diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/csharp.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/csharp.ts
index 4936abbf1..afe2431dd 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/csharp.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/csharp.ts
@@ -226,16 +226,30 @@ const extractForLoopBinding: ForLoopExtractor = (
  * No scopeEnv lookup is needed — the pattern explicitly declares the new variable's type.
  */
 const extractPatternBinding: PatternBindingExtractor = (node) => {
-  if (node.type !== 'is_pattern_expression') return undefined;
-  const pattern = node.childForFieldName('pattern');
-  if (pattern?.type !== 'declaration_pattern') return undefined;
-  const typeNode = pattern.childForFieldName('type');
-  const nameNode = pattern.childForFieldName('name');
-  if (!typeNode || !nameNode) return undefined;
-  const typeName = extractSimpleTypeName(typeNode);
-  const varName = extractVarName(nameNode);
-  if (!typeName || !varName) return undefined;
-  return { varName, typeName };
+  // is_pattern_expression: `obj is User user` — has a declaration_pattern child
+  if (node.type === 'is_pattern_expression') {
+    const pattern = node.childForFieldName('pattern');
+    if (pattern?.type !== 'declaration_pattern') return undefined;
+    const typeNode = pattern.childForFieldName('type');
+    const nameNode = pattern.childForFieldName('name');
+    if (!typeNode || !nameNode) return undefined;
+    const typeName = extractSimpleTypeName(typeNode);
+    const varName = extractVarName(nameNode);
+    if (!typeName || !varName) return undefined;
+    return { varName, typeName };
+  }
+  // declaration_pattern: standalone in switch statements and switch expressions
+  // `case User u:` or `User u =>` — the declaration_pattern is a direct child
+  if (node.type === 'declaration_pattern') {
+    const typeNode = node.childForFieldName('type');
+    const nameNode = node.childForFieldName('name');
+    if (!typeNode || !nameNode) return undefined;
+    const typeName = extractSimpleTypeName(typeNode);
+    const varName = extractVarName(nameNode);
+    if (!typeName || !varName) return undefined;
+    return { varName, typeName };
+  }
+  return undefined;
 };
 
 /** C#: var alias = u → variable_declarator with name + equals_value_clause.
@@ -266,7 +280,7 @@ const extractPendingAssignment: PendingAssignmentExtractor = (node, scopeEnv) =>
 export const typeConfig: LanguageTypeConfig = {
   declarationNodeTypes: DECLARATION_NODE_TYPES,
   forLoopNodeTypes: FOR_LOOP_NODE_TYPES,
-  patternBindingNodeTypes: new Set(['is_pattern_expression']),
+  patternBindingNodeTypes: new Set(['is_pattern_expression', 'declaration_pattern']),
   extractDeclaration,
   extractParameter,
   scanConstructorBinding,
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/jvm.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/jvm.ts
index 646d1a228..9ee3aa19d 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/jvm.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/jvm.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { SyntaxNode } from '../utils.js';
 import type { LanguageTypeConfig, ParameterExtractor, TypeBindingExtractor, InitializerExtractor, ClassNameLookup, ConstructorBindingScanner, ForLoopExtractor, PendingAssignmentExtractor, PatternBindingExtractor } from './types.js';
-import { extractSimpleTypeName, extractVarName, findChildByType } from './shared.js';
+import { extractSimpleTypeName, extractVarName, findChildByType, extractGenericTypeArgs, resolveIterableElementType } from './shared.js';
 
 // ── Java ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -89,19 +89,74 @@ const JAVA_FOR_LOOP_NODE_TYPES: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
   'enhanced_for_statement',
 ]);
 
-/** Java: for (User user : users) — extract loop variable binding */
+/** Extract element type from a Java type annotation AST node.
+ *  Handles generic_type (List<User>), array_type (User[]). */
+const extractJavaElementTypeFromTypeNode = (typeNode: SyntaxNode): string | undefined => {
+  if (typeNode.type === 'generic_type') {
+    const args = extractGenericTypeArgs(typeNode);
+    if (args.length >= 1) return args[0];
+  }
+  if (typeNode.type === 'array_type') {
+    const elemNode = typeNode.firstNamedChild;
+    if (elemNode) return extractSimpleTypeName(elemNode);
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+/** Walk up from a for-each to the enclosing method_declaration and search parameters. */
+const findJavaParamElementType = (iterableName: string, startNode: SyntaxNode): string | undefined => {
+  let current: SyntaxNode | null = startNode.parent;
+  while (current) {
+    if (current.type === 'method_declaration' || current.type === 'constructor_declaration') {
+      const paramsNode = current.childForFieldName('parameters');
+      if (paramsNode) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < paramsNode.namedChildCount; i++) {
+          const param = paramsNode.namedChild(i);
+          if (!param || param.type !== 'formal_parameter') continue;
+          const nameNode = param.childForFieldName('name');
+          if (nameNode?.text !== iterableName) continue;
+          const typeNode = param.childForFieldName('type');
+          if (typeNode) return extractJavaElementTypeFromTypeNode(typeNode);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    current = current.parent;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+/** Java: for (User user : users) — extract loop variable binding.
+ *  Tier 1c: for `for (var user : users)`, resolves element type from iterable. */
 const extractJavaForLoopBinding: ForLoopExtractor = (
   node: SyntaxNode,
   scopeEnv: Map<string, string>,
-  _declarationTypeNodes: ReadonlyMap<string, SyntaxNode>,
-  _scope: string,
+  declarationTypeNodes: ReadonlyMap<string, SyntaxNode>,
+  scope: string,
 ): void => {
   const typeNode = node.childForFieldName('type');
   const nameNode = node.childForFieldName('name');
   if (!typeNode || !nameNode) return;
-  const typeName = extractSimpleTypeName(typeNode);
   const varName = extractVarName(nameNode);
-  if (typeName && varName) scopeEnv.set(varName, typeName);
+  if (!varName) return;
+
+  // Explicit type (existing behavior): for (User user : users)
+  const typeName = extractSimpleTypeName(typeNode);
+  if (typeName && typeName !== 'var') {
+    scopeEnv.set(varName, typeName);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Tier 1c: var — resolve from iterable's container type
+  const iterableNode = node.childForFieldName('value');
+  if (!iterableNode || iterableNode.type !== 'identifier') return;
+  const iterableName = iterableNode.text;
+
+  const elementType = resolveIterableElementType(
+    iterableName, node, scopeEnv, declarationTypeNodes, scope,
+    extractJavaElementTypeFromTypeNode, findJavaParamElementType,
+  );
+  if (elementType) scopeEnv.set(varName, elementType);
 };
 
 /** Java: var alias = u → local_variable_declaration > variable_declarator with name/value */
@@ -285,24 +340,92 @@ const KOTLIN_FOR_LOOP_NODE_TYPES: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
   'for_statement',
 ]);
 
-/** Kotlin: for (user: User in users) — extract loop variable binding when explicit type annotation exists */
+/** Extract element type from a Kotlin type annotation AST node (user_type wrapping generic).
+ *  Kotlin: user_type → [type_identifier, type_arguments → [type_projection → user_type]]
+ *  Handles the type_projection wrapper that Kotlin uses for generic type arguments. */
+const extractKotlinElementTypeFromTypeNode = (typeNode: SyntaxNode): string | undefined => {
+  if (typeNode.type === 'user_type') {
+    const argsNode = findChildByType(typeNode, 'type_arguments');
+    if (argsNode && argsNode.namedChildCount >= 1) {
+      const firstArg = argsNode.namedChild(0);
+      if (!firstArg) return undefined;
+      // Kotlin wraps type args in type_projection — unwrap to get the inner type
+      const inner = firstArg.type === 'type_projection'
+        ? firstArg.firstNamedChild
+        : firstArg;
+      if (inner) return extractSimpleTypeName(inner);
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+/** Walk up from a for-loop to the enclosing function_declaration and search parameters.
+ *  Kotlin parameters use positional children (simple_identifier, user_type), not named fields. */
+const findKotlinParamElementType = (iterableName: string, startNode: SyntaxNode): string | undefined => {
+  let current: SyntaxNode | null = startNode.parent;
+  while (current) {
+    if (current.type === 'function_declaration') {
+      const paramsNode = findChildByType(current, 'function_value_parameters');
+      if (paramsNode) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < paramsNode.namedChildCount; i++) {
+          const param = paramsNode.namedChild(i);
+          if (!param || param.type !== 'parameter') continue;
+          const nameNode = findChildByType(param, 'simple_identifier');
+          if (nameNode?.text !== iterableName) continue;
+          const typeNode = findChildByType(param, 'user_type');
+          if (typeNode) return extractKotlinElementTypeFromTypeNode(typeNode);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    current = current.parent;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+/** Kotlin: for (user: User in users) — extract loop variable binding.
+ *  Tier 1c: for `for (user in users)` without annotation, resolves from iterable. */
 const extractKotlinForLoopBinding: ForLoopExtractor = (
   node: SyntaxNode,
   scopeEnv: Map<string, string>,
-  _declarationTypeNodes: ReadonlyMap<string, SyntaxNode>,
-  _scope: string,
+  declarationTypeNodes: ReadonlyMap<string, SyntaxNode>,
+  scope: string,
 ): void => {
-  // Kotlin loop variable: variable_declaration child with optional user_type annotation
   const varDecl = findChildByType(node, 'variable_declaration');
   if (!varDecl) return;
-  // Only extract when there is an explicit type annotation (user_type node)
-  const typeNode = findChildByType(varDecl, 'user_type');
-  if (!typeNode) return;
   const nameNode = findChildByType(varDecl, 'simple_identifier');
   if (!nameNode) return;
-  const typeName = extractSimpleTypeName(typeNode);
   const varName = extractVarName(nameNode);
-  if (typeName && varName) scopeEnv.set(varName, typeName);
+  if (!varName) return;
+
+  // Explicit type annotation (existing behavior): for (user: User in users)
+  const typeNode = findChildByType(varDecl, 'user_type');
+  if (typeNode) {
+    const typeName = extractSimpleTypeName(typeNode);
+    if (typeName) scopeEnv.set(varName, typeName);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Tier 1c: no annotation — resolve from iterable's container type
+  // Kotlin for-loop children: [variable_declaration, simple_identifier(iterable), control_structure_body]
+  // The iterable is the second named child of the for_statement (after variable_declaration)
+  let iterableName: string | undefined;
+  let foundVarDecl = false;
+  for (let i = 0; i < node.namedChildCount; i++) {
+    const child = node.namedChild(i);
+    if (child === varDecl) { foundVarDecl = true; continue; }
+    if (foundVarDecl && child?.type === 'simple_identifier') {
+      iterableName = child.text;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!iterableName) return;
+
+  const elementType = resolveIterableElementType(
+    iterableName, node, scopeEnv, declarationTypeNodes, scope,
+    extractKotlinElementTypeFromTypeNode, findKotlinParamElementType,
+  );
+  if (elementType) scopeEnv.set(varName, elementType);
 };
 
 /** Kotlin: val alias = u → property_declaration or variable_declaration.
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/python.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/python.ts
index e0e0c535b..f971f48cc 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/python.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/python.ts
@@ -283,14 +283,13 @@ const extractPendingAssignment: PendingAssignmentExtractor = (node, scopeEnv) =>
 const extractPatternBinding: PatternBindingExtractor = (node, scopeEnv) => {
   if (node.type !== 'as_pattern') return undefined;
 
-  // as_pattern children (positional, no named fields in this tree-sitter version):
-  //   child 0: case_pattern (wrapping class_pattern) or class_pattern directly
-  //   child 1: identifier (the bound variable name, e.g. "u")
-  // Note: `alias` field returns null at runtime despite node-types.json listing it.
+  // as_pattern: `case User() as u:` — binds matched value to a name.
+  // Try named field first (future grammar versions may expose it), fall back to positional.
   if (node.namedChildCount < 2) return undefined;
 
   const patternChild = node.namedChild(0);
-  const varNameNode = node.namedChild(node.namedChildCount - 1);
+  const varNameNode = node.childForFieldName('alias')
+    ?? node.namedChild(node.namedChildCount - 1);
   if (!patternChild || !varNameNode) return undefined;
   if (varNameNode.type !== 'identifier') return undefined;
 
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/rust.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/rust.ts
index 40768668c..71f869342 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/rust.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/rust.ts
@@ -215,10 +215,21 @@ const extractPatternBinding: PatternBindingExtractor = (
   declarationTypeNodes,
   scope,
 ) => {
-  if (node.type !== 'let_condition') return undefined;
+  let patternNode: SyntaxNode | null = null;
+  let valueNode: SyntaxNode | null = null;
 
-  const patternNode = node.childForFieldName('pattern');
-  const valueNode = node.childForFieldName('value');
+  if (node.type === 'let_condition') {
+    patternNode = node.childForFieldName('pattern');
+    valueNode = node.childForFieldName('value');
+  } else if (node.type === 'match_arm') {
+    // match_arm → pattern is in the 'pattern' field
+    // source variable is in the parent match_expression's 'value' field
+    patternNode = node.childForFieldName('pattern');
+    const matchExpr = node.parent?.parent; // match_arm → match_block → match_expression
+    if (matchExpr?.type === 'match_expression') {
+      valueNode = matchExpr.childForFieldName('value');
+    }
+  }
   if (!patternNode || !valueNode) return undefined;
 
   // Only handle tuple_struct_pattern: Some(x) or Ok(x)
@@ -370,7 +381,7 @@ const extractForLoopBinding: ForLoopExtractor = (
 export const typeConfig: LanguageTypeConfig = {
   declarationNodeTypes: DECLARATION_NODE_TYPES,
   forLoopNodeTypes: FOR_LOOP_NODE_TYPES,
-  patternBindingNodeTypes: new Set(['let_condition']),
+  patternBindingNodeTypes: new Set(['let_condition', 'match_arm']),
   extractDeclaration,
   extractInitializer,
   extractParameter,
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/typescript.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/typescript.ts
index 8ec93a894..b3e7706e4 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/typescript.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/typescript.ts
@@ -214,6 +214,12 @@ const extractTsElementTypeFromAnnotation = (typeAnnotation: SyntaxNode): string
     ? (typeAnnotation.firstNamedChild ?? typeAnnotation)
     : typeAnnotation;
 
+  // readonly User[] — readonly_type wraps array_type: unwrap and recurse
+  if (inner.type === 'readonly_type') {
+    const wrapped = inner.firstNamedChild;
+    if (wrapped) return extractTsElementTypeFromAnnotation(wrapped);
+  }
+
   // User[] — array_type: first named child is the element type
   if (inner.type === 'array_type') {
     const elem = inner.firstNamedChild;
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts
index 1a2269996..7e1056e41 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/type-env.test.ts
@@ -2613,6 +2613,18 @@ def process():
       // for array_type), but the for-loop extractor uses AST walking to resolve the element type.
       expect(flatGet(env, 'user')).toBe('User');
     });
+
+    it('infers loop variable from readonly User[] parameter', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+        function process(users: readonly User[]) {
+          for (const user of users) {
+            user.save();
+          }
+        }
+      `, TypeScript.typescript);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'typescript');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'user')).toBe('User');
+    });
   });
 
   describe('for-loop element type inference (Tier 1c) — Python', () => {
@@ -2845,4 +2857,74 @@ class Foo {
       expect(flatGet(env, 'user')).toBeUndefined();
     });
   });
+
+  describe('for-loop element type inference (Tier 1c) — Kotlin', () => {
+    it('infers loop variable from unannotated for with List<User> parameter', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+fun process(users: List<User>) {
+    for (user in users) {
+        user.save()
+    }
+}
+      `, Kotlin);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'kotlin');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'user')).toBe('User');
+    });
+
+    it('still resolves explicit type annotation (regression)', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+fun process(users: List<User>) {
+    for (user: User in users) {
+        user.save()
+    }
+}
+      `, Kotlin);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'kotlin');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'user')).toBe('User');
+    });
+
+    it('does not infer type when iterable has no annotation', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+fun process() {
+    val users = getUsers()
+    for (user in users) {
+        user.save()
+    }
+}
+      `, Kotlin);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'kotlin');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'user')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('for-loop element type inference (Tier 1c) — Java', () => {
+    it('still resolves explicit type enhanced-for (regression)', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+class Foo {
+  void process(List<User> users) {
+    for (User user : users) {
+      user.save();
+    }
+  }
+}
+      `, Java);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'java');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'user')).toBe('User');
+    });
+
+    it('does not infer type when iterable has no annotation', () => {
+      const tree = parse(`
+class Foo {
+  void process() {
+    var users = getUsers();
+    for (var user : users) {
+      user.save();
+    }
+  }
+}
+      `, Java);
+      const { env } = buildTypeEnv(tree, 'java');
+      expect(flatGet(env, 'user')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
 });