diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/cobol-processor.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/cobol-processor.ts
index 4a4bbf3b3..789c13827 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/cobol-processor.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/cobol-processor.ts
@@ -183,23 +183,35 @@ export const processCobol = (
   // (target = <unresolved>:PROGNAME) because later programs haven't
   // been registered in moduleNodeIds yet. Now that ALL programs are
   // processed, re-scan unresolved CALLS edges and patch them.
+  // This covers both `cobol-call-unresolved` and CICS LINK/XCTL edges
+  // whose targets contain `<unresolved>:`.
   graph.forEachRelationship(rel => {
-    if (rel.type === 'CALLS' && rel.reason?.startsWith('cobol-call-unresolved')) {
-      // Extract the program name from the synthetic target ID
-      const match = rel.targetId.match(/<unresolved>:(.+)/);
-      if (!match) return;
-      const resolvedId = moduleNodeIds.get(match[1]);
-      if (resolvedId) {
-        // Replace with resolved edge (can't mutate, so add new + mark old)
-        graph.addRelationship({
-          id: rel.id + ':resolved',
-          type: 'CALLS',
-          sourceId: rel.sourceId,
-          targetId: resolvedId,
-          confidence: 0.95,
-          reason: 'cobol-call',
-        });
-      }
+    if (rel.type !== 'CALLS') return;
+    const match = rel.targetId.match(/<unresolved>:(.+)/);
+    if (!match) return;
+    const resolvedId = moduleNodeIds.get(match[1]);
+    if (!resolvedId) return;
+
+    if (rel.reason?.startsWith('cobol-call-unresolved')) {
+      // Replace unresolved CALL with resolved edge
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: rel.id + ':resolved',
+        type: 'CALLS',
+        sourceId: rel.sourceId,
+        targetId: resolvedId,
+        confidence: 0.95,
+        reason: 'cobol-call',
+      });
+    } else if (rel.reason === 'cics-link-unresolved' || rel.reason === 'cics-xctl-unresolved') {
+      // Replace unresolved CICS LINK/XCTL with resolved edge
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: rel.id + ':resolved',
+        type: 'CALLS',
+        sourceId: rel.sourceId,
+        targetId: resolvedId,
+        confidence: 0.95,
+        reason: rel.reason.replace('-unresolved', ''),
+      });
     }
   });
 
@@ -493,15 +505,17 @@ function mapToGraph(
     });
     // LINK/XCTL -> cross-program CALLS
     if (cics.programName && (cics.command === 'LINK' || cics.command === 'XCTL')) {
-      const targetId = moduleNodeIds.get(cics.programName.toUpperCase())
+      const cicsTargetModuleId = moduleNodeIds.get(cics.programName.toUpperCase());
+      const targetId = cicsTargetModuleId
         ?? generateId('Module', `<unresolved>:${cics.programName.toUpperCase()}`);
+      const cicsReason = `cics-${cics.command.toLowerCase()}`;
       graph.addRelationship({
         id: generateId('CALLS', `${parentId}->cics-${cics.command.toLowerCase()}->${cics.programName}:L${cics.line}`),
         type: 'CALLS',
         sourceId: parentId,
         targetId,
-        confidence: 0.95,
-        reason: `cics-${cics.command.toLowerCase()}`,
+        confidence: cicsTargetModuleId ? 0.95 : 0.5,
+        reason: cicsTargetModuleId ? cicsReason : `${cicsReason}-unresolved`,
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/AUDITLOG.cbl b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/AUDITLOG.cbl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34b12efa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/AUDITLOG.cbl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
+       PROGRAM-ID. AUDITLOG.
+
+       DATA DIVISION.
+       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
+       01 WS-LOG-MESSAGE           PIC X(80).
+       01 WS-TIMESTAMP             PIC X(26).
+
+       LINKAGE SECTION.
+       01 LS-CUST-ID               PIC 9(8).
+       01 LS-AMOUNT                PIC 9(7)V99.
+
+       PROCEDURE DIVISION USING LS-CUST-ID LS-AMOUNT.
+       MAIN-PARAGRAPH.
+           PERFORM WRITE-LOG
+           GOBACK.
+
+       WRITE-LOG.
+           STRING 'Customer ' LS-CUST-ID ' amount ' LS-AMOUNT
+               DELIMITED BY SIZE INTO WS-LOG-MESSAGE
+           DISPLAY WS-LOG-MESSAGE.
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/CUSTDAT.cpy b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/CUSTDAT.cpy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52428837a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/CUSTDAT.cpy
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+       01 WS-CUSTOMER-DATA.
+           05 WS-CUST-CODE         PIC X(10).
+           05 WS-CUST-TYPE         PIC X(3).
+               88 PREMIUM-CUSTOMER VALUE 'PRM'.
+               88 REGULAR-CUSTOMER VALUE 'REG'.
+           05 WS-CUST-ADDR         PIC X(50).
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/CUSTUPDT.cbl b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/CUSTUPDT.cbl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d087715b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/CUSTUPDT.cbl
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
+       PROGRAM-ID. CUSTUPDT.
+       AUTHOR. TEST.
+
+       ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
+       INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
+       FILE-CONTROL.
+           SELECT CUSTOMER-FILE ASSIGN TO 'CUSTFILE'
+               ORGANIZATION IS INDEXED
+               ACCESS IS DYNAMIC
+               RECORD KEY IS CUST-ID
+               FILE STATUS IS WS-FILE-STATUS.
+
+       DATA DIVISION.
+       FILE SECTION.
+       FD CUSTOMER-FILE.
+       01 CUSTOMER-RECORD.
+           05 CUST-ID              PIC 9(8).
+           05 CUST-NAME            PIC X(30).
+           05 CUST-BALANCE         PIC 9(7)V99.
+
+       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
+       01 WS-FILE-STATUS           PIC XX.
+       01 WS-CUSTOMER-NAME         PIC X(30).
+       01 WS-AMOUNT                PIC 9(7)V99.
+       01 WS-EOF                   PIC 9 VALUE 0.
+           88 END-OF-FILE          VALUE 1.
+
+       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
+       MAIN-PARAGRAPH.
+           PERFORM INIT-PARAGRAPH
+           PERFORM PROCESS-PARAGRAPH
+           PERFORM CLEANUP-PARAGRAPH
+           STOP RUN.
+
+       INIT-PARAGRAPH.
+           OPEN I-O CUSTOMER-FILE
+           MOVE SPACES TO WS-CUSTOMER-NAME.
+
+       PROCESS-PARAGRAPH.
+           PERFORM READ-CUSTOMER
+           PERFORM UPDATE-BALANCE
+           CALL "AUDITLOG" USING CUST-ID WS-AMOUNT
+           PERFORM WRITE-CUSTOMER.
+
+       READ-CUSTOMER.
+           READ CUSTOMER-FILE
+               NOT AT END
+                   MOVE CUST-NAME TO WS-CUSTOMER-NAME
+           END-READ.
+
+       UPDATE-BALANCE.
+           ADD WS-AMOUNT TO CUST-BALANCE
+           MOVE WS-AMOUNT TO CUST-BALANCE.
+
+       WRITE-CUSTOMER.
+           REWRITE CUSTOMER-RECORD.
+
+       CLEANUP-PARAGRAPH.
+           CLOSE CUSTOMER-FILE.
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/RPTGEN.cbl b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/RPTGEN.cbl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab8213249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/RPTGEN.cbl
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
+       PROGRAM-ID. RPTGEN.
+
+       DATA DIVISION.
+       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
+           COPY CUSTDAT.
+       01 WS-REPORT-LINE           PIC X(132).
+       01 WS-SQL-CODE              PIC S9(9) COMP.
+
+       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
+       MAIN-PARAGRAPH.
+           PERFORM FETCH-DATA
+           PERFORM FORMAT-REPORT
+           PERFORM SEND-SCREEN
+           CALL "CUSTUPDT"
+           STOP RUN.
+
+       FETCH-DATA.
+           EXEC SQL
+               SELECT CUST_NAME, CUST_BALANCE
+               FROM CUSTOMER
+               WHERE CUST_ID = :WS-CUST-CODE
+           END-EXEC.
+
+       FORMAT-REPORT.
+           MOVE WS-CUST-CODE TO WS-REPORT-LINE
+           PERFORM MAIN-PARAGRAPH THRU FORMAT-REPORT.
+
+       SEND-SCREEN.
+           EXEC CICS
+               SEND MAP('CUSTRPT') MAPSET('CUSTSET')
+           END-EXEC.
+
+           EXEC CICS
+               LINK PROGRAM('AUDITLOG')
+           END-EXEC.
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/RUNJOBS.jcl b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/RUNJOBS.jcl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b737f337a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/cobol-app/RUNJOBS.jcl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//CUSTJOB  JOB (ACCT),'CUSTOMER UPDATE',CLASS=A,MSGCLASS=X
+//STEP1    EXEC PGM=CUSTUPDT
+//CUSTFILE DD DSN=PROD.CUSTOMER.MASTER,DISP=SHR
+//STEP2    EXEC PGM=RPTGEN
+//SYSOUT   DD SYSOUT=*
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cobol.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cobol.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2c4b6e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cobol.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+/**
+ * COBOL: PROGRAM-ID modules, paragraph functions, data items, COPY imports,
+ *        CALL cross-program resolution, EXEC SQL/CICS blocks, MOVE data flow,
+ *        file declarations, JCL job/step integration
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll } from 'vitest';
+import path from 'path';
+import {
+  FIXTURES, getRelationships, getNodesByLabel,
+  runPipelineFromRepo, type PipelineResult,
+} from './helpers.js';
+
+describe('COBOL full system extraction', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'cobol-app'),
+      () => {},
+      { skipGraphPhases: true }, // COBOL is regex-based, not in SupportedLanguages enum
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  // ── Node detection ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  it('detects Module nodes for each PROGRAM-ID', () => {
+    const modules = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Module');
+    expect(modules).toContain('CUSTUPDT');
+    expect(modules).toContain('AUDITLOG');
+    expect(modules).toContain('RPTGEN');
+  });
+
+  it('detects Function nodes for paragraphs', () => {
+    const funcs = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Function');
+    // CUSTUPDT paragraphs
+    expect(funcs).toContain('MAIN-PARAGRAPH');
+    expect(funcs).toContain('INIT-PARAGRAPH');
+    expect(funcs).toContain('PROCESS-PARAGRAPH');
+    expect(funcs).toContain('READ-CUSTOMER');
+    expect(funcs).toContain('UPDATE-BALANCE');
+    expect(funcs).toContain('WRITE-CUSTOMER');
+    expect(funcs).toContain('CLEANUP-PARAGRAPH');
+    // AUDITLOG paragraphs
+    expect(funcs).toContain('WRITE-LOG');
+    // RPTGEN paragraphs
+    expect(funcs).toContain('FETCH-DATA');
+    expect(funcs).toContain('FORMAT-REPORT');
+    expect(funcs).toContain('SEND-SCREEN');
+  });
+
+  it('detects Property nodes for data items', () => {
+    const props = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Property');
+    // CUSTUPDT data items
+    expect(props).toContain('WS-FILE-STATUS');
+    expect(props).toContain('WS-CUSTOMER-NAME');
+    expect(props).toContain('WS-AMOUNT');
+    expect(props).toContain('CUST-ID');
+    expect(props).toContain('CUST-NAME');
+    expect(props).toContain('CUST-BALANCE');
+    // AUDITLOG data items
+    expect(props).toContain('WS-LOG-MESSAGE');
+    expect(props).toContain('WS-TIMESTAMP');
+    expect(props).toContain('LS-CUST-ID');
+    expect(props).toContain('LS-AMOUNT');
+    // RPTGEN data items (from COPY expansion)
+    expect(props).toContain('WS-REPORT-LINE');
+    expect(props).toContain('WS-SQL-CODE');
+  });
+
+  it('detects Record nodes for file declarations', () => {
+    const records = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Record');
+    expect(records).toContain('CUSTOMER-FILE');
+  });
+
+  it('detects CodeElement nodes for EXEC SQL blocks', () => {
+    const codeElements = getNodesByLabel(result, 'CodeElement');
+    const sqlElements = codeElements.filter(n => n.startsWith('EXEC SQL'));
+    expect(sqlElements.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(sqlElements.some(n => n.includes('SELECT'))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('detects CodeElement nodes for EXEC CICS blocks', () => {
+    const codeElements = getNodesByLabel(result, 'CodeElement');
+    const cicsElements = codeElements.filter(n => n.startsWith('EXEC CICS'));
+    expect(cicsElements.length).toBe(2);
+    expect(cicsElements.some(n => n.includes('SEND'))).toBe(true);
+    expect(cicsElements.some(n => n.includes('LINK'))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  // ── Intra-program relationships ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+  it('emits CALLS edges for PERFORM statements', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const performs = calls.filter(e => e.rel.reason === 'cobol-perform');
+    // CUSTUPDT: MAIN performs INIT, PROCESS, CLEANUP
+    expect(performs.some(e => e.target === 'INIT-PARAGRAPH')).toBe(true);
+    expect(performs.some(e => e.target === 'PROCESS-PARAGRAPH')).toBe(true);
+    expect(performs.some(e => e.target === 'CLEANUP-PARAGRAPH')).toBe(true);
+    // PROCESS performs READ-CUSTOMER, UPDATE-BALANCE, WRITE-CUSTOMER
+    expect(performs.some(e => e.target === 'READ-CUSTOMER')).toBe(true);
+    expect(performs.some(e => e.target === 'UPDATE-BALANCE')).toBe(true);
+    expect(performs.some(e => e.target === 'WRITE-CUSTOMER')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edges for PERFORM THRU ranges', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const thrus = calls.filter(e => e.rel.reason === 'cobol-perform-thru');
+    // RPTGEN: PERFORM MAIN-PARAGRAPH THRU FORMAT-REPORT
+    expect(thrus.some(e => e.target === 'FORMAT-REPORT')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CONTAINS edges for module->paragraph hierarchy', () => {
+    const contains = getRelationships(result, 'CONTAINS');
+    // CUSTUPDT module contains its paragraphs
+    const custContains = contains.filter(e =>
+      e.source === 'CUSTUPDT' && e.rel.reason === 'cobol-paragraph',
+    );
+    const custTargets = custContains.map(e => e.target);
+    expect(custTargets).toContain('MAIN-PARAGRAPH');
+    expect(custTargets).toContain('INIT-PARAGRAPH');
+    expect(custTargets).toContain('PROCESS-PARAGRAPH');
+  });
+
+  it('emits ACCESSES edges for MOVE statements (read/write)', () => {
+    const accesses = getRelationships(result, 'ACCESSES');
+    const moveReads = accesses.filter(e =>
+      e.rel.reason === 'cobol-move-read',
+    );
+    const moveWrites = accesses.filter(e =>
+      e.rel.reason === 'cobol-move-write',
+    );
+    expect(moveReads.length).toBe(3);
+    expect(moveWrites.length).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  // ── Cross-program relationships ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+  it('resolves CALL to known program as CALLS edge', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const cobolCalls = calls.filter(e => e.rel.reason === 'cobol-call');
+    expect(cobolCalls.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS with reason cobol-call for static CALL', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    // CUSTUPDT calls AUDITLOG
+    const custToAudit = calls.filter(e =>
+      e.source === 'CUSTUPDT' && e.target === 'AUDITLOG' && e.rel.reason === 'cobol-call',
+    );
+    expect(custToAudit.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS for EXEC CICS LINK with programName', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const cicsLinks = calls.filter(e => e.rel.reason === 'cics-link');
+    expect(cicsLinks.length).toBe(1);
+    // RPTGEN EXEC CICS LINK PROGRAM('AUDITLOG') — resolved in second pass
+    const link = cicsLinks.find(e => e.source === 'RPTGEN');
+    expect(link).toBeDefined();
+    expect(link!.target).toBe('AUDITLOG');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves CALL AUDITLOG from both CUSTUPDT and RPTGEN', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    // CUSTUPDT -> AUDITLOG via CALL (resolved in second pass)
+    const custToAudit = calls.filter(e =>
+      e.source === 'CUSTUPDT' && e.target === 'AUDITLOG',
+    );
+    expect(custToAudit.length).toBe(1);
+    // RPTGEN -> AUDITLOG via EXEC CICS LINK (resolved in second pass)
+    const rptToAudit = calls.filter(e =>
+      e.source === 'RPTGEN' && e.target === 'AUDITLOG',
+    );
+    expect(rptToAudit.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  // ── COPY/import resolution ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  it('emits IMPORTS edge for COPY statement', () => {
+    const imports = getRelationships(result, 'IMPORTS');
+    const cobolCopies = imports.filter(e => e.rel.reason === 'cobol-copy');
+    expect(cobolCopies.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('RPTGEN imports CUSTDAT copybook', () => {
+    const imports = getRelationships(result, 'IMPORTS');
+    const rptImports = imports.filter(e =>
+      e.sourceFilePath.includes('RPTGEN') && e.targetFilePath.includes('CUSTDAT'),
+    );
+    expect(rptImports.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(rptImports[0].rel.reason).toBe('cobol-copy');
+  });
+
+  // ── EXEC SQL ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  it('creates CodeElement for EXEC SQL SELECT', () => {
+    const codeElements = getNodesByLabel(result, 'CodeElement');
+    expect(codeElements).toContain('EXEC SQL SELECT');
+  });
+
+  it('creates ACCESSES edge to CUSTOMER table', () => {
+    const accesses = getRelationships(result, 'ACCESSES');
+    // The SQL ACCESSES edge targets a synthetic Record node (<db>:CUSTOMER)
+    // which is not added to the graph, so we verify by reason and source
+    const sqlAccesses = accesses.filter(e =>
+      e.rel.reason === 'sql-select' && e.source === 'EXEC SQL SELECT',
+    );
+    expect(sqlAccesses.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  // ── EXEC CICS ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  it('creates CodeElement for EXEC CICS SEND MAP', () => {
+    const codeElements = getNodesByLabel(result, 'CodeElement');
+    // Two-word CICS command: SEND MAP is recognized as a single command
+    expect(codeElements).toContain('EXEC CICS SEND MAP');
+  });
+
+  it('creates CodeElement for EXEC CICS LINK', () => {
+    const codeElements = getNodesByLabel(result, 'CodeElement');
+    expect(codeElements).toContain('EXEC CICS LINK');
+  });
+
+  // ── Data flow ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  it('tracks MOVE from WS-AMOUNT to CUST-BALANCE as ACCESSES', () => {
+    const accesses = getRelationships(result, 'ACCESSES');
+    const writeToBalance = accesses.filter(e =>
+      e.target === 'CUST-BALANCE' && e.rel.reason === 'cobol-move-write',
+    );
+    expect(writeToBalance.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('tracks MOVE from CUST-NAME to WS-CUSTOMER-NAME as ACCESSES', () => {
+    const accesses = getRelationships(result, 'ACCESSES');
+    const readFromName = accesses.filter(e =>
+      e.target === 'CUST-NAME' && e.rel.reason === 'cobol-move-read',
+    );
+    const writeToWsName = accesses.filter(e =>
+      e.target === 'WS-CUSTOMER-NAME' && e.rel.reason === 'cobol-move-write',
+    );
+    expect(readFromName.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(writeToWsName.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  // ── JCL integration ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  it('creates CodeElement for JCL job steps', () => {
+    const codeElements = getNodesByLabel(result, 'CodeElement');
+    // JCL job node
+    expect(codeElements).toContain('CUSTJOB');
+    // JCL step nodes
+    expect(codeElements).toContain('STEP1');
+    expect(codeElements).toContain('STEP2');
+  });
+
+  it('links JCL EXEC PGM=CUSTUPDT to COBOL Module', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const step1ToCust = calls.filter(e =>
+      e.source === 'STEP1' && e.target === 'CUSTUPDT' && e.rel.reason === 'jcl-exec-pgm',
+    );
+    expect(step1ToCust.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('links JCL EXEC PGM=RPTGEN to COBOL Module', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const step2ToRpt = calls.filter(e =>
+      e.source === 'STEP2' && e.target === 'RPTGEN' && e.rel.reason === 'jcl-exec-pgm',
+    );
+    expect(step2ToRpt.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('JCL step CALLS COBOL program', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const jclCalls = calls.filter(e => e.rel.reason === 'jcl-exec-pgm');
+    expect(jclCalls.length).toBe(2);
+    const targets = jclCalls.map(e => e.target).sort();
+    expect(targets).toEqual(['CUSTUPDT', 'RPTGEN']);
+  });
+});