diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-env.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-env.ts
index 8bf9dac7e..9c08d11ba 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-env.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-env.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import type { SymbolTable } from './symbol-table.js';
  *
  * Design constraints:
  * - Explicit-only: Tier 0 uses type annotations; Tier 1 infers from constructors
- * - Tier 2: single-pass assignment chain propagation (depth-1) — resolves
+ * - Tier 2: single-pass assignment chain propagation in source order — resolves
  *   `const b = a` when `a` already has a type from Tier 0/1
  * - Scope-aware: function-local variables don't collide across functions
  * - Conservative: complex/generic types extract the base name only
@@ -377,9 +377,11 @@ export const buildTypeEnv = (
 
   walk(tree.rootNode, FILE_SCOPE);
 
-  // Tier 2: single-pass assignment chain propagation (depth-1 only).
+  // Tier 2: single-pass assignment chain propagation in source order.
   // Resolves `const b = a` where `a` has a known type from Tier 0/1.
-  // No fixpoint iteration — depth-1 covers 95%+ of real-world patterns.
+  // Multi-hop chains resolve when forward-declared (a→b→c in source order);
+  // reverse-order assignments are depth-1 only. No fixpoint iteration —
+  // this covers 95%+ of real-world patterns.
   for (const { scope, lhs, rhs } of pendingAssignments) {
     const scopeEnv = env.get(scope);
     if (!scopeEnv || scopeEnv.has(lhs)) continue;
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/csharp.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/csharp.ts
index e96892e2d..3ae5e7941 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/csharp.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/csharp.ts
@@ -170,7 +170,10 @@ const extractPendingAssignment: PendingAssignmentExtractor = (node, scopeEnv) =>
     const lhs = nameNode.text;
     if (scopeEnv.has(lhs)) continue;
     // C# wraps value in equals_value_clause; fall back to last named child
-    const evc = child.children.find(c => c.type === 'equals_value_clause');
+    let evc: SyntaxNode | null = null;
+    for (let j = 0; j < child.childCount; j++) {
+      if (child.child(j)?.type === 'equals_value_clause') { evc = child.child(j); break; }
+    }
     const valueNode = evc?.firstNamedChild ?? child.namedChild(child.namedChildCount - 1);
     if (valueNode && valueNode !== nameNode && (valueNode.type === 'identifier' || valueNode.type === 'simple_identifier')) {
       return { lhs, rhs: valueNode.text };
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/go.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/go.ts
index 1af347703..fe083525f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/go.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/go.ts
@@ -194,17 +194,29 @@ const extractPendingAssignment: PendingAssignmentExtractor = (node, scopeEnv) =>
     const lhs = lhsNode.text;
     if (scopeEnv.has(lhs)) return undefined;
     if (rhsNode.type === 'identifier') return { lhs, rhs: rhsNode.text };
+    return undefined;
   }
   if (node.type === 'var_spec' || node.type === 'var_declaration') {
     // var_declaration contains var_spec children; var_spec has name + expression_list value
-    const specs = node.type === 'var_declaration' ? node.namedChildren.filter(c => c.type === 'var_spec') : [node];
+    const specs: SyntaxNode[] = [];
+    if (node.type === 'var_declaration') {
+      for (let i = 0; i < node.namedChildCount; i++) {
+        const c = node.namedChild(i);
+        if (c?.type === 'var_spec') specs.push(c);
+      }
+    } else {
+      specs.push(node);
+    }
     for (const spec of specs) {
       const nameNode = spec.childForFieldName('name');
       if (!nameNode || nameNode.type !== 'identifier') continue;
       const lhs = nameNode.text;
       if (scopeEnv.has(lhs)) continue;
       // Check if the last named child is a bare identifier (no type annotation between name and value)
-      const exprList = spec.children.find(c => c.type === 'expression_list');
+      let exprList: SyntaxNode | null = null;
+      for (let i = 0; i < spec.childCount; i++) {
+        if (spec.child(i)?.type === 'expression_list') { exprList = spec.child(i); break; }
+      }
       const rhsNode = exprList?.firstNamedChild;
       if (rhsNode?.type === 'identifier') return { lhs, rhs: rhsNode.text };
     }
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/index.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/index.ts
index 8f3c11c74..5b916b347 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/index.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/index.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ export type {
   TypeBindingExtractor,
   ParameterExtractor,
   ConstructorBindingScanner,
-  ForLoopExtractor
+  ForLoopExtractor,
+  PendingAssignmentExtractor,
 } from './types.js';
 export { 
   TYPED_PARAMETER_TYPES,
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/jvm.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/jvm.ts
index 46cd9791c..262addf81 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/jvm.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/jvm.ts
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ const extractKotlinForLoopBinding: ForLoopExtractor = (node: SyntaxNode, scopeEn
 const extractKotlinPendingAssignment: PendingAssignmentExtractor = (node, scopeEnv) => {
   if (node.type !== 'property_declaration') return undefined;
   // Find the variable name from variable_declaration child
-  const varDecl = node.children.find(c => c.type === 'variable_declaration');
+  const varDecl = findChildByType(node, 'variable_declaration');
   if (!varDecl) return undefined;
   const nameNode = varDecl.firstNamedChild;
   if (!nameNode || nameNode.type !== 'simple_identifier') return undefined;
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ const extractKotlinPendingAssignment: PendingAssignmentExtractor = (node, scopeE
   for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
     const child = node.child(i);
     if (!child) continue;
-    if (child.type === '=' || child.text === '=') { foundEq = true; continue; }
+    if (child.type === '=') { foundEq = true; continue; }
     if (foundEq && child.type === 'simple_identifier') {
       return { lhs, rhs: child.text };
     }
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/shared.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/shared.ts
index a21133cdd..21305d71b 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/shared.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/shared.ts
@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ export const TYPED_PARAMETER_TYPES = new Set([
  * Extract type arguments from a generic type node.
  * e.g., List<User, String> → ['User', 'String'], Vec<User> → ['User']
  *
+ * Phase 5 infrastructure: not yet wired into production code.
+ * Will be used for container-type unwrapping (Optional<User> → User).
+ *
  * Handles language-specific AST structures:
  * - TS/Java/Rust/Go: generic_type > type_arguments > type nodes
  * - C#:              generic_type > type_argument_list > type nodes
@@ -233,6 +236,9 @@ export const hasTypeAnnotation = (node: SyntaxNode): boolean => {
   return false;
 };
 
+/** Bare nullable keywords that should not produce a receiver binding. */
+const NULLABLE_KEYWORDS = new Set(['null', 'undefined', 'void', 'None', 'nil']);
+
 /**
  * Strip nullable wrappers from a type name string.
  * Used by both lookupInEnv (TypeEnv annotations) and extractReturnTypeName
@@ -245,9 +251,6 @@ export const hasTypeAnnotation = (node: SyntaxNode): boolean => {
  *   "User | Repo"           → undefined  (genuine union — refuse)
  *   "null"                  → undefined
  */
-/** Bare nullable keywords that should not produce a receiver binding. */
-const NULLABLE_KEYWORDS = new Set(['null', 'undefined', 'void', 'None', 'nil']);
-
 export const stripNullable = (typeName: string): string | undefined => {
   let text = typeName.trim();
   if (!text) return undefined;
@@ -260,7 +263,7 @@ export const stripNullable = (typeName: string): string | undefined => {
   // Strip union with null/undefined/None/nil/void
   if (text.includes('|')) {
     const parts = text.split('|').map(p => p.trim()).filter(p =>
-      p !== 'null' && p !== 'undefined' && p !== 'void' && p !== 'None' && p !== 'nil'
+      p !== '' && !NULLABLE_KEYWORDS.has(p)
     );
     if (parts.length === 1) return parts[0];
     return undefined; // genuine union or all-nullable — refuse
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/python-nullable-chain/app.py b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/python-nullable-chain/app.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f04a0788b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/python-nullable-chain/app.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from user import User
+from repo import Repo
+
+
+def get_user() -> User:
+    return User()
+
+
+def get_repo() -> Repo:
+    return Repo()
+
+
+# Python 3.10+ union: User | None is parsed as binary_operator,
+# stored as raw text "User | None" in TypeEnv, then stripNullable resolves it.
+def nullable_chain_user() -> None:
+    u: User | None = get_user()
+    alias = u
+    alias.save()
+
+
+def nullable_chain_repo() -> None:
+    r: Repo | None = get_repo()
+    alias = r
+    alias.save()
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/python-nullable-chain/repo.py b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/python-nullable-chain/repo.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d725eb53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/python-nullable-chain/repo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+class Repo:
+    def save(self) -> bool:
+        return False
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/python-nullable-chain/user.py b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/python-nullable-chain/user.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ef6bb419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/python-nullable-chain/user.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+class User:
+    def save(self) -> bool:
+        return True
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-multi-hop-chain/src/app.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-multi-hop-chain/src/app.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81e72c032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-multi-hop-chain/src/app.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { User } from './user';
+import { Repo } from './repo';
+
+function getUser(): User { return new User(); }
+function getRepo(): Repo { return new Repo(); }
+
+// Multi-hop forward-declared chain: a → b → c (source order)
+// All three should resolve because the post-walk pass processes in order.
+export function multiHopForward(): void {
+  const a: User = getUser();
+  const b = a;
+  const c = b;
+  c.save();
+}
+
+// Multi-hop with Repo to prove disambiguation
+export function multiHopRepo(): void {
+  const a: Repo = getRepo();
+  const b = a;
+  const c = b;
+  c.save();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-multi-hop-chain/src/repo.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-multi-hop-chain/src/repo.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19631246b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-multi-hop-chain/src/repo.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export class Repo {
+  save(): boolean {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-multi-hop-chain/src/user.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-multi-hop-chain/src/user.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2af97ca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-multi-hop-chain/src/user.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export class User {
+  save(): boolean {
+    return true;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-nullable-chain/src/app.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-nullable-chain/src/app.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35f140d69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-nullable-chain/src/app.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { User } from './user';
+import { Repo } from './repo';
+
+function findUser(): User | null { return new User(); }
+function findRepo(): Repo | undefined { return new Repo(); }
+
+// Nullable type + assignment chain: the nullable union must be stripped
+// before the alias can resolve to User.
+export function nullableChainUser(): void {
+  const u: User | null = findUser();
+  const alias = u;
+  alias.save();
+}
+
+// Same pattern with Repo | undefined
+export function nullableChainRepo(): void {
+  const r: Repo | undefined = findRepo();
+  const alias = r;
+  alias.save();
+}
+
+// Triple nullable: User | null | undefined → still User
+export function tripleNullable(): void {
+  const u: User | null | undefined = findUser();
+  const alias = u;
+  alias.save();
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-nullable-chain/src/repo.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-nullable-chain/src/repo.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19631246b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-nullable-chain/src/repo.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export class Repo {
+  save(): boolean {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-nullable-chain/src/user.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-nullable-chain/src/user.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2af97ca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-nullable-chain/src/user.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export class User {
+  save(): boolean {
+    return true;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/python.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/python.test.ts
index fd4dfbc7b..626a595f3 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/python.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/python.test.ts
@@ -836,3 +836,60 @@ describe('Python assignment chain propagation', () => {
     expect(userSave!.targetFilePath).not.toBe(repoSave!.targetFilePath);
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Python nullable (User | None) + assignment chain combined.
+// Python 3.10+ union syntax is parsed as binary_operator by tree-sitter,
+// stored as raw text "User | None" in TypeEnv. stripNullable's
+// NULLABLE_KEYWORDS.has() path must resolve it at lookup time.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('Python nullable (User | None) + assignment chain combined', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'python-nullable-chain'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User and Repo classes each with a save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('Repo');
+    const saveFns = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Function').filter(m => m === 'save');
+    expect(saveFns.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('resolves alias.save() to User#save when source is User | None', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const userSave = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'nullable_chain_user' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('user.py'),
+    );
+    expect(userSave).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('alias.save() from User | None does NOT resolve to Repo#save (negative)', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const wrongCall = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'nullable_chain_user' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('repo.py'),
+    );
+    expect(wrongCall).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('resolves alias.save() to Repo#save when source is Repo | None', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const repoSave = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'nullable_chain_repo' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('repo.py'),
+    );
+    expect(repoSave).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('alias.save() from Repo | None does NOT resolve to User#save (negative)', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const wrongCall = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'nullable_chain_repo' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('user.py'),
+    );
+    expect(wrongCall).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts
index 1b40ea33c..f95cdb4af 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts
@@ -1100,3 +1100,114 @@ describe('TypeScript assignment chain propagation (Tier 2)', () => {
   });
 });
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Multi-hop forward-declared chain (a → b → c) — validates that single-pass
+// in source order resolves chains deeper than depth-1.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('TypeScript multi-hop assignment chain (a → b → c)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'ts-multi-hop-chain'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User and Repo classes each with a save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('Repo');
+    const saveMethods = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method').filter(m => m === 'save');
+    expect(saveMethods.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('resolves c.save() to User#save through a → b → c chain', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const userSave = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'multiHopForward' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('user.ts'),
+    );
+    expect(userSave).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('c.save() in multiHopForward does NOT resolve to Repo#save (negative)', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const wrongCall = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'multiHopForward' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('repo.ts'),
+    );
+    expect(wrongCall).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('resolves c.save() to Repo#save through a → b → c chain (Repo variant)', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const repoSave = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'multiHopRepo' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('repo.ts'),
+    );
+    expect(repoSave).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('c.save() in multiHopRepo does NOT resolve to User#save (negative)', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const wrongCall = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'multiHopRepo' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('user.ts'),
+    );
+    expect(wrongCall).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Nullable type + assignment chain: stripNullable must resolve the nullable
+// union (User | null → User) before the chain propagation can work.
+// Exercises the refactored NULLABLE_KEYWORDS.has() code path.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('TypeScript nullable + assignment chain combined', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'ts-nullable-chain'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects User and Repo classes each with a save method', () => {
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('User');
+    expect(getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class')).toContain('Repo');
+    const saveMethods = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Method').filter(m => m === 'save');
+    expect(saveMethods.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('resolves alias.save() to User#save when source is User | null', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const userSave = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'nullableChainUser' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('user.ts'),
+    );
+    expect(userSave).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('alias.save() from User | null does NOT resolve to Repo#save (negative)', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const wrongCall = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'nullableChainUser' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('repo.ts'),
+    );
+    expect(wrongCall).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('resolves alias.save() to Repo#save when source is Repo | undefined', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const repoSave = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'nullableChainRepo' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('repo.ts'),
+    );
+    expect(repoSave).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('resolves alias.save() to User#save when source is User | null | undefined (triple)', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const userSave = calls.find(c =>
+      c.target === 'save' && c.source === 'tripleNullable' && c.targetFilePath?.includes('user.ts'),
+    );
+    expect(userSave).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts
index 37db1764a..af9c4fc2f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts
@@ -2026,5 +2026,229 @@ svc = App::Models::Service.new
     it('strips User | nil → User (Ruby)', () => {
       expect(stripNullable('User | nil')).toBe('User');
     });
+
+    it('strips User | void | nil → User (multiple nullable keywords)', () => {
+      expect(stripNullable('User | void | nil')).toBe('User');
+    });
+
+    it('returns undefined for None alone', () => {
+      expect(stripNullable('None')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('returns undefined for nil alone', () => {
+      expect(stripNullable('nil')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('returns undefined for void alone', () => {
+      expect(stripNullable('void')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('returns undefined for undefined alone', () => {
+      expect(stripNullable('undefined')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('strips nullable suffix with spaces: User ? → User', () => {
+      expect(stripNullable(' User? ')).toBe('User');
+    });
+
+    it('returns undefined for all-nullable union: null | undefined | void', () => {
+      expect(stripNullable('null | undefined | void')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('refuses triple non-null union: User | Repo | Service', () => {
+      expect(stripNullable('User | Repo | Service')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ── Assignment chain: reverse-order depth limitation ──────────────────
+
+  describe('assignment chain — reverse-order limitation', () => {
+    it('resolves reverse-declared Tier 2→Tier 0 (Tier 0 set during walk, before post-walk)', () => {
+      // Even though b = a appears before a: User in source, a's Tier 0 binding
+      // is set during the AST walk. The post-walk Tier 2 loop runs after all
+      // Tier 0/1 bindings exist, so b = a resolves.
+      const tree = parse(`
+        function process() {
+          const b = a;
+          const a: User = getUser();
+        }
+      `, TypeScript.typescript);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'typescript');
+      const scopeKey = [...env.keys()].find(k => k.startsWith('process@'));
+      expect(scopeKey).toBeDefined();
+      expect(env.get(scopeKey!)?.get('a')).toBe('User');
+      expect(env.get(scopeKey!)?.get('b')).toBe('User');
+    });
+
+    it('does NOT resolve reverse-ordered Tier 2 chains (b = a, a = c, c: User)', () => {
+      // Two chained Tier 2 assignments in reverse source order.
+      // Post-walk iterates source order: b = a (a not yet resolved) → fails,
+      // then a = c (c is Tier 0) → succeeds. b stays unresolved.
+      const tree = parse(`
+        function process() {
+          const b = a;
+          const a = c;
+          const c: User = getUser();
+        }
+      `, TypeScript.typescript);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'typescript');
+      const scopeKey = [...env.keys()].find(k => k.startsWith('process@'));
+      expect(scopeKey).toBeDefined();
+      expect(env.get(scopeKey!)?.get('c')).toBe('User');
+      expect(env.get(scopeKey!)?.get('a')).toBe('User');
+      // b should NOT resolve — reverse Tier 2 chain
+      expect(env.get(scopeKey!)?.get('b')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ── Assignment chain: per-language coverage for refactored code ────────
+
+  describe('assignment chain — Go var_spec form', () => {
+    it('propagates var b = a when a has a known type (var_spec)', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+        package main
+        func process() {
+          var a User
+          var b = a
+        }
+      `, Go);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'go');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'a')).toBe('User');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'b')).toBe('User');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('assignment chain — C# equals_value_clause', () => {
+    it('propagates var alias = u when u has a known type', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+        class App {
+          void Process() {
+            User u = new User();
+            var alias = u;
+          }
+        }
+      `, CSharp);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'csharp');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'u')).toBe('User');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'alias')).toBe('User');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('assignment chain — Kotlin property_declaration', () => {
+    it('propagates val alias = u when u has an explicit type annotation', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+        fun process() {
+          val u: User = User()
+          val alias = u
+        }
+      `, Kotlin);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'kotlin');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'u')).toBe('User');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'alias')).toBe('User');
+    });
+
+    it('propagates val alias = u inside a class method with explicit type', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+        class Service {
+          fun process() {
+            val u: User = User()
+            val alias = u
+          }
+        }
+      `, Kotlin);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'kotlin');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'u')).toBe('User');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'alias')).toBe('User');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('assignment chain — Java variable_declarator', () => {
+    it('propagates var alias = u when u has an explicit type', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+        class App {
+          void process() {
+            User u = new User();
+            var alias = u;
+          }
+        }
+      `, Java);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'java');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'u')).toBe('User');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'alias')).toBe('User');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('assignment chain — Python identifier', () => {
+    it('propagates alias = u when u has a type annotation', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+def process():
+    u: User = get_user()
+    alias = u
+      `, Python);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'python');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'u')).toBe('User');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'alias')).toBe('User');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('assignment chain — Rust let_declaration', () => {
+    it('propagates let alias = u when u has a type annotation', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+        fn process() {
+          let u: User = User::new();
+          let alias = u;
+        }
+      `, Rust);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'rust');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'u')).toBe('User');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'alias')).toBe('User');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('assignment chain — PHP variable_name', () => {
+    it('propagates $alias = $u when $u has a type from new', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`<?php
+        function process() {
+          $u = new User();
+          $alias = $u;
+        }
+      `, PHP.php);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'php');
+      expect(flatGet(env, '$u')).toBe('User');
+      expect(flatGet(env, '$alias')).toBe('User');
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ── lookupInEnv with nullable stripping ───────────────────────────────
+
+  describe('lookup resolves through nullable stripping', () => {
+    it('TypeScript: lookup strips User | null to User', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+        function process(user: User | null) {
+          user.save();
+        }
+      `, TypeScript.typescript);
+      const typeEnv = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'typescript');
+      // Find the call node for .save()
+      const { env } = typeEnv;
+      const scopeKey = [...env.keys()].find(k => k.startsWith('process@'));
+      expect(scopeKey).toBeDefined();
+      // The raw env stores 'User' because extractSimpleTypeName already unwraps union_type
+      expect(env.get(scopeKey!)?.get('user')).toBe('User');
+    });
+
+    it('Python: lookup strips User | None to User', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+def process():
+    user: User | None = get_user()
+      `, Python);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'python');
+      // Python 3.10+ union syntax is stored as raw text "User | None"
+      // which stripNullable resolves at lookup time
+      const rawVal = flatGet(env, 'user');
+      expect(rawVal).toBeDefined();
+      // Either already unwrapped by AST, or stored as raw text for stripNullable
+      expect(stripNullable(rawVal!)).toBe('User');
+    });
   });
 });