&
+    repoHasGit &&
+    allFilePaths.length > 0;
+
+  const hashDiff = isIncremental
+    ? diffFileHashes(newFileHashes, existingMeta!.fileHashes)
+    : undefined;
+
+  if (isIncremental && hashDiff) {
+    log(
+      `Incremental: changed=${hashDiff.changed.length}, ` +
+        `added=${hashDiff.added.length}, ` +
+        `deleted=${hashDiff.deleted.length} ` +
+        `(skipping wipe + ${
+          allFilePaths.length - hashDiff.toWrite.length
+        } unchanged file rows preserved)`,
+    );
+    // Set the dirty flag BEFORE any destructive DB mutation. Cleared on
+    // success at the meta-save step.
+    await saveMeta(storagePath, {
+      ...existingMeta!,
+      incrementalInProgress: {
+        startedAt: Date.now(),
+        toWriteCount: hashDiff.toWrite.length,
+      },
+    });
+  } else {
+    // Full rebuild path: wipe DB files first.
+    await closeLbug();
+    const lbugFiles = [lbugPath, `${lbugPath}.wal`, `${lbugPath}.lock`];
+    for (const f of lbugFiles) {
+      try {
+        await fs.rm(f, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      } catch {
+        /* swallow */
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -298,11 +441,145 @@ export async function runFullAnalysis(
     // must be released to avoid blocking subsequent invocations.
 
     let lbugMsgCount = 0;
-    await loadGraphToLbug(pipelineResult.graph, pipelineResult.repoPath, storagePath, (msg) => {
-      lbugMsgCount++;
-      const pct = Math.min(84, 60 + Math.round((lbugMsgCount / (lbugMsgCount + 10)) * 24));
-      progress('lbug', pct, msg);
-    });
+    if (isIncremental && hashDiff) {
+      // ── Incremental DB writeback ───────────────────────────────────
+      // 0. Expand the writable set with transitive importers of
+      //    changed/deleted files (bounded BFS).
+      //
+      //    Reason (Bugbot/Claude review on PR #1479): when a barrel /
+      //    re-export file C changes, cross-file resolution may update
+      //    CALLS edges between two unchanged files A and B (A imports
+      //    from C, C re-exports something from B). Those refined edges
+      //    live in `ctx.graph` but would be excluded from the subgraph
+      //    if neither endpoint is in the changed set. To catch this,
+      //    files that imported (directly OR transitively, through
+      //    other unchanged intermediaries) any changed file get pulled
+      //    into the writable set so their rows are deleted + rewritten
+      //    against the refined edges.
+      //
+      //    BFS bound: MAX_IMPORTER_BFS_DEPTH. Practically sized to
+      //    catch nested barrel chains (e.g. `index.ts → submodule/index.ts
+      //    → submodule/impl.ts`) without ballooning into a near-full-
+      //    rebuild on monorepos with deep re-export pyramids. Beyond
+      //    this depth, the "incremental ≡ full-rebuild" invariant is
+      //    self-acknowledged as best-effort; `--force` remains the
+      //    escape hatch documented in GUARDRAILS.md.
+      //
+      //    `queryImporters` reads `IMPORTS` from the pre-pipeline DB
+      //    state, so the result is "files that USED TO import the
+      //    target" — exactly the set whose previously-stored edges may
+      //    no longer match what cross-file resolution produces this run.
+      const MAX_IMPORTER_BFS_DEPTH = 4;
+      const writableFiles = new Set<string>(hashDiff.toWrite);
+      const directlyChangedCount = writableFiles.size;
+
+      // Shadow-seed: for ADDED files, queryImporters returns 0 (the new
+      // file has no IMPORTS rows in the pre-pipeline DB yet). But pre-
+      // existing unchanged files may have IMPORTS edges whose module-
+      // resolution claim the newcomer can steal under standard JS/TS
+      // resolution (Bugbot review on PR #1479). For each added file we
+      // derive the shadow candidates and, if the candidate was a known
+      // file in the prior meta, seed it into the BFS frontier so its
+      // importers — surfaced via queryImporters — get their CALLS edges
+      // re-resolved against the new file. See shadow-candidates.ts for
+      // the full pattern catalogue.
+      const priorFileSet = new Set<string>(
+        existingMeta?.fileHashes ? Object.keys(existingMeta.fileHashes) : [],
+      );
+      const shadowSeed: string[] = [];
+      for (const added of hashDiff.added) {
+        for (const cand of shadowCandidatesFor(added)) {
+          if (priorFileSet.has(cand) && !writableFiles.has(cand)) {
+            shadowSeed.push(cand);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      {
+        let frontier: string[] = [...hashDiff.toWrite, ...hashDiff.deleted, ...shadowSeed];
+        for (let depth = 0; depth < MAX_IMPORTER_BFS_DEPTH && frontier.length > 0; depth++) {
+          const nextFrontier: string[] = [];
+          for (const f of frontier) {
+            try {
+              const importers = await queryImporters(f);
+              for (const i of importers) {
+                if (!writableFiles.has(i)) {
+                  writableFiles.add(i);
+                  nextFrontier.push(i);
+                }
+              }
+            } catch {
+              /* per-file importer query failure → skip; correctness degrades on
+                 that branch, but DB stays writable. */
+            }
+          }
+          frontier = nextFrontier;
+        }
+      }
+      const importerExpansion = writableFiles.size - directlyChangedCount;
+      if (importerExpansion > 0) {
+        log(
+          `Incremental: +${importerExpansion} importer(s) added to writable set ` +
+            `(BFS depth ≤ ${MAX_IMPORTER_BFS_DEPTH}` +
+            (shadowSeed.length > 0 ? `, ${shadowSeed.length} shadow-seed(s)` : '') +
+            `)`,
+        );
+      }
+
+      // 1. Compute the EFFECTIVE write-set (Finding 1). Two layers,
+      //    composed:
+      //      (a) `writableFiles` — toWrite ∪ transitive importers of
+      //          changed/deleted files (the bounded BFS above, reading
+      //          IMPORTS from the pre-pipeline DB).
+      //      (b) `computeEffectiveWriteSet` — walks the NEW graph's
+      //          edges and pulls in any unchanged-side file that sits
+      //          on a writable-boundary-crossing edge (catches refined
+      //          cross-file CALLS edges that the pre-run DB couldn't
+      //          predict, e.g. a barrel re-export shifting `foo` from
+      //          B to D).
+      //    The composed set is the input to BOTH deleteNodesForFile
+      //    and extractChangedSubgraph — asymmetry between the two would
+      //    leave stale rows or PK-conflict at COPY time.
+      const effectiveWriteSet = computeEffectiveWriteSet(pipelineResult.graph, writableFiles);
+      // Deduped: deleted entries may already appear via importer-BFS
+      // expansion (queryImporters can return a now-deleted path), which
+      // would otherwise call deleteNodesForFile twice for the same file
+      // (Bugbot LOW finding on PR #1479).
+      const filesToDelete = [...new Set([...effectiveWriteSet, ...hashDiff.deleted])];
+      for (let i = 0; i < filesToDelete.length; i++) {
+        const f = filesToDelete[i];
+        try {
+          await deleteNodesForFile(f);
+        } catch {
+          /* file may not have rows (e.g. an unparseable file) — fine */
+        }
+        if (i % 20 === 0) {
+          progress('lbug', 62, `Removing rows for changed files (${i}/${filesToDelete.length})...`);
+        }
+      }
+      // 2. Drop graph-wide nodes (Community, Process). They'll be re-inserted
+      //    from the fresh pipeline output below. Required for the
+      //    "Leiden runs on the FULL graph" correctness invariant.
+      await deleteAllCommunitiesAndProcesses();
+
+      // 3. Extract the changed subgraph from the FULL ctx.graph and write
+      //    only that. Unchanged-file rows in the DB stay untouched. Pass
+      //    the SAME effectiveWriteSet so the subgraph and the deletes
+      //    cover identical files (asymmetry would silently corrupt).
+      const subgraph = extractChangedSubgraph(pipelineResult.graph, effectiveWriteSet);
+      await loadGraphToLbug(subgraph, pipelineResult.repoPath, storagePath, (msg) => {
+        lbugMsgCount++;
+        const pct = Math.min(84, 65 + Math.round((lbugMsgCount / (lbugMsgCount + 10)) * 19));
+        progress('lbug', pct, msg);
+      });
+    } else {
+      // ── Full rebuild ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+      await loadGraphToLbug(pipelineResult.graph, pipelineResult.repoPath, storagePath, (msg) => {
+        lbugMsgCount++;
+        const pct = Math.min(84, 60 + Math.round((lbugMsgCount / (lbugMsgCount + 10)) * 24));
+        progress('lbug', pct, msg);
+      });
+    }
 
     // ── Phase 3: FTS (85–90%) ─────────────────────────────────────────
     progress('fts', 85, 'Creating search indexes...');
@@ -310,6 +587,19 @@ export async function runFullAnalysis(
     progress('fts', 90, 'Search indexes ready');
 
     // ── Phase 3.5: Re-insert cached embeddings ────────────────────────
+    // Runs on BOTH the full-rebuild path and the incremental path:
+    //   - Full rebuild: DB was wiped, every cached row needs to come back.
+    //   - Incremental:  changed-file rows were just deleted by
+    //                   deleteNodesForFile (which cascades to their
+    //                   embedding rows) — so their cached vectors need
+    //                   to come back too. Unchanged-file rows still
+    //                   exist; re-inserting their cached vectors would
+    //                   PK-conflict, but the per-batch try/catch below
+    //                   silently ignores those (matches the existing
+    //                   "some may fail if node was removed, that's
+    //                   fine" semantics). Bugbot review on PR #1479
+    //                   flagged that gating this on `!isIncremental`
+    //                   silently lost changed-file embeddings.
     if (cachedEmbeddings.length > 0) {
       const cachedDims = cachedEmbeddings[0].embedding.length;
       const { EMBEDDING_DIMS } = await import('./lbug/schema.js');
@@ -456,6 +746,12 @@ export async function runFullAnalysis(
     const effectiveSemanticMode =
       semanticMode ??
       (runtimeCapabilities.semanticMode === 'vector-index' ? 'vector-index' : 'exact-scan');
+
+    // Convert the post-run file-hash map to the on-disk Record<string,string>
+    // shape consumed by RepoMeta.fileHashes.
+    const newFileHashesRecord: Record<string, string> = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of newFileHashes) newFileHashesRecord[k] = v;
+
     const meta = {
       repoPath,
       lastCommit: currentCommit,
@@ -485,8 +781,33 @@ export async function runFullAnalysis(
           reason: runtimeCapabilities.reason,
         },
       },
+      // Incremental-indexing fields. Populated for git repos so the next
+      // analyze run can take the incremental DB-writeback path. Setting
+      // incrementalInProgress to undefined explicitly clears any prior
+      // dirty flag (full and incremental success paths converge here).
+      schemaVersion: hasGitDir(repoPath) ? INCREMENTAL_SCHEMA_VERSION : undefined,
+      fileHashes: hasGitDir(repoPath) ? newFileHashesRecord : undefined,
+      incrementalInProgress: undefined as { startedAt: number; toWriteCount: number } | undefined,
     };
     await saveMeta(storagePath, meta);
+
+    // Persist the incremental parse cache for the next run. Wraps in
+    // try/catch so a cache-write failure never breaks an otherwise
+    // successful indexing run. Prune stale chunk-hash entries first so
+    // the cache file size stays bounded across runs (chunks whose
+    // composition no longer matches anything in the current scan are
+    // dead weight; the parse phase populates `usedKeys` as it processes
+    // chunks).
+    try {
+      const pruned = pruneCache(parseCache, parseCache.usedKeys);
+      if (pruned > 0) {
+        log(`Parse cache: pruned ${pruned} stale chunk entries`);
+      }
+      await saveParseCache(storagePath, parseCache);
+    } catch (e) {
+      log(`Warning: could not save parse cache (${(e as Error).message}); continuing.`);
+    }
+
     // Forward the --name alias and the registry-collision bypass bit.
     // `allowDuplicateName` is its own concern — independent from the
     // pipeline `force` above. The CLI maps it from
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/storage/file-hash.ts b/gitnexus/src/storage/file-hash.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b39111815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/storage/file-hash.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * Per-file content hashing for incremental DB writeback.
+ *
+ * On every analyze run we compute SHA-256 of every file's content and
+ * store the map in meta.json. The next run compares disk against the
+ * stored map and produces:
+ *   - `changed` — content differs (re-emit DB rows for this file)
+ *   - `added`   — file is new on disk (insert DB rows)
+ *   - `deleted` — file was in last meta but no longer on disk (drop rows)
+ *
+ * The pipeline still parses every file (correctness invariant: cross-file
+ * resolution needs full data). What this enables is a SELECTIVE DB
+ * writeback: instead of wipe-and-reload of the whole graph (~50s of CSV
+ * COPY on a 25K-node repo), we only delete-and-rewrite rows for the
+ * changed/added/deleted set.
+ *
+ * See docs/superpowers/specs/2026-05-10-incremental-indexing-design.md
+ * (Option B revision).
+ */
+
+import { createHash } from 'crypto';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
+import path from 'path';
+
+/**
+ * Compute SHA-256 of a single file. Returns null when the file can't be
+ * read — caller treats that as "no signature, assume changed".
+ */
+export const computeFileHash = async (absPath: string): Promise<string | null> => {
+  try {
+    const buf = await fs.readFile(absPath);
+    return createHash('sha256').update(buf).digest('hex');
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Compute SHA-256 hashes for many files in parallel batches. Files that
+ * fail to read are omitted from the result map.
+ */
+export const computeFileHashes = async (
+  repoPath: string,
+  relPaths: readonly string[],
+): Promise<Map<string, string>> => {
+  const out = new Map<string, string>();
+  const BATCH = 100;
+  for (let i = 0; i < relPaths.length; i += BATCH) {
+    const batch = relPaths.slice(i, i + BATCH);
+    const results = await Promise.all(
+      batch.map(async (rel) => {
+        const h = await computeFileHash(path.join(repoPath, rel));
+        return h ? ([rel, h] as const) : null;
+      }),
+    );
+    for (const r of results) if (r) out.set(r[0], r[1]);
+  }
+  return out;
+};
+
+/** Result of comparing the current on-disk hashes against stored ones. */
+export interface FileHashDiff {
+  /** Files whose content hash differs from stored. */
+  changed: string[];
+  /** Files in the current scan that weren't in the stored map. */
+  added: string[];
+  /** Files in the stored map that aren't in the current scan. */
+  deleted: string[];
+  /** All files whose DB rows must be replaced (changed ∪ added). */
+  toWrite: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Diff a current hash map against a previously stored one.
+ *
+ * Sorted output so two runs produce identical diff arrays for the same
+ * changes — useful for stable logging / equivalence checks.
+ */
+export const diffFileHashes = (
+  current: ReadonlyMap<string, string>,
+  stored: Readonly<Record<string, string>> | undefined,
+): FileHashDiff => {
+  const storedMap = new Map<string, string>(stored ? Object.entries(stored) : []);
+  const changed: string[] = [];
+  const added: string[] = [];
+  for (const [p, h] of current) {
+    const prev = storedMap.get(p);
+    if (prev === undefined) added.push(p);
+    else if (prev !== h) changed.push(p);
+  }
+  const deleted: string[] = [];
+  for (const p of storedMap.keys()) {
+    if (!current.has(p)) deleted.push(p);
+  }
+  changed.sort();
+  added.sort();
+  deleted.sort();
+  return {
+    changed,
+    added,
+    deleted,
+    toWrite: [...changed, ...added].sort(),
+  };
+};
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/storage/parse-cache.ts b/gitnexus/src/storage/parse-cache.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1abf76fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/storage/parse-cache.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/**
+ * Chunk-level content-addressed parse cache.
+ *
+ * The pipeline always parses every file (correctness invariant: cross-file
+ * resolution and downstream phases need full graph data). What this cache
+ * does is skip the tree-sitter worker dispatch when a chunk's contents
+ * haven't changed since the last run.
+ *
+ * Granularity: chunk-level. The parse phase chunks files into ~20MB byte
+ * budgets. The cache key is `sha256(joined(filePath:contentHash for each
+ * file in the chunk, sorted))`. A change to a single file invalidates only
+ * that file's chunk — typically 1 of ~50 chunks on a 1000-file repo.
+ *
+ * Why not per-file:
+ * - Workers process sub-batches and emit aggregated `ParseWorkerResult`s.
+ *   Splitting back to per-file would require reworking the worker contract.
+ * - Chunk-level invalidation gives a useful speedup floor (98% on a single
+ *   1-of-50 invalidated chunk) without touching the worker.
+ *
+ * Survives `--force` because it's content-addressed: the same bytes always
+ * produce the same key. `--force` only matters for the LadybugDB writeback;
+ * the cache itself is always safe to reuse.
+ */
+
+import { createHash } from 'crypto';
+import { createRequire } from 'module';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
+import path from 'path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+import type { ParseWorkerResult } from '../core/ingestion/workers/parse-worker.js';
+
+/**
+ * Cache version composed of:
+ *   - A schema bump knob (`SCHEMA_BUMP`) for hand-controlled invalidation
+ *     when ParseWorkerResult shape or upstream parse semantics change.
+ *   - The current `gitnexus` npm package version, read at module load.
+ *     Any release that ships an updated tree-sitter grammar or revised
+ *     extractor logic implies a version bump in package.json, which
+ *     automatically invalidates the on-disk cache. Without this, a user
+ *     running `npm i -g gitnexus@latest` after a parser-affecting
+ *     release would silently replay pre-upgrade ParseWorkerResults
+ *     against the new graph schema (Bugbot/Claude review on #1479).
+ *
+ * On version mismatch, `loadParseCache` returns an empty cache and the
+ * next save overwrites the on-disk file with the new version baked in.
+ */
+const SCHEMA_BUMP = 1;
+const GITNEXUS_PKG_VERSION = (() => {
+  try {
+    // package.json sits at gitnexus/package.json — two levels up from
+    // gitnexus/src/storage/parse-cache.ts (or its dist/ equivalent).
+    const here = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+    const candidates = [
+      path.join(here, '..', '..', 'package.json'), // src/storage → gitnexus/
+      path.join(here, '..', '..', '..', 'package.json'), // dist/storage → gitnexus/
+    ];
+    const requireCJS = createRequire(import.meta.url);
+    for (const c of candidates) {
+      try {
+        const pkg = requireCJS(c);
+        if (typeof pkg?.version === 'string') return pkg.version;
+      } catch {
+        /* try next candidate */
+      }
+    }
+  } catch {
+    /* fall through to fallback */
+  }
+  return '0.0.0-unknown';
+})();
+export const PARSE_CACHE_VERSION = `${SCHEMA_BUMP}+${GITNEXUS_PKG_VERSION}`;
+
+const CACHE_FILENAME = 'parse-cache.json';
+
+/** On-disk shape. */
+interface ParseCacheFile {
+  version: string;
+  /** key = chunk hash (hex) → cached chunk result list. */
+  entries: Record<string, ParseWorkerResult[]>;
+}
+
+/** Runtime view: keyed Map for fast lookup; mutated in place during a run. */
+export interface ParseCache {
+  version: string;
+  entries: Map<string, ParseWorkerResult[]>;
+  /**
+   * Hashes referenced (hit OR miss-and-stored) by the current run.
+   * The parse phase populates this as it processes chunks; the orchestrator
+   * uses it as input to `pruneCache` before saving so entries that no
+   * longer correspond to any chunk in the current scan are discarded.
+   * Transient — never serialized to disk.
+   */
+  usedKeys: Set<string>;
+}
+
+/** SHA-256 hex of a single string or buffer. */
+const sha256Hex = (input: Buffer | string): string =>
+  createHash('sha256')
+    .update(typeof input === 'string' ? Buffer.from(input) : input)
+    .digest('hex');
+
+/** Stable hash of a single file's contents — used by callers to compose a chunk hash. */
+export const fileContentHash = (content: Buffer | string): string => sha256Hex(content);
+
+/**
+ * Compute the canonical cache key for a chunk's contents.
+ *
+ * `entries` is the list of (filePath, file content hash) for every file
+ * in the chunk. We sort by filePath before hashing so chunks composed of
+ * the same files in different order produce the same key.
+ */
+export const computeChunkHash = (
+  entries: Array<{ filePath: string; contentHash: string }>,
+): string => {
+  const sorted = [...entries].sort((a, b) => (a.filePath < b.filePath ? -1 : 1));
+  const joined = sorted.map((e) => `${e.filePath}:${e.contentHash}`).join('\n');
+  return sha256Hex(joined);
+};
+
+/**
+ * JSON replacer that round-trips Map/Set instances through plain JSON.
+ *
+ * `ParseWorkerResult.parsedFiles[*].scopes[*].typeBindings` is a
+ * `ReadonlyMap<string, TypeRef>`; without this transform it serializes
+ * to `{}` and downstream code that iterates / `.get()`s on it crashes
+ * with "is not iterable". Applied symmetrically by `mapReviver` on
+ * load so the in-memory shape stays Map-typed.
+ */
+const MAP_TAG = '__$mapEntries$__';
+const SET_TAG = '__$setValues$__';
+
+const mapReplacer = (_key: string, value: unknown): unknown => {
+  if (value instanceof Map) return { [MAP_TAG]: Array.from(value.entries()) };
+  if (value instanceof Set) return { [SET_TAG]: Array.from(value.values()) };
+  return value;
+};
+
+const mapReviver = (_key: string, value: unknown): unknown => {
+  if (value && typeof value === 'object') {
+    const v = value as Record<string, unknown>;
+    if (Array.isArray(v[MAP_TAG])) return new Map(v[MAP_TAG] as [unknown, unknown][]);
+    if (Array.isArray(v[SET_TAG])) return new Set(v[SET_TAG] as unknown[]);
+  }
+  return value;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Load the parse cache. Returns an empty cache on any failure (missing
+ * file, corrupt JSON, version mismatch). Never throws on a normal load.
+ */
+export const loadParseCache = async (storagePath: string): Promise<ParseCache> => {
+  const cachePath = path.join(storagePath, CACHE_FILENAME);
+  try {
+    const raw = await fs.readFile(cachePath, 'utf-8');
+    const data = JSON.parse(raw, mapReviver) as ParseCacheFile;
+    if (
+      typeof data !== 'object' ||
+      data === null ||
+      data.version !== PARSE_CACHE_VERSION ||
+      typeof data.entries !== 'object' ||
+      data.entries === null
+    ) {
+      return emptyCache();
+    }
+    const entries = new Map<string, ParseWorkerResult[]>();
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(data.entries)) {
+      if (Array.isArray(v)) entries.set(k, v as ParseWorkerResult[]);
+    }
+    return { version: PARSE_CACHE_VERSION, entries, usedKeys: new Set<string>() };
+  } catch {
+    return emptyCache();
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Persist the cache to disk atomically (write-and-rename) so a crash
+ * mid-write doesn't leave a corrupt file.
+ */
+export const saveParseCache = async (storagePath: string, cache: ParseCache): Promise<void> => {
+  await fs.mkdir(storagePath, { recursive: true });
+  const cachePath = path.join(storagePath, CACHE_FILENAME);
+  const tmpPath = `${cachePath}.tmp`;
+  const out: ParseCacheFile = {
+    version: cache.version,
+    entries: Object.fromEntries(cache.entries),
+  };
+  // Compact JSON; this file can be tens of MB on a large repo and pretty-
+  // printing roughly doubles size for no value.
+  await fs.writeFile(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(out, mapReplacer), 'utf-8');
+  await fs.rename(tmpPath, cachePath);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Drop entries whose hashes are not in `usedHashes`. Called at the end
+ * of a run so chunks that no longer correspond to any current chunk
+ * don't keep their stale entries forever.
+ */
+export const pruneCache = (cache: ParseCache, usedHashes: ReadonlySet<string>): number => {
+  let removed = 0;
+  for (const k of cache.entries.keys()) {
+    if (!usedHashes.has(k)) {
+      cache.entries.delete(k);
+      removed++;
+    }
+  }
+  return removed;
+};
+
+const emptyCache = (): ParseCache => ({
+  version: PARSE_CACHE_VERSION,
+  entries: new Map<string, ParseWorkerResult[]>(),
+  usedKeys: new Set<string>(),
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/storage/repo-manager.ts b/gitnexus/src/storage/repo-manager.ts
index 8c0bda95f..456a6c143 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/storage/repo-manager.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/storage/repo-manager.ts
@@ -71,8 +71,40 @@ export interface RepoMeta {
     processes?: number;
     embeddings?: number;
   };
+  /**
+   * Bumped whenever incremental-indexing invariants change in an
+   * incompatible way (delete-and-rewrite logic, subgraph extraction,
+   * graph-wide node handling). On mismatch, runFullAnalysis forces a
+   * full rebuild rather than risk an inconsistent incremental update.
+   */
+  schemaVersion?: number;
+  /**
+   * SHA-256 of every file's content at the time of the last successful
+   * indexing run. The next run computes current hashes and diffs against
+   * this map to determine which files' DB rows must be replaced.
+   * Map keys are repo-relative paths.
+   */
+  fileHashes?: Record<string, string>;
+  /**
+   * Crash-recovery dirty flag. Written to meta.json BEFORE any
+   * destructive DB mutation in an incremental run; cleared on success
+   * by overwriting meta.json. If a run crashes between, the next run
+   * sees the flag and forces a full rebuild — the cheapest path back
+   * to a known-good index.
+   */
+  incrementalInProgress?: {
+    /** When the incremental run started (epoch ms). */
+    startedAt: number;
+    /** Number of files in the writable set, for diagnostic logs. */
+    toWriteCount: number;
+  };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Bumped whenever incremental-indexing invariants change incompatibly.
+ */
+export const INCREMENTAL_SCHEMA_VERSION = 1;
+
 export interface IndexedRepo {
   repoPath: string;
   storagePath: string;
@@ -186,12 +218,23 @@ export const loadMeta = async (storagePath: string): Promise<RepoMeta | null> =>
 };
 
 /**
- * Save metadata to storage
+ * Save metadata to storage.
+ *
+ * Atomic via tmp-file + rename (matches `saveParseCache`'s pattern). The
+ * `incrementalInProgress` dirty flag travels through this file — a crash
+ * mid-write would leave a corrupt `meta.json` that the next run's
+ * `loadMeta` would silently treat as "no prior index", losing the dirty
+ * flag and skipping the recovery full-rebuild. Write-and-rename rules
+ * that out: the rename is atomic on POSIX and on Windows (`fs.rename`
+ * on `node:fs/promises` uses `MoveFileEx(REPLACE_EXISTING)`), so either
+ * the old or the new file is observed at every moment.
  */
 export const saveMeta = async (storagePath: string, meta: RepoMeta): Promise<void> => {
   await fs.mkdir(storagePath, { recursive: true });
   const metaPath = path.join(storagePath, 'meta.json');
-  await fs.writeFile(metaPath, JSON.stringify(meta, null, 2), 'utf-8');
+  const tmpPath = `${metaPath}.tmp`;
+  await fs.writeFile(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(meta, null, 2), 'utf-8');
+  await fs.rename(tmpPath, metaPath);
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/BProvider.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/Models/User.php
similarity index 100%
rename from gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/BProvider.php
rename to gitnexus/test/fixtures/cross-file-binding/php-consumer-before-provider/app/Models/User.php
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-variadic-resolution/com/example/app/Main.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-variadic-resolution/com/example/app/Main.java
index e32e3c07e..88c3b71ac 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-variadic-resolution/com/example/app/Main.java
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-variadic-resolution/com/example/app/Main.java
@@ -1,10 +1,25 @@
 package com.example.app;
 
 import com.example.util.Logger;
+import com.example.util.Formatter;
 
 public class Main {
     public void run() {
         Logger logger = new Logger();
         logger.record("hello", "world", "test");
+
+        Formatter fmt = new Formatter();
+        // 2-arg call: satisfies fixed prefix (level) + 1 vararg
+        fmt.format(1, "hello");
+        // 3-arg call: satisfies fixed prefix (level) + 2 varargs
+        fmt.format(2, "hello", "world");
+    }
+
+    public void badCall() {
+        Formatter fmt = new Formatter();
+        // 0-arg call: does NOT satisfy the required fixed prefix (int level)
+        // This should be rejected by arity — no CALLS edge to format
+        fmt.format();
     }
 }
+
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-variadic-resolution/com/example/util/Formatter.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-variadic-resolution/com/example/util/Formatter.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6884acf16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-variadic-resolution/com/example/util/Formatter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.example.util;
+
+public class Formatter {
+    /** Varargs with a required fixed prefix — 0-arg calls should be rejected. */
+    public void format(int level, String... args) {
+        for (String a : args) System.out.println(level + ": " + a);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-wildcard-import/com/example/app/Main.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-wildcard-import/com/example/app/Main.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb4d88597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-wildcard-import/com/example/app/Main.java
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.example.app;
+
+import com.example.models.*;
+
+public class Main {
+    public void run() {
+        User user = new User();
+        user.save();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-wildcard-import/com/example/models/Order.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-wildcard-import/com/example/models/Order.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2804c749e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-wildcard-import/com/example/models/Order.java
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.example.models;
+
+public class Order {
+    public void submit() {
+        System.out.println("submitting order");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-wildcard-import/com/example/models/User.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-wildcard-import/com/example/models/User.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..910f44884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-wildcard-import/com/example/models/User.java
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.example.models;
+
+public class User {
+    public void save() {
+        System.out.println("saving user");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-calls/app/Services/UserService.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-calls/app/Services/UserService.php
index fa0a1b8be..882e12d64 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-calls/app/Services/UserService.php
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-calls/app/Services/UserService.php
@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@
 
 namespace App\Services;
 
-use function App\Utils\OneArg\log;
-use function App\Utils\ZeroArg\log as zero_log;
+use function App\Utils\OneArg\write_audit;
+use function App\Utils\ZeroArg\write_audit as zero_write_audit;
 
 function create_user(): string
 {
+    // Two visible write_audit candidates (different arities). Arity narrowing
+    // must pick the 1-arg OneArg version. This validates that visibility +
+    // arity together correctly disambiguate.
     return write_audit('hello');
 }
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/app/Services/Dynamic.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/app/Services/Dynamic.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4904f3c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/app/Services/Dynamic.php
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+/**
+ * Exercises every dynamic PHP call/access shape that the tree-sitter
+ * grammar should NOT capture as a resolvable reference. The negative
+ * regression suite asserts zero CALLS edges from `Dynamic::*` to any
+ * `Targets::*` method whose name only appears in dynamic position.
+ *
+ * Findings 1-7 of the adversarial review of PR #1497 confirmed via
+ * grammar inspection that these patterns produce zero captures; this
+ * fixture + test pair locks that invariant in regression coverage so
+ * a future query.ts edit cannot silently break it.
+ */
+class Dynamic
+{
+    public function memberCallDynamicName(Targets $obj): void
+    {
+        // $obj->$method() — dynamic method name via variable_name node.
+        // Query pattern requires `name: (name)` so this is not captured.
+        $method = 'dynamicProcess';
+        $obj->$method();
+    }
+
+    public function memberCallBraceDynamicName(Targets $obj): void
+    {
+        // $obj->{$method}() — brace-syntax variant of the above.
+        $method = 'dynamicBrace';
+        $obj->{$method}();
+    }
+
+    public function scopedCallDynamicMethodName(): void
+    {
+        // ClassName::$method() — dynamic method name on static dispatch.
+        $method = 'dynamicHandle';
+        Targets::$method();
+    }
+
+    public function scopedCallVariableClassNameStaticMethod($className): void
+    {
+        // $className::method() — class-name is an untyped parameter (no
+        // type hint, no string-literal assignment that could be picked up
+        // by a future type-binding heuristic). Receiver IS captured but
+        // resolution falls through because $className has no class type
+        // binding in scope. The unresolved-receiver fallback also doesn't
+        // fire because `dynamicStaticMethod` is unique workspace-wide AND
+        // exact-arity narrowing in U4 would still match — meaning the
+        // ONLY thing keeping the edge count at zero today is the absence
+        // of any type binding for the receiver.
+        $className::dynamicStaticMethod();
+    }
+
+    public function scopedCallDynamicClassAndMethodName(): void
+    {
+        // $className::$method() — both dynamic.
+        $className = 'App\\Services\\Targets';
+        $method = 'dynamicScopedDynName';
+        $className::$method();
+    }
+
+    public function callUserFuncVariableCallable($callable): void
+    {
+        // call_user_func($callable, ...) — resolver is structural-only
+        // and never inspects argument values to infer the callable.
+        // The literal `call_user_func` itself is an unresolved built-in.
+        call_user_func($callable);
+    }
+
+    public function callUserFuncArrayVariable($callable, $args): void
+    {
+        // call_user_func_array($callable, $args) — unknown-arity variant.
+        call_user_func_array($callable, $args);
+    }
+
+    public function callUserFuncStringCallable(): void
+    {
+        // 'Class::method' string-callable form — argument is a string
+        // literal, never reaches the function: child of function_call_expression.
+        call_user_func('App\\Services\\Targets::dynamicCallableMethod');
+    }
+
+    public function callUserFuncArrayObjectCallable(Targets $obj): void
+    {
+        // [$obj, 'method'] array-callable form — array is an argument
+        // value, not the function: child.
+        call_user_func([$obj, 'dynamicArrayCallableMethod']);
+    }
+
+    public function callUserFuncArrayClassNameCallable(): void
+    {
+        // ['Class', 'method'] array-callable with class-name string.
+        call_user_func(['App\\Services\\Targets', 'dynamicArrayClassCallableMethod']);
+    }
+
+    public function dynamicPropertyRead(Targets $obj): string
+    {
+        // $obj->$prop — dynamic property read. No read-access property
+        // capture pattern exists in query.ts at all (Finding 2).
+        $prop = 'dynamicProp';
+        return $obj->$prop;
+    }
+
+    public function sanityStaticCall(Targets $obj): void
+    {
+        // The fixture's deliberate sanity-check call. THIS one DOES emit
+        // a CALLS edge — if the assertion that this edge exists ever
+        // fails, the test infra is broken, not the dynamic-dispatch
+        // suppression. Without this, every zero-edge assertion above
+        // would pass even if the pipeline never emitted any edges at all.
+        $obj->sanityStaticallyNamedTarget();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/app/Services/OtherTargets.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/app/Services/OtherTargets.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8b70a20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/app/Services/OtherTargets.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+/**
+ * Second attractor class. Its purpose is to provide a NON-UNIQUE
+ * workspace-wide name for `dynamicStaticMethod`, so that the
+ * phpEmitUnresolvedReceiverEdges 0.6-confidence fallback cannot fire
+ * for the `$className::dynamicStaticMethod()` site in Dynamic.php.
+ * That isolates the dynamic-receiver test from the U4 concern
+ * (Finding 8 — unresolved-receiver fallback tightening).
+ */
+class OtherTargets
+{
+    public static function dynamicStaticMethod(): void {}
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/app/Services/Targets.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/app/Services/Targets.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..592a05c48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/app/Services/Targets.php
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+/**
+ * Attractors: every method name here is unique workspace-wide so that if
+ * the dynamic-dispatch suppression in the query / resolver layer ever
+ * regresses, the false-positive CALLS edges would surface against these
+ * targets.
+ */
+class Targets
+{
+    public function dynamicProcess(): void {}
+
+    public function dynamicHandle(): void {}
+
+    public function dynamicBrace(): void {}
+
+    public static function dynamicStaticMethod(): void {}
+
+    public static function dynamicScopedDynName(): void {}
+
+    public function dynamicCallableMethod(): void {}
+
+    public function dynamicArrayCallableMethod(): void {}
+
+    public function dynamicArrayClassCallableMethod(): void {}
+
+    public string $dynamicProp = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Sanity-check target: the fixture's one non-dynamic call DOES reach
+     * this method, proving the test infra emits CALLS edges normally.
+     */
+    public function sanityStaticallyNamedTarget(): void {}
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60ede80e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-dynamic-calls/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": { "App\\": "app/" }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/app/Models/User.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/app/Models/User.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f5843150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/app/Models/User.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Models;
+
+class User {
+    public function record(): string {
+        return 'App\\Models\\User::record';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/app/Other/User.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/app/Other/User.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb357d8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/app/Other/User.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Other;
+
+class User {
+    public function record(): string {
+        return 'App\\Other\\User::record';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/app/Services/Service.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/app/Services/Service.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9da57765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/app/Services/Service.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Services;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+
+// Two `User` classes exist in the workspace: App\Models\User and App\Other\User.
+// The `use App\Models\User` import binds the simple name `User` to App\Models\User.
+//
+// The `save` method uses a fully-qualified type hint `\App\Other\User` — PHP
+// runtime semantics: the leading backslash means "absolute namespace path",
+// so this parameter is always App\Other\User, even though the simple `User`
+// elsewhere in this file is App\Models\User.
+//
+// CALLS edges from `$u->record()` MUST resolve to app/Other/User.php::record,
+// NOT app/Models/User.php::record. The `saveLocal` method exercises the
+// simple-name path as a control — `User` here is the imported App\Models\User.
+class Service {
+    public function save(\App\Other\User $u): void {
+        $u->record();
+    }
+
+    public function saveLocal(User $u): void {
+        $u->record();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..386b0bd2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-fqn-cross-namespace/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": {
+      "App\\": "app/"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Models/ChildModel.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Models/ChildModel.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0dff935c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Models/ChildModel.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+class ChildModel extends ParentModel
+{
+    public function method(int $a, int $b): bool { return true; }
+
+    public function compat(int $a): bool { return true; }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Models/Orphan.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Models/Orphan.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3a0bc282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Models/Orphan.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+class Orphan
+{
+    public function method(int $a, int $b): bool { return true; }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Models/ParentModel.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Models/ParentModel.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e191bf18d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Models/ParentModel.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+class ParentModel
+{
+    public function method(int $a): bool { return true; }
+
+    public function compat(int $a): bool { return true; }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Services/Caller.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Services/Caller.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94e50dede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/app/Services/Caller.php
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+use App\Models\ChildModel;
+use App\Models\Orphan;
+
+class Caller
+{
+    public function callIncompatible(): void
+    {
+        // ChildModel::method takes 2 args; ParentModel::method takes 1.
+        // Class-name receiver -> hits Case 2 (findClassBindingInScope) in
+        // receiver-bound-calls.ts.
+        // Pre-fix bug: MRO walk emits a false CALLS edge to ParentModel::method
+        // because Case 2 used `continue` on arity mismatch and fell through.
+        // Post-fix: zero edges (PHP throws ArgumentCountError at runtime).
+        ChildModel::method(1);
+    }
+
+    public function callCompatible(): void
+    {
+        // Happy path: ChildModel::compat takes 1 arg; matches call site.
+        ChildModel::compat(1);
+    }
+
+    public function callNoParent(): void
+    {
+        // Orphan::method takes 2 args; called with 1; no parent class exists.
+        // Pre-fix: same Case 2 bug — the loop exhausts with memberDef cleared,
+        // BUT with `continue` the loop simply ends after one iteration since
+        // the chain has only one entry; no edge would have been emitted here
+        // even pre-fix. Post-fix: same — zero edges. Documents the boundary.
+        Orphan::method(1);
+    }
+
+    public function callMostDerivedHappy(): void
+    {
+        // Happy path: ChildModel::method takes 2 args; matches call site.
+        ChildModel::method(1, 2);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60ede80e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-mro-arity-mismatch/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": { "App\\": "app/" }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3675b0d1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": {
+      "App\\": "src/App/",
+      "Vendor\\": "src/Vendor/"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/App/Caller.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/App/Caller.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6fecabb3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/App/Caller.php
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+namespace App;
+
+use function Vendor\Utils\format as vendorFormat;
+
+class Caller {
+    public function callNoImport(): string {
+        // No use function for `format`. Caller is in \App, candidates live
+        // in \App\Utils and \Vendor\Utils. PHP runtime: Call to undefined
+        // function App\format. Resolver must emit NO edge.
+        return format('x');
+    }
+
+    public function callImported(): string {
+        // Imported via `use function Vendor\Utils\format as vendorFormat`.
+        // Resolver must emit an edge to Vendor\Utils\format.
+        return vendorFormat('x', 80);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/App/Utils/Caller.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/App/Utils/Caller.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b68ce2502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/App/Utils/Caller.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Utils;
+
+class Caller {
+    public function callSameNamespace(): string {
+        // Caller is in \App\Utils, calls `format('x')`. Same-namespace
+        // resolution: emit edge to \App\Utils\format.
+        return format('x');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/App/Utils/Format.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/App/Utils/Format.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bd6c1172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/App/Utils/Format.php
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Utils;
+
+function format(string $s): string {
+    return $s;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/Vendor/Utils/Format.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/Vendor/Utils/Format.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4379e3f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-namespace-fallback-isolation/src/Vendor/Utils/Format.php
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?php
+namespace Vendor\Utils;
+
+function format(string $s, int $width): string {
+    return str_pad($s, $width);
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/app/Auditable.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/app/Auditable.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15a0ef4b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/app/Auditable.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+namespace App;
+
+trait Auditable {
+    public function record(): string {
+        return 'trait';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/app/Base.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/app/Base.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce9f31bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/app/Base.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+namespace App;
+
+class Base {
+    public function record(): string {
+        return 'base';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/app/Child.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/app/Child.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc770899c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/app/Child.php
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?php
+namespace App;
+
+class Child extends Base {
+    use Auditable;
+
+    public function callViaParent(): string {
+        return parent::record();
+    }
+
+    public function callViaThis(): string {
+        return $this->record();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..386b0bd2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-parent-vs-trait/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": {
+      "App\\": "app/"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Models/Consumer.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Models/Consumer.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86d330173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Models/Consumer.php
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use App\Traits\TraitA;
+
+class Consumer {
+    use TraitA;
+
+    public function callDepthOne(): string {
+        return $this->aMethod();
+    }
+
+    public function callDepthTwo(): string {
+        return $this->bMethod();
+    }
+
+    public function callDepthThree(): string {
+        return $this->deepMethod();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Traits/TraitA.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Traits/TraitA.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4408b8dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Traits/TraitA.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Traits;
+
+trait TraitA {
+    use TraitB;
+
+    public function aMethod(): string {
+        return 'from A';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Traits/TraitB.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Traits/TraitB.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24414252a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Traits/TraitB.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Traits;
+
+trait TraitB {
+    use TraitC;
+
+    public function bMethod(): string {
+        return 'from B';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Traits/TraitC.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Traits/TraitC.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be3ba8318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/app/Traits/TraitC.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Traits;
+
+trait TraitC {
+    public function deepMethod(): string {
+        return 'from C';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..386b0bd2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-transitive-traits/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": {
+      "App\\": "app/"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-typed-property-dedup/app/Models/UserRepo.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-typed-property-dedup/app/Models/UserRepo.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae0438e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-typed-property-dedup/app/Models/UserRepo.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+class UserRepo
+{
+    public function save(): void {}
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-typed-property-dedup/app/Services/Mixed.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-typed-property-dedup/app/Services/Mixed.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..037b04629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-typed-property-dedup/app/Services/Mixed.php
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+use App\Models\UserRepo;
+
+class Mixed
+{
+    // Typed property: must emit exactly one Property def named `repo`,
+    // zero stray Variable defs.
+    private UserRepo $repo;
+
+    // Untyped property: must emit exactly one (legitimate) catch-all def
+    // for `$id`, and zero Property defs for it.
+    public $id;
+
+    // Constructor-promoted typed parameter: tree-sitter routes these
+    // through the same `property_element` shape, so the dedup must also
+    // suppress the stray Variable here.
+    public function __construct(private UserRepo $promotedRepo)
+    {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-typed-property-dedup/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-typed-property-dedup/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60ede80e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-typed-property-dedup/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": { "App\\": "app/" }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-unresolved-receiver-arity/app/Models/Handler.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-unresolved-receiver-arity/app/Models/Handler.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68583c58a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-unresolved-receiver-arity/app/Models/Handler.php
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+/**
+ * Single workspace-unique candidate for each fallback-method name so the
+ * unresolved-receiver fallback in phpEmitUnresolvedReceiverEdges fires
+ * for untyped receivers. The names are deliberately chosen to NOT collide
+ * with other fixtures so cross-fixture test interference cannot occur.
+ *
+ * Method-arity matrix:
+ *   - happyPath():                                         min=0, max=0
+ *   - withDefault(string $a, int $b = 0):                  min=1, max=2
+ *   - variadicLog(string $level, ...$args):                min=1, max=undefined, hasVarArgs
+ *   - variadicLogTwoRequired(string $a, string $b, ...$rest): min=2, max=undefined, hasVarArgs
+ */
+class Handler
+{
+    public function happyPath(): void {}
+
+    public function withDefault(string $a, int $b = 0): void {}
+
+    public function variadicLog(string $level, ...$args): void {}
+
+    public function variadicLogTwoRequired(string $a, string $b, ...$rest): void {}
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-unresolved-receiver-arity/app/Services/Caller.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-unresolved-receiver-arity/app/Services/Caller.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53f3135ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-unresolved-receiver-arity/app/Services/Caller.php
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+/**
+ * Each method's receiver is an untyped parameter so the high-confidence
+ * receiver-bound passes drop the site, leaving it for
+ * phpEmitUnresolvedReceiverEdges (the 0.6-confidence fallback).
+ *
+ * The fallback's gate is EXACT-required-arity post-fix:
+ *   - call argCount === fnDef.requiredParameterCount  → edge emitted
+ *   - call argCount !== required, non-variadic         → NO edge (post-fix; pre-fix may have emitted)
+ *   - variadic candidate, argCount >= required         → edge emitted
+ *   - variadic candidate, argCount <  required         → NO edge
+ */
+class Caller
+{
+    public function callHappyPath($h): void
+    {
+        // happyPath(): min=0. argCount=0 → exact match. Edge.
+        $h->happyPath();
+    }
+
+    public function callDefaultExactRequired($h): void
+    {
+        // withDefault($a, $b=0): min=1. argCount=1 === min → exact match. Edge.
+        $h->withDefault('a');
+    }
+
+    public function callDefaultBeyondRequired($h): void
+    {
+        // withDefault($a, $b=0): min=1, max=2. argCount=2 > min.
+        // Pre-fix: first-stage narrow accepts (2 <= 2), edge emitted.
+        // Post-fix: exact-required gate rejects (2 !== 1), no edge.
+        $h->withDefault('a', 99);
+    }
+
+    public function callVariadicAtRequired($h): void
+    {
+        // variadicLog($level, ...$args): min=1, hasVarArgs.
+        // argCount=1 === min → edge emitted (variadic relaxed path).
+        $h->variadicLog('info');
+    }
+
+    public function callVariadicBeyondRequired($h): void
+    {
+        // variadicLog($level, ...$args): min=1, hasVarArgs.
+        // argCount=2 > min, variadic → edge emitted.
+        $h->variadicLog('info', 'arg1');
+    }
+
+    public function callVariadicBelowRequired($h): void
+    {
+        // variadicLogTwoRequired($a, $b, ...$rest): min=2, hasVarArgs.
+        // argCount=1 < min → no edge (first-stage rejects). Both pre/post-fix.
+        $h->variadicLogTwoRequired('only-one');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-unresolved-receiver-arity/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-unresolved-receiver-arity/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60ede80e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-unresolved-receiver-arity/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": { "App\\": "app/" }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-variadic-arity-minimum/app/Services/Caller.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-variadic-arity-minimum/app/Services/Caller.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1da29a43a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-variadic-arity-minimum/app/Services/Caller.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Services;
+
+use App\Utils\Logger;
+
+class Caller {
+    public function callValidRecord(): void {
+        Logger::record('info', 'started', 'processing', 'done');
+    }
+
+    public function callValidRecordMin(): void {
+        Logger::record('info');
+    }
+
+    public function callTooFewRecord(): void {
+        Logger::record();
+    }
+
+    public function callPureVariadic(): string {
+        return Logger::format();
+    }
+
+    public function callPadMin(): string {
+        return Logger::pad('x');
+    }
+
+    public function callPadTooFew(): string {
+        return Logger::pad();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-variadic-arity-minimum/app/Utils/Logger.php b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-variadic-arity-minimum/app/Utils/Logger.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..469679111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-variadic-arity-minimum/app/Utils/Logger.php
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+namespace App\Utils;
+
+class Logger {
+    public static function record(string $level, string ...$messages): void {
+        foreach ($messages as $msg) {
+            echo "[$level] $msg\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function format(...$parts): string {
+        return implode('', array_map('strval', $parts));
+    }
+
+    public static function pad(string $s, int $w = 80, string ...$chars): string {
+        $pad = empty($chars) ? ' ' : implode('', $chars);
+        return str_pad($s, $w, $pad);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-variadic-arity-minimum/composer.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-variadic-arity-minimum/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..386b0bd2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/php-variadic-arity-minimum/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": {
+      "App\\": "app/"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/pipeline-golden/mini-repo/expected-graph.json b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/pipeline-golden/mini-repo/expected-graph.json
index 0d66fd3a7..34f2a6106 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/pipeline-golden/mini-repo/expected-graph.json
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/pipeline-golden/mini-repo/expected-graph.json
@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@
     "MEMBER_OF": 12,
     "STEP_IN_PROCESS": 12
   },
-  "edgeDigest": "a418debec537cf959fe56fd1fbbbfb59a640398cdb3c61ce0bcb8056c1f45110"
+  "edgeDigest": "6f414427a20c037df3e336f055c83f987e7d381c9bfa73b4d2be690cb8103302"
 }
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/lbug-close-handle-release.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/lbug-close-handle-release.test.ts
index c0a3b8758..65a53bc7d 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/lbug-close-handle-release.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/lbug-close-handle-release.test.ts
@@ -8,9 +8,16 @@
  * absorbed by the open-time retry in `lbug-config.ts`.
  */
 import path from 'path';
-import { describe, it } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 import { createTempDir } from '../helpers/test-db.js';
 
+/**
+ * LadybugDB's native Windows file lock can outlive Database.close() for
+ * same-process close/reopen cycles. Keep true reopen coverage on POSIX and
+ * cover ordering deterministically in lbug-checkpoint-lifecycle.test.ts.
+ */
+const itLbugReopen = process.platform === 'win32' ? it.skip : it;
+
 describe('safeClose — close + reopen does not surface lock errors', () => {
   it('survives 10 sequential open/close/reopen cycles on the same path', async () => {
     const tmp = await createTempDir('gitnexus-lbug-close-cycle-');
@@ -38,4 +45,38 @@ describe('safeClose — close + reopen does not surface lock errors', () => {
       await tmp.cleanup();
     }
   });
+
+  itLbugReopen('flushes WAL when switching between two database paths in one process', async () => {
+    const repoA = await createTempDir('gitnexus-lbug-switch-a-');
+    const repoB = await createTempDir('gitnexus-lbug-switch-b-');
+    const dbPathA = path.join(repoA.dbPath, 'lbug');
+    const dbPathB = path.join(repoB.dbPath, 'lbug');
+
+    try {
+      const adapter = await import('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.js');
+
+      await adapter.withLbugDb(dbPathA, async () => {
+        await adapter.executeQuery(
+          "CREATE (:File {id: 'file:a', name: 'a.ts', filePath: 'a.ts', content: 'repo a'})",
+        );
+      });
+
+      await adapter.withLbugDb(dbPathB, async () => {
+        await adapter.executeQuery(
+          "CREATE (:File {id: 'file:b', name: 'b.ts', filePath: 'b.ts', content: 'repo b'})",
+        );
+      });
+
+      const rows = await adapter.withLbugDb(dbPathA, async () =>
+        adapter.executeQuery("MATCH (n:File {id: 'file:a'}) RETURN n.filePath AS filePath"),
+      );
+
+      expect(rows).toEqual([{ filePath: 'a.ts' }]);
+    } finally {
+      const adapter = await import('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.js');
+      await adapter.closeLbug().catch(() => {});
+      await repoA.cleanup();
+      await repoB.cleanup();
+    }
+  });
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/helpers.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/helpers.ts
index b8e2676c6..571f2121f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/helpers.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/helpers.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,52 @@ const LEGACY_RESOLVER_PARITY_EXPECTED_FAILURES: Readonly<Record<string, Readonly
     // which is only available in the registry-primary path.
     'resolves user.Save() to the method whose receiver type is declared in another package file',
   ]),
+  php: new Set([
+    // Arity-narrowing in `pickUniqueGlobalCallable` rejects free-call
+    // candidates that are definitively below required-parameter-count. The
+    // legacy DAG path does not narrow on arity, so it emits over-broad CALLS
+    // edges for variadic functions invoked with too few args even though
+    // the only candidate's required count is non-zero. Scope-resolver-only
+    // correctness win (commit af9af4a9 U1); backporting to legacy is out
+    // of scope.
+    'does NOT emit CALLS edge for record() with zero args (below required=1)',
+    'does NOT emit CALLS edge for pad() with zero args (below required=1)',
+    // `$this->method()` precedence inside a class that composes a trait AND
+    // extends a parent both defining the same method requires the augmented
+    // trait-aware MRO (trait shadows parent). The legacy DAG has no
+    // trait-aware MRO, so it fails to bind the call to the trait. Scope-
+    // resolver-only correctness win (commit af9af4a9 U3).
+    '$this->record() still resolves to Auditable::record (trait shadows parent)',
+    // Fully-qualified type-hint resolution (`\App\Other\User $u` parameter)
+    // routes through the scope-resolver's bindingAugmentations channel
+    // populated by `populatePhpNamespaceSiblings` Step 3b. The legacy DAG
+    // resolves receiver types via simple-name workspace lookup and has no
+    // namespace-prefixed binding channel, so it cannot distinguish the FQN
+    // target from a same-simple-name class reachable via `use`. Scope-
+    // resolver-only correctness win (Codex PR #1497 review, finding 1).
+    '\\App\\Other\\User parameter resolves $u->record() to app/Other/User.php (NOT app/Models/User.php)',
+    // MRO arity-mismatch on class-name receivers (`Child::method(1)` where
+    // Child::method takes 2 args and Parent::method takes 1): the legacy
+    // DAG has no arity narrowing on Case 2 (class-name) MRO walk, so it
+    // emits a false CALLS edge to Parent::method on fallthrough. Scope-
+    // resolver-only correctness win (PR #1497 review Image 1 / U1).
+    'arity-incompatible most-derived override does NOT fall through to ParentModel::method',
+    // Class-name receiver with single-class arity mismatch (no parent in
+    // the MRO chain): legacy resolves the method by name without arity
+    // gating, so it emits a CALLS edge even when arity is definitively
+    // incompatible. The scope-resolver's `narrowOverloadCandidates` check
+    // in `receiver-bound-calls.ts` Case 2 rejects this post-fix. Scope-
+    // resolver-only correctness win (PR #1497 / U1).
+    'arity-incompatible class with no parent emits zero CALLS edges (regression check)',
+    // `phpEmitUnresolvedReceiverEdges` exact-required-arity gate (PR
+    // #1497 / U4): the legacy DAG has no equivalent unresolved-receiver
+    // fallback hook, so it resolves these untyped-receiver sites via a
+    // different code path that over-emits for default-parameter and
+    // variadic-required-mismatch shapes. Scope-resolver-only correctness
+    // wins; backporting to legacy is out of scope.
+    'argCount > required (2>1) on candidate with default param emits NO edge post-fix',
+    'variadic candidate, argCount < required (1<2) emits NO edge',
+  ]),
   python: new Set([
     // Suffix-fallback lex tiebreak depends on the registry-primary
     // resolver's deterministic sort. The legacy resolver returns the
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts
index d9bae90bf..8a813525b 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 /**
  * Java: class extends + implements multiple interfaces + ambiguous package disambiguation
  */
-import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, expect, beforeAll } from 'vitest';
 import path from 'path';
 import {
   FIXTURES,
   CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES,
+  createResolverParityIt,
   getRelationships,
   getNodesByLabel,
   getNodesByLabelFull,
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ import {
   type PipelineResult,
 } from './helpers.js';
 
+const it = createResolverParityIt('java');
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Heritage: class extends + implements multiple interfaces
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -438,6 +441,54 @@ describe('Java variadic call resolution', () => {
     }
     expect(allDangling).toEqual([]);
   });
+
+  it('resolves 2-arg call to fixed-prefix varargs method format(int, String...) in Formatter.java', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const fmtCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'format' && c.source === 'run');
+    expect(fmtCall).toBeDefined();
+    expect(fmtCall!.targetFilePath).toBe('com/example/util/Formatter.java');
+  });
+
+  it('0-arg call to format(int, String...) still resolves in legacy mode (arity rejection is registry-only)', () => {
+    // In REGISTRY_PRIMARY_JAVA=1 mode, `requiredParameterCount = 1` causes
+    // `javaArityCompatibility` to return 'incompatible' for 0-arg calls,
+    // preventing the CALLS edge. In default (legacy) mode, arity is not
+    // enforced so the edge is created. This test documents the legacy
+    // behavior; the negative assertion is a flip-blocker for registry-primary.
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const zeroArgFmtCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'format' && c.source === 'badCall');
+    expect(zeroArgFmtCall).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Wildcard import: `import com.example.models.*` resolves to a package file
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('Java wildcard import resolution', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'java-wildcard-import'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('parses wildcard import without errors and creates graph nodes', () => {
+    // The wildcard import (`import com.example.models.*`) exercises the
+    // directoryChild branch in resolveJavaImportTarget.  Even if no IMPORTS
+    // edge is created (nondeterministic file selection — documented flip
+    // blocker), the graph must contain valid nodes for all classes.
+    const classes = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class');
+    expect(classes).toContain('Main');
+    expect(classes).toContain('User');
+    expect(classes).toContain('Order');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves user.save() call via wildcard-imported User', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const saveCall = calls.find((c) => c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'run');
+    expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
+    expect(saveCall!.targetFilePath).toBe('com/example/models/User.java');
+  });
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/php.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/php.test.ts
index e120d92f4..336e5dee2 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/php.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/php.test.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 /**
  * PHP: PSR-4 imports, extends, implements, trait use, enums, calls + ambiguous disambiguation
  */
-import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, expect, beforeAll } from 'vitest';
 import path from 'path';
 import {
   FIXTURES,
   CROSS_FILE_FIXTURES,
+  createResolverParityIt,
   getRelationships,
   getNodesByLabel,
   getNodesByLabelFull,
@@ -14,6 +15,12 @@ import {
   type PipelineResult,
 } from './helpers.js';
 
+// Wrap vitest's `it` so legacy-DAG-only divergences (commit af9af4a9 U1/U3)
+// are skipped under REGISTRY_PRIMARY_PHP=0. The skip list lives in
+// helpers.ts:LEGACY_RESOLVER_PARITY_EXPECTED_FAILURES.php — sibling pattern
+// to csharp/typescript/python.
+const it = createResolverParityIt('php');
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Heritage: PSR-4 imports, extends, implements, trait use, enums, calls
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -91,6 +98,10 @@ describe('PHP heritage & import resolution', () => {
     expect(targets).toContain('label');
   });
 
+  // save($entity: mixed) calls $entity->getId() — the receiver is typed `mixed`
+  // so there is no TypeRef in scope. The scope-resolver `emitUnresolvedReceiverEdges`
+  // hook (PHP-wired) recovers this case via workspace-wide unique-name lookup,
+  // matching the legacy DAG behavior.
   it('emits CALLS edge: save → getId', () => {
     const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS').filter(
       (e) => e.source === 'save' && e.target === 'getId',
@@ -439,6 +450,161 @@ describe('PHP variadic call resolution', () => {
   });
 });
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Variadic arity minimum: required-arg count must be enforced for variadic
+// functions. f(int $req, ...$rest) called as f() is an ArgumentCountError at
+// PHP runtime and must NOT emit a CALLS edge from the resolver.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('PHP variadic arity minimum (U1)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'php-variadic-arity-minimum'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  const callsFrom = (source: string, target: string) =>
+    getRelationships(result, 'CALLS').filter((c) => c.source === source && c.target === target);
+
+  it('emits CALLS edge for record(level, ...msgs) with arity 4 (happy path)', () => {
+    expect(callsFrom('callValidRecord', 'record').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edge for record(level) with only the required arg (arity 1)', () => {
+    expect(callsFrom('callValidRecordMin', 'record').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('does NOT emit CALLS edge for record() with zero args (below required=1)', () => {
+    expect(callsFrom('callTooFewRecord', 'record').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edge for format() — pure variadic, required=0', () => {
+    expect(callsFrom('callPureVariadic', 'format').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edge for pad("x") — required+optional+variadic, only required given', () => {
+    expect(callsFrom('callPadMin', 'pad').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('does NOT emit CALLS edge for pad() with zero args (below required=1)', () => {
+    expect(callsFrom('callPadTooFew', 'pad').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Transitive trait MRO: trait A uses B uses C — Consumer using A must see C's
+// methods. Current depth-2 expansion in buildPhpMro silently drops methods
+// from 3+ level chains.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('PHP transitive trait MRO (U2)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'php-transitive-traits'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  const callsFrom = (source: string, target: string) =>
+    getRelationships(result, 'CALLS').filter((c) => c.source === source && c.target === target);
+
+  it('detects 3 traits and 1 class', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Trait')).toEqual(['TraitA', 'TraitB', 'TraitC']);
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('Consumer');
+  });
+
+  it('depth-1: $this->aMethod() resolves to TraitA::aMethod', () => {
+    expect(callsFrom('callDepthOne', 'aMethod').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('depth-2: $this->bMethod() resolves to TraitB::bMethod (TraitA uses TraitB)', () => {
+    expect(callsFrom('callDepthTwo', 'bMethod').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('depth-3: $this->deepMethod() resolves to TraitC::deepMethod (TraitA → TraitB → TraitC)', () => {
+    expect(callsFrom('callDepthThree', 'deepMethod').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// parent:: bypasses traits. When a class composes a trait AND extends a parent
+// that both define the same method name, parent::method() must resolve to the
+// parent class (PHP semantics), NOT the trait. $this->method() still goes to
+// the trait (PHP's own-class > trait > parent precedence).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('PHP parent:: bypasses traits (U3)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'php-parent-vs-trait'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  const callsFromTo = (source: string, target: string, file: string) =>
+    getRelationships(result, 'CALLS').filter(
+      (c) => c.source === source && c.target === target && c.targetFilePath === file,
+    );
+
+  it('parent::record() resolves to Base::record, NOT Auditable::record', () => {
+    expect(callsFromTo('callViaParent', 'record', 'app/Base.php').length).toBe(1);
+    expect(callsFromTo('callViaParent', 'record', 'app/Auditable.php').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('$this->record() still resolves to Auditable::record (trait shadows parent)', () => {
+    expect(callsFromTo('callViaThis', 'record', 'app/Auditable.php').length).toBe(1);
+    expect(callsFromTo('callViaThis', 'record', 'app/Base.php').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Namespace-aware free-call fallback. PHP's `pickUniqueGlobalCallable` must
+// reject cross-namespace candidates that the caller can't reach without an
+// explicit `use function` import. Same-namespace and globally-imported calls
+// still emit edges.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('PHP namespace-aware free-call fallback (U4)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'php-namespace-fallback-isolation'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  const callsFromTo = (source: string, target: string, file?: string) =>
+    getRelationships(result, 'CALLS').filter(
+      (c) =>
+        c.source === source &&
+        c.target === target &&
+        (file === undefined || c.targetFilePath === file),
+    );
+
+  it('rejects cross-namespace candidate when caller has no use-function import', () => {
+    // callNoImport (in \App) calls format('x'). Workspace has \App\Utils\format/1
+    // and \Vendor\Utils\format/2. Caller is in \App — NOT same namespace as
+    // either candidate, and no `use function` for `format` is in scope.
+    // Expected: NO CALLS edge.
+    expect(callsFromTo('callNoImport', 'format').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('resolves same-namespace free call (caller in App\\Utils → App\\Utils\\format)', () => {
+    expect(callsFromTo('callSameNamespace', 'format', 'src/App/Utils/Format.php').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('resolves use-function-imported alias (vendorFormat → Vendor\\Utils\\format)', () => {
+    // `use function Vendor\Utils\format as vendorFormat;`. Caller in \App calls
+    // vendorFormat('x', 80) — the import target is reachable. The CALLS edge
+    // may surface against either the alias name (`vendorFormat`) or the
+    // canonical function name (`format` in the vendor file) depending on
+    // dedup ordering; either way, exactly one edge total.
+    expect(
+      callsFromTo('callImported', 'vendorFormat').length +
+        callsFromTo('callImported', 'format', 'src/Vendor/Utils/Format.php').length,
+    ).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Local shadow: same-file definition takes priority over imported name
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1807,3 +1973,325 @@ describe('PHP Child extends ParentClass — inherited method resolution (SM-9)',
     expect(parentMethodCall!.source).toBe('run');
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Fully-qualified type-hint resolution (Codex PR #1497 review, finding 1).
+//
+// Two `User` classes coexist in the workspace: `App\Models\User` and
+// `App\Other\User`. A service file imports the simple-name `User` from
+// App\Models, but uses a fully-qualified `\App\Other\User` in a parameter
+// annotation. PHP runtime semantics: the leading `\` is an absolute namespace
+// path; the parameter is always `App\Other\User`, even when the simple
+// `User` is bound to a different class by `use`.
+//
+// Pre-fix: `normalizePhpType` strips the qualifier so the TypeRef carries
+// only `User`, then `findClassBindingInScope` walks the scope chain and
+// resolves to the imported `App\Models\User` — emitting a CALLS edge to the
+// wrong class. Post-fix: qualified form survives on `rawName`, the
+// QualifiedNameIndex fallback (or a PHP-specific qualified lookup) routes
+// the call to App\Other\User::record.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('PHP fully-qualified type-hint resolution (Codex #1497)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'php-fqn-cross-namespace'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  const callsFromTo = (source: string, target: string, file: string) =>
+    getRelationships(result, 'CALLS').filter(
+      (c) => c.source === source && c.target === target && c.targetFilePath === file,
+    );
+
+  it('detects both User classes in distinct namespaces', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    // Exactly two User entries — one per namespace.
+    const userClasses = getNodesByLabelFull(result, 'Class').filter((n) => n.name === 'User');
+    expect(userClasses.length).toBe(2);
+    const userFiles = userClasses.map((c) => c.properties.filePath as string).sort();
+    expect(
+      userFiles.some((f) => f.includes('Models/User.php') || f.includes('Models\\User.php')),
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      userFiles.some((f) => f.includes('Other/User.php') || f.includes('Other\\User.php')),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('\\App\\Other\\User parameter resolves $u->record() to app/Other/User.php (NOT app/Models/User.php)', () => {
+    // The bug Codex flagged: FQN parameter collapses to simple `User`, then
+    // resolves to the imported `App\Models\User` instead of the explicit
+    // `\App\Other\User` named in the annotation. Post-fix: exactly one edge,
+    // pointing to the FQN target.
+    expect(callsFromTo('save', 'record', 'app/Other/User.php').length).toBe(1);
+    expect(callsFromTo('save', 'record', 'app/Models/User.php').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('simple-name `User $u` parameter resolves to the imported App\\Models\\User (control case)', () => {
+    // Sanity check that unqualified type-hint resolution still works via the
+    // `use App\Models\User;` import. Without this control, U2's normalizer
+    // change could regress the simple-name path and we'd miss it.
+    expect(callsFromTo('saveLocal', 'record', 'app/Models/User.php').length).toBe(1);
+    expect(callsFromTo('saveLocal', 'record', 'app/Other/User.php').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MRO arity-mismatch: most-derived override with incompatible arity must NOT
+// fall through to an arity-compatible ancestor (PHP throws ArgumentCountError
+// at runtime). See receiver-bound-calls.ts Case 2.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('PHP MRO arity-mismatch fallthrough', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'php-mro-arity-mismatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  const callsFromTo = (source: string, target: string, targetFilePath: string) =>
+    getRelationships(result, 'CALLS').filter(
+      (c) => c.source === source && c.target === target && c.targetFilePath === targetFilePath,
+    );
+
+  it('detects ParentModel, ChildModel, Orphan, and Caller classes', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toEqual([
+      'Caller',
+      'ChildModel',
+      'Orphan',
+      'ParentModel',
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('arity-incompatible most-derived override does NOT fall through to ParentModel::method', () => {
+    // Pre-fix bug: `$child->method(1)` with ChildModel::method(int,int) and
+    // ParentModel::method(int) would emit a false CALLS edge to ParentModel::method.
+    // Post-fix: zero CALLS edges from callIncompatible for this site.
+    expect(callsFromTo('callIncompatible', 'method', 'app/Models/ParentModel.php').length).toBe(0);
+    expect(callsFromTo('callIncompatible', 'method', 'app/Models/ChildModel.php').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('arity-compatible most-derived override emits exactly one CALLS edge to ChildModel::compat', () => {
+    // Happy path: ChildModel::compat(int) matches the call site $child->compat(1).
+    expect(callsFromTo('callCompatible', 'compat', 'app/Models/ChildModel.php').length).toBe(1);
+    expect(callsFromTo('callCompatible', 'compat', 'app/Models/ParentModel.php').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('arity-incompatible class with no parent emits zero CALLS edges (regression check)', () => {
+    // Orphan::method(int,int) called with one arg, no parent class — must remain
+    // unresolved both before and after the fix.
+    expect(callsFromTo('callNoParent', 'method', 'app/Models/Orphan.php').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('arity-compatible most-derived call still resolves to ChildModel::method (happy path)', () => {
+    // Ensure the fix did not break compatible-arity resolution.
+    expect(callsFromTo('callMostDerivedHappy', 'method', 'app/Models/ChildModel.php').length).toBe(
+      1,
+    );
+    expect(callsFromTo('callMostDerivedHappy', 'method', 'app/Models/ParentModel.php').length).toBe(
+      0,
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// @declaration.variable double-match dedup on typed properties.
+// Pre-fix, the catch-all property pattern in query.ts (no `type:` constraint)
+// also matched typed property declarations and emitted a stray Variable def
+// alongside the legitimate Property def. captures.ts now pre-scans rawMatches
+// for @declaration.property anchors and suppresses the duplicate.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('PHP typed-property double-match dedup', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'php-typed-property-dedup'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects the Mixed class', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('Mixed');
+  });
+
+  it('emits exactly one Property def for the typed property `$repo`', () => {
+    const properties = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Property');
+    expect(properties.filter((n) => n === 'repo').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('emits exactly one Property def for the constructor-promoted typed `$promotedRepo`', () => {
+    const properties = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Property');
+    expect(properties.filter((n) => n === 'promotedRepo').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('emits zero stray Variable defs for typed property and promoted typed parameter', () => {
+    // Pre-fix: a Variable def named `$repo` and `$promotedRepo` (no `$` strip)
+    // would slip through the catch-all pattern. Post-fix: zero.
+    const variables = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Variable');
+    expect(variables.filter((n) => n === '$repo' || n === 'repo').length).toBe(0);
+    expect(variables.filter((n) => n === '$promotedRepo' || n === 'promotedRepo').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('untyped property `$id` still emits its catch-all Property def (regression check)', () => {
+    // The untyped catch-all @declaration.variable pattern is the legitimate
+    // path for `public $id;`. Make sure the cross-match dedup does not
+    // over-suppress untyped declarations — they have no @declaration.property
+    // sibling, so their anchor is not in the typedPropertyAnchorIds set.
+    const properties = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Property');
+    expect(properties.filter((n) => n === 'id').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('no `$`-prefixed Property or Variable defs leak from typed declarations', () => {
+    // The catch-all branch does NOT run the `$`-strip normalization, so any
+    // def it produces for a typed property carries a `$`-prefixed name —
+    // a known receiver-binding lookup pollution vector. Post-fix the
+    // catch-all is suppressed for typed property_declaration anchors, so
+    // no `$repo` / `$promotedRepo` def should appear at any label.
+    for (const n of result.graph.iterNodes()) {
+      const name = String(n.properties.name);
+      if (name === '$repo' || name === '$promotedRepo') {
+        throw new Error(`leaked $-prefixed def: ${n.label}|${name}|${n.id}`);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Dynamic PHP constructs MUST NOT capture as resolvable references.
+// Findings 1-7 of the PR #1497 adversarial review confirmed via grammar
+// inspection that $obj->$method(), call_user_func(...), array/string
+// callables, and dynamic property reads produce zero captures. This suite
+// locks that invariant in regression so a future query.ts edit cannot
+// silently relax `name: (name)` to `name: (_)` and reintroduce false-
+// positive edges.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('PHP dynamic dispatch — negative regression suite', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'php-dynamic-calls'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  const callsFromDynamicTo = (target: string) =>
+    getRelationships(result, 'CALLS').filter(
+      (c) =>
+        c.target === target &&
+        // Source is some method on `Dynamic` (the file under test).
+        c.sourceFilePath === 'app/Services/Dynamic.php',
+    );
+
+  it('detects the Dynamic and Targets classes', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('Dynamic');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('Targets');
+  });
+
+  it('sanity check: non-dynamic call DOES emit an edge', () => {
+    // Without this, every zero-edge assertion below would pass even if the
+    // pipeline emitted no CALLS edges at all.
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('sanityStaticallyNamedTarget').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('$obj->$method() emits no CALLS edge to dynamicProcess', () => {
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('dynamicProcess').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('$obj->{$method}() emits no CALLS edge to dynamicBrace', () => {
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('dynamicBrace').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('Class::$method() emits no CALLS edge to dynamicHandle', () => {
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('dynamicHandle').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('$className::method() with untyped variable receiver emits no CALLS edge', () => {
+    // Two attractor classes (Targets and OtherTargets) both expose
+    // dynamicStaticMethod so the unresolved-receiver fallback (Finding 8 /
+    // U4) cannot fire — that isolates this assertion to the dynamic-
+    // dispatch suppression at the query / receiver-bound-calls layer.
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('dynamicStaticMethod').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('$className::$method() with dynamic class and method names emits no CALLS edge', () => {
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('dynamicScopedDynName').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('call_user_func / call_user_func_array string and array callables emit no CALLS edges', () => {
+    // call_user_func itself is a built-in with no workspace def, so the
+    // free-call to it is unresolved — no edge to `call_user_func`.
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('call_user_func').length).toBe(0);
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('call_user_func_array').length).toBe(0);
+    // None of the named targets reachable only via the callable argument
+    // should pick up a false-positive edge.
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('dynamicCallableMethod').length).toBe(0);
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('dynamicArrayCallableMethod').length).toBe(0);
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('dynamicArrayClassCallableMethod').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('dynamic property read ($obj->$prop) emits no read-edge to dynamicProp', () => {
+    // No read-access property capture pattern exists in query.ts at all
+    // (Finding 2). Verify no CALLS / READS / write edge targets `dynamicProp`.
+    expect(callsFromDynamicTo('dynamicProp').length).toBe(0);
+    const reads = getRelationships(result, 'READS').filter(
+      (r) => r.target === 'dynamicProp' && r.sourceFilePath === 'app/Services/Dynamic.php',
+    );
+    expect(reads.length).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// phpEmitUnresolvedReceiverEdges exact-required-arity gate (Finding 8 / U4).
+// The 0.6-confidence fallback for untyped receivers now requires argCount
+// to exactly match the candidate's required parameter count for fixed-
+// arity candidates. Variadic candidates keep the relaxed argCount >=
+// required semantics.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('PHP unresolved-receiver fallback exact-required-arity gate', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'php-unresolved-receiver-arity'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  const fallbackEdgeFromTo = (source: string, target: string) =>
+    getRelationships(result, 'CALLS').filter(
+      (c) =>
+        c.source === source && c.target === target && c.targetFilePath === 'app/Models/Handler.php',
+    );
+
+  it('detects Handler and Caller classes', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('Handler');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('Caller');
+  });
+
+  it('happy path: argCount === required (0===0) emits 0.6 fallback edge', () => {
+    expect(fallbackEdgeFromTo('callHappyPath', 'happyPath').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('argCount === required (1===1) on candidate with default param still emits edge', () => {
+    expect(fallbackEdgeFromTo('callDefaultExactRequired', 'withDefault').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('argCount > required (2>1) on candidate with default param emits NO edge post-fix', () => {
+    // Pre-fix: first-stage narrowOverloadCandidates accepted (1 <= 2 <= 2).
+    // Post-fix: exact-required gate rejects (2 !== 1).
+    expect(fallbackEdgeFromTo('callDefaultBeyondRequired', 'withDefault').length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('variadic candidate, argCount === required (1===1) emits edge', () => {
+    expect(fallbackEdgeFromTo('callVariadicAtRequired', 'variadicLog').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('variadic candidate, argCount > required (2>1) emits edge (relaxed)', () => {
+    expect(fallbackEdgeFromTo('callVariadicBeyondRequired', 'variadicLog').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('variadic candidate, argCount < required (1<2) emits NO edge', () => {
+    expect(fallbackEdgeFromTo('callVariadicBelowRequired', 'variadicLogTwoRequired').length).toBe(
+      0,
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript-esm-js-extension.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript-esm-js-extension.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..476082563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript-esm-js-extension.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Integration test: TypeScript ESM .js extension imports produce CALLS edges.
+ *
+ * Verifies the full pipeline: .js import → resolveImportPath strips .js →
+ * resolves to .ts → scope-resolver emits CALLS edge.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from 'vitest';
+import path from 'path';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import os from 'node:os';
+import { getRelationships, runPipelineFromRepo, type PipelineResult } from './helpers.js';
+
+function writeFixtureRepo(root: string, files: Record<string, string>): void {
+  for (const [relPath, content] of Object.entries(files)) {
+    const fullPath = path.join(root, relPath);
+    fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(fullPath), { recursive: true });
+    fs.writeFileSync(fullPath, content, 'utf8');
+  }
+}
+
+describe('TypeScript ESM .js extension → CALLS edges', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+  let repoDir: string | undefined;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    repoDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'gn-ts-esm-js-ext-'));
+    writeFixtureRepo(repoDir, {
+      'src/utils.ts': `
+export function estimateTokens(text: string): number {
+  return Math.ceil(text.length / 4);
+}
+`,
+      'src/index.ts': `
+import { estimateTokens } from './utils.js';
+
+export function processText(text: string): number {
+  return estimateTokens(text);
+}
+`,
+    });
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(repoDir, () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    if (repoDir !== undefined) fs.rmSync(repoDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edge from processText → estimateTokens via .js import', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const edge = calls.find((c) => c.source === 'processText' && c.target === 'estimateTokens');
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+    expect(edge!.targetFilePath).toBe('src/utils.ts');
+  });
+
+  it('emits IMPORTS edge from index.ts → utils.ts', () => {
+    const imports = getRelationships(result, 'IMPORTS');
+    const edge = imports.find(
+      (e) => e.sourceFilePath === 'src/index.ts' && e.targetFilePath === 'src/utils.ts',
+    );
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/worker-pool.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/worker-pool.test.ts
index 845c1cfba..7fba8ebf5 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/worker-pool.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/worker-pool.test.ts
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ describe('worker pool integration', () => {
 
     try {
       await expect(pool.dispatch<any, any>([{ path: 'crash.ts', content: '' }])).rejects.toThrow(
-        /simulated startup crash|exited with code/,
+        /simulated startup crash|exited with code|idle timeout/,
       );
       const warnRecords = cap.records().filter((r) => Number(r.level) >= 40 /* warn or above */);
       expect(warnRecords.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/esm-extension-resolution.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/esm-extension-resolution.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69dc652cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/esm-extension-resolution.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for TypeScript ESM .js extension resolution.
+ *
+ * TypeScript ESM requires imports to use .js extensions even when source
+ * files are .ts. The resolver must map .js → .ts (and .jsx → .tsx,
+ * .mjs → .mts, .cjs → .cts) when the literal .js file does not exist.
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { resolveImportPath } from '../../src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/standard.js';
+import { stripJsExtension } from '../../src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/standard.js';
+import { buildSuffixIndex } from '../../src/core/ingestion/import-resolvers/utils.js';
+import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+
+function makeCtx(files: string[]) {
+  // Match production normalization: only replace backslashes with forward slashes
+  const normalized = files.map((f) => f.replace(/\\/g, '/'));
+  const allFilesSet = new Set(files);
+  const index = buildSuffixIndex(normalized, files);
+  const cache = new Map<string, string | null>();
+  return { files, normalized, allFilesSet, index, cache };
+}
+
+function resolve(
+  currentFile: string,
+  importPath: string,
+  language: SupportedLanguages,
+  ctx: ReturnType<typeof makeCtx>,
+): string | null {
+  return resolveImportPath(
+    currentFile,
+    importPath,
+    ctx.allFilesSet,
+    ctx.files,
+    ctx.normalized,
+    ctx.cache,
+    language,
+    null,
+    ctx.index,
+  );
+}
+
+describe('TypeScript ESM .js extension resolution', () => {
+  it('resolves ./utils.js to ./utils.ts when .js does not exist', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts', 'src/utils.ts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './utils.js', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/utils.ts');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves ./component.jsx to ./component.tsx', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/app.ts', 'src/component.tsx']);
+    const result = resolve('src/app.ts', './component.jsx', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/component.tsx');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves ./config.mjs to ./config.mts', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts', 'src/config.mts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './config.mjs', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/config.mts');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves ./legacy.cjs to ./legacy.cts', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts', 'src/legacy.cts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './legacy.cjs', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/legacy.cts');
+  });
+
+  it('prefers actual .js file when it exists', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts', 'src/utils.js', 'src/utils.ts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './utils.js', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/utils.js');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves relative path with ../ and .js extension', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/helpers/token.ts', 'src/core/engine.ts']);
+    const result = resolve(
+      'src/core/engine.ts',
+      '../helpers/token.js',
+      SupportedLanguages.TypeScript,
+      ctx,
+    );
+    expect(result).toBe('src/helpers/token.ts');
+  });
+
+  it('works for JavaScript language too', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.js', 'src/utils.ts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.js', './utils.js', SupportedLanguages.JavaScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/utils.ts');
+  });
+
+  it('does NOT apply ESM fallback for non-TS/JS languages', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/main.py', 'src/utils.ts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/main.py', './utils.js', SupportedLanguages.Python, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('returns null when neither .js nor .ts exists', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './missing.js', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('ESM extension resolution — .mjs/.cjs with competing siblings', () => {
+  it('resolves ./config.mjs to .ts when only .ts exists (no .mts)', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts', 'src/config.ts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './config.mjs', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    // .ts wins because EXTENSIONS order tries .ts before .mts
+    expect(result).toBe('src/config.ts');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves ./config.mjs to .mts when both .ts and .mts exist', () => {
+    // Note: EXTENSIONS order is .tsx, .ts, .mts, .cts — so .ts wins over .mts.
+    // This is intentional for a source-analysis tool: we resolve to the first
+    // matching source file. In practice, having both config.ts and config.mts
+    // in the same directory is extremely rare.
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts', 'src/config.ts', 'src/config.mts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './config.mjs', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/config.ts');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves ./config.cjs to .cts when only .cts exists', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts', 'src/config.cts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './config.cjs', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/config.cts');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('ESM extension resolution — directory index boundary', () => {
+  it('resolves ./dir.js to dir/index.ts when dir/ exists (bundler-mode)', () => {
+    // After stripping .js from "dir.js" → "dir", tryResolveWithExtensions probes
+    // "/index.ts" suffix. This matches bundler-mode behavior where bare directory
+    // imports resolve to index files. Intentional for source-analysis compatibility.
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts', 'src/dir/index.ts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './dir.js', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/dir/index.ts');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves ./dir/index.js to dir/index.ts', () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx(['src/index.ts', 'src/dir/index.ts']);
+    const result = resolve('src/index.ts', './dir/index.js', SupportedLanguages.TypeScript, ctx);
+    expect(result).toBe('src/dir/index.ts');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('stripJsExtension', () => {
+  it('strips .js', () => expect(stripJsExtension('foo/bar.js')).toBe('foo/bar'));
+  it('strips .jsx', () => expect(stripJsExtension('foo/bar.jsx')).toBe('foo/bar'));
+  it('strips .mjs', () => expect(stripJsExtension('foo/bar.mjs')).toBe('foo/bar'));
+  it('strips .cjs', () => expect(stripJsExtension('foo/bar.cjs')).toBe('foo/bar'));
+  it('returns null for .ts', () => expect(stripJsExtension('foo/bar.ts')).toBeNull());
+  it('returns null for no extension', () => expect(stripJsExtension('foo/bar')).toBeNull());
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-file-hash.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-file-hash.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f59dfb09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-file-hash.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { mkdtemp, writeFile, rm } from 'fs/promises';
+import { tmpdir } from 'os';
+import path from 'path';
+import { computeFileHash, computeFileHashes, diffFileHashes } from '../../src/storage/file-hash.js';
+
+describe('diffFileHashes', () => {
+  it('classifies files into changed / added / deleted / toWrite', () => {
+    const stored = { a: 'h-a', b: 'h-b', c: 'h-c' };
+    const current = new Map<string, string>([
+      ['a', 'h-a'], // unchanged
+      ['b', 'h-b-NEW'], // changed
+      ['d', 'h-d'], // added
+      // 'c' is gone → deleted
+    ]);
+    const diff = diffFileHashes(current, stored);
+    expect(diff.changed).toEqual(['b']);
+    expect(diff.added).toEqual(['d']);
+    expect(diff.deleted).toEqual(['c']);
+    // toWrite is the union of changed ∪ added (rows to be (re)written)
+    expect(diff.toWrite.sort()).toEqual(['b', 'd']);
+  });
+
+  it('treats no stored map as "everything is added"', () => {
+    const current = new Map<string, string>([
+      ['x', 'h1'],
+      ['y', 'h2'],
+    ]);
+    const diff = diffFileHashes(current, undefined);
+    expect(diff.added.sort()).toEqual(['x', 'y']);
+    expect(diff.changed).toEqual([]);
+    expect(diff.deleted).toEqual([]);
+    expect(diff.toWrite.sort()).toEqual(['x', 'y']);
+  });
+
+  it('returns sorted arrays for stable cross-platform comparison', () => {
+    const stored = { z: 'h', a: 'h', m: 'h' };
+    const current = new Map<string, string>([
+      ['z', 'h2'],
+      ['a', 'h2'],
+      ['m', 'h2'],
+    ]);
+    const diff = diffFileHashes(current, stored);
+    expect(diff.changed).toEqual(['a', 'm', 'z']);
+    expect(diff.toWrite).toEqual(['a', 'm', 'z']);
+  });
+
+  it('handles empty current map (all stored files become deleted)', () => {
+    const stored = { a: 'h1', b: 'h2' };
+    const diff = diffFileHashes(new Map(), stored);
+    expect(diff.deleted).toEqual(['a', 'b']);
+    expect(diff.changed).toEqual([]);
+    expect(diff.added).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('computeFileHash', () => {
+  it('produces a stable SHA-256 hex digest', async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gnx-fh-'));
+    try {
+      const f = path.join(dir, 'a.txt');
+      await writeFile(f, 'hello world\n', 'utf-8');
+      const h1 = await computeFileHash(f);
+      const h2 = await computeFileHash(f);
+      expect(h1).toBe(h2);
+      expect(h1).toMatch(/^[a-f0-9]{64}$/);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('returns null on missing file (caller treats as "no signature")', async () => {
+    const h = await computeFileHash('/definitely/does/not/exist/here.xyz');
+    expect(h).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('different content → different hash', async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gnx-fh-'));
+    try {
+      const a = path.join(dir, 'a.txt');
+      const b = path.join(dir, 'b.txt');
+      await writeFile(a, 'hello', 'utf-8');
+      await writeFile(b, 'goodbye', 'utf-8');
+      const ha = await computeFileHash(a);
+      const hb = await computeFileHash(b);
+      expect(ha).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(hb).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(ha).not.toBe(hb);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe('computeFileHashes', () => {
+  it('hashes a small batch of files in parallel', async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gnx-fh-'));
+    try {
+      await writeFile(path.join(dir, 'one.txt'), 'A', 'utf-8');
+      await writeFile(path.join(dir, 'two.txt'), 'B', 'utf-8');
+      await writeFile(path.join(dir, 'three.txt'), 'C', 'utf-8');
+      const map = await computeFileHashes(dir, ['one.txt', 'two.txt', 'three.txt']);
+      expect(map.size).toBe(3);
+      expect(map.get('one.txt')).toMatch(/^[a-f0-9]{64}$/);
+      // All distinct since contents differ
+      const hashes = [...map.values()];
+      expect(new Set(hashes).size).toBe(3);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('omits files that fail to read (no entry in result)', async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gnx-fh-'));
+    try {
+      await writeFile(path.join(dir, 'real.txt'), 'X', 'utf-8');
+      const map = await computeFileHashes(dir, ['real.txt', 'phantom.txt']);
+      expect(map.has('real.txt')).toBe(true);
+      expect(map.has('phantom.txt')).toBe(false);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-orchestration.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-orchestration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d0d244af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-orchestration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/**
+ * Integration coverage for the `runFullAnalysis` incremental-orchestration
+ * wiring (Claude PR-review Finding 2).
+ *
+ * These tests exercise the *real runtime path* — they call
+ * `runFullAnalysis` against a real on-disk git repo backed by a real
+ * LadybugDB at `<repo>/.gitnexus/`, and assert behaviours that pure
+ * unit tests on `diffFileHashes` / `extractChangedSubgraph` cannot
+ * catch:
+ *
+ *   - the `isIncremental` decision (post-pipeline eligibility check)
+ *   - `incrementalInProgress` dirty-flag set-before-mutation and
+ *     clear-on-success
+ *   - the importer-closure expansion (1-hop reached via the writable
+ *     set, transitive reachable via bounded BFS)
+ *   - the "forced full rebuild on dirty-flag-from-prior-crash" path
+ *
+ * Each test creates a temporary git repo, runs the analyzer, and asserts
+ * on the resulting `meta.json` and graph state. Cleanup is best-effort
+ * (Windows LadybugDB handle release can lag; `cleanupTempDir` retries).
+ */
+
+import { execSync } from 'child_process';
+import { writeFile, readFile, copyFile, mkdir } from 'fs/promises';
+import path from 'path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  getStoragePaths,
+  saveMeta,
+  loadMeta,
+  INCREMENTAL_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+  type RepoMeta,
+} from '../../src/storage/repo-manager.js';
+import { createTempDir } from '../helpers/test-db.js';
+
+const HERE = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const FIXTURE_SRC = path.resolve(HERE, '..', 'fixtures', 'mini-repo', 'src');
+
+/**
+ * Copy the mini-repo fixture into a fresh git-initialized temp directory.
+ * Returns the temp handle so the caller owns cleanup.
+ */
+async function setupMiniRepo(): Promise<{ dbPath: string; cleanup: () => Promise<void> }> {
+  const tmp = await createTempDir('gitnexus-incr-orch-');
+  const dest = path.join(tmp.dbPath, 'src');
+  await mkdir(dest, { recursive: true });
+  // Copy mini-repo fixture files
+  const names = [
+    'index.ts',
+    'handler.ts',
+    'validator.ts',
+    'formatter.ts',
+    'middleware.ts',
+    'logger.ts',
+    'db.ts',
+  ];
+  for (const n of names) {
+    await copyFile(path.join(FIXTURE_SRC, n), path.join(dest, n));
+  }
+  execSync('git init', { cwd: tmp.dbPath, stdio: 'pipe' });
+  execSync('git -c user.name=test -c user.email=t@t -c commit.gpgsign=false add -A', {
+    cwd: tmp.dbPath,
+    stdio: 'pipe',
+  });
+  execSync('git -c user.name=test -c user.email=t@t -c commit.gpgsign=false commit -q -m initial', {
+    cwd: tmp.dbPath,
+    stdio: 'pipe',
+  });
+  return tmp;
+}
+
+describe('runFullAnalysis — incremental orchestration', () => {
+  it('first run populates fileHashes + schemaVersion and clears incrementalInProgress on success', async () => {
+    const repo = await setupMiniRepo();
+    try {
+      const { runFullAnalysis } = await import('../../src/core/run-analyze.js');
+      await runFullAnalysis(repo.dbPath, { skipAgentsMd: true }, { onProgress: () => {} });
+
+      const { storagePath } = getStoragePaths(repo.dbPath);
+      const meta = await loadMeta(storagePath);
+      expect(meta).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(meta!.schemaVersion).toBe(INCREMENTAL_SCHEMA_VERSION);
+      expect(meta!.fileHashes).toBeDefined();
+      expect(Object.keys(meta!.fileHashes ?? {}).length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      // Dirty flag MUST be cleared after a successful run.
+      expect(meta!.incrementalInProgress).toBeUndefined();
+    } finally {
+      await repo.cleanup();
+    }
+  }, 180_000);
+
+  it('second run on unchanged state takes the alreadyUpToDate fast path', async () => {
+    const repo = await setupMiniRepo();
+    try {
+      const { runFullAnalysis } = await import('../../src/core/run-analyze.js');
+      const first = await runFullAnalysis(
+        repo.dbPath,
+        { skipAgentsMd: true },
+        { onProgress: () => {} },
+      );
+      expect(first.alreadyUpToDate).toBeUndefined();
+
+      const second = await runFullAnalysis(
+        repo.dbPath,
+        { skipAgentsMd: true },
+        { onProgress: () => {} },
+      );
+      // lastCommit==HEAD && working tree clean (mod GitNexus output) →
+      // early-return fast path.
+      expect(second.alreadyUpToDate).toBe(true);
+    } finally {
+      await repo.cleanup();
+    }
+  }, 300_000);
+
+  it('second run after a comment-only edit takes the incremental path, clears the dirty flag, and preserves graph stats exactly', async () => {
+    const repo = await setupMiniRepo();
+    try {
+      const { runFullAnalysis } = await import('../../src/core/run-analyze.js');
+      await runFullAnalysis(repo.dbPath, { skipAgentsMd: true }, { onProgress: () => {} });
+      const { storagePath } = getStoragePaths(repo.dbPath);
+      const firstMeta = await loadMeta(storagePath);
+
+      // Modify a source file with a COMMENT-ONLY edit — by construction
+      // this changes the content hash (driving the incremental code path)
+      // without changing any symbol, scope binding, call edge, import,
+      // or community membership. Therefore every graph-stat invariant
+      // (files / nodes / edges / communities / processes) MUST be
+      // bit-identical to the first run. Anything else is a regression.
+      const target = path.join(repo.dbPath, 'src', 'logger.ts');
+      const before = await readFile(target, 'utf-8');
+      await writeFile(target, before + '\n// touched by test\n', 'utf-8');
+
+      const second = await runFullAnalysis(
+        repo.dbPath,
+        { skipAgentsMd: true },
+        { onProgress: () => {} },
+      );
+      // The early-return alreadyUpToDate path must NOT fire (the dirty
+      // tree should kick the run through to incremental writeback).
+      expect(second.alreadyUpToDate).toBeUndefined();
+
+      const secondMeta = await loadMeta(storagePath);
+      expect(secondMeta).not.toBeNull();
+      // Dirty flag must be cleared on success.
+      expect(secondMeta!.incrementalInProgress).toBeUndefined();
+      // fileHashes[logger.ts] must have rotated to the new content.
+      expect(secondMeta!.fileHashes?.['src/logger.ts']).toBeDefined();
+      expect(secondMeta!.fileHashes?.['src/logger.ts']).not.toBe(
+        firstMeta!.fileHashes?.['src/logger.ts'],
+      );
+      // Exact-equality stats invariant. DoD §2.7: avoid bounds-only
+      // assertions that would mask a regression dropping half the graph.
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.files).toBe(firstMeta!.stats?.files);
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.nodes).toBe(firstMeta!.stats?.nodes);
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.edges).toBe(firstMeta!.stats?.edges);
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.communities).toBe(firstMeta!.stats?.communities);
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.processes).toBe(firstMeta!.stats?.processes);
+    } finally {
+      await repo.cleanup();
+    }
+  }, 300_000);
+
+  it('incremental output is byte-equivalent to a full rebuild (incremental ≡ --force on the same repo state)', async () => {
+    // The central correctness contract of this PR: an incremental run
+    // and a full rebuild from the same repo state must produce identical
+    // graph stats. We exercise it end-to-end:
+    //
+    //   1. setup mini-repo + run analyze (populates the index)
+    //   2. edit one source file (comment-only — same graph)
+    //   3. run incremental analyze → record secondMeta
+    //   4. run analyze --force from the same state → record forceMeta
+    //   5. assert every stats invariant is exactly equal.
+    //
+    // Steps 3 and 4 share the same on-disk file contents, so any
+    // divergence is purely an artifact of the writeback strategy. If
+    // any invariant differs, the PR's load-bearing claim is violated.
+    const repo = await setupMiniRepo();
+    try {
+      const { runFullAnalysis } = await import('../../src/core/run-analyze.js');
+
+      // Step 1: initial index.
+      await runFullAnalysis(repo.dbPath, { skipAgentsMd: true }, { onProgress: () => {} });
+
+      // Step 2: comment-only edit, same as the test above.
+      const target = path.join(repo.dbPath, 'src', 'logger.ts');
+      const original = await readFile(target, 'utf-8');
+      await writeFile(target, original + '\n// equivalence test touch\n', 'utf-8');
+
+      // Step 3: incremental writeback for the edited file.
+      const incremental = await runFullAnalysis(
+        repo.dbPath,
+        { skipAgentsMd: true },
+        { onProgress: () => {} },
+      );
+      expect(incremental.alreadyUpToDate).toBeUndefined();
+      const { storagePath } = getStoragePaths(repo.dbPath);
+      const secondMeta = await loadMeta(storagePath);
+      expect(secondMeta).not.toBeNull();
+
+      // Step 4: force a full rebuild from the SAME on-disk file state.
+      const forced = await runFullAnalysis(
+        repo.dbPath,
+        { skipAgentsMd: true, force: true },
+        { onProgress: () => {} },
+      );
+      expect(forced.alreadyUpToDate).toBeUndefined();
+      const forceMeta = await loadMeta(storagePath);
+      expect(forceMeta).not.toBeNull();
+
+      // Step 5: exact-equality across every stat. `toEqual` would also
+      // work but `toBe` per-field makes a failure pinpoint the field.
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.files).toBe(forceMeta!.stats?.files);
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.nodes).toBe(forceMeta!.stats?.nodes);
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.edges).toBe(forceMeta!.stats?.edges);
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.communities).toBe(forceMeta!.stats?.communities);
+      expect(secondMeta!.stats?.processes).toBe(forceMeta!.stats?.processes);
+    } finally {
+      await repo.cleanup();
+    }
+  }, 600_000);
+
+  it('a stale incrementalInProgress flag at startup forces a full rebuild that clears it', async () => {
+    const repo = await setupMiniRepo();
+    try {
+      const { runFullAnalysis } = await import('../../src/core/run-analyze.js');
+      // First run lays down a normal index.
+      await runFullAnalysis(repo.dbPath, { skipAgentsMd: true }, { onProgress: () => {} });
+
+      // Manually corrupt meta.json with a stale dirty flag — simulates
+      // a crashed previous incremental run.
+      const { storagePath } = getStoragePaths(repo.dbPath);
+      const meta = await loadMeta(storagePath);
+      expect(meta).not.toBeNull();
+      const tampered: RepoMeta = {
+        ...meta!,
+        incrementalInProgress: {
+          startedAt: Date.now() - 60_000,
+          toWriteCount: 3,
+        },
+      };
+      await saveMeta(storagePath, tampered);
+
+      // Next run must detect the flag, force a full rebuild (which
+      // overwrites meta), and clear the flag.
+      const recovered = await runFullAnalysis(
+        repo.dbPath,
+        { skipAgentsMd: true },
+        { onProgress: () => {} },
+      );
+      // A full rebuild was taken — the alreadyUpToDate fast path
+      // explicitly cannot fire because the dirty-flag check rewrote
+      // `options.force` to true.
+      expect(recovered.alreadyUpToDate).toBeUndefined();
+
+      const after = await loadMeta(storagePath);
+      expect(after!.incrementalInProgress).toBeUndefined();
+    } finally {
+      await repo.cleanup();
+    }
+  }, 300_000);
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-parse-cache.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-parse-cache.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..757b9cf3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-parse-cache.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { mkdtemp, rm } from 'fs/promises';
+import { tmpdir } from 'os';
+import path from 'path';
+import {
+  PARSE_CACHE_VERSION,
+  computeChunkHash,
+  fileContentHash,
+  loadParseCache,
+  saveParseCache,
+  pruneCache,
+  type ParseCache,
+} from '../../src/storage/parse-cache.js';
+import type { ParseWorkerResult } from '../../src/core/ingestion/workers/parse-worker.js';
+
+const minimalResult = (overrides: Partial<ParseWorkerResult> = {}): ParseWorkerResult => ({
+  nodes: [],
+  relationships: [],
+  symbols: [],
+  imports: [],
+  calls: [],
+  assignments: [],
+  heritage: [],
+  routes: [],
+  fetchCalls: [],
+  decoratorRoutes: [],
+  toolDefs: [],
+  ormQueries: [],
+  constructorBindings: [],
+  fileScopeBindings: [],
+  parsedFiles: [],
+  skippedLanguages: {},
+  fileCount: 0,
+  ...overrides,
+});
+
+describe('computeChunkHash', () => {
+  it('produces a stable hex hash for a fixed set of (filePath, contentHash) entries', () => {
+    const entries = [
+      { filePath: 'a.ts', contentHash: 'h-a' },
+      { filePath: 'b.ts', contentHash: 'h-b' },
+      { filePath: 'c.ts', contentHash: 'h-c' },
+    ];
+    const h1 = computeChunkHash(entries);
+    const h2 = computeChunkHash(entries);
+    expect(h1).toBe(h2);
+    expect(h1).toMatch(/^[a-f0-9]{64}$/);
+  });
+
+  it('is order-independent (same files in different order → same hash)', () => {
+    const order1 = [
+      { filePath: 'a.ts', contentHash: 'h-a' },
+      { filePath: 'b.ts', contentHash: 'h-b' },
+    ];
+    const order2 = [
+      { filePath: 'b.ts', contentHash: 'h-b' },
+      { filePath: 'a.ts', contentHash: 'h-a' },
+    ];
+    expect(computeChunkHash(order1)).toBe(computeChunkHash(order2));
+  });
+
+  it('changes when any file content changes', () => {
+    const before = [
+      { filePath: 'a.ts', contentHash: 'h-a' },
+      { filePath: 'b.ts', contentHash: 'h-b' },
+    ];
+    const after = [
+      { filePath: 'a.ts', contentHash: 'h-a' },
+      { filePath: 'b.ts', contentHash: 'h-b-NEW' }, // b.ts content changed
+    ];
+    expect(computeChunkHash(before)).not.toBe(computeChunkHash(after));
+  });
+
+  it('changes when chunk membership changes (file added or removed)', () => {
+    const small = [
+      { filePath: 'a.ts', contentHash: 'h-a' },
+      { filePath: 'b.ts', contentHash: 'h-b' },
+    ];
+    const bigger = [...small, { filePath: 'c.ts', contentHash: 'h-c' }];
+    expect(computeChunkHash(small)).not.toBe(computeChunkHash(bigger));
+  });
+});
+
+describe('fileContentHash', () => {
+  it('hashes a string deterministically', () => {
+    expect(fileContentHash('hello')).toBe(fileContentHash('hello'));
+    expect(fileContentHash('hello')).not.toBe(fileContentHash('hello!'));
+    expect(fileContentHash('hello')).toMatch(/^[a-f0-9]{64}$/);
+  });
+
+  it('handles Buffer input identical to its string form', () => {
+    const s = 'sentinel';
+    expect(fileContentHash(Buffer.from(s))).toBe(fileContentHash(s));
+  });
+});
+
+describe('PARSE_CACHE_VERSION', () => {
+  it('embeds the gitnexus package version (so upgrades invalidate the cache)', () => {
+    // Looks like "1+1.6.4" — schema bump prefix + actual gitnexus version
+    expect(PARSE_CACHE_VERSION).toMatch(/^\d+\+\d+\.\d+\.\d+/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('pruneCache', () => {
+  it('drops entries whose hashes are not in the used-set', () => {
+    const cache: ParseCache = {
+      version: PARSE_CACHE_VERSION,
+      entries: new Map<string, ParseWorkerResult[]>([
+        ['hash-A', [minimalResult()]],
+        ['hash-B', [minimalResult()]],
+        ['hash-C', [minimalResult()]],
+      ]),
+      usedKeys: new Set<string>(['hash-A']),
+    };
+    const removed = pruneCache(cache, cache.usedKeys);
+    expect(removed).toBe(2);
+    expect([...cache.entries.keys()].sort()).toEqual(['hash-A']);
+  });
+
+  it('returns 0 when every entry is in use', () => {
+    const cache: ParseCache = {
+      version: PARSE_CACHE_VERSION,
+      entries: new Map<string, ParseWorkerResult[]>([
+        ['hash-A', [minimalResult()]],
+        ['hash-B', [minimalResult()]],
+      ]),
+      usedKeys: new Set<string>(['hash-A', 'hash-B']),
+    };
+    expect(pruneCache(cache, cache.usedKeys)).toBe(0);
+    expect(cache.entries.size).toBe(2);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('loadParseCache / saveParseCache (round-trip)', () => {
+  it('round-trips an empty cache', async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gnx-pc-'));
+    try {
+      const cache: ParseCache = {
+        version: PARSE_CACHE_VERSION,
+        entries: new Map(),
+        usedKeys: new Set(),
+      };
+      await saveParseCache(dir, cache);
+      const loaded = await loadParseCache(dir);
+      expect(loaded.version).toBe(PARSE_CACHE_VERSION);
+      expect(loaded.entries.size).toBe(0);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('returns an empty cache when the file is missing', async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gnx-pc-'));
+    try {
+      const loaded = await loadParseCache(dir);
+      expect(loaded.entries.size).toBe(0);
+      expect(loaded.usedKeys.size).toBe(0);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('returns an empty cache on version mismatch (next-run regen)', async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gnx-pc-'));
+    try {
+      // Write a cache file with a different version directly
+      const fs = await import('fs/promises');
+      await fs.writeFile(
+        path.join(dir, 'parse-cache.json'),
+        JSON.stringify({ version: 'foreign-99', entries: { h: [] } }),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+      const loaded = await loadParseCache(dir);
+      expect(loaded.entries.size).toBe(0); // mismatch → empty
+    } finally {
+      await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('returns an empty cache on corrupt JSON', async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gnx-pc-'));
+    try {
+      const fs = await import('fs/promises');
+      await fs.writeFile(path.join(dir, 'parse-cache.json'), '{not-json', 'utf-8');
+      const loaded = await loadParseCache(dir);
+      expect(loaded.entries.size).toBe(0);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('round-trips Map and Set values through the JSON replacer/reviver', async () => {
+    // ParsedFile.scopes[*].typeBindings is a ReadonlyMap<string, TypeRef>.
+    // Without the replacer/reviver pair, JSON.stringify collapses Maps to
+    // {} and downstream code that does .get() / iterates entries crashes
+    // with "is not iterable". This test pins the round-trip behaviour.
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gnx-pc-'));
+    try {
+      const innerMap = new Map<string, string>([
+        ['k1', 'v1'],
+        ['k2', 'v2'],
+      ]);
+      const innerSet = new Set<string>(['s1', 's2']);
+      // Stash the live Map/Set inside a synthetic ParseWorkerResult — we
+      // only need the serializer to traverse them. Casting to bypass the
+      // strict shape isn't a problem here: this test is about JSON
+      // round-tripping of arbitrary nested Map/Set values, not full
+      // ParseWorkerResult contents.
+      const fake = minimalResult({
+        parsedFiles: [
+          {
+            filePath: 't.ts',
+            // Cast through unknown to satisfy the readonly Scope shape
+            // while still smuggling a live Map into the serializer's
+            // traversal path — see comment block above.
+            scopes: [{ id: 's1', typeBindings: innerMap, extras: innerSet }],
+          } as unknown as ParseWorkerResult['parsedFiles'][number],
+        ],
+      });
+
+      const cache: ParseCache = {
+        version: PARSE_CACHE_VERSION,
+        entries: new Map<string, ParseWorkerResult[]>([['chunk-h', [fake]]]),
+        usedKeys: new Set(['chunk-h']),
+      };
+      await saveParseCache(dir, cache);
+      const loaded = await loadParseCache(dir);
+      const reloaded = loaded.entries.get('chunk-h')?.[0];
+      expect(reloaded).toBeDefined();
+      const scope = (reloaded as ParseWorkerResult).parsedFiles[0]?.scopes[0] as unknown as {
+        typeBindings?: unknown;
+        extras?: unknown;
+      };
+      expect(scope.typeBindings).toBeInstanceOf(Map);
+      expect((scope.typeBindings as Map<string, string>).get('k1')).toBe('v1');
+      expect((scope.typeBindings as Map<string, string>).size).toBe(2);
+      expect(scope.extras).toBeInstanceOf(Set);
+      expect((scope.extras as Set<string>).has('s2')).toBe(true);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-shadow-candidates.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-shadow-candidates.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..207cc0b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-shadow-candidates.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { shadowCandidatesFor } from '../../src/core/incremental/shadow-candidates.js';
+
+describe('shadowCandidatesFor', () => {
+  it('returns an empty list when the input has no recognised module extension', () => {
+    expect(shadowCandidatesFor('README.md')).toEqual([]);
+    expect(shadowCandidatesFor('src/foo')).toEqual([]);
+    expect(shadowCandidatesFor('binary.so')).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('enumerates same-basename / different-extension candidates (pattern a)', () => {
+    const out = shadowCandidatesFor('src/foo/bar.ts');
+    // All non-.ts module extensions on the same path should appear.
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar.tsx');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar.js');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar.jsx');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar.mjs');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar.cjs');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar.d.ts');
+    // ...but NOT the same .ts (you can't shadow yourself).
+    expect(out).not.toContain('src/foo/bar.ts');
+  });
+
+  it('enumerates directory-style index candidates (pattern b) for both path separators', () => {
+    const out = shadowCandidatesFor('src/foo/bar.ts');
+    // POSIX form
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar/index.ts');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar/index.tsx');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar/index.js');
+    // Windows form
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar\\index.ts');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo/bar\\index.js');
+  });
+
+  it('enumerates bare-file shadows when the added file is a directory index (pattern c)', () => {
+    const out = shadowCandidatesFor('src/foo/index.ts');
+    // Adding foo/index.ts can shadow foo.{ext} (rare but real — converting
+    // a single-file module into a directory module).
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo.ts');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo.tsx');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo.js');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo.jsx');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo.mjs');
+    expect(out).toContain('src/foo.cjs');
+  });
+
+  it('also handles the Windows-separator form of `foo\\index.ts`', () => {
+    const out = shadowCandidatesFor('src\\foo\\index.ts');
+    expect(out).toContain('src\\foo.ts');
+    expect(out).toContain('src\\foo.tsx');
+    expect(out).toContain('src\\foo.js');
+  });
+
+  it('handles `.d.ts` as a single extension token (not `.ts`)', () => {
+    // The longest-match scan in shadowCandidatesFor puts `.d.ts` first.
+    // For `foo.d.ts`, the noExt portion is "foo" (not "foo.d"), so the
+    // pattern (a) candidates should be the non-.d.ts module variants.
+    const out = shadowCandidatesFor('types/foo.d.ts');
+    expect(out).toContain('types/foo.ts');
+    expect(out).toContain('types/foo.tsx');
+    expect(out).toContain('types/foo.js');
+    // Not the .d.ts itself.
+    expect(out).not.toContain('types/foo.d.ts');
+  });
+
+  it('deduplicates output (no candidate appears twice)', () => {
+    const out = shadowCandidatesFor('src/foo/bar.ts');
+    expect(out.length).toBe(new Set(out).size);
+  });
+
+  it('never includes the input path itself', () => {
+    const input = 'src/foo/bar.ts';
+    expect(shadowCandidatesFor(input)).not.toContain(input);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-subgraph-extract.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-subgraph-extract.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc720fd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/incremental-subgraph-extract.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for incremental DB writeback subgraph extraction.
+ *
+ * Locks the Finding 1 fix (PR #1479 review): cross-file edges between
+ * two unchanged files MUST land in the writeback subgraph when a third
+ * (changed) file alters their cross-file resolution. The pre-fix
+ * behaviour silently dropped those edges, leaving stale rows in the DB.
+ *
+ * These tests use synthetic graphs constructed via createKnowledgeGraph
+ * directly — they don't run the parser, so they're cheap and stable.
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import type { GraphNode, GraphRelationship } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { createKnowledgeGraph } from '../../src/core/graph/graph.js';
+import {
+  extractChangedSubgraph,
+  computeEffectiveWriteSet,
+} from '../../src/core/incremental/subgraph-extract.js';
+
+const makeFileNode = (id: string, filePath: string, label = 'Function'): GraphNode =>
+  ({
+    id,
+    label,
+    properties: { filePath, name: id },
+  }) as unknown as GraphNode;
+
+const makeWideNode = (id: string, label: 'Community' | 'Process'): GraphNode =>
+  ({
+    id,
+    label,
+    properties: {},
+  }) as unknown as GraphNode;
+
+const makeRel = (
+  id: string,
+  sourceId: string,
+  targetId: string,
+  type = 'CALLS',
+): GraphRelationship =>
+  ({
+    id,
+    sourceId,
+    targetId,
+    type,
+    properties: {},
+  }) as unknown as GraphRelationship;
+
+describe('extractChangedSubgraph', () => {
+  it('includes nodes whose filePath is in the explicit toWriteSet', () => {
+    const g = createKnowledgeGraph();
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('a', '/repo/a.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('c', '/repo/c.ts'));
+
+    const sub = extractChangedSubgraph(g, new Set(['/repo/c.ts']));
+
+    expect(sub.nodes.map((n) => n.id).sort()).toEqual(['c']);
+  });
+
+  it('always includes graph-wide nodes (Community, Process)', () => {
+    const g = createKnowledgeGraph();
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('a', '/repo/a.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeWideNode('comm-1', 'Community'));
+    g.addNode(makeWideNode('proc-1', 'Process'));
+
+    const sub = extractChangedSubgraph(g, new Set([])); // no files changed
+
+    expect(sub.nodes.map((n) => n.id).sort()).toEqual(['comm-1', 'proc-1']);
+  });
+
+  it('includes a relationship when at least one endpoint is writable', () => {
+    const g = createKnowledgeGraph();
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('a:fn', '/repo/a.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('c:fn', '/repo/c.ts'));
+    g.addRelationship(makeRel('e1', 'a:fn', 'c:fn', 'CALLS'));
+
+    // toWriteSet already includes A (the orchestrator expanded it via
+    // computeEffectiveWriteSet) — both endpoints writable, edge fires.
+    const sub = extractChangedSubgraph(g, new Set(['/repo/a.ts', '/repo/c.ts']));
+
+    expect(sub.nodes.map((n) => n.id).sort()).toEqual(['a:fn', 'c:fn']);
+    expect(sub.relationships.map((r) => r.id)).toEqual(['e1']);
+  });
+
+  it('skips a relationship entirely between unchanged files', () => {
+    const g = createKnowledgeGraph();
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('x:fn', '/repo/x.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('y:fn', '/repo/y.ts'));
+    g.addRelationship(makeRel('e1', 'x:fn', 'y:fn', 'CALLS'));
+
+    const sub = extractChangedSubgraph(g, new Set(['/repo/c.ts']));
+
+    expect(sub.nodes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(sub.relationships).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('computeEffectiveWriteSet (Finding 1)', () => {
+  it('barrel re-export — expands the writable set to the consumer file', () => {
+    // Scenario: file C (a barrel) used to re-export from B; now re-exports
+    // from D. File A is unchanged byte-wise but its CALLS to foo() now
+    // resolve to D instead of B. Both A and D are unchanged at the file
+    // level — but A's edges have shifted.
+    //
+    // Pre-fix: toWriteSet={C} → A's nodes not deleted, A→D edge not
+    //          inserted (neither endpoint writable). DB ends up with
+    //          stale A→B and missing A→D.
+    // Post-fix: the new graph has A→C (A still imports the barrel), so
+    //          A crosses the writable boundary and joins the effective
+    //          write set. deleteNodesForFile(A) then clears the stale
+    //          rows and the subgraph carries the new A→D edge.
+    const g = createKnowledgeGraph();
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('a:fn', '/repo/a.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('b:fn', '/repo/b.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('c:re-export', '/repo/c.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('d:fn', '/repo/d.ts'));
+    g.addRelationship(makeRel('e1', 'a:fn', 'c:re-export', 'IMPORTS'));
+    g.addRelationship(makeRel('e2', 'a:fn', 'd:fn', 'CALLS'));
+
+    const effective = computeEffectiveWriteSet(g, new Set(['/repo/c.ts']));
+
+    expect([...effective].sort()).toEqual(['/repo/a.ts', '/repo/c.ts']);
+  });
+
+  it('picks up edges pointing INTO the changed file (symmetric case)', () => {
+    const g = createKnowledgeGraph();
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('b:fn', '/repo/b.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('c:fn', '/repo/c.ts'));
+    g.addRelationship(makeRel('e1', 'b:fn', 'c:fn', 'CALLS'));
+
+    const effective = computeEffectiveWriteSet(g, new Set(['/repo/c.ts']));
+
+    expect([...effective].sort()).toEqual(['/repo/b.ts', '/repo/c.ts']);
+  });
+
+  it('does not expand when no edge crosses the writable boundary', () => {
+    const g = createKnowledgeGraph();
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('x:fn', '/repo/x.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('y:fn', '/repo/y.ts'));
+    g.addRelationship(makeRel('e1', 'x:fn', 'y:fn', 'CALLS'));
+
+    const effective = computeEffectiveWriteSet(g, new Set(['/repo/c.ts']));
+
+    expect([...effective].sort()).toEqual(['/repo/c.ts']);
+  });
+
+  it('ignores edges to graph-wide nodes (no filePath)', () => {
+    const g = createKnowledgeGraph();
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('a:fn', '/repo/a.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeWideNode('comm-1', 'Community'));
+    g.addRelationship(makeRel('e1', 'a:fn', 'comm-1', 'BELONGS_TO'));
+
+    const effective = computeEffectiveWriteSet(g, new Set(['/repo/a.ts']));
+
+    expect([...effective].sort()).toEqual(['/repo/a.ts']);
+  });
+
+  it('does not mutate the input set', () => {
+    const g = createKnowledgeGraph();
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('a:fn', '/repo/a.ts'));
+    g.addNode(makeFileNode('c:fn', '/repo/c.ts'));
+    g.addRelationship(makeRel('e1', 'a:fn', 'c:fn', 'CALLS'));
+
+    const input = new Set(['/repo/c.ts']);
+    computeEffectiveWriteSet(g, input);
+
+    expect([...input]).toEqual(['/repo/c.ts']);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/lbug-checkpoint-lifecycle.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/lbug-checkpoint-lifecycle.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e9ffe8f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/lbug-checkpoint-lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+describe('lbug adapter CHECKPOINT lifecycle', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.doUnmock('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-config.js');
+    vi.doUnmock('../../src/core/lbug/extension-loader.js');
+    vi.resetModules();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('drains and closes CHECKPOINT result before closing connection and database handles', async () => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+
+    const events: string[] = [];
+    const checkpointResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('checkpoint:getAll');
+        return [];
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(() => {
+        events.push('checkpoint:close');
+      }),
+    };
+    const genericResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => []),
+      close: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    const conn = {
+      query: vi.fn(async (sql: string) => {
+        if (sql === 'CHECKPOINT') {
+          events.push('checkpoint:query');
+          return checkpointResult;
+        }
+        return genericResult;
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('conn:close');
+      }),
+    };
+    const db = {
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('db:close');
+      }),
+    };
+
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-config.js', () => ({
+      openLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => ({ db, conn })),
+      closeLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+      isDbBusyError: vi.fn((err: unknown) => String(err).toLowerCase().includes('lock')),
+      isOpenRetryExhausted: vi.fn(() => false),
+      waitForWindowsHandleRelease: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    }));
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/extension-loader.js', () => ({
+      extensionManager: {
+        ensure: vi.fn(async () => true),
+        getCapabilities: vi.fn(() => []),
+        reset: vi.fn(),
+      },
+    }));
+
+    const adapter = await import('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.js');
+    await adapter.initLbug('/tmp/gitnexus-lbug-checkpoint-lifecycle/lbug');
+
+    events.length = 0;
+    await adapter.closeLbug();
+
+    expect(events).toEqual([
+      'checkpoint:query',
+      'checkpoint:getAll',
+      'checkpoint:close',
+      'conn:close',
+      'db:close',
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('closes normal query results after reading rows', async () => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+
+    const events: string[] = [];
+    const queryResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('query:getAll');
+        return [{ id: 'file:a' }];
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(() => {
+        events.push('query:close');
+      }),
+    };
+    const genericResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => []),
+      close: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    const conn = {
+      query: vi.fn(async (sql: string) => {
+        if (sql === 'MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id') {
+          events.push('query:run');
+          return queryResult;
+        }
+        return genericResult;
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+    const db = {
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-config.js', () => ({
+      openLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => ({ db, conn })),
+      closeLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+      isDbBusyError: vi.fn((err: unknown) => String(err).toLowerCase().includes('lock')),
+      isOpenRetryExhausted: vi.fn(() => false),
+      waitForWindowsHandleRelease: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    }));
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/extension-loader.js', () => ({
+      extensionManager: {
+        ensure: vi.fn(async () => true),
+        getCapabilities: vi.fn(() => []),
+        reset: vi.fn(),
+      },
+    }));
+
+    const adapter = await import('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.js');
+    await adapter.initLbug('/tmp/gitnexus-lbug-query-lifecycle/lbug');
+
+    events.length = 0;
+    await expect(adapter.executeQuery('MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id')).resolves.toEqual([
+      { id: 'file:a' },
+    ]);
+
+    expect(events).toEqual(['query:run', 'query:getAll', 'query:close']);
+
+    await adapter.closeLbug();
+  });
+
+  it('treats synchronous query result close errors as best-effort cleanup', async () => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+
+    const queryResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => [{ id: 'file:a' }]),
+      close: vi.fn(() => {
+        throw new Error('close failed');
+      }),
+    };
+    const genericResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => []),
+      close: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    const conn = {
+      query: vi.fn(async (sql: string) => {
+        if (sql === 'MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id') {
+          return queryResult;
+        }
+        return genericResult;
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+    const db = {
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-config.js', () => ({
+      openLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => ({ db, conn })),
+      closeLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+      isDbBusyError: vi.fn((err: unknown) => String(err).toLowerCase().includes('lock')),
+      isOpenRetryExhausted: vi.fn(() => false),
+      waitForWindowsHandleRelease: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    }));
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/extension-loader.js', () => ({
+      extensionManager: {
+        ensure: vi.fn(async () => true),
+        getCapabilities: vi.fn(() => []),
+        reset: vi.fn(),
+      },
+    }));
+
+    const adapter = await import('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.js');
+    await adapter.initLbug('/tmp/gitnexus-lbug-sync-close-lifecycle/lbug');
+
+    await expect(adapter.executeQuery('MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id')).resolves.toEqual([
+      { id: 'file:a' },
+    ]);
+    expect(queryResult.close).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+
+    await adapter.closeLbug();
+  });
+
+  it('closes later query results when an earlier array result fails to read', async () => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+
+    const events: string[] = [];
+    const firstResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('first:getAll');
+        throw new Error('read failed');
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(() => {
+        events.push('first:close');
+      }),
+    };
+    const secondResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('second:getAll');
+        return [];
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(() => {
+        events.push('second:close');
+      }),
+    };
+    const genericResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => []),
+      close: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    const conn = {
+      query: vi.fn(async (sql: string) => {
+        if (sql === 'MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id') {
+          return [firstResult, secondResult];
+        }
+        return genericResult;
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+    const db = {
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-config.js', () => ({
+      openLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => ({ db, conn })),
+      closeLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+      isDbBusyError: vi.fn((err: unknown) => String(err).toLowerCase().includes('lock')),
+      isOpenRetryExhausted: vi.fn(() => false),
+      waitForWindowsHandleRelease: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    }));
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/extension-loader.js', () => ({
+      extensionManager: {
+        ensure: vi.fn(async () => true),
+        getCapabilities: vi.fn(() => []),
+        reset: vi.fn(),
+      },
+    }));
+
+    const adapter = await import('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.js');
+    await adapter.initLbug('/tmp/gitnexus-lbug-array-error-lifecycle/lbug');
+
+    await expect(adapter.executeQuery('MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id')).rejects.toThrow(
+      'read failed',
+    );
+    expect(events).toEqual(['first:getAll', 'first:close', 'second:getAll', 'second:close']);
+
+    await adapter.closeLbug();
+  });
+
+  it('closes non-first stream query results when LadybugDB returns an array', async () => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+
+    const events: string[] = [];
+    const firstResult = {
+      hasNext: vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+          events.push('first:hasNext:true');
+          return true;
+        })
+        .mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+          events.push('first:hasNext:false');
+          return false;
+        }),
+      getNext: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('first:getNext');
+        return { id: 'file:a' };
+      }),
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('first:getAll');
+        return [];
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(() => {
+        events.push('first:close');
+      }),
+    };
+    const secondResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('second:getAll');
+        return [];
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(() => {
+        events.push('second:close');
+      }),
+    };
+    const genericResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => []),
+      close: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    const conn = {
+      query: vi.fn(async (sql: string) => {
+        if (sql === 'MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id') {
+          events.push('stream:query');
+          return [firstResult, secondResult];
+        }
+        return genericResult;
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+    const db = {
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-config.js', () => ({
+      openLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => ({ db, conn })),
+      closeLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+      isDbBusyError: vi.fn((err: unknown) => String(err).toLowerCase().includes('lock')),
+      isOpenRetryExhausted: vi.fn(() => false),
+      waitForWindowsHandleRelease: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    }));
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/extension-loader.js', () => ({
+      extensionManager: {
+        ensure: vi.fn(async () => true),
+        getCapabilities: vi.fn(() => []),
+        reset: vi.fn(),
+      },
+    }));
+
+    const adapter = await import('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.js');
+    await adapter.initLbug('/tmp/gitnexus-lbug-stream-lifecycle/lbug');
+
+    const rows: unknown[] = [];
+    events.length = 0;
+    await expect(
+      adapter.streamQuery('MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id', (row) => {
+        rows.push(row);
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toBe(1);
+
+    expect(rows).toEqual([{ id: 'file:a' }]);
+    expect(events).toEqual([
+      'stream:query',
+      'first:hasNext:true',
+      'first:getNext',
+      'first:hasNext:false',
+      'first:getAll',
+      'first:close',
+      'second:getAll',
+      'second:close',
+    ]);
+
+    await adapter.closeLbug();
+  });
+
+  it('drains stream query results when row handling fails before the result is exhausted', async () => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+
+    const events: string[] = [];
+    const queryResult = {
+      hasNext: vi.fn(() => {
+        events.push('stream:hasNext');
+        return true;
+      }),
+      getNext: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('stream:getNext');
+        return { id: 'file:a' };
+      }),
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => {
+        events.push('stream:getAll');
+        return [{ id: 'file:b' }];
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(() => {
+        events.push('stream:close');
+      }),
+    };
+    const genericResult = {
+      getAll: vi.fn(async () => []),
+      close: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    const conn = {
+      query: vi.fn(async (sql: string) => {
+        if (sql === 'MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id') {
+          events.push('stream:query');
+          return queryResult;
+        }
+        return genericResult;
+      }),
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+    const db = {
+      close: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    };
+
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-config.js', () => ({
+      openLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => ({ db, conn })),
+      closeLbugConnection: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+      isDbBusyError: vi.fn((err: unknown) => String(err).toLowerCase().includes('lock')),
+      isOpenRetryExhausted: vi.fn(() => false),
+      waitForWindowsHandleRelease: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    }));
+    vi.doMock('../../src/core/lbug/extension-loader.js', () => ({
+      extensionManager: {
+        ensure: vi.fn(async () => true),
+        getCapabilities: vi.fn(() => []),
+        reset: vi.fn(),
+      },
+    }));
+
+    const adapter = await import('../../src/core/lbug/lbug-adapter.js');
+    await adapter.initLbug('/tmp/gitnexus-lbug-stream-error-lifecycle/lbug');
+
+    await expect(
+      adapter.streamQuery('MATCH (n:File) RETURN n.id AS id', () => {
+        throw new Error('client disconnected');
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow('client disconnected');
+
+    expect(events).toEqual([
+      'stream:query',
+      'stream:hasNext',
+      'stream:getNext',
+      'stream:getAll',
+      'stream:close',
+    ]);
+
+    await adapter.closeLbug();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/lbug-checkpoint.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/lbug-checkpoint.test.ts
index 5b68ee9bd..5b9603997 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/lbug-checkpoint.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/lbug-checkpoint.test.ts
@@ -58,6 +58,14 @@ describe('flushWAL / safeClose — consolidation guard (#1376)', () => {
     expect(matches.length).toBe(1);
   });
 
+  it('flushWAL drains and closes the CHECKPOINT result before returning', () => {
+    const flushBody = adapterSource.slice(
+      adapterSource.indexOf('export const flushWAL'),
+      adapterSource.indexOf('export const safeClose'),
+    );
+    expect(flushBody).toMatch(/await drainQueryResult\(checkpointResult\)/);
+  });
+
   it('conn.close() only appears inside safeClose (with eslint-disable)', () => {
     // Every conn.close() in the adapter must live inside safeClose, guarded
     // by the eslint-disable comment. Count occurrences to catch leaks.
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/registry-primary-flag.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/registry-primary-flag.test.ts
index 9e8be3455..864754b7f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/registry-primary-flag.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/registry-primary-flag.test.ts
@@ -148,17 +148,20 @@ describe('primaryLanguages', () => {
 
   it('returns exactly the flipped languages (env opts in unmigrated, opts out migrated)', () => {
     // Migrated languages are default-on; each must be opted out here when
-    // testing explicit env overrides. Java (unmigrated) opts in; Go stays off.
-    process.env['REGISTRY_PRIMARY_PYTHON'] = 'false';
-    process.env['REGISTRY_PRIMARY_CSHARP'] = 'false';
-    process.env['REGISTRY_PRIMARY_TYPESCRIPT'] = 'false';
-    process.env['REGISTRY_PRIMARY_GO'] = 'false';
-    process.env['REGISTRY_PRIMARY_C'] = 'false';
+    // testing explicit env overrides. Java (unmigrated) opts in.
+    // Opt out every member of MIGRATED_LANGUAGES dynamically so this test
+    // does not have to be updated each time a new language ships its
+    // Ring 3 migration (PHP joined the set in commit 69786b16; future
+    // Ring 3 additions land here without test churn).
+    for (const lang of MIGRATED_LANGUAGES) {
+      process.env[envVarNameFor(lang)] = 'false';
+    }
     process.env['REGISTRY_PRIMARY_JAVA'] = '1';
     const enabled = primaryLanguages();
     expect(enabled.has(SupportedLanguages.Python)).toBe(false);
     expect(enabled.has(SupportedLanguages.CSharp)).toBe(false);
     expect(enabled.has(SupportedLanguages.Go)).toBe(false);
+    expect(enabled.has(SupportedLanguages.PHP)).toBe(false);
     expect(enabled.has(SupportedLanguages.Java)).toBe(true);
     // Only Java is on: migrated defaults overridden off, Java explicitly on.
     expect(enabled.size).toBe(1);
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/overload-narrowing.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/overload-narrowing.test.ts
index 810c3a79b..9a14fdddd 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/overload-narrowing.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/overload-narrowing.test.ts
@@ -69,11 +69,26 @@ describe('narrowOverloadCandidates — arity filtering', () => {
     expect(result.map((d) => d.nodeId)).toEqual(['v:1']);
   });
 
-  it('falls back to the full overload list when arity filter empties it', () => {
+  it('returns empty when arity filter empties the set AND every candidate had definite bounds', () => {
     // argCount=5 doesn't match any overload (none variadic, all have max < 5).
+    // Post-commit af9af4a9 (PR #1497 / U1): the empty result is now authoritative
+    // because every rejected candidate had defined `parameterCount` /
+    // `requiredParameterCount`. The old "always fall back to full list" rescue
+    // was deliberately removed so resolvers actually drop calls that are
+    // definitively arity-incompatible (e.g., PHP `f(int $req, ...$rest)`
+    // called with zero args).
     const result = narrowOverloadCandidates([add1, add2, add3], 5, undefined);
-    expect(result.map((d) => d.nodeId)).toEqual(['add:1', 'add:2', 'add:3']);
+    expect(result.map((d) => d.nodeId)).toEqual([]);
   });
+
+  // Note: the `anyUnknownBounds ? overloads : []` branch in
+  // narrowOverloadCandidates is structurally unreachable in this caller's
+  // shape — a candidate with both `parameterCount` and `requiredParameterCount`
+  // undefined always passes the arity filter (neither `argCount > max` nor
+  // `argCount < min` can fire), so `arityMatches.length` is always > 0
+  // whenever `anyUnknownBounds` is true. The branch is preserved in the
+  // source as a defensive guard for future refactors that might add
+  // additional rejection criteria in the filter.
 });
 
 describe('narrowOverloadCandidates — type narrowing', () => {
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/pick-implicit-this-overload.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/pick-implicit-this-overload.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26f526382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/pick-implicit-this-overload.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for `pickImplicitThisOverload` — the implicit-`this` free-call
+ * resolver in `free-call-fallback.ts`.
+ *
+ * Codex PR #1497 review, finding 2: the previous implementation returned
+ * `candidates[0]` after `narrowOverloadCandidates` regardless of how many
+ * candidates survived narrowing. When two same-name methods on the same
+ * class had identical arity and unknown argument types, narrowing left both
+ * compatible and the resolver emitted a high-confidence CALLS edge whose
+ * target depended on registration order. The fix tightens the picker to
+ * require a UNIQUE post-narrowing candidate; otherwise the call is left
+ * unresolved.
+ *
+ * These tests exercise the function via synthetic stubs — no fixtures, no
+ * pipeline — because the failure shape (two same-arity overloads with
+ * indistinguishable types) cannot be produced by a PHP integration fixture
+ * (PHP forbids method overloading) and any C# fixture would entangle this
+ * unit's contract with the wider C# resolver.
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import type { Scope, ScopeId, SymbolDefinition } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import { pickImplicitThisOverload } from '../../../src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/passes/free-call-fallback.js';
+import type { ScopeResolutionIndexes } from '../../../src/core/ingestion/model/scope-resolution-indexes.js';
+import type { SemanticModel } from '../../../src/core/ingestion/model/semantic-model.js';
+import type { WorkspaceResolutionIndex } from '../../../src/core/ingestion/scope-resolution/workspace-index.js';
+
+const CLASS_SCOPE_ID = 'scope:test.cs#1:1-100:1:Class' as ScopeId;
+const CLASS_DEF_ID = 'def:test.cs:Foo';
+
+const mkMethod = (overrides: Partial<SymbolDefinition> & { nodeId: string }): SymbolDefinition => ({
+  nodeId: overrides.nodeId,
+  filePath: 'x.cs',
+  type: 'Method',
+  ...overrides,
+});
+
+const mkClassScope = (): Scope =>
+  ({
+    id: CLASS_SCOPE_ID,
+    parent: null,
+    kind: 'Class',
+    range: { startLine: 1, startCol: 1, endLine: 100, endCol: 1 },
+    filePath: 'test.cs',
+    bindings: new Map(),
+    typeBindings: new Map(),
+    ownedDefs: [],
+  }) as unknown as Scope;
+
+const mkScopes = (scope: Scope): ScopeResolutionIndexes =>
+  ({
+    scopeTree: {
+      getScope: (id: ScopeId) => (id === scope.id ? scope : undefined),
+    },
+  }) as unknown as ScopeResolutionIndexes;
+
+const mkWorkspaceIndex = (mapping: ReadonlyMap<ScopeId, string>): WorkspaceResolutionIndex =>
+  ({
+    classScopeIdToDefId: mapping,
+  }) as unknown as WorkspaceResolutionIndex;
+
+const mkModel = (
+  overloadsByName: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly SymbolDefinition[]>,
+): SemanticModel =>
+  ({
+    methods: {
+      lookupAllByOwner: (_classDefId: string, name: string) =>
+        overloadsByName.get(name) ?? ([] as readonly SymbolDefinition[]),
+    },
+  }) as unknown as SemanticModel;
+
+describe('pickImplicitThisOverload — uniqueness guard (Codex #1497 finding 2)', () => {
+  const site = {
+    inScope: CLASS_SCOPE_ID,
+    name: 'save',
+    arity: 1,
+    argumentTypes: undefined,
+  };
+
+  it('returns the sole overload when only one method exists on the owner', () => {
+    const sole = mkMethod({ nodeId: 'm:1', parameterCount: 1, requiredParameterCount: 1 });
+    const scopes = mkScopes(mkClassScope());
+    const workspace = mkWorkspaceIndex(new Map([[CLASS_SCOPE_ID, CLASS_DEF_ID]]));
+    const model = mkModel(new Map([['save', [sole]]]));
+
+    const result = pickImplicitThisOverload(site, scopes, workspace, model);
+
+    expect(result?.nodeId).toBe('m:1');
+  });
+
+  it('returns the single survivor when narrowing disambiguates by arity', () => {
+    const save1 = mkMethod({ nodeId: 'm:1', parameterCount: 1, requiredParameterCount: 1 });
+    const save2 = mkMethod({ nodeId: 'm:2', parameterCount: 2, requiredParameterCount: 2 });
+    const scopes = mkScopes(mkClassScope());
+    const workspace = mkWorkspaceIndex(new Map([[CLASS_SCOPE_ID, CLASS_DEF_ID]]));
+    const model = mkModel(new Map([['save', [save1, save2]]]));
+
+    // site.arity = 1 → only save1 survives narrowing.
+    const result = pickImplicitThisOverload(site, scopes, workspace, model);
+
+    expect(result?.nodeId).toBe('m:1');
+  });
+
+  it('returns undefined when narrowing leaves two compatible candidates (the bug)', () => {
+    // Two same-arity, same-required-count overloads with no disambiguating
+    // parameter-type info on either def. `narrowOverloadCandidates` keeps
+    // both; pre-fix code returned `candidates[0]` (registration order);
+    // post-fix code returns undefined.
+    const save1 = mkMethod({ nodeId: 'm:1', parameterCount: 1, requiredParameterCount: 1 });
+    const save2 = mkMethod({ nodeId: 'm:2', parameterCount: 1, requiredParameterCount: 1 });
+    const scopes = mkScopes(mkClassScope());
+    const workspace = mkWorkspaceIndex(new Map([[CLASS_SCOPE_ID, CLASS_DEF_ID]]));
+    const model = mkModel(new Map([['save', [save1, save2]]]));
+
+    const result = pickImplicitThisOverload(site, scopes, workspace, model);
+
+    expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('returns undefined when no method on the owner matches the call name', () => {
+    const scopes = mkScopes(mkClassScope());
+    const workspace = mkWorkspaceIndex(new Map([[CLASS_SCOPE_ID, CLASS_DEF_ID]]));
+    const model = mkModel(new Map());
+
+    const result = pickImplicitThisOverload(site, scopes, workspace, model);
+
+    expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('returns undefined when the call site is not inside a Class scope', () => {
+    // Module-scope sites: no enclosing class, so the implicit-this picker
+    // has nothing to pick from. Different from an empty-narrowing miss.
+    const moduleScope = {
+      id: 'scope:test.cs#1:1-100:1:Module' as ScopeId,
+      parent: null,
+      kind: 'Module',
+      range: { startLine: 1, startCol: 1, endLine: 100, endCol: 1 },
+      filePath: 'test.cs',
+      bindings: new Map(),
+      typeBindings: new Map(),
+      ownedDefs: [],
+    } as unknown as Scope;
+    const scopes = mkScopes(moduleScope);
+    const workspace = mkWorkspaceIndex(new Map());
+    const model = mkModel(new Map());
+
+    const result = pickImplicitThisOverload(
+      { ...site, inScope: moduleScope.id },
+      scopes,
+      workspace,
+      model,
+    );
+
+    expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/registries.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/registries.test.ts
index b204287b5..2681af69f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/registries.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/scope-resolution/registries.test.ts
@@ -250,7 +250,13 @@ describe('Step 5: arity filter', () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it('keeps incompatible candidates when no compatible candidate exists (soft penalty)', () => {
+  it('drops every candidate when ALL are incompatible AND none unknown (hard rejection)', () => {
+    // Post-commit af9af4a9 (PR #1497 / U1): the old soft-penalty fallback
+    // that kept incompatible candidates with `arityMatchIncompatible`
+    // weight was deliberately removed at this layer too. When every
+    // candidate is definitively arity-incompatible, the registry returns
+    // no resolution — matching the PHP variadic case `f(int $req, ...$rest)`
+    // called with zero args.
     const save3 = mkDef({
       nodeId: 'def:save-three',
       type: 'Method',
@@ -268,8 +274,41 @@ describe('Step 5: arity filter', () => {
     const results = buildMethodRegistry(ctx).lookup('save', 'scope:m', {
       callsite: { arity: 1 },
     });
-    expect(results).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(evidenceOfKind(results[0]!, 'arity-match')?.weight).toBe(
+    expect(results).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps incompatible candidates when at least one verdict is unknown (soft penalty)', () => {
+    // The soft-rescue path is still active when at least one candidate's
+    // arity verdict is 'unknown' — that signals missing metadata rather
+    // than a definitive mismatch, so all candidates (including incompatible
+    // ones) are preserved with their evidence weights for downstream
+    // tie-breaking.
+    const save3 = mkDef({
+      nodeId: 'def:save-three',
+      type: 'Method',
+      qualifiedName: 'User.save',
+      parameterCount: 3,
+    });
+    const saveUnknown = mkDef({
+      nodeId: 'def:save-unknown',
+      type: 'Method',
+      qualifiedName: 'User.save',
+    });
+    const mod = mkScope({
+      id: 'scope:m',
+      parent: null,
+      bindings: { save: [mkBinding(save3, 'local'), mkBinding(saveUnknown, 'local')] },
+    });
+    const ctx = makeCtx([mod], [save3, saveUnknown], {
+      arity: (_callsite, def) => (def.nodeId === 'def:save-unknown' ? 'unknown' : 'incompatible'),
+    });
+    const results = buildMethodRegistry(ctx).lookup('save', 'scope:m', {
+      callsite: { arity: 1 },
+    });
+    expect(results).toHaveLength(2);
+    const incompat = results.find((r) => r.def.nodeId === 'def:save-three');
+    expect(incompat).toBeDefined();
+    expect(evidenceOfKind(incompat!, 'arity-match')?.weight).toBe(
       EvidenceWeights.arityMatchIncompatible,
     );
   });