diff --git a/ARCHITECTURE.md b/ARCHITECTURE.md
index 346667c50..990ce19c9 100644
--- a/ARCHITECTURE.md
+++ b/ARCHITECTURE.md
@@ -58,8 +58,40 @@ This repository is a **monorepo** with two main products: the **CLI / MCP packag
 | Web UI behavior | `gitnexus-web/src/` (components, workers, graph client). |
 | CI | `.github/workflows/*.yml`, `.github/actions/setup-gitnexus/`. |
 
+## Known limitations
+
+### Overloaded method resolution
+
+Method and Constructor node IDs include an arity suffix (`#<paramCount>`) to
+disambiguate overloaded methods. Two overloads with different parameter counts
+produce distinct graph nodes: `Method:file:Class.method#1` vs
+`Method:file:Class.method#2`.
+
+**Remaining limitation — same-arity overloads:** When two overloads share the
+same parameter count but differ only in types (e.g. `save(int)` vs
+`save(String)`), they still share a node ID. This is rare in practice; a future
+enhancement may add type-hash disambiguation for languages with reliable type
+extraction (see issue #574).
+
+**Variadic method matching:** When one side is variadic (`parameterCount`
+undefined) and the other has a fixed count, `METHOD_IMPLEMENTS` edges are
+emitted with confidence 0.7 instead of 1.0. Variadic methods like
+`foo(String... args)` may superficially match `foo(String s)` by type but
+are not guaranteed to be interchangeable across all languages (Java/Kotlin
+accept this via varargs sugar; TypeScript, C#, Rust do not).
+
+**Confidence tiering** for `METHOD_IMPLEMENTS` edges:
+
+| Match quality | Confidence | When |
+|---|---|---|
+| Exact parameter types match | 1.0 | Both sides have `parameterTypes` arrays and they match |
+| Arity (count) matches | 1.0 | Both sides have `parameterCount`, types unavailable |
+| Variadic vs fixed | 0.7 | One side is variadic, other has fixed count |
+| Lenient (insufficient info) | 0.7 | One or both sides lack type and count data |
+
 ## Related docs
 
+- [MIGRATION.md](MIGRATION.md) — breaking changes and migration guidance.
 - [RUNBOOK.md](RUNBOOK.md) — operational commands and recovery.  
 - [GUARDRAILS.md](GUARDRAILS.md) — safety boundaries for humans and agents.  
 - [TESTING.md](TESTING.md) — how to run tests.  
diff --git a/MIGRATION.md b/MIGRATION.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec9fdabc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MIGRATION.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Migration Guide
+
+## OVERRIDES → METHOD_OVERRIDES (PR #642)
+
+The `OVERRIDES` relationship type has been renamed to `METHOD_OVERRIDES` for
+consistency with the new `METHOD_IMPLEMENTS` edge type.
+
+### Do I need to migrate?
+
+**No.** Backward compatibility is handled automatically at runtime:
+
+- `local-backend.ts` dual-reads both `OVERRIDES` and `METHOD_OVERRIDES` in all
+  impact-analysis and context queries. Existing stored graphs with `OVERRIDES`
+  edges continue to return correct results without any manual intervention.
+- The `REL_TYPES` array in `schema-constants.ts` includes both names so Cypher
+  queries that reference either will work.
+
+### What happens on re-index?
+
+Running `npx gitnexus analyze` on a repository produces `METHOD_OVERRIDES`
+edges going forward. The old `OVERRIDES` edges are replaced as part of the
+normal full re-index.
+
+### When will the legacy alias be removed?
+
+The `OVERRIDES` compat alias will remain until a future major version. Removal
+will be announced in this file and in the changelog before it happens.
diff --git a/gitnexus-shared/src/graph/types.ts b/gitnexus-shared/src/graph/types.ts
index ff660e814..49762d145 100644
--- a/gitnexus-shared/src/graph/types.ts
+++ b/gitnexus-shared/src/graph/types.ts
@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ export type RelationshipType =
   | 'CONTAINS'
   | 'CALLS'
   | 'INHERITS'
-  | 'OVERRIDES'
+  | 'METHOD_OVERRIDES'
+  | 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS'
   | 'IMPORTS'
   | 'USES'
   | 'DEFINES'
diff --git a/gitnexus-shared/src/lbug/schema-constants.ts b/gitnexus-shared/src/lbug/schema-constants.ts
index e30948492..0eca57286 100644
--- a/gitnexus-shared/src/lbug/schema-constants.ts
+++ b/gitnexus-shared/src/lbug/schema-constants.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ export const REL_TYPES = [
   'HAS_METHOD',
   'HAS_PROPERTY',
   'ACCESSES',
-  'OVERRIDES',
+  'METHOD_OVERRIDES',
+  'OVERRIDES', // Legacy compat alias — kept until all stored indexes are migrated
+  'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS',
   'MEMBER_OF',
   'STEP_IN_PROCESS',
   'HANDLES_ROUTE',
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
index aa1994bf4..ffa607ed8 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/call-processor.ts
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ import { isVerboseIngestionEnabled } from './utils/verbose.js';
 import { yieldToEventLoop } from './utils/event-loop.js';
 import {
   FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES,
-  extractFunctionName,
   findEnclosingClassId,
   findEnclosingClassInfo,
+  genericFuncName,
+  inferFunctionLabel,
 } from './utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import {
   countCallArguments,
@@ -234,7 +235,9 @@ const findEnclosingFunction = (
 
   while (current) {
     if (FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.has(current.type)) {
-      const { funcName, label } = extractFunctionName(current);
+      const efnResult = provider.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName?.(current);
+      const funcName = efnResult?.funcName ?? genericFuncName(current);
+      const label = efnResult?.label ?? inferFunctionLabel(current.type);
 
       if (funcName) {
         const resolved = ctx.resolve(funcName, filePath);
@@ -264,7 +267,20 @@ const findEnclosingFunction = (
         }
         const classInfo = findEnclosingClassInfo(current, filePath);
         const qualifiedName = classInfo ? `${classInfo.className}.${funcName}` : funcName;
-        return generateId(finalLabel, `${filePath}:${qualifiedName}`);
+        // Include #<arity> suffix to match definition-phase Method/Constructor IDs.
+        // Use provider.methodExtractor.extractFromNode — same extractor as definition phase.
+        let arity: number | undefined;
+        if (finalLabel === 'Method' || finalLabel === 'Constructor') {
+          const language = getLanguageFromFilename(filePath);
+          const info = language
+            ? provider.methodExtractor?.extractFromNode?.(current, { filePath, language })
+            : undefined;
+          if (info) {
+            arity = info.parameters.some((p) => p.isVariadic) ? undefined : info.parameters.length;
+          }
+        }
+        const arityTag = arity !== undefined ? `#${arity}` : '';
+        return generateId(finalLabel, `${filePath}:${qualifiedName}${arityTag}`);
       }
     }
 
@@ -299,7 +315,20 @@ const findEnclosingFunction = (
         const qualifiedName = classInfo
           ? `${classInfo.className}.${customResult.funcName}`
           : customResult.funcName;
-        return generateId(finalLabel, `${filePath}:${qualifiedName}`);
+        // Include #<arity> suffix to match definition-phase Method/Constructor IDs.
+        const sigNode = current.previousSibling ?? current;
+        let arity2: number | undefined;
+        if (finalLabel === 'Method' || finalLabel === 'Constructor') {
+          const language = getLanguageFromFilename(filePath);
+          const info = language
+            ? provider.methodExtractor?.extractFromNode?.(sigNode, { filePath, language })
+            : undefined;
+          if (info) {
+            arity2 = info.parameters.some((p) => p.isVariadic) ? undefined : info.parameters.length;
+          }
+        }
+        const arityTag2 = arity2 !== undefined ? `#${arity2}` : '';
+        return generateId(finalLabel, `${filePath}:${qualifiedName}${arityTag2}`);
       }
     }
 
@@ -600,6 +629,7 @@ export const processCalls = async (
       importedReturnTypes,
       importedRawReturnTypes,
       enclosingFunctionFinder: provider?.enclosingFunctionFinder,
+      extractFunctionName: provider?.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName,
     });
     if (typeEnv && exportedTypeMap) {
       const fileExports = collectExportedBindings(typeEnv, file.path, ctx.symbols, graph);
@@ -840,7 +870,8 @@ export const processCalls = async (
         let p = callNode.parent;
         while (p) {
           if (FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.has(p.type)) {
-            const { funcName } = extractFunctionName(p);
+            const funcName =
+              provider.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName?.(p)?.funcName ?? genericFuncName(p);
             if (funcName) {
               scope = `${funcName}@${p.startIndex}`;
               break;
@@ -1384,12 +1415,16 @@ const extractFuncNameFromScope = (scope: string): string => scope.slice(0, scope
 
 /** Extract the bare function name from a sourceId.
  *  Handles both unqualified ("Function:filepath:funcName" → "funcName")
- *  and qualified ("Function:filepath:ClassName.funcName" → "funcName"). */
+ *  and qualified ("Function:filepath:ClassName.funcName" → "funcName").
+ *  Strips any trailing #<arity> suffix from Method/Constructor IDs. */
 const extractFuncNameFromSourceId = (sourceId: string): string => {
   const lastColon = sourceId.lastIndexOf(':');
   const segment = lastColon >= 0 ? sourceId.slice(lastColon + 1) : '';
   const dotIdx = segment.lastIndexOf('.');
-  return dotIdx >= 0 ? segment.slice(dotIdx + 1) : segment;
+  const raw = dotIdx >= 0 ? segment.slice(dotIdx + 1) : segment;
+  // Strip #<arity> suffix (e.g. "save#2" → "save")
+  const hashIdx = raw.indexOf('#');
+  return hashIdx >= 0 ? raw.slice(0, hashIdx) : raw;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/c-cpp.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/c-cpp.ts
index 87bd3a7bf..8edd1c2b8 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/c-cpp.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/c-cpp.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,19 @@ import { cCppExportChecker } from '../export-detection.js';
 import { resolveCImport, resolveCppImport } from '../import-resolvers/standard.js';
 import { C_QUERIES, CPP_QUERIES } from '../tree-sitter-queries.js';
 
-import { isCppInsideClassOrStruct } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+/**
+ * Node types for standard function declarations that need C/C++ declarator handling.
+ * Used by cCppExtractFunctionName to determine how to extract the function name.
+ */
+const FUNCTION_DECLARATION_TYPES = new Set([
+  'function_declaration',
+  'function_definition',
+  'async_function_declaration',
+  'generator_function_declaration',
+  'function_item',
+]);
+import type { SyntaxNode } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import type { NodeLabel } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import type { LanguageProvider } from '../language-provider.js';
 import { createFieldExtractor } from '../field-extractors/generic.js';
 import {
@@ -132,6 +144,154 @@ const C_BUILT_INS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
   'put',
 ]);
 
+/**
+ * C/C++ function name extraction — unwraps pointer_declarator / reference_declarator /
+ * function_declarator / qualified_identifier chains to find the actual function name.
+ * Handles field_identifier (method inside class body) and parenthesized_declarator.
+ */
+const cCppExtractFunctionName = (
+  node: SyntaxNode,
+): { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } | null => {
+  if (!FUNCTION_DECLARATION_TYPES.has(node.type)) return null;
+
+  let funcName: string | null = null;
+  let label: NodeLabel = 'Function';
+
+  // C/C++: function_definition -> [pointer_declarator ->] function_declarator -> qualified_identifier/identifier
+  // Unwrap pointer_declarator / reference_declarator wrappers to reach function_declarator
+  let declarator = node.childForFieldName?.('declarator');
+  if (!declarator) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
+      const c = node.child(i);
+      if (c?.type === 'function_declarator') {
+        declarator = c;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  while (
+    declarator &&
+    (declarator.type === 'pointer_declarator' || declarator.type === 'reference_declarator')
+  ) {
+    let nextDeclarator = declarator.childForFieldName?.('declarator');
+    if (!nextDeclarator) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < declarator.childCount; i++) {
+        const c = declarator.child(i);
+        if (
+          c?.type === 'function_declarator' ||
+          c?.type === 'pointer_declarator' ||
+          c?.type === 'reference_declarator'
+        ) {
+          nextDeclarator = c;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    declarator = nextDeclarator;
+  }
+  if (declarator) {
+    let innerDeclarator = declarator.childForFieldName?.('declarator');
+    if (!innerDeclarator) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < declarator.childCount; i++) {
+        const c = declarator.child(i);
+        if (
+          c?.type === 'qualified_identifier' ||
+          c?.type === 'identifier' ||
+          c?.type === 'field_identifier' ||
+          c?.type === 'parenthesized_declarator'
+        ) {
+          innerDeclarator = c;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (innerDeclarator?.type === 'qualified_identifier') {
+      let nameNode = innerDeclarator.childForFieldName?.('name');
+      if (!nameNode) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < innerDeclarator.childCount; i++) {
+          const c = innerDeclarator.child(i);
+          if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
+            nameNode = c;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (nameNode?.text) {
+        funcName = nameNode.text;
+        label = 'Method';
+      }
+    } else if (
+      innerDeclarator?.type === 'identifier' ||
+      innerDeclarator?.type === 'field_identifier'
+    ) {
+      // field_identifier is used for method names inside C++ class bodies
+      funcName = innerDeclarator.text;
+      if (innerDeclarator.type === 'field_identifier') label = 'Method';
+    } else if (innerDeclarator?.type === 'parenthesized_declarator') {
+      let nestedId: SyntaxNode | null = null;
+      for (let i = 0; i < innerDeclarator.childCount; i++) {
+        const c = innerDeclarator.child(i);
+        if (c?.type === 'qualified_identifier' || c?.type === 'identifier') {
+          nestedId = c;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (nestedId?.type === 'qualified_identifier') {
+        let nameNode = nestedId.childForFieldName?.('name');
+        if (!nameNode) {
+          for (let i = 0; i < nestedId.childCount; i++) {
+            const c = nestedId.child(i);
+            if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
+              nameNode = c;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (nameNode?.text) {
+          funcName = nameNode.text;
+          label = 'Method';
+        }
+      } else if (nestedId?.type === 'identifier') {
+        funcName = nestedId.text;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Fallback for other node types in FUNCTION_DECLARATION_TYPES (e.g. function_item for Rust in C++ tree)
+  if (!funcName) {
+    let nameNode = node.childForFieldName?.('name');
+    if (!nameNode) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
+        const c = node.child(i);
+        if (
+          c?.type === 'identifier' ||
+          c?.type === 'property_identifier' ||
+          c?.type === 'simple_identifier'
+        ) {
+          nameNode = c;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    funcName = nameNode?.text ?? null;
+  }
+
+  return { funcName, label };
+};
+
+/** Check if a C/C++ function_definition is inside a class or struct body.
+ *  Used by cppLabelOverride to skip duplicate function captures
+ *  that are already covered by definition.method queries. */
+function isCppInsideClassOrStruct(functionNode: SyntaxNode): boolean {
+  let ancestor: SyntaxNode | null = functionNode?.parent ?? null;
+  while (ancestor) {
+    if (ancestor.type === 'class_specifier' || ancestor.type === 'struct_specifier') return true;
+    ancestor = ancestor.parent;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 /** Label override shared by C and C++: skip function_definition captures inside class/struct
  *  bodies (they're duplicates of definition.method captures). */
 const cppLabelOverride: NonNullable<LanguageProvider['labelOverride']> = (
@@ -151,7 +311,10 @@ export const cProvider = defineLanguage({
   importResolver: resolveCImport,
   importSemantics: 'wildcard',
   fieldExtractor: createFieldExtractor(cFieldConfig),
-  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor(cMethodConfig),
+  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor({
+    ...cMethodConfig,
+    extractFunctionName: cCppExtractFunctionName,
+  }),
   labelOverride: cppLabelOverride,
   builtInNames: C_BUILT_INS,
 });
@@ -166,7 +329,10 @@ export const cppProvider = defineLanguage({
   importSemantics: 'wildcard',
   mroStrategy: 'leftmost-base',
   fieldExtractor: createFieldExtractor(cppFieldConfig),
-  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor(cppMethodConfig),
+  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor({
+    ...cppMethodConfig,
+    extractFunctionName: cCppExtractFunctionName,
+  }),
   labelOverride: cppLabelOverride,
   builtInNames: C_BUILT_INS,
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/dart.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/dart.ts
index 808f4f157..cdd53c8d8 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/dart.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/dart.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 import type { SyntaxNode } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import type { NodeLabel } from 'gitnexus-shared';
-import { FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES, extractFunctionName } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import { FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import { defineLanguage } from '../language-provider.js';
 import { typeConfig as dartConfig } from '../type-extractors/dart.js';
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ import { dartMethodConfig } from '../method-extractors/configs/dart.js';
  * function_body are siblings under program or class_body, unlike most languages
  * where the function declaration wraps both.
  *
- * Delegates name extraction to the shared `extractFunctionName` which already
- * handles Dart's function_signature and method_signature node types.
+ * Extracts the function name inline — Dart uses function_signature and
+ * method_signature (which wraps function_signature) as its FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.
  */
 const dartEnclosingFunctionFinder = (
   node: SyntaxNode,
@@ -39,7 +39,21 @@ const dartEnclosingFunctionFinder = (
   if (node.type !== 'function_body') return null;
   const prev = node.previousSibling;
   if (!prev || !FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.has(prev.type)) return null;
-  const { funcName, label } = extractFunctionName(prev);
+
+  // method_signature wraps function_signature — unwrap to reach the name
+  let target = prev;
+  let label: NodeLabel = 'Function';
+  if (prev.type === 'method_signature') {
+    label = 'Method';
+    for (let i = 0; i < prev.childCount; i++) {
+      const c = prev.child(i);
+      if (c?.type === 'function_signature') {
+        target = c;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  const funcName = target.childForFieldName?.('name')?.text ?? null;
   return funcName ? { funcName, label } : null;
 };
 
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/kotlin.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/kotlin.ts
index 6e93912f0..639713c1a 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/kotlin.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/kotlin.ts
@@ -15,12 +15,26 @@ import { resolveKotlinImport } from '../import-resolvers/jvm.js';
 import { extractKotlinNamedBindings } from '../named-bindings/kotlin.js';
 import { appendKotlinWildcard } from '../import-resolvers/jvm.js';
 import { KOTLIN_QUERIES } from '../tree-sitter-queries.js';
-import { isKotlinClassMethod } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import type { SyntaxNode } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import { createFieldExtractor } from '../field-extractors/generic.js';
 import { kotlinConfig } from '../field-extractors/configs/jvm.js';
 import { createMethodExtractor } from '../method-extractors/generic.js';
 import { kotlinMethodConfig } from '../method-extractors/configs/jvm.js';
 
+/** Check if a Kotlin function_declaration capture is inside a class_body (i.e., a method).
+ *  Kotlin grammar uses function_declaration for both top-level functions and class methods.
+ *  Returns true when the captured definition node has a class_body ancestor. */
+function isKotlinClassMethod(
+  captureNode: { parent?: SyntaxNode | null } | null | undefined,
+): boolean {
+  let ancestor = captureNode?.parent;
+  while (ancestor) {
+    if (ancestor.type === 'class_body') return true;
+    ancestor = ancestor.parent;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 const BUILT_INS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
   'println',
   'print',
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/ruby.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/ruby.ts
index cff82fc1d..8b488fafb 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/ruby.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/ruby.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
  */
 
 import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import type { NodeLabel } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import { defineLanguage } from '../language-provider.js';
+import type { SyntaxNode } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import { typeConfig as rubyConfig } from '../type-extractors/ruby.js';
 import { routeRubyCall } from '../call-routing.js';
 import { rubyExportChecker } from '../export-detection.js';
@@ -19,6 +21,25 @@ import { rubyConfig as rubyFieldConfig } from '../field-extractors/configs/ruby.
 import { createMethodExtractor } from '../method-extractors/generic.js';
 import { rubyMethodConfig } from '../method-extractors/configs/ruby.js';
 
+/** Ruby method/singleton_method: extract name from 'name' field, label as Method. */
+const rubyExtractFunctionName = (
+  node: SyntaxNode,
+): { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } | null => {
+  if (node.type !== 'method' && node.type !== 'singleton_method') return null;
+
+  let nameNode = node.childForFieldName?.('name');
+  if (!nameNode) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
+      const c = node.child(i);
+      if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
+        nameNode = c;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return { funcName: nameNode?.text ?? null, label: 'Method' };
+};
+
 const BUILT_INS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
   'puts',
   'p',
@@ -87,6 +108,9 @@ export const rubyProvider = defineLanguage({
   callRouter: routeRubyCall,
   importSemantics: 'wildcard',
   fieldExtractor: createFieldExtractor(rubyFieldConfig),
-  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor(rubyMethodConfig),
+  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor({
+    ...rubyMethodConfig,
+    extractFunctionName: rubyExtractFunctionName,
+  }),
   builtInNames: BUILT_INS,
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/rust.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/rust.ts
index 8dc4ea30b..db8e2ad5b 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/rust.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/rust.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
  */
 
 import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import type { NodeLabel } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import { defineLanguage } from '../language-provider.js';
+import type { SyntaxNode } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import { typeConfig as rustConfig } from '../type-extractors/rust.js';
 import { rustExportChecker } from '../export-detection.js';
 import { resolveRustImport } from '../import-resolvers/rust.js';
@@ -22,6 +24,35 @@ import { rustConfig as rustFieldConfig } from '../field-extractors/configs/rust.
 import { createMethodExtractor } from '../method-extractors/generic.js';
 import { rustMethodConfig } from '../method-extractors/configs/rust.js';
 
+/** Rust impl_item: find the function_item child and extract its name as a Method. */
+const rustExtractFunctionName = (
+  node: SyntaxNode,
+): { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } | null => {
+  if (node.type !== 'impl_item') return null;
+
+  let funcItem: SyntaxNode | null = null;
+  for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
+    const c = node.child(i);
+    if (c?.type === 'function_item') {
+      funcItem = c;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!funcItem) return null;
+
+  let nameNode = funcItem.childForFieldName?.('name');
+  if (!nameNode) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < funcItem.childCount; i++) {
+      const c = funcItem.child(i);
+      if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
+        nameNode = c;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return { funcName: nameNode?.text ?? null, label: 'Method' };
+};
+
 const BUILT_INS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
   'unwrap',
   'expect',
@@ -89,6 +120,9 @@ export const rustProvider = defineLanguage({
   namedBindingExtractor: extractRustNamedBindings,
   mroStrategy: 'qualified-syntax',
   fieldExtractor: createFieldExtractor(rustFieldConfig),
-  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor(rustMethodConfig),
+  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor({
+    ...rustMethodConfig,
+    extractFunctionName: rustExtractFunctionName,
+  }),
   builtInNames: BUILT_INS,
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/swift.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/swift.ts
index d9fb77e8f..f6753c397 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/swift.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/swift.ts
@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@
  */
 
 import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import type { NodeLabel } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import { defineLanguage } from '../language-provider.js';
 import { typeConfig as swiftConfig } from '../type-extractors/swift.js';
 import { swiftExportChecker } from '../export-detection.js';
 import { resolveSwiftImport } from '../import-resolvers/swift.js';
 import { SWIFT_QUERIES } from '../tree-sitter-queries.js';
 import type { SwiftPackageConfig } from '../language-config.js';
+import type { SyntaxNode } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import { createFieldExtractor } from '../field-extractors/generic.js';
 import { swiftConfig as swiftFieldConfig } from '../field-extractors/configs/swift.js';
 import { createMethodExtractor } from '../method-extractors/generic.js';
@@ -109,6 +111,15 @@ function wireSwiftImplicitImports(
   }
 }
 
+/** Swift init/deinit declarations have special names and Constructor label. */
+const swiftExtractFunctionName = (
+  node: SyntaxNode,
+): { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } | null => {
+  if (node.type === 'init_declaration') return { funcName: 'init', label: 'Constructor' };
+  if (node.type === 'deinit_declaration') return { funcName: 'deinit', label: 'Constructor' };
+  return null; // fall through to generic
+};
+
 const BUILT_INS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
   'print',
   'debugPrint',
@@ -229,7 +240,10 @@ export const swiftProvider = defineLanguage({
   importSemantics: 'wildcard',
   heritageDefaultEdge: 'IMPLEMENTS',
   fieldExtractor: createFieldExtractor(swiftFieldConfig),
-  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor(swiftMethodConfig),
+  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor({
+    ...swiftMethodConfig,
+    extractFunctionName: swiftExtractFunctionName,
+  }),
   implicitImportWirer: wireSwiftImplicitImports,
   builtInNames: BUILT_INS,
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/typescript.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/typescript.ts
index 80cf1ad8d..7563704e3 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/typescript.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/languages/typescript.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
  */
 
 import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import type { NodeLabel } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import { defineLanguage } from '../language-provider.js';
+import type { SyntaxNode } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import { typeConfig as typescriptConfig } from '../type-extractors/typescript.js';
 import { tsExportChecker } from '../export-detection.js';
 import { resolveTypescriptImport, resolveJavascriptImport } from '../import-resolvers/standard.js';
@@ -23,6 +25,31 @@ import {
   javascriptMethodConfig,
 } from '../method-extractors/configs/typescript-javascript.js';
 
+/**
+ * TypeScript/JavaScript: arrow_function and function_expression get their name
+ * from the parent variable_declarator (e.g. `const foo = () => {}`).
+ */
+const tsExtractFunctionName = (
+  node: SyntaxNode,
+): { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } | null => {
+  if (node.type !== 'arrow_function' && node.type !== 'function_expression') return null;
+
+  const parent = node.parent;
+  if (parent?.type !== 'variable_declarator') return null;
+
+  let nameNode = parent.childForFieldName?.('name');
+  if (!nameNode) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < parent.childCount; i++) {
+      const c = parent.child(i);
+      if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
+        nameNode = c;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return { funcName: nameNode?.text ?? null, label: 'Function' };
+};
+
 export const BUILT_INS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
   'console',
   'log',
@@ -129,7 +156,10 @@ export const typescriptProvider = defineLanguage({
   importResolver: resolveTypescriptImport,
   namedBindingExtractor: extractTsNamedBindings,
   fieldExtractor: typescriptFieldExtractor,
-  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor(typescriptMethodConfig),
+  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor({
+    ...typescriptMethodConfig,
+    extractFunctionName: tsExtractFunctionName,
+  }),
   builtInNames: BUILT_INS,
 });
 
@@ -142,6 +172,9 @@ export const javascriptProvider = defineLanguage({
   importResolver: resolveJavascriptImport,
   namedBindingExtractor: extractTsNamedBindings,
   fieldExtractor: createFieldExtractor(javascriptConfig),
-  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor(javascriptMethodConfig),
+  methodExtractor: createMethodExtractor({
+    ...javascriptMethodConfig,
+    extractFunctionName: tsExtractFunctionName,
+  }),
   builtInNames: BUILT_INS,
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/csharp.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/csharp.ts
index 34d43f658..da7daca96 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/csharp.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/csharp.ts
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ export const csharpMethodConfig: MethodExtractionConfig = {
     'destructor_declaration',
     'operator_declaration',
     'conversion_operator_declaration',
+    'local_function_statement',
   ],
   bodyNodeTypes: ['declaration_list'],
 
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/php.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/php.ts
index aee8cd512..9efc45a85 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/php.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/php.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,57 @@ import type { SyntaxNode } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 // PHP helpers
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+/** Regex to extract PHPDoc @return annotations: `@return User` */
+const PHPDOC_RETURN_RE = /@return\s+(\S+)/;
+
+/** Node types to skip when walking backwards through siblings for PHPDoc. */
+const PHPDOC_SKIP_NODE_TYPES: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(['attribute_list', 'attribute']);
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a PHPDoc return type for the MethodExtractor.
+ * Strips nullable prefix, null/false/void unions, namespace prefixes, and
+ * rejects uninformative types (mixed, void, self, static, object, array).
+ */
+function normalizePhpReturnType(raw: string): string | undefined {
+  let type = raw.startsWith('?') ? raw.slice(1) : raw;
+  const parts = type
+    .split('|')
+    .filter((p) => p !== 'null' && p !== 'false' && p !== 'void' && p !== 'mixed');
+  if (parts.length !== 1) return undefined;
+  type = parts[0];
+  const segments = type.split('\\');
+  type = segments[segments.length - 1];
+  if (
+    type === 'mixed' ||
+    type === 'void' ||
+    type === 'self' ||
+    type === 'static' ||
+    type === 'object' ||
+    type === 'array'
+  )
+    return undefined;
+  if (/^\w+(\[\])?$/.test(type) || /^\w+\s*</.test(type)) return type;
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Walk backwards through preceding siblings of `node` to find a PHPDoc
+ * `@return Type` annotation. Skips `attribute_list` nodes (PHP 8 attributes).
+ */
+function extractPhpDocReturnType(node: SyntaxNode): string | undefined {
+  let sibling = node.previousSibling;
+  while (sibling) {
+    if (sibling.type === 'comment') {
+      const match = PHPDOC_RETURN_RE.exec(sibling.text);
+      if (match) return normalizePhpReturnType(match[1]);
+    } else if (sibling.isNamed && !PHPDOC_SKIP_NODE_TYPES.has(sibling.type)) {
+      break;
+    }
+    sibling = sibling.previousSibling;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
 const PHP_VIS = new Set<MethodVisibility>(['public', 'private', 'protected']);
 
 /**
@@ -52,6 +103,9 @@ function hasModifierNode(node: SyntaxNode, modifierType: string): boolean {
  * It appears as a type node (primitive_type, named_type, union_type,
  * optional_type, nullable_type, intersection_type) after the formal_parameters
  * and a `:` token separator.
+ *
+ * When the AST return type is missing or uninformative (`array` / `iterable`),
+ * falls back to parsing PHPDoc `@return Type` from preceding doc comments.
  */
 function extractPhpReturnType(node: SyntaxNode): string | undefined {
   const TYPE_NODE_TYPES = new Set([
@@ -63,6 +117,7 @@ function extractPhpReturnType(node: SyntaxNode): string | undefined {
     'intersection_type',
   ]);
 
+  let astType: string | undefined;
   let seenParams = false;
   for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
     const child = node.child(i);
@@ -73,14 +128,22 @@ function extractPhpReturnType(node: SyntaxNode): string | undefined {
     }
     // After the parameters node, look for the colon and then the type
     if (seenParams && child.isNamed && TYPE_NODE_TYPES.has(child.type)) {
-      return child.text?.trim();
+      astType = child.text?.trim();
+      break;
     }
     // Stop at body or semicolon
     if (child.type === 'compound_statement' || (!child.isNamed && child.text === ';')) {
       break;
     }
   }
-  return undefined;
+
+  // If AST type is missing or uninformative, try PHPDoc @return fallback
+  if (!astType || astType === 'array' || astType === 'iterable') {
+    const docType = extractPhpDocReturnType(node);
+    if (docType) return docType;
+  }
+
+  return astType;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -208,7 +271,7 @@ export const phpMethodConfig: MethodExtractionConfig = {
     'trait_declaration',
     'enum_declaration',
   ],
-  methodNodeTypes: ['method_declaration'],
+  methodNodeTypes: ['method_declaration', 'function_definition'],
   bodyNodeTypes: ['declaration_list'],
 
   extractName(node) {
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/ruby.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/ruby.ts
index f4ce41db5..097dea2f3 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/ruby.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/ruby.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,50 @@ import type { SyntaxNode } from '../../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 
 const VISIBILITY_MODIFIERS = new Set(['private', 'protected', 'public']);
 
+/** Regex to extract YARD `@return [Type]` annotations from comments. */
+const YARD_RETURN_RE = /@return\s+\[([^\]]+)\]/;
+
+/**
+ * Extract the simple type name from a YARD type string.
+ * Handles qualified types ("Models::User" -> "User"), generics ("Array<User>"
+ * -> "Array"), nullable ("String, nil" -> "String"), and rejects ambiguous
+ * unions ("String, Integer" -> undefined).
+ */
+function extractYardTypeName(yardType: string): string | undefined {
+  const trimmed = yardType.trim();
+
+  // Bracket-balanced split on commas to handle generics like Hash<Symbol, User>
+  const parts: string[] = [];
+  let depth = 0,
+    start = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < trimmed.length; i++) {
+    if (trimmed[i] === '<') depth++;
+    else if (trimmed[i] === '>') depth--;
+    else if (trimmed[i] === ',' && depth === 0) {
+      parts.push(trimmed.slice(start, i).trim());
+      start = i + 1;
+    }
+  }
+  parts.push(trimmed.slice(start).trim());
+  const filtered = parts.filter((p) => p !== '' && p !== 'nil');
+  if (filtered.length !== 1) return undefined; // ambiguous union
+
+  const typePart = filtered[0];
+
+  // Qualified: "Models::User" -> "User"
+  const segments = typePart.split('::');
+  const last = segments[segments.length - 1];
+
+  // Generic: "Array<User>" -> "Array"
+  const genericMatch = last.match(/^(\w+)\s*[<{(]/);
+  if (genericMatch) return genericMatch[1];
+
+  // Simple identifier
+  if (/^\w+$/.test(last)) return last;
+
+  return undefined;
+}
+
 /**
  * Extract visibility for a Ruby method by walking backwards through the
  * parent body_statement's named children from the method node's position.
@@ -166,8 +210,30 @@ export const rubyMethodConfig: MethodExtractionConfig = {
     return nameNode?.text;
   },
 
-  extractReturnType(_node) {
-    // Ruby has no type annotations — return type is always null
+  extractReturnType(node) {
+    // Walk backwards through preceding siblings looking for YARD @return [Type].
+    // Try direct siblings first, then fall back to parent (body_statement) siblings
+    // for class methods where the comment may be a sibling of the body_statement.
+    const search = (startNode: SyntaxNode): string | undefined => {
+      let sibling = startNode.previousSibling;
+      while (sibling) {
+        if (sibling.type === 'comment') {
+          const match = YARD_RETURN_RE.exec(sibling.text);
+          if (match) return extractYardTypeName(match[1]);
+        } else if (sibling.isNamed) {
+          break;
+        }
+        sibling = sibling.previousSibling;
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    };
+
+    const result = search(node);
+    if (result) return result;
+
+    if (node.parent?.type === 'body_statement') {
+      return search(node.parent);
+    }
     return undefined;
   },
 
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/typescript-javascript.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/typescript-javascript.ts
index 08bed31ea..1a18c87e0 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/typescript-javascript.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/configs/typescript-javascript.ts
@@ -125,8 +125,46 @@ function extractTsJsParameters(node: SyntaxNode): ParameterInfo[] {
   return params;
 }
 
+/** Regex to extract @returns or @return from JSDoc comments: `@returns {Type}` */
+const JSDOC_RETURN_RE = /@returns?\s*\{([^}]+)\}/;
+
+/**
+ * Minimal sanitization for JSDoc return types — preserves generic wrappers
+ * (e.g. `Promise<User>`) so that extractReturnTypeName in call-processor
+ * can apply WRAPPER_GENERICS unwrapping. Only strips JSDoc-specific syntax markers.
+ */
+function sanitizeJsDocReturnType(raw: string): string | undefined {
+  let type = raw.trim();
+  // Strip JSDoc nullable/non-nullable prefixes: ?User → User, !User → User
+  if (type.startsWith('?') || type.startsWith('!')) type = type.slice(1);
+  // Strip module: prefix — module:models.User → models.User
+  if (type.startsWith('module:')) type = type.slice(7);
+  // Reject unions (ambiguous)
+  if (type.includes('|')) return undefined;
+  if (!type) return undefined;
+  return type;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Walk backwards through preceding siblings looking for a JSDoc comment containing
+ * `@returns {Type}` or `@return {Type}`. Stops at the first non-comment named node
+ * (excluding decorators, which precede methods in TS/JS).
+ */
+function extractJsDocReturnType(node: SyntaxNode): string | undefined {
+  let sibling = node.previousSibling;
+  while (sibling) {
+    if (sibling.type === 'comment') {
+      const match = JSDOC_RETURN_RE.exec(sibling.text);
+      if (match) return sanitizeJsDocReturnType(match[1]);
+    } else if (sibling.isNamed && sibling.type !== 'decorator') break;
+    sibling = sibling.previousSibling;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
 /**
  * Extract return type from return_type field, unwrapping type_annotation.
+ * Falls back to JSDoc `@returns {Type}` when the AST has no return type annotation.
  *
  * tree-sitter-typescript uses `return_type` as the field name (not `type` like JVM).
  * The return_type field points to a type_annotation node that must be unwrapped.
@@ -140,7 +178,8 @@ function extractTsJsReturnType(node: SyntaxNode): string | undefined {
     }
     return returnType.text?.trim();
   }
-  return undefined;
+  // AST has no return type annotation — try JSDoc fallback
+  return extractJsDocReturnType(node);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -227,7 +266,14 @@ const shared: Omit<MethodExtractionConfig, 'language'> = {
   //     are not discovered because class_expression is not in typeDeclarationNodes.
   //   - declare module / declare global augmentations — methods inside ambient_module_declaration
   //     wrappers are not surfaced because the top-level walker doesn't descend into them.
-  methodNodeTypes: ['method_definition', 'method_signature', 'abstract_method_signature'],
+  methodNodeTypes: [
+    'method_definition',
+    'method_signature',
+    'abstract_method_signature',
+    'function_declaration',
+    'generator_function_declaration',
+    'function_signature',
+  ],
   bodyNodeTypes: ['class_body', 'interface_body'],
 
   extractName(node) {
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/generic.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/generic.ts
index d4df84feb..054aa3f58 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/generic.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-extractors/generic.ts
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ export function createMethodExtractor(config: MethodExtractionConfig): MethodExt
       if (!methodNodeSet.has(node.type)) return null;
       return buildMethod(node, node, context, config);
     },
+
+    ...(config.extractFunctionName ? { extractFunctionName: config.extractFunctionName } : {}),
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-types.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-types.ts
index 30b34474a..11a613804 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-types.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/method-types.ts
@@ -48,6 +48,14 @@ export interface MethodExtractor {
   isTypeDeclaration(node: SyntaxNode): boolean;
   /** Extract method info from a standalone method node (e.g. Go top-level method_declaration). */
   extractFromNode?(node: SyntaxNode, context: MethodExtractorContext): MethodInfo | null;
+  /** Extract function name + label from an AST node during parent-walk.
+   *  Languages with non-standard AST structures (e.g. C/C++ declarator
+   *  unwrapping, Swift init/deinit, Rust impl_item) provide this hook
+   *  to replace the generic name-field lookup.
+   *  Return null to fall through to the generic extractor. */
+  extractFunctionName?(
+    node: SyntaxNode,
+  ): { funcName: string | null; label: import('gitnexus-shared').NodeLabel } | null;
 }
 
 export interface MethodExtractionConfig {
@@ -75,4 +83,9 @@ export interface MethodExtractionConfig {
     ownerNode: SyntaxNode,
     context: MethodExtractorContext,
   ) => MethodInfo | null;
+  /** Extract function name + label from an AST node during parent-walk.
+   *  Passed through to the MethodExtractor by createMethodExtractor. */
+  extractFunctionName?: (
+    node: SyntaxNode,
+  ) => { funcName: string | null; label: import('gitnexus-shared').NodeLabel } | null;
 }
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/mro-processor.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/mro-processor.ts
index 6d96bb2d9..6d8fe5f74 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/mro-processor.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/mro-processor.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Walks the inheritance DAG (EXTENDS/IMPLEMENTS edges), collects methods from
  * each ancestor via HAS_METHOD edges, detects method-name collisions across
- * parents, and applies language-specific resolution rules to emit OVERRIDES edges.
+ * parents, and applies language-specific resolution rules to emit METHOD_OVERRIDES edges.
  *
  * Language-specific rules:
  * - C++:       leftmost base class in declaration order wins
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
  * - Rust:      no auto-resolution — requires qualified syntax, resolvedTo = null
  * - Default:   single inheritance — first definition wins
  *
- * OVERRIDES edge direction: Class → Method (not Method → Method).
+ * METHOD_OVERRIDES edge direction: Class → Method (not Method → Method).
  * The source is the child class that inherits conflicting methods,
  * the target is the winning ancestor method node.
- * Cypher: MATCH (c:Class)-[r:CodeRelation {type: 'OVERRIDES'}]->(m:Method)
+ * Cypher: MATCH (c:Class)-[r:CodeRelation {type: 'METHOD_OVERRIDES'}]->(m:Method)
  */
 
 import { KnowledgeGraph } from '../graph/types.js';
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ export interface MROResult {
   entries: MROEntry[];
   overrideEdges: number;
   ambiguityCount: number;
+  methodImplementsEdges: number;
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -289,6 +290,10 @@ export function computeMRO(graph: KnowledgeGraph): MROResult {
   let overrideEdges = 0;
   let ambiguityCount = 0;
 
+  // Pre-computed maps to avoid redundant BFS in emitMethodImplementsEdges
+  const ancestorsMap = new Map<string, string[]>();
+  const edgeTypesMap = new Map<string, Map<string, 'EXTENDS' | 'IMPLEMENTS'>>();
+
   // Process every class that has at least one parent
   for (const [classId, directParents] of parentMap) {
     if (directParents.length === 0) continue;
@@ -302,12 +307,16 @@ export function computeMRO(graph: KnowledgeGraph): MROResult {
 
     // Compute linearized MRO depending on language strategy
     const provider = getProvider(language);
+    const ancestors = gatherAncestors(classId, parentMap);
+    ancestorsMap.set(classId, ancestors);
+    edgeTypesMap.set(classId, buildTransitiveEdgeTypes(classId, parentMap, parentEdgeType));
+
     let mroOrder: string[];
     if (provider.mroStrategy === 'c3') {
       const c3Result = c3Linearize(classId, parentMap, c3Cache);
-      mroOrder = c3Result ?? gatherAncestors(classId, parentMap);
+      mroOrder = c3Result ?? ancestors;
     } else {
-      mroOrder = gatherAncestors(classId, parentMap);
+      mroOrder = ancestors;
     }
 
     // Get the parent names for the MRO entry
@@ -348,11 +357,9 @@ export function computeMRO(graph: KnowledgeGraph): MROResult {
     // Detect collisions: methods defined in 2+ different ancestors
     const ambiguities: MethodAmbiguity[] = [];
 
-    // Compute transitive edge types once per class (only needed for implements-split languages)
+    // Use pre-computed transitive edge types (only needed for implements-split languages)
     const needsEdgeTypes = provider.mroStrategy === 'implements-split';
-    const classEdgeTypes = needsEdgeTypes
-      ? buildTransitiveEdgeTypes(classId, parentMap, parentEdgeType)
-      : undefined;
+    const classEdgeTypes = needsEdgeTypes ? edgeTypesMap.get(classId) : undefined;
 
     for (const [methodName, defs] of methodsByName) {
       if (defs.length < 2) continue;
@@ -401,13 +408,13 @@ export function computeMRO(graph: KnowledgeGraph): MROResult {
         ambiguityCount++;
       }
 
-      // Emit OVERRIDES edge if resolution found
+      // Emit METHOD_OVERRIDES edge if resolution found
       if (resolution.resolvedTo !== null) {
         graph.addRelationship({
-          id: generateId('OVERRIDES', `${classId}->${resolution.resolvedTo}`),
+          id: generateId('METHOD_OVERRIDES', `${classId}->${resolution.resolvedTo}`),
           sourceId: classId,
           targetId: resolution.resolvedTo,
-          type: 'OVERRIDES',
+          type: 'METHOD_OVERRIDES',
           confidence: resolution.confidence,
           reason: resolution.reason,
         });
@@ -424,7 +431,389 @@ export function computeMRO(graph: KnowledgeGraph): MROResult {
     });
   }
 
-  return { entries, overrideEdges, ambiguityCount };
+  const methodImplementsEdges = emitMethodImplementsEdges(
+    graph,
+    parentMap,
+    methodMap,
+    parentEdgeType,
+    ancestorsMap,
+    edgeTypesMap,
+  );
+
+  return { entries, overrideEdges, ambiguityCount, methodImplementsEdges };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge emission
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Check if two parameter type arrays match.
+ * When either side has no type info, fall back to parameterCount comparison
+ * (arity-compatible matching). If both have parameterCount and they differ,
+ * return no match. If counts match, return confident match. If either count
+ * is undefined, return lenient (non-confident) match.
+ *
+ * Returns `{ match, confident }`:
+ * - Exact type match → `{ match: true, confident: true }`
+ * - Arity match (both have parameterCount, counts equal) → `{ match: true, confident: true }`
+ * - Lenient (either side lacks types AND lacks parameterCount) → `{ match: true, confident: false }`
+ * - No match → `{ match: false, confident: false }`
+ */
+function parameterTypesMatch(
+  a: string[],
+  b: string[],
+  aParamCount?: number,
+  bParamCount?: number,
+): { match: boolean; confident: boolean } {
+  // If one side is variadic and the other isn't, types may match superficially
+  // but the methods aren't guaranteed to be interchangeable
+  if ((aParamCount === undefined) !== (bParamCount === undefined)) {
+    return { match: true, confident: false };
+  }
+
+  if (a.length === 0 || b.length === 0) {
+    // Fall back to arity check when type info is missing
+    if (aParamCount !== undefined && bParamCount !== undefined) {
+      return { match: aParamCount === bParamCount, confident: aParamCount === bParamCount };
+    }
+    return { match: true, confident: false }; // lenient when either count is unknown
+  }
+  if (a.length !== b.length) return { match: false, confident: false };
+  const exact = a.every((t, i) => t === b[i]);
+  return { match: exact, confident: exact };
+}
+
+/**
+ * For each concrete class that implements/extends an interface or trait,
+ * find methods in the class that implement methods defined in the interface
+ * and emit METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges: ConcreteMethod → InterfaceMethod.
+ *
+ * Method node IDs include a `#<paramCount>` arity suffix, so overloaded
+ * methods with different parameter counts are distinct nodes in the graph.
+ *
+ * **Remaining limitation — same-arity overloads:** When two overloads share
+ * the same parameter count but differ only in types (e.g. `save(int)` vs
+ * `save(String)`), they still collapse to one node ID. This is rare in
+ * practice; a future enhancement may add type-hash disambiguation for
+ * languages with reliable type extraction (see issue #574).
+ */
+function emitMethodImplementsEdges(
+  graph: KnowledgeGraph,
+  parentMap: Map<string, string[]>,
+  methodMap: Map<string, string[]>,
+  parentEdgeType: Map<string, Map<string, 'EXTENDS' | 'IMPLEMENTS'>>,
+  ancestorsMap: Map<string, string[]>,
+  edgeTypesMap: Map<string, Map<string, 'EXTENDS' | 'IMPLEMENTS'>>,
+): number {
+  let edgeCount = 0;
+
+  for (const [classId, parentIds] of parentMap) {
+    const classNode = graph.getNode(classId);
+    if (!classNode) continue;
+
+    // Interfaces and traits declare contracts — they don't implement them
+    if (classNode.label === 'Interface' || classNode.label === 'Trait') continue;
+
+    // Get this class's own methods
+    const ownMethodIds = methodMap.get(classId) ?? [];
+
+    // Build a lookup: methodName → Array<{methodId, parameterTypes, parameterCount}> for own methods
+    const ownMethodsByName = new Map<
+      string,
+      Array<{ methodId: string; parameterTypes: string[]; parameterCount?: number }>
+    >();
+    for (const methodId of ownMethodIds) {
+      const methodNode = graph.getNode(methodId);
+      if (!methodNode || methodNode.label === 'Property') continue;
+      // Abstract methods don't satisfy interface contracts
+      if (methodNode.properties.isAbstract === true) continue;
+      const name = methodNode.properties.name as string;
+      const parameterTypes = (methodNode.properties.parameterTypes as string[] | undefined) ?? [];
+      const parameterCount = methodNode.properties.parameterCount as number | undefined;
+      let bucket = ownMethodsByName.get(name);
+      if (!bucket) {
+        bucket = [];
+        ownMethodsByName.set(name, bucket);
+      }
+      bucket.push({ methodId, parameterTypes, parameterCount });
+    }
+
+    // Use pre-computed ancestors and edge types; fall back to computing if missing (safety)
+    const allAncestors = ancestorsMap.get(classId) ?? gatherAncestors(classId, parentMap);
+    const ancestorEdgeTypes =
+      edgeTypesMap.get(classId) ?? buildTransitiveEdgeTypes(classId, parentMap, parentEdgeType);
+
+    // Dedup set: avoid duplicate edges from diamond paths
+    const emitted = new Set<string>();
+
+    // For each ancestor, check if it's an interface/trait or classified as IMPLEMENTS
+    for (const ancestorId of allAncestors) {
+      const ancestorNode = graph.getNode(ancestorId);
+      if (!ancestorNode) continue;
+
+      const isInterfaceLike = ancestorNode.label === 'Interface' || ancestorNode.label === 'Trait';
+      const classifiedEdgeType = ancestorEdgeTypes.get(ancestorId);
+      if (!isInterfaceLike && classifiedEdgeType !== 'IMPLEMENTS') continue;
+
+      // Get ancestor's methods
+      const ancestorMethodIds = methodMap.get(ancestorId) ?? [];
+
+      for (const ancestorMethodId of ancestorMethodIds) {
+        const ancestorMethodNode = graph.getNode(ancestorMethodId);
+        if (!ancestorMethodNode || ancestorMethodNode.label === 'Property') continue;
+
+        const ancestorName = ancestorMethodNode.properties.name as string;
+        const ancestorParamTypes =
+          (ancestorMethodNode.properties.parameterTypes as string[] | undefined) ?? [];
+        const ancestorParamCount = ancestorMethodNode.properties.parameterCount as
+          | number
+          | undefined;
+
+        // Find matching method in own class by name + parameterTypes/arity
+        const candidates = ownMethodsByName.get(ancestorName);
+
+        // Unit 3: If no own method matches, walk the EXTENDS chain to find inherited concrete method
+        if (!candidates || candidates.length === 0) {
+          const inherited = findInheritedMethod(
+            classId,
+            ancestorName,
+            ancestorParamTypes,
+            ancestorParamCount,
+            graph,
+            parentMap,
+            methodMap,
+            parentEdgeType,
+            ancestorMethodId,
+          );
+          if (inherited) {
+            const edgeKey = `${inherited.methodId}->${ancestorMethodId}`;
+            if (!emitted.has(edgeKey)) {
+              emitted.add(edgeKey);
+              graph.addRelationship({
+                id: generateId('METHOD_IMPLEMENTS', edgeKey),
+                sourceId: inherited.methodId,
+                targetId: ancestorMethodId,
+                type: 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS',
+                confidence: inherited.confident ? 1.0 : 0.7,
+                reason: '',
+              });
+              edgeCount++;
+            }
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        // Unit 4: Filter candidates by type/arity match, then check for ambiguity
+        const matching: Array<{
+          methodId: string;
+          parameterTypes: string[];
+          parameterCount?: number;
+          confident: boolean;
+        }> = [];
+        for (const c of candidates) {
+          const result = parameterTypesMatch(
+            c.parameterTypes,
+            ancestorParamTypes,
+            c.parameterCount,
+            ancestorParamCount,
+          );
+          if (result.match) {
+            matching.push({ ...c, confident: result.confident });
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (matching.length === 0) continue;
+
+        // If multiple candidates match at name+arity level, emit no edge (ambiguous)
+        if (matching.length > 1) continue;
+
+        const winner = matching[0];
+        const edgeKey = `${winner.methodId}->${ancestorMethodId}`;
+        if (emitted.has(edgeKey)) continue;
+        emitted.add(edgeKey);
+
+        graph.addRelationship({
+          id: generateId('METHOD_IMPLEMENTS', edgeKey),
+          sourceId: winner.methodId,
+          targetId: ancestorMethodId,
+          type: 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS',
+          confidence: winner.confident ? 1.0 : 0.7,
+          reason: '',
+        });
+        edgeCount++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return edgeCount;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Walk the class's EXTENDS chain to find the nearest concrete method matching
+ * the given name and parameter signature. If the EXTENDS chain yields no match,
+ * fall back to IMPLEMENTS parents and check for non-abstract default methods
+ * (e.g. Java default interface methods, Kotlin interface defaults).
+ * Returns the first matching method found in BFS order, or null.
+ */
+function findInheritedMethod(
+  classId: string,
+  methodName: string,
+  targetParamTypes: string[],
+  targetParamCount: number | undefined,
+  graph: KnowledgeGraph,
+  parentMap: Map<string, string[]>,
+  methodMap: Map<string, string[]>,
+  parentEdgeType: Map<string, Map<string, 'EXTENDS' | 'IMPLEMENTS'>>,
+  /** Method ID to exclude from results (prevents self-edges when the ancestor
+   *  method being matched lives on an IMPLEMENTS parent). */
+  excludeMethodId?: string,
+): { methodId: string; parameterTypes: string[]; confident: boolean } | null {
+  const visited = new Set<string>();
+  const queue: string[] = [];
+
+  // Seed with direct EXTENDS parents only
+  const directParents = parentMap.get(classId) ?? [];
+  const directEdges = parentEdgeType.get(classId);
+  for (const pid of directParents) {
+    const et = directEdges?.get(pid);
+    if (et === 'EXTENDS') {
+      // Also check that the parent is not an Interface/Trait
+      const parentNode = graph.getNode(pid);
+      if (parentNode && parentNode.label !== 'Interface' && parentNode.label !== 'Trait') {
+        queue.push(pid);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Level-order BFS: process all ancestors at the current depth before
+  // advancing. Once any match is found at depth D, finish that depth and stop.
+  // Diamond dedup: same methodId via two paths at the same depth = 1 match.
+  let currentLevel = [...queue];
+
+  while (currentLevel.length > 0) {
+    const matches = new Map<
+      string,
+      { methodId: string; parameterTypes: string[]; confident: boolean }
+    >();
+    const nextLevel: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const ancestorId of currentLevel) {
+      if (visited.has(ancestorId)) continue;
+      visited.add(ancestorId);
+
+      // Check this ancestor's methods
+      const methods = methodMap.get(ancestorId) ?? [];
+      for (const mid of methods) {
+        const mNode = graph.getNode(mid);
+        if (!mNode || mNode.label === 'Property') continue;
+        // Abstract inherited methods don't count as concrete implementations
+        if (mNode.properties.isAbstract === true) continue;
+        if (mNode.properties.name !== methodName) continue;
+
+        const mParamTypes = (mNode.properties.parameterTypes as string[] | undefined) ?? [];
+        const mParamCount = mNode.properties.parameterCount as number | undefined;
+        const ptResult = parameterTypesMatch(
+          mParamTypes,
+          targetParamTypes,
+          mParamCount,
+          targetParamCount,
+        );
+        if (ptResult.match) {
+          matches.set(mid, {
+            methodId: mid,
+            parameterTypes: mParamTypes,
+            confident: ptResult.confident,
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Collect EXTENDS parents for the next depth level
+      const grandparents = parentMap.get(ancestorId) ?? [];
+      const ancestorEdges = parentEdgeType.get(ancestorId);
+      for (const gp of grandparents) {
+        if (visited.has(gp)) continue;
+        const gpEdge = ancestorEdges?.get(gp);
+        if (gpEdge === 'EXTENDS') {
+          const gpNode = graph.getNode(gp);
+          if (gpNode && gpNode.label !== 'Interface' && gpNode.label !== 'Trait') {
+            nextLevel.push(gp);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If any matches found at this depth, decide and stop
+    if (matches.size === 1) return matches.values().next().value!;
+    if (matches.size > 1) return null; // ambiguous at same depth
+
+    currentLevel = nextLevel;
+  }
+
+  // ── Second pass: walk IMPLEMENTS parents AND their interface ancestry ──
+  // Only reached when the EXTENDS chain yielded no match.
+  // BFS through interface/trait hierarchy to find default (non-abstract) methods.
+  const implBfsQueue: string[] = [];
+  for (const pid of directParents) {
+    const et = directEdges?.get(pid);
+    if (et === 'IMPLEMENTS') {
+      implBfsQueue.push(pid);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Collect all matches from the IMPLEMENTS BFS — return null if ambiguous (>1 match)
+  const implMatches: Array<{
+    methodId: string;
+    parameterTypes: string[];
+    confident: boolean;
+  }> = [];
+  const implVisited = new Set<string>();
+  while (implBfsQueue.length > 0) {
+    const ifaceId = implBfsQueue.shift()!;
+    if (implVisited.has(ifaceId)) continue;
+    implVisited.add(ifaceId);
+
+    // Only process Interface/Trait nodes — Dart `implements Class` does not
+    // inherit method bodies, so Class/Struct/Enum parents must be skipped.
+    const ifaceNode = graph.getNode(ifaceId);
+    if (!ifaceNode || (ifaceNode.label !== 'Interface' && ifaceNode.label !== 'Trait')) continue;
+
+    // Check this interface/trait's methods for a non-abstract default
+    const methods = methodMap.get(ifaceId) ?? [];
+    for (const mid of methods) {
+      if (mid === excludeMethodId) continue; // prevent self-edges
+      const mNode = graph.getNode(mid);
+      if (!mNode || mNode.label === 'Property') continue;
+      if (mNode.properties.isAbstract === true) continue;
+      if (mNode.properties.name !== methodName) continue;
+
+      const mParamTypes = (mNode.properties.parameterTypes as string[] | undefined) ?? [];
+      const mParamCount = mNode.properties.parameterCount as number | undefined;
+      const ptResult = parameterTypesMatch(
+        mParamTypes,
+        targetParamTypes,
+        mParamCount,
+        targetParamCount,
+      );
+      if (ptResult.match) {
+        implMatches.push({
+          methodId: mid,
+          parameterTypes: mParamTypes,
+          confident: ptResult.confident,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Walk this interface's parents (interface-extends-interface chains)
+    const ifaceParents = parentMap.get(ifaceId) ?? [];
+    for (const gp of ifaceParents) {
+      if (!implVisited.has(gp)) implBfsQueue.push(gp);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Ambiguous: multiple interfaces provide the same default method
+  if (implMatches.length === 1) return implMatches[0];
+  return null; // 0 matches or ambiguous (>1)
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/parsing-processor.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/parsing-processor.ts
index 42e2e4c12..8511ce06b 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/parsing-processor.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/parsing-processor.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import { yieldToEventLoop } from './utils/event-loop.js';
 import {
   getDefinitionNodeFromCaptures,
   findEnclosingClassInfo,
-  extractMethodSignature,
   getLabelFromCaptures,
   CLASS_CONTAINER_TYPES,
   type SyntaxNode,
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ import { detectFrameworkFromAST } from './framework-detection.js';
 import { buildTypeEnv } from './type-env.js';
 import type { FieldInfo, FieldExtractorContext } from './field-types.js';
 import type { MethodInfo } from './method-types.js';
+import { buildMethodProps, arityForIdFromInfo } from './utils/method-props.js';
 import type { LanguageProvider } from './language-provider.js';
 import { WorkerPool } from './workers/worker-pool.js';
 import type {
@@ -232,35 +232,6 @@ function seqFindEnclosingClassNode(node: SyntaxNode): SyntaxNode | null {
   return null;
 }
 
-/** Convert MethodInfo from methodExtractor into flat properties for a graph node. */
-function buildMethodProps(info: MethodInfo): Record<string, unknown> {
-  const types: string[] = [];
-  let optionalCount = 0;
-  let hasVariadic = false;
-  for (const p of info.parameters) {
-    if (p.type !== null) types.push(p.type);
-    if (p.isOptional) optionalCount++;
-    if (p.isVariadic) hasVariadic = true;
-  }
-  return {
-    parameterCount: hasVariadic ? undefined : info.parameters.length,
-    ...(!hasVariadic && optionalCount > 0
-      ? { requiredParameterCount: info.parameters.length - optionalCount }
-      : {}),
-    ...(types.length > 0 ? { parameterTypes: types } : {}),
-    returnType: info.returnType ?? undefined,
-    visibility: info.visibility,
-    isStatic: info.isStatic,
-    isAbstract: info.isAbstract,
-    isFinal: info.isFinal,
-    ...(info.isVirtual ? { isVirtual: info.isVirtual } : {}),
-    ...(info.isOverride ? { isOverride: info.isOverride } : {}),
-    ...(info.isAsync ? { isAsync: info.isAsync } : {}),
-    ...(info.isPartial ? { isPartial: info.isPartial } : {}),
-    ...(info.annotations.length > 0 ? { annotations: info.annotations } : {}),
-  };
-}
-
 /** Minimal no-op SymbolTable stub for FieldExtractorContext (sequential path has a real
  *  SymbolTable, but it's incomplete at this stage — use the stub for safety). */
 const NOOP_SYMBOL_TABLE_SEQ = {
@@ -372,7 +343,10 @@ const processParsingSequential = async (
 
     // Build per-file type environment for FieldExtractor context (lightweight — skipped if no fieldExtractor)
     const typeEnv = provider.fieldExtractor
-      ? buildTypeEnv(tree, language, { enclosingFunctionFinder: provider.enclosingFunctionFinder })
+      ? buildTypeEnv(tree, language, {
+          enclosingFunctionFinder: provider.enclosingFunctionFinder,
+          extractFunctionName: provider.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName,
+        })
       : null;
 
     matches.forEach((match) => {
@@ -414,18 +388,15 @@ const processParsingSequential = async (
       const qualifiedName = enclosingClassInfo
         ? `${enclosingClassInfo.className}.${nodeName}`
         : nodeName;
-      const nodeId = generateId(nodeLabel, `${file.path}:${qualifiedName}`);
-      const frameworkHint = definitionNode
-        ? detectFrameworkFromAST(language, (definitionNode.text || '').slice(0, 300))
-        : null;
 
-      // Extract method metadata for Function/Method/Constructor nodes.
-      // Try the per-language methodExtractor first (provides isAbstract, isStatic,
-      // visibility, annotations, etc.). Fall back to extractMethodSignature for
-      // basic parameterCount/parameterTypes/returnType when no methodExtractor exists.
+      // Extract method metadata for Function/Method/Constructor nodes BEFORE generating
+      // the node ID — parameterCount is needed to disambiguate overloaded methods.
+      // Use the per-language MethodExtractor for method metadata (isAbstract, isStatic,
+      // visibility, annotations, parameterCount, parameterTypes, returnType, etc.).
       const isMethodLike =
         nodeLabel === 'Function' || nodeLabel === 'Method' || nodeLabel === 'Constructor';
       let methodProps: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+      let arityForId: number | undefined; // raw param count for ID, even for variadic
       if (isMethodLike && definitionNode) {
         let enriched = false;
 
@@ -452,6 +423,7 @@ const processParsingSequential = async (
               const info = result.methods.find((m) => m.name === nodeName && m.line === defLine);
               if (info) {
                 enriched = true;
+                arityForId = arityForIdFromInfo(info);
                 methodProps = buildMethodProps(info);
               }
             }
@@ -465,36 +437,22 @@ const processParsingSequential = async (
             });
             if (info) {
               enriched = true;
+              arityForId = arityForIdFromInfo(info);
               methodProps = buildMethodProps(info);
             }
           }
         }
-
-        // Fallback to generic extractMethodSignature
-        if (!enriched) {
-          const sig = extractMethodSignature(definitionNode);
-          methodProps = {
-            parameterCount: sig.parameterCount,
-            ...(sig.requiredParameterCount !== undefined
-              ? { requiredParameterCount: sig.requiredParameterCount }
-              : {}),
-            ...(sig.parameterTypes ? { parameterTypes: sig.parameterTypes } : {}),
-            returnType: sig.returnType,
-          };
-        }
-
-        // Language-specific return type fallback (e.g. Ruby YARD @return [Type])
-        // Also upgrades uninformative AST types like PHP `array` with PHPDoc `@return User[]`
-        const rt = methodProps.returnType as string | undefined;
-        if (!rt || rt === 'array' || rt === 'iterable') {
-          const tc = provider.typeConfig;
-          if (tc?.extractReturnType) {
-            const docReturn = tc.extractReturnType(definitionNode);
-            if (docReturn) methodProps.returnType = docReturn;
-          }
-        }
       }
 
+      // Append #<paramCount> to Method/Constructor IDs to disambiguate overloads.
+      // Functions are not suffixed — they don't overload by name in the same scope.
+      const needsAritySuffix = nodeLabel === 'Method' || nodeLabel === 'Constructor';
+      const arityTag = needsAritySuffix && arityForId !== undefined ? `#${arityForId}` : '';
+      const nodeId = generateId(nodeLabel, `${file.path}:${qualifiedName}${arityTag}`);
+      const frameworkHint = definitionNode
+        ? detectFrameworkFromAST(language, (definitionNode.text || '').slice(0, 300))
+        : null;
+
       const node: GraphNode = {
         id: nodeId,
         label: nodeLabel as NodeLabel,
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline.ts
index 5f7d21fe1..d49bdbf70 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/pipeline.ts
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ async function runChunkedParseAndResolve(
  * Post-parse graph analysis: MRO, community detection, process extraction.
  *
  * @reads  graph (all nodes and relationships from parse + resolve phases)
- * @writes graph (Community nodes, Process nodes, MEMBER_OF edges, STEP_IN_PROCESS edges, OVERRIDES edges)
+ * @writes graph (Community nodes, Process nodes, MEMBER_OF edges, STEP_IN_PROCESS edges, METHOD_OVERRIDES edges)
  */
 async function runGraphAnalysisPhases(
   graph: ReturnType<typeof createKnowledgeGraph>,
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ async function runGraphAnalysisPhases(
   const mroResult = computeMRO(graph);
   if (isDev && mroResult.entries.length > 0) {
     console.log(
-      `🔀 MRO: ${mroResult.entries.length} classes analyzed, ${mroResult.ambiguityCount} ambiguities found, ${mroResult.overrideEdges} OVERRIDES edges`,
+      `🔀 MRO: ${mroResult.entries.length} classes analyzed, ${mroResult.ambiguityCount} ambiguities, ${mroResult.overrideEdges} METHOD_OVERRIDES, ${mroResult.methodImplementsEdges} METHOD_IMPLEMENTS`,
     );
   }
 
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-env.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-env.ts
index 02ec8c3a6..6bd469bee 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-env.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-env.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import {
   type SyntaxNode,
   FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES,
-  extractFunctionName,
   CLASS_CONTAINER_TYPES,
+  genericFuncName,
 } from './utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import { CALL_EXPRESSION_TYPES } from './utils/call-analysis.js';
 import { SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ const lookupInEnv = (
   callNode: SyntaxNode,
   patternOverrides?: PatternOverrides,
   enclosingFunctionFinder?: (n: SyntaxNode) => { funcName: string; label: NodeLabel } | null,
+  extractFunctionNameHook?: (n: SyntaxNode) => { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } | null,
 ): string | undefined => {
   // Self/this receiver: resolve to enclosing class name via AST walk
   if (varName === 'self' || varName === 'this' || varName === '$this') {
@@ -145,7 +146,11 @@ const lookupInEnv = (
   }
 
   // Determine the enclosing function scope for the call
-  const scopeKey = findEnclosingScopeKey(callNode, enclosingFunctionFinder);
+  const scopeKey = findEnclosingScopeKey(
+    callNode,
+    enclosingFunctionFinder,
+    extractFunctionNameHook,
+  );
 
   // Check position-indexed pattern overrides first (e.g., Kotlin when/is smart casts).
   // These take priority over flat scopeEnv because they represent per-branch narrowing.
@@ -361,11 +366,12 @@ const extractParentClassFromNode = (classNode: SyntaxNode): string | undefined =
 const findEnclosingScopeKey = (
   node: SyntaxNode,
   enclosingFunctionFinder?: (n: SyntaxNode) => { funcName: string; label: NodeLabel } | null,
+  extractFunctionNameHook?: (n: SyntaxNode) => { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } | null,
 ): string | undefined => {
   let current = node.parent;
   while (current) {
     if (FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.has(current.type)) {
-      const { funcName } = extractFunctionName(current);
+      const funcName = extractFunctionNameHook?.(current)?.funcName ?? genericFuncName(current);
       if (funcName) return `${funcName}@${current.startIndex}`;
     }
     // Language-specific hook (e.g., Dart function_body → sibling function_signature)
@@ -621,7 +627,15 @@ const resolveMethodReturnType = (
   parentMap?: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly string[]>,
 ): string | undefined => {
   if (!symbolTable) return undefined;
-  const receiverType = scopeEnv.get(receiver);
+  let receiverType = scopeEnv.get(receiver);
+  // When substituteThisReceiver replaced $this/self with the enclosing class name,
+  // the receiver IS the type — look it up directly as a class name.
+  if (!receiverType) {
+    const lookup =
+      getClassDefs ??
+      ((name: string) => symbolTable.lookupFuzzy(name).filter((d) => CLASS_LIKE_TYPES.has(d.type)));
+    if (lookup(receiver).length > 0) receiverType = receiver;
+  }
   if (!receiverType) return undefined;
   const lookup =
     getClassDefs ??
@@ -765,6 +779,11 @@ export interface BuildTypeEnvOptions {
   enclosingFunctionFinder?: (
     ancestorNode: SyntaxNode,
   ) => { funcName: string; label: NodeLabel } | null;
+  /** Language-specific function name extraction from an AST node.
+   *  Replaces the generic name-field lookup for languages with non-standard
+   *  AST structures (C/C++ declarator unwrapping, Swift init/deinit, etc.).
+   *  When null is returned or not provided, falls back to node.childForFieldName('name')?.text. */
+  extractFunctionName?: (node: SyntaxNode) => { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } | null;
 }
 
 /** Seed cross-file type bindings into the file scope.
@@ -794,6 +813,7 @@ export const buildTypeEnv = (
 
   const symbolTable = options?.symbolTable;
   const parentMap = options?.parentMap;
+  const extractFuncNameHook = options?.extractFunctionName;
   const env: TypeEnv = new Map();
   const patternOverrides: PatternOverrides = new Map();
   // Phase P: maps `scope\0varName` → constructor type when a declaration has BOTH
@@ -1057,7 +1077,7 @@ export const buildTypeEnv = (
     // Detect scope boundaries (function/method definitions)
     let scope = currentScope;
     if (FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.has(node.type)) {
-      const { funcName } = extractFunctionName(node);
+      const funcName = extractFuncNameHook?.(node)?.funcName ?? genericFuncName(node);
       if (funcName) scope = `${funcName}@${node.startIndex}`;
     }
 
@@ -1206,7 +1226,14 @@ export const buildTypeEnv = (
 
   return {
     lookup: (varName, callNode) =>
-      lookupInEnv(env, varName, callNode, patternOverrides, options?.enclosingFunctionFinder),
+      lookupInEnv(
+        env,
+        varName,
+        callNode,
+        patternOverrides,
+        options?.enclosingFunctionFinder,
+        extractFuncNameHook,
+      ),
     constructorBindings: bindings,
     fileScope: () => env.get(FILE_SCOPE) ?? EMPTY_FILE_SCOPE,
     allScopes: () => env as ReadonlyMap<string, ReadonlyMap<string, string>>,
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/php.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/php.ts
index c33c9b9b2..ca517ee90 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/php.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/php.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import type {
   InitializerExtractor,
   ClassNameLookup,
   ConstructorBindingScanner,
-  ReturnTypeExtractor,
   PendingAssignmentExtractor,
   ForLoopExtractor,
 } from './types.js';
@@ -337,60 +336,6 @@ const scanConstructorBinding: ConstructorBindingScanner = (node) => {
   return undefined;
 };
 
-/** Regex to extract PHPDoc @return annotations: `@return User` */
-const PHPDOC_RETURN_RE = /@return\s+(\S+)/;
-
-/**
- * Normalize a PHPDoc return type for storage in the SymbolTable.
- * Unlike normalizePhpType (which strips User[] → User for scopeEnv), this preserves
- * array notation so lookupRawReturnType can extract element types for for-loop resolution.
- *   \App\Models\User[] → User[]
- *   ?User → User
- *   Collection<User> → Collection<User>  (preserved for extractElementTypeFromString)
- */
-const normalizePhpReturnType = (raw: string): string | undefined => {
-  // Strip nullable prefix: ?User[] → User[]
-  let type = raw.startsWith('?') ? raw.slice(1) : raw;
-  // Strip union with null/false/void: User[]|null → User[]
-  const parts = type
-    .split('|')
-    .filter((p) => p !== 'null' && p !== 'false' && p !== 'void' && p !== 'mixed');
-  if (parts.length !== 1) return undefined;
-  type = parts[0];
-  // Strip namespace: \App\Models\User[] → User[]
-  const segments = type.split('\\');
-  type = segments[segments.length - 1];
-  // Skip uninformative types
-  if (
-    type === 'mixed' ||
-    type === 'void' ||
-    type === 'self' ||
-    type === 'static' ||
-    type === 'object' ||
-    type === 'array'
-  )
-    return undefined;
-  if (/^\w+(\[\])?$/.test(type) || /^\w+\s*</.test(type)) return type;
-  return undefined;
-};
-
-/**
- * Extract return type from PHPDoc `@return Type` annotation preceding a method.
- * Walks backwards through preceding siblings looking for comment nodes.
- * Preserves array notation (e.g., User[]) for for-loop element type extraction.
- */
-const extractReturnType: ReturnTypeExtractor = (node) => {
-  let sibling = node.previousSibling;
-  while (sibling) {
-    if (sibling.type === 'comment') {
-      const match = PHPDOC_RETURN_RE.exec(sibling.text);
-      if (match) return normalizePhpReturnType(match[1]);
-    } else if (sibling.isNamed && !SKIP_NODE_TYPES.has(sibling.type)) break;
-    sibling = sibling.previousSibling;
-  }
-  return undefined;
-};
-
 /** PHP: $alias = $user → assignment_expression with variable_name left/right.
  *  PHP TypeEnv stores variables WITH $ prefix ($user → User), so we keep $ in lhs/rhs. */
 const extractPendingAssignment: PendingAssignmentExtractor = (node, scopeEnv) => {
@@ -605,7 +550,6 @@ export const typeConfig: LanguageTypeConfig = {
   extractParameter,
   extractInitializer,
   scanConstructorBinding,
-  extractReturnType,
   extractForLoopBinding,
   extractPendingAssignment,
 };
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/ruby.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/ruby.ts
index 4cef12d53..b6fe6ecdc 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/ruby.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/ruby.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import type {
   TypeBindingExtractor,
   InitializerExtractor,
   ConstructorBindingScanner,
-  ReturnTypeExtractor,
   PendingAssignmentExtractor,
   ForLoopExtractor,
 } from './types.js';
@@ -43,9 +42,6 @@ const YARD_PARAM_RE = /@param\s+(\w+)\s+\[([^\]]+)\]/g;
 /** Alternate YARD order: `@param [Type] name` */
 const YARD_PARAM_ALT_RE = /@param\s+\[([^\]]+)\]\s+(\w+)/g;
 
-/** Regex to extract @return annotations: `@return [Type]` */
-const YARD_RETURN_RE = /@return\s+\[([^\]]+)\]/;
-
 /**
  * Extract the simple type name from a YARD type string.
  * Handles:
@@ -229,35 +225,6 @@ const extractInitializer: InitializerExtractor = (node, env, classNames): void =
   }
 };
 
-/**
- * Extract return type from YARD `@return [Type]` annotation preceding a method.
- * Reuses the same comment-walking strategy as collectYardParams: try direct
- * siblings first, fall back to parent (body_statement) siblings for class methods.
- */
-const extractReturnType: ReturnTypeExtractor = (node) => {
-  const search = (startNode: SyntaxNode): string | undefined => {
-    let sibling = startNode.previousSibling;
-    while (sibling) {
-      if (sibling.type === 'comment') {
-        const match = YARD_RETURN_RE.exec(sibling.text);
-        if (match) return extractYardTypeName(match[1]);
-      } else if (sibling.isNamed) {
-        break;
-      }
-      sibling = sibling.previousSibling;
-    }
-    return undefined;
-  };
-
-  const result = search(node);
-  if (result) return result;
-
-  if (node.parent?.type === 'body_statement') {
-    return search(node.parent);
-  }
-  return undefined;
-};
-
 /**
  * Ruby constructor binding scanner: captures both `user = User.new` and
  * plain call assignments like `user = get_user()`.
@@ -452,7 +419,6 @@ export const typeConfig: LanguageTypeConfig = {
   extractParameter,
   extractInitializer,
   scanConstructorBinding,
-  extractReturnType,
   extractForLoopBinding,
   extractPendingAssignment,
 };
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/types.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/types.ts
index d232ec448..85da9d21a 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/types.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/types.ts
@@ -30,11 +30,6 @@ export type ConstructorBindingScanner = (
   node: SyntaxNode,
 ) => { varName: string; calleeName: string; receiverClassName?: string } | undefined;
 
-/** Extracts a return type string from a method/function definition node.
- *  Used for languages where return types are expressed in comments (e.g. YARD @return [Type])
- *  rather than in AST fields. Returns undefined if no return type can be determined. */
-export type ReturnTypeExtractor = (node: SyntaxNode) => string | undefined;
-
 /** Infer the type name of a literal AST node for overload disambiguation.
  *  Returns the canonical type name (e.g. 'int', 'String', 'boolean') or undefined
  *  for non-literal nodes. Only used when resolveCallTarget has multiple candidates
@@ -170,9 +165,6 @@ export interface LanguageTypeConfig {
    *  Called on every AST node during buildTypeEnv walk; returns undefined for non-matches.
    *  The callee binding is unverified — the caller must confirm against the SymbolTable. */
   scanConstructorBinding?: ConstructorBindingScanner;
-  /** Extract return type from comment-based annotations (e.g. YARD @return [Type]).
-   *  Called as fallback when extractMethodSignature finds no AST-based return type. */
-  extractReturnType?: ReturnTypeExtractor;
   /** Extract loop variable → type binding from a for-each AST node. */
   extractForLoopBinding?: ForLoopExtractor;
   /** Extract pending assignment for Tier 2 propagation.
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/typescript.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/typescript.ts
index a2d17c5fc..fcc58cff4 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/typescript.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/type-extractors/typescript.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import type {
   InitializerExtractor,
   ClassNameLookup,
   ConstructorBindingScanner,
-  ReturnTypeExtractor,
   PendingAssignmentExtractor,
   PendingAssignment,
   ForLoopExtractor,
@@ -198,44 +197,6 @@ const scanConstructorBinding: ConstructorBindingScanner = (node) => {
   return { varName: nameNode.text, calleeName };
 };
 
-/** Regex to extract @returns or @return from JSDoc comments: `@returns {Type}` */
-const JSDOC_RETURN_RE = /@returns?\s*\{([^}]+)\}/;
-
-/**
- * Minimal sanitization for JSDoc return types — preserves generic wrappers
- * (e.g. `Promise<User>`) so that extractReturnTypeName in call-processor
- * can apply WRAPPER_GENERICS unwrapping. Unlike normalizeJsDocType (which
- * strips generics), this only strips JSDoc-specific syntax markers.
- */
-const sanitizeReturnType = (raw: string): string | undefined => {
-  let type = raw.trim();
-  // Strip JSDoc nullable/non-nullable prefixes: ?User → User, !User → User
-  if (type.startsWith('?') || type.startsWith('!')) type = type.slice(1);
-  // Strip module: prefix — module:models.User → models.User
-  if (type.startsWith('module:')) type = type.slice(7);
-  // Reject unions (ambiguous)
-  if (type.includes('|')) return undefined;
-  if (!type) return undefined;
-  return type;
-};
-
-/**
- * Extract return type from JSDoc `@returns {Type}` or `@return {Type}` annotation
- * preceding a function/method definition. Walks backwards through preceding siblings
- * looking for comment nodes containing the annotation.
- */
-const extractReturnType: ReturnTypeExtractor = (node) => {
-  let sibling = node.previousSibling;
-  while (sibling) {
-    if (sibling.type === 'comment') {
-      const match = JSDOC_RETURN_RE.exec(sibling.text);
-      if (match) return sanitizeReturnType(match[1]);
-    } else if (sibling.isNamed && sibling.type !== 'decorator') break;
-    sibling = sibling.previousSibling;
-  }
-  return undefined;
-};
-
 const FOR_LOOP_NODE_TYPES: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(['for_in_statement']);
 
 /** TS function/method node types that carry a parameters list. */
@@ -742,7 +703,6 @@ export const typeConfig: LanguageTypeConfig = {
   extractParameter,
   extractInitializer,
   scanConstructorBinding,
-  extractReturnType,
   extractForLoopBinding,
   extractPendingAssignment,
   extractPatternBinding,
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils/ast-helpers.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils/ast-helpers.ts
index 0bce8d926..825600ddd 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils/ast-helpers.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils/ast-helpers.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import type Parser from 'tree-sitter';
 import type { NodeLabel } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import type { LanguageProvider } from '../language-provider.js';
 import { generateId } from '../../../lib/utils.js';
-import { extractSimpleTypeName } from '../type-extractors/shared.js';
 
 /** Tree-sitter AST node. Re-exported for use across ingestion modules. */
 export type SyntaxNode = Parser.SyntaxNode;
@@ -48,7 +47,13 @@ export const getDefinitionNodeFromCaptures = (
 
 /**
  * Node types that represent function/method definitions across languages.
- * Used to find the enclosing function for a call site.
+ * Used by parent-walk in call-processor, parse-worker, and type-env to detect
+ * enclosing function scope boundaries.
+ *
+ * INVARIANT: This set MUST be a superset of every language's
+ * MethodExtractionConfig.methodNodeTypes. When adding a new node type to a
+ * MethodExtractor config, add it here too — otherwise enclosing-function
+ * resolution will silently miss that node type during parent-walks.
  */
 export const FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES = new Set([
   // TypeScript/JavaScript
@@ -91,18 +96,6 @@ export const FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES = new Set([
   'method_signature',
 ]);
 
-/**
- * Node types for standard function declarations that need C/C++ declarator handling.
- * Used by extractFunctionName to determine how to extract the function name.
- */
-export const FUNCTION_DECLARATION_TYPES = new Set([
-  'function_declaration',
-  'function_definition',
-  'async_function_declaration',
-  'generator_function_declaration',
-  'function_item',
-]);
-
 /**
  * AST node types that represent a class-like container (for HAS_METHOD edge extraction).
  *
@@ -165,20 +158,6 @@ export const CONTAINER_TYPE_TO_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
   companion_object: 'Class',
 };
 
-/** Check if a Kotlin function_declaration capture is inside a class_body (i.e., a method).
- *  Kotlin grammar uses function_declaration for both top-level functions and class methods.
- *  Returns true when the captured definition node has a class_body ancestor. */
-export function isKotlinClassMethod(
-  captureNode: { parent?: SyntaxNode | null } | null | undefined,
-): boolean {
-  let ancestor = captureNode?.parent;
-  while (ancestor) {
-    if (ancestor.type === 'class_body') return true;
-    ancestor = ancestor.parent;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
 /**
  * Determine the graph node label from a tree-sitter capture map.
  * Handles language-specific reclassification via the provider's labelOverride hook
@@ -337,7 +316,17 @@ export const findEnclosingClassInfo = (
             c.type === 'constant',
         );
       if (nameNode) {
-        const label = CONTAINER_TYPE_TO_LABEL[current.type] || 'Class';
+        let label = CONTAINER_TYPE_TO_LABEL[current.type] || 'Class';
+        // Kotlin: class_declaration with an anonymous "interface" keyword child
+        // is actually an interface, not a class. Refine the label to match the
+        // node ID generated from the tree-sitter query capture (@definition.interface).
+        if (
+          current.type === 'class_declaration' &&
+          label === 'Class' &&
+          current.children?.some((c: SyntaxNode) => c.type === 'interface')
+        ) {
+          label = 'Interface';
+        }
         return {
           classId: generateId(label, `${filePath}:${nameNode.text}`),
           className: nameNode.text,
@@ -375,553 +364,49 @@ export const findSiblingChild = (
   return null;
 };
 
-/**
- * Extract function name and label from a function_definition or similar AST node.
- * Handles C/C++ qualified_identifier (ClassName::MethodName) and other language patterns.
- */
-export const extractFunctionName = (
-  node: SyntaxNode,
-): { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } => {
-  let funcName: string | null = null;
-  let label: NodeLabel = 'Function';
-
-  // Swift init/deinit
-  if (node.type === 'init_declaration' || node.type === 'deinit_declaration') {
-    return {
-      funcName: node.type === 'init_declaration' ? 'init' : 'deinit',
-      label: 'Constructor',
-    };
+/** Generic name extraction from a function-like AST node.
+ *  Tries `node.childForFieldName('name')?.text`, then scans children for
+ *  `identifier` / `property_identifier` / `simple_identifier`. */
+export const genericFuncName = (node: SyntaxNode): string | null => {
+  const nameField = node.childForFieldName?.('name');
+  if (nameField) return nameField.text;
+  for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
+    const c = node.child(i);
+    if (
+      c?.type === 'identifier' ||
+      c?.type === 'property_identifier' ||
+      c?.type === 'simple_identifier'
+    )
+      return c.text;
   }
-
-  if (FUNCTION_DECLARATION_TYPES.has(node.type)) {
-    // C/C++: function_definition -> [pointer_declarator ->] function_declarator -> qualified_identifier/identifier
-    // Unwrap pointer_declarator / reference_declarator wrappers to reach function_declarator
-    let declarator = node.childForFieldName?.('declarator');
-    if (!declarator) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
-        const c = node.child(i);
-        if (c?.type === 'function_declarator') {
-          declarator = c;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    while (
-      declarator &&
-      (declarator.type === 'pointer_declarator' || declarator.type === 'reference_declarator')
-    ) {
-      let nextDeclarator = declarator.childForFieldName?.('declarator');
-      if (!nextDeclarator) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < declarator.childCount; i++) {
-          const c = declarator.child(i);
-          if (
-            c?.type === 'function_declarator' ||
-            c?.type === 'pointer_declarator' ||
-            c?.type === 'reference_declarator'
-          ) {
-            nextDeclarator = c;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      declarator = nextDeclarator;
-    }
-    if (declarator) {
-      let innerDeclarator = declarator.childForFieldName?.('declarator');
-      if (!innerDeclarator) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < declarator.childCount; i++) {
-          const c = declarator.child(i);
-          if (
-            c?.type === 'qualified_identifier' ||
-            c?.type === 'identifier' ||
-            c?.type === 'field_identifier' ||
-            c?.type === 'parenthesized_declarator'
-          ) {
-            innerDeclarator = c;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (innerDeclarator?.type === 'qualified_identifier') {
-        let nameNode = innerDeclarator.childForFieldName?.('name');
-        if (!nameNode) {
-          for (let i = 0; i < innerDeclarator.childCount; i++) {
-            const c = innerDeclarator.child(i);
-            if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
-              nameNode = c;
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if (nameNode?.text) {
-          funcName = nameNode.text;
-          label = 'Method';
-        }
-      } else if (
-        innerDeclarator?.type === 'identifier' ||
-        innerDeclarator?.type === 'field_identifier'
-      ) {
-        // field_identifier is used for method names inside C++ class bodies
-        funcName = innerDeclarator.text;
-        if (innerDeclarator.type === 'field_identifier') label = 'Method';
-      } else if (innerDeclarator?.type === 'parenthesized_declarator') {
-        let nestedId: SyntaxNode | null = null;
-        for (let i = 0; i < innerDeclarator.childCount; i++) {
-          const c = innerDeclarator.child(i);
-          if (c?.type === 'qualified_identifier' || c?.type === 'identifier') {
-            nestedId = c;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if (nestedId?.type === 'qualified_identifier') {
-          let nameNode = nestedId.childForFieldName?.('name');
-          if (!nameNode) {
-            for (let i = 0; i < nestedId.childCount; i++) {
-              const c = nestedId.child(i);
-              if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
-                nameNode = c;
-                break;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          if (nameNode?.text) {
-            funcName = nameNode.text;
-            label = 'Method';
-          }
-        } else if (nestedId?.type === 'identifier') {
-          funcName = nestedId.text;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Fallback for other languages (Kotlin uses simple_identifier, Swift uses simple_identifier)
-    if (!funcName) {
-      let nameNode = node.childForFieldName?.('name');
-      if (!nameNode) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
-          const c = node.child(i);
-          if (
-            c?.type === 'identifier' ||
-            c?.type === 'property_identifier' ||
-            c?.type === 'simple_identifier'
-          ) {
-            nameNode = c;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      funcName = nameNode?.text;
-    }
-  } else if (node.type === 'impl_item') {
-    let funcItem: SyntaxNode | null = null;
-    for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
-      const c = node.child(i);
-      if (c?.type === 'function_item') {
-        funcItem = c;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (funcItem) {
-      let nameNode = funcItem.childForFieldName?.('name');
-      if (!nameNode) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < funcItem.childCount; i++) {
-          const c = funcItem.child(i);
-          if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
-            nameNode = c;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      funcName = nameNode?.text;
-      label = 'Method';
-    }
-  } else if (node.type === 'method_definition') {
-    let nameNode = node.childForFieldName?.('name');
-    if (!nameNode) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
-        const c = node.child(i);
-        if (c?.type === 'property_identifier') {
-          nameNode = c;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    funcName = nameNode?.text;
-    label = 'Method';
-  } else if (node.type === 'method_declaration' || node.type === 'constructor_declaration') {
-    let nameNode = node.childForFieldName?.('name');
-    if (!nameNode) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
-        const c = node.child(i);
-        if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
-          nameNode = c;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    funcName = nameNode?.text;
-    label = 'Method';
-  } else if (node.type === 'arrow_function' || node.type === 'function_expression') {
-    const parent = node.parent;
-    if (parent?.type === 'variable_declarator') {
-      let nameNode = parent.childForFieldName?.('name');
-      if (!nameNode) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < parent.childCount; i++) {
-          const c = parent.child(i);
-          if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
-            nameNode = c;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      funcName = nameNode?.text;
-    }
-  } else if (node.type === 'method' || node.type === 'singleton_method') {
-    let nameNode = node.childForFieldName?.('name');
-    if (!nameNode) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
-        const c = node.child(i);
-        if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
-          nameNode = c;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    funcName = nameNode?.text;
-    label = 'Method';
-  } else if (node.type === 'function_signature') {
-    // Dart: top-level function signatures
-    let nameNode = node.childForFieldName?.('name');
-    if (!nameNode) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
-        const c = node.child(i);
-        if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
-          nameNode = c;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    funcName = nameNode?.text ?? null;
-  } else if (node.type === 'method_signature') {
-    // Dart: method_signature wraps function_signature
-    let funcSig: SyntaxNode | null = null;
-    for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
-      const c = node.child(i);
-      if (c?.type === 'function_signature') {
-        funcSig = c;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (funcSig) {
-      let nameNode = funcSig.childForFieldName?.('name');
-      if (!nameNode) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < funcSig.childCount; i++) {
-          const c = funcSig.child(i);
-          if (c?.type === 'identifier') {
-            nameNode = c;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      funcName = nameNode?.text ?? null;
-    }
-    label = 'Method';
-  }
-
-  return { funcName, label };
+  return null;
 };
 
-export interface MethodSignature {
-  parameterCount: number | undefined;
-  /** Number of required (non-optional, non-default) parameters.
-   *  Only set when fewer than parameterCount — enables range-based arity filtering.
-   *  undefined means all parameters are required (or metadata unavailable). */
-  requiredParameterCount: number | undefined;
-  /** Per-parameter type names extracted via extractSimpleTypeName.
-   *  Only populated for languages with method overloading (Java, Kotlin, C#, C++).
-   *  undefined (not []) when no types are extractable — avoids empty array allocations. */
-  parameterTypes: string[] | undefined;
-  returnType: string | undefined;
-}
+/** AST node types that represent a method definition (for `inferFunctionLabel`). */
+export const METHOD_LABEL_NODE_TYPES = new Set([
+  'method_definition',
+  'method_declaration',
+  'method',
+  'singleton_method',
+]);
 
-/** Argument list node types shared between extractMethodSignature and countCallArguments. */
+/** AST node types that represent a constructor definition (for `inferFunctionLabel`). */
+export const CONSTRUCTOR_LABEL_NODE_TYPES = new Set([
+  'constructor_declaration',
+  'compact_constructor_declaration',
+]);
+
+/** Infer node label from AST node type for function-like nodes without a provider hook. */
+export const inferFunctionLabel = (nodeType: string): NodeLabel =>
+  METHOD_LABEL_NODE_TYPES.has(nodeType)
+    ? 'Method'
+    : CONSTRUCTOR_LABEL_NODE_TYPES.has(nodeType)
+      ? 'Constructor'
+      : 'Function';
+
+/** Argument list node types shared between countCallArguments and call-resolution helpers. */
 export const CALL_ARGUMENT_LIST_TYPES = new Set(['arguments', 'argument_list', 'value_arguments']);
 
-/**
- * Extract parameter count and return type text from an AST method/function node.
- * Works across languages by looking for common AST patterns.
- */
-export const extractMethodSignature = (node: SyntaxNode | null | undefined): MethodSignature => {
-  let parameterCount: number | undefined = 0;
-  let requiredCount = 0;
-  let returnType: string | undefined;
-  let isVariadic = false;
-  const paramTypes: string[] = [];
-
-  if (!node)
-    return {
-      parameterCount,
-      requiredParameterCount: undefined,
-      parameterTypes: undefined,
-      returnType,
-    };
-
-  const paramListTypes = new Set([
-    'formal_parameters',
-    'parameters',
-    'parameter_list',
-    'function_parameters',
-    'method_parameters',
-    'function_value_parameters',
-    'formal_parameter_list', // Dart
-  ]);
-
-  // Node types that indicate variadic/rest parameters
-  const VARIADIC_PARAM_TYPES = new Set([
-    'variadic_parameter_declaration', // Go: ...string
-    'variadic_parameter', // Rust: extern "C" fn(...)
-    'spread_parameter', // Java: Object... args
-    'list_splat_pattern', // Python: *args
-    'dictionary_splat_pattern', // Python: **kwargs
-  ]);
-
-  /** AST node types that represent parameters with default values. */
-  const OPTIONAL_PARAM_TYPES = new Set([
-    'optional_parameter', // TypeScript, Ruby: (x?: number), (x: number = 5), def f(x = 5)
-    'default_parameter', // Python: def f(x=5)
-    'typed_default_parameter', // Python: def f(x: int = 5)
-    'optional_parameter_declaration', // C++: void f(int x = 5)
-  ]);
-
-  /** Check if a parameter node has a default value (handles Kotlin, C#, Swift, PHP
-   *  where defaults are expressed as child nodes rather than distinct node types). */
-  const hasDefaultValue = (paramNode: SyntaxNode): boolean => {
-    if (OPTIONAL_PARAM_TYPES.has(paramNode.type)) return true;
-    // C#, Swift, PHP: check for '=' token or equals_value_clause child
-    for (let i = 0; i < paramNode.childCount; i++) {
-      const c = paramNode.child(i);
-      if (!c) continue;
-      if (c.type === '=' || c.type === 'equals_value_clause') return true;
-    }
-    // Kotlin: default values are siblings of the parameter node, not children.
-    // The AST is: parameter, =, <literal>  — all at function_value_parameters level.
-    // Check if the immediately following sibling is '=' (default value separator).
-    const sib = paramNode.nextSibling;
-    if (sib && sib.type === '=') return true;
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  const findParameterList = (current: SyntaxNode): SyntaxNode | null => {
-    for (const child of current.children) {
-      if (paramListTypes.has(child.type)) return child;
-    }
-    for (const child of current.children) {
-      const nested = findParameterList(child);
-      if (nested) return nested;
-    }
-    return null;
-  };
-
-  const parameterList = paramListTypes.has(node.type)
-    ? node // node itself IS the parameter list (e.g. C# primary constructors)
-    : (node.childForFieldName?.('parameters') ?? findParameterList(node));
-
-  if (parameterList && paramListTypes.has(parameterList.type)) {
-    for (const param of parameterList.namedChildren) {
-      if (param.type === 'comment') continue;
-      if (
-        param.text === 'self' ||
-        param.text === '&self' ||
-        param.text === '&mut self' ||
-        param.type === 'self_parameter'
-      ) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      // TypeScript: `this` parameter is a compile-time type constraint, not a real param
-      // e.g., handle(this: void, event: Event) — only count 'event'
-      if (param.type === 'required_parameter') {
-        const patternNode = param.childForFieldName('pattern');
-        if (patternNode?.type === 'this') continue;
-      }
-      // Kotlin: default values are siblings of the parameter node inside
-      // function_value_parameters, so they appear as named children (e.g.
-      // string_literal, integer_literal, boolean_literal, call_expression).
-      // Skip any named child that isn't a parameter-like or modifier node.
-      if (
-        param.type.endsWith('_literal') ||
-        param.type === 'call_expression' ||
-        param.type === 'navigation_expression' ||
-        param.type === 'prefix_expression' ||
-        param.type === 'parenthesized_expression'
-      ) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      // Check for variadic parameter types
-      if (VARIADIC_PARAM_TYPES.has(param.type)) {
-        isVariadic = true;
-        continue;
-      }
-      // TypeScript/JavaScript: rest parameter — required_parameter containing rest_pattern
-      if (param.type === 'required_parameter' || param.type === 'optional_parameter') {
-        for (const child of param.children) {
-          if (child.type === 'rest_pattern') {
-            isVariadic = true;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if (isVariadic) continue;
-      }
-      // Kotlin: vararg modifier on a regular parameter
-      if (param.type === 'parameter' || param.type === 'formal_parameter') {
-        const prev = param.previousSibling;
-        if (prev?.type === 'parameter_modifiers' && prev.text.includes('vararg')) {
-          isVariadic = true;
-        }
-      }
-      // Extract parameter type name for overload disambiguation.
-      // Works for Java (formal_parameter), Kotlin (parameter), C# (parameter),
-      // C++ (parameter_declaration). Uses childForFieldName('type') which is the
-      // standard tree-sitter field for typed parameters across these languages.
-      // Kotlin uses positional children instead of 'type' field — fall back to
-      // searching for user_type/nullable_type/predefined_type children.
-      const paramTypeNode = param.childForFieldName('type');
-      if (paramTypeNode) {
-        const typeName = extractSimpleTypeName(paramTypeNode);
-        paramTypes.push(typeName ?? 'unknown');
-      } else {
-        // Kotlin: parameter → [simple_identifier, user_type|nullable_type]
-        let found = false;
-        for (const child of param.namedChildren) {
-          if (
-            child.type === 'user_type' ||
-            child.type === 'nullable_type' ||
-            child.type === 'type_identifier' ||
-            child.type === 'predefined_type'
-          ) {
-            const typeName = extractSimpleTypeName(child);
-            paramTypes.push(typeName ?? 'unknown');
-            found = true;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if (!found) paramTypes.push('unknown');
-      }
-      if (!hasDefaultValue(param)) requiredCount++;
-      parameterCount++;
-    }
-    // C/C++: bare `...` token in parameter list (not a named child — check all children)
-    if (!isVariadic) {
-      for (const child of parameterList.children) {
-        if (!child.isNamed && child.text === '...') {
-          isVariadic = true;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Swift fallback: tree-sitter-swift places `parameter` nodes as direct children of
-  // function_declaration without a wrapping parameters/function_parameters list node.
-  // When no parameter list was found, count direct `parameter` children on the node.
-  if (!parameterList && parameterCount === 0) {
-    for (const child of node.namedChildren) {
-      if (child.type === 'parameter') {
-        if (!hasDefaultValue(child)) requiredCount++;
-        parameterCount++;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Return type extraction — language-specific field names
-  // Go: 'result' field is either a type_identifier or parameter_list (multi-return)
-  const goResult = node.childForFieldName?.('result');
-  if (goResult) {
-    if (goResult.type === 'parameter_list') {
-      // Multi-return: extract first parameter's type only (e.g. (*User, error) → *User)
-      const firstParam = goResult.firstNamedChild;
-      if (firstParam?.type === 'parameter_declaration') {
-        const typeNode = firstParam.childForFieldName('type');
-        if (typeNode) returnType = typeNode.text;
-      } else if (firstParam) {
-        // Unnamed return types: (string, error) — first child is a bare type node
-        returnType = firstParam.text;
-      }
-    } else {
-      returnType = goResult.text;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Rust: 'return_type' field — the value IS the type node (e.g. primitive_type, type_identifier).
-  // Skip if the node is a type_annotation (TS/Python), which is handled by the generic loop below.
-  if (!returnType) {
-    const rustReturn = node.childForFieldName?.('return_type');
-    if (rustReturn && rustReturn.type !== 'type_annotation') {
-      returnType = rustReturn.text;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // C/C++: 'type' field on function_definition
-  if (!returnType) {
-    const cppType = node.childForFieldName?.('type');
-    if (cppType && cppType.text !== 'void') {
-      returnType = cppType.text;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // C#: 'returns' field on method_declaration
-  if (!returnType) {
-    const csReturn = node.childForFieldName?.('returns');
-    if (csReturn && csReturn.text !== 'void') {
-      returnType = csReturn.text;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // TS/Rust/Python/C#/Kotlin: type_annotation or return_type child
-  if (!returnType) {
-    for (const child of node.children) {
-      if (child.type === 'type_annotation' || child.type === 'return_type') {
-        const typeNode = child.children.find((c) => c.isNamed);
-        if (typeNode) returnType = typeNode.text;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Kotlin: fun getUser(): User — return type is a bare user_type child of
-  // function_declaration. The Kotlin grammar does NOT wrap it in type_annotation
-  // or return_type; it appears as a direct child after function_value_parameters.
-  // Note: Kotlin uses function_value_parameters (not a field), so we find it by type.
-  if (!returnType) {
-    let paramsEnd = -1;
-    for (let i = 0; i < node.childCount; i++) {
-      const child = node.child(i);
-      if (!child) continue;
-      if (child.type === 'function_value_parameters' || child.type === 'value_parameters') {
-        paramsEnd = child.endIndex;
-      }
-      if (paramsEnd >= 0 && child.type === 'user_type' && child.startIndex > paramsEnd) {
-        returnType = child.text;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (isVariadic) parameterCount = undefined;
-
-  // Only include parameterTypes when at least one type was successfully extracted.
-  // Use undefined (not []) to avoid empty array allocations for untyped parameters.
-  const hasTypes = paramTypes.length > 0 && paramTypes.some((t) => t !== 'unknown');
-  // Only set requiredParameterCount when it differs from total — saves memory on the common case.
-  const requiredParameterCount =
-    !isVariadic && requiredCount < (parameterCount ?? 0) ? requiredCount : undefined;
-  return {
-    parameterCount,
-    requiredParameterCount,
-    parameterTypes: hasTypes ? paramTypes : undefined,
-    returnType,
-  };
-};
-
 // ============================================================================
 // Generic AST traversal helpers (shared by parse-worker + php-helpers)
 // ============================================================================
@@ -945,18 +430,6 @@ export function extractStringContent(node: SyntaxNode | null | undefined): strin
   return null;
 }
 
-/** Check if a C/C++ function_definition is inside a class or struct body.
- *  Used by the C/C++ labelOverride to skip duplicate function captures
- *  that are already covered by definition.method queries. */
-export function isCppInsideClassOrStruct(functionNode: SyntaxNode): boolean {
-  let ancestor: SyntaxNode | null = functionNode?.parent ?? null;
-  while (ancestor) {
-    if (ancestor.type === 'class_specifier' || ancestor.type === 'struct_specifier') return true;
-    ancestor = ancestor.parent;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
 /** Find the first direct named child of a tree-sitter node matching the given type. */
 export function findChild(node: SyntaxNode, type: string): SyntaxNode | null {
   for (let i = 0; i < node.namedChildCount; i++) {
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils/method-props.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils/method-props.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7eb98004d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/utils/method-props.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import type { MethodInfo } from '../method-types.js';
+
+/**
+ * Compute arity for ID-generation purposes.
+ * Returns `undefined` when any parameter is variadic (arity is indeterminate).
+ */
+export function arityForIdFromInfo(info: MethodInfo): number | undefined {
+  return info.parameters.some((p) => p.isVariadic) ? undefined : info.parameters.length;
+}
+
+/** Convert MethodInfo from methodExtractor into flat properties for a graph node. */
+export function buildMethodProps(info: MethodInfo): Record<string, unknown> {
+  const types: string[] = [];
+  let optionalCount = 0;
+  let hasVariadic = false;
+  for (const p of info.parameters) {
+    if (p.type !== null) types.push(p.type);
+    if (p.isOptional) optionalCount++;
+    if (p.isVariadic) hasVariadic = true;
+  }
+  return {
+    parameterCount: hasVariadic ? undefined : info.parameters.length,
+    ...(!hasVariadic && optionalCount > 0
+      ? { requiredParameterCount: info.parameters.length - optionalCount }
+      : {}),
+    ...(types.length > 0 ? { parameterTypes: types } : {}),
+    returnType: info.returnType ?? undefined,
+    visibility: info.visibility,
+    isStatic: info.isStatic,
+    isAbstract: info.isAbstract,
+    isFinal: info.isFinal,
+    ...(info.isVirtual ? { isVirtual: info.isVirtual } : {}),
+    ...(info.isOverride ? { isOverride: info.isOverride } : {}),
+    ...(info.isAsync ? { isAsync: info.isAsync } : {}),
+    ...(info.isPartial ? { isPartial: info.isPartial } : {}),
+    ...(info.annotations.length > 0 ? { annotations: info.annotations } : {}),
+  };
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/workers/parse-worker.ts b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/workers/parse-worker.ts
index f34f0ef7d..8698c4201 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/workers/parse-worker.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/core/ingestion/workers/parse-worker.ts
@@ -41,14 +41,15 @@ try {
 import { getLanguageFromFilename } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import {
   FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES,
-  extractFunctionName,
   getDefinitionNodeFromCaptures,
   findEnclosingClassInfo,
   type EnclosingClassInfo,
   getLabelFromCaptures,
-  extractMethodSignature,
   findDescendant,
   extractStringContent,
+  genericFuncName,
+  inferFunctionLabel,
+  CLASS_CONTAINER_TYPES,
   type SyntaxNode,
 } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
 import {
@@ -75,7 +76,8 @@ import type { NamedBinding } from '../named-bindings/types.js';
 import type { NodeLabel } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import type { FieldInfo, FieldExtractorContext } from '../field-types.js';
 import type { MethodInfo, MethodExtractorContext } from '../method-types.js';
-import { CLASS_CONTAINER_TYPES } from '../utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import { buildMethodProps, arityForIdFromInfo } from '../utils/method-props.js';
+import type { LanguageProvider } from '../language-provider.js';
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Types for serializable results
@@ -94,14 +96,8 @@ interface ParsedNode {
     astFrameworkMultiplier?: number;
     astFrameworkReason?: string;
     description?: string;
-    parameterCount?: number;
-    requiredParameterCount?: number;
-    returnType?: string;
-    // Field/property metadata (populated by FieldExtractor)
-    declaredType?: string;
-    visibility?: string;
-    isStatic?: boolean;
-    isReadonly?: boolean;
+    // Method/field metadata — extensible via buildMethodProps spread
+    [key: string]: unknown;
   };
 }
 
@@ -511,8 +507,6 @@ function getMethodInfo(
 // Enclosing function detection (for call extraction) — cached
 // ============================================================================
 
-import type { LanguageProvider } from '../language-provider.js';
-
 /** Walk up AST to find enclosing function, return its generateId or null for top-level.
  *  Applies provider.labelOverride so the label matches the definition phase (single source of truth). */
 const findEnclosingFunctionId = (
@@ -526,7 +520,9 @@ const findEnclosingFunctionId = (
   let current = node.parent;
   while (current) {
     if (FUNCTION_NODE_TYPES.has(current.type)) {
-      const { funcName, label } = extractFunctionName(current);
+      const efnResult = provider.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName?.(current);
+      const funcName = efnResult?.funcName ?? genericFuncName(current);
+      const label = efnResult?.label ?? inferFunctionLabel(current.type);
       if (funcName) {
         // Apply labelOverride so label matches definition phase (e.g., Kotlin Function→Method).
         // null means "skip as definition" — keep original label for scope identification.
@@ -538,7 +534,28 @@ const findEnclosingFunctionId = (
         // Qualify with enclosing class to match definition-phase node IDs
         const classInfo = cachedFindEnclosingClassInfo(current, filePath);
         const qualifiedName = classInfo ? `${classInfo.className}.${funcName}` : funcName;
-        const result = generateId(finalLabel, `${filePath}:${qualifiedName}`);
+        // Include #<arity> suffix to match definition-phase Method/Constructor IDs.
+        // Use the same MethodExtractor (getMethodInfo) as the definition phase.
+        let arity: number | undefined;
+        if (finalLabel === 'Method' || finalLabel === 'Constructor') {
+          const classNode =
+            findEnclosingClassNode(current) ?? findClassNodeByQualifiedName(current);
+          if (classNode) {
+            const methodMap = getMethodInfo(classNode, provider, {
+              filePath,
+              language: getLanguageFromFilename(filePath),
+            });
+            const defLine = current.startPosition.row + 1;
+            const info = methodMap?.get(`${funcName}:${defLine}`);
+            if (info) {
+              arity = info.parameters.some((p) => p.isVariadic)
+                ? undefined
+                : info.parameters.length;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        const arityTag = arity !== undefined ? `#${arity}` : '';
+        const result = generateId(finalLabel, `${filePath}:${qualifiedName}${arityTag}`);
         functionIdCache.set(node, result);
         return result;
       }
@@ -562,7 +579,28 @@ const findEnclosingFunctionId = (
         const qualifiedName = classInfo
           ? `${classInfo.className}.${customResult.funcName}`
           : customResult.funcName;
-        const result = generateId(finalLabel, `${filePath}:${qualifiedName}`);
+        // Include #<arity> suffix to match definition-phase Method/Constructor IDs.
+        const sigNode = current.previousSibling ?? current;
+        let arity2: number | undefined;
+        if (finalLabel === 'Method' || finalLabel === 'Constructor') {
+          const classNode2 =
+            findEnclosingClassNode(sigNode) ?? findClassNodeByQualifiedName(sigNode);
+          if (classNode2) {
+            const methodMap2 = getMethodInfo(classNode2, provider, {
+              filePath,
+              language: getLanguageFromFilename(filePath),
+            });
+            const defLine2 = sigNode.startPosition.row + 1;
+            const info2 = methodMap2?.get(`${customResult.funcName}:${defLine2}`);
+            if (info2) {
+              arity2 = info2.parameters.some((p) => p.isVariadic)
+                ? undefined
+                : info2.parameters.length;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        const arityTag2 = arity2 !== undefined ? `#${arity2}` : '';
+        const result = generateId(finalLabel, `${filePath}:${qualifiedName}${arityTag2}`);
         functionIdCache.set(node, result);
         return result;
       }
@@ -1312,6 +1350,7 @@ const processFileGroup = (
     const typeEnv = buildTypeEnv(tree, language, {
       parentMap,
       enclosingFunctionFinder: provider?.enclosingFunctionFinder,
+      extractFunctionName: provider?.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName,
     });
     const callRouter = provider.callRouter;
 
@@ -1775,7 +1814,57 @@ const processFileGroup = (
       const qualifiedName = enclosingClassInfo
         ? `${enclosingClassInfo.className}.${nodeName}`
         : nodeName;
-      const nodeId = generateId(nodeLabel, `${file.path}:${qualifiedName}`);
+
+      // Extract method metadata BEFORE generating node ID — parameterCount is needed
+      // to disambiguate overloaded methods via #<arity> suffix in the ID.
+      let declaredType: string | undefined;
+      let methodProps: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+      let arityForId: number | undefined; // raw param count for ID, even for variadic
+      if (nodeLabel === 'Function' || nodeLabel === 'Method' || nodeLabel === 'Constructor') {
+        // Use MethodExtractor for method metadata — provides parameterCount, parameterTypes,
+        // returnType, isAbstract/isFinal/annotations, visibility, and more.
+        let enrichedByMethodExtractor = false;
+        if (provider.methodExtractor && definitionNode) {
+          const classNode =
+            findEnclosingClassNode(definitionNode) ?? findClassNodeByQualifiedName(definitionNode);
+          if (classNode) {
+            const methodMap = getMethodInfo(classNode, provider, {
+              filePath: file.path,
+              language,
+            });
+            const defLine = definitionNode.startPosition.row + 1;
+            const info = methodMap?.get(`${nodeName}:${defLine}`);
+            if (info) {
+              enrichedByMethodExtractor = true;
+              arityForId = arityForIdFromInfo(info);
+              methodProps = buildMethodProps(info);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // For top-level methods (e.g. Go method_declaration), try extractFromNode
+        if (
+          !enrichedByMethodExtractor &&
+          provider.methodExtractor?.extractFromNode &&
+          definitionNode
+        ) {
+          const info = provider.methodExtractor.extractFromNode(definitionNode, {
+            filePath: file.path,
+            language,
+          });
+          if (info) {
+            enrichedByMethodExtractor = true;
+            arityForId = arityForIdFromInfo(info);
+            methodProps = buildMethodProps(info);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Append #<paramCount> to Method/Constructor IDs to disambiguate overloads.
+      // Functions are not suffixed — they don't overload by name in the same scope.
+      const needsAritySuffix = nodeLabel === 'Method' || nodeLabel === 'Constructor';
+      const arityTag = needsAritySuffix && arityForId !== undefined ? `#${arityForId}` : '';
+      const nodeId = generateId(nodeLabel, `${file.path}:${qualifiedName}${arityTag}`);
 
       const description = provider.descriptionExtractor?.(nodeLabel, nodeName, captureMap);
 
@@ -1817,124 +1906,8 @@ const processFileGroup = (
         }
       }
 
-      let parameterCount: number | undefined;
-      let requiredParameterCount: number | undefined;
-      let parameterTypes: string[] | undefined;
-      let returnType: string | undefined;
-      let declaredType: string | undefined;
-      let visibility: string | undefined;
-      let isStatic: boolean | undefined;
-      let isReadonly: boolean | undefined;
-      let isAbstract: boolean | undefined;
-      let isFinal: boolean | undefined;
-      let isVirtual: boolean | undefined;
-      let isOverride: boolean | undefined;
-      let isAsync: boolean | undefined;
-      let isPartial: boolean | undefined;
-      let annotations: string[] | undefined;
-      if (nodeLabel === 'Function' || nodeLabel === 'Method' || nodeLabel === 'Constructor') {
-        // Try MethodExtractor first — it provides everything extractMethodSignature does, plus
-        // isAbstract/isFinal/annotations. Only fall back to extractMethodSignature when no
-        // MethodExtractor is available or the method isn't inside a class body.
-        let enrichedByMethodExtractor = false;
-        if (provider.methodExtractor && definitionNode) {
-          const classNode =
-            findEnclosingClassNode(definitionNode) ?? findClassNodeByQualifiedName(definitionNode);
-          if (classNode) {
-            const methodMap = getMethodInfo(classNode, provider, {
-              filePath: file.path,
-              language,
-            });
-            const defLine = definitionNode.startPosition.row + 1;
-            const info = methodMap?.get(`${nodeName}:${defLine}`);
-            if (info) {
-              enrichedByMethodExtractor = true;
-              const hasVariadic = info.parameters.some((p) => p.isVariadic);
-              parameterCount = hasVariadic ? undefined : info.parameters.length;
-              const types: string[] = [];
-              let optionalCount = 0;
-              for (const p of info.parameters) {
-                if (p.type !== null) types.push(p.type);
-                if (p.isOptional) optionalCount++;
-              }
-              parameterTypes = types.length > 0 ? types : undefined;
-              requiredParameterCount =
-                !hasVariadic && optionalCount > 0
-                  ? info.parameters.length - optionalCount
-                  : undefined;
-              returnType = info.returnType ?? undefined;
-              visibility = info.visibility;
-              isStatic = info.isStatic;
-              isAbstract = info.isAbstract;
-              isFinal = info.isFinal;
-              if (info.isVirtual) isVirtual = info.isVirtual;
-              if (info.isOverride) isOverride = info.isOverride;
-              if (info.isAsync) isAsync = info.isAsync;
-              if (info.isPartial) isPartial = info.isPartial;
-              if (info.annotations.length > 0) annotations = info.annotations;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        // For top-level methods (e.g. Go method_declaration), try extractFromNode
-        if (
-          !enrichedByMethodExtractor &&
-          provider.methodExtractor?.extractFromNode &&
-          definitionNode
-        ) {
-          const info = provider.methodExtractor.extractFromNode(definitionNode, {
-            filePath: file.path,
-            language,
-          });
-          if (info) {
-            enrichedByMethodExtractor = true;
-            const hasVariadic = info.parameters.some((p) => p.isVariadic);
-            parameterCount = hasVariadic ? undefined : info.parameters.length;
-            const types: string[] = [];
-            let optionalCount = 0;
-            for (const p of info.parameters) {
-              if (p.type !== null) types.push(p.type);
-              if (p.isOptional) optionalCount++;
-            }
-            parameterTypes = types.length > 0 ? types : undefined;
-            requiredParameterCount =
-              !hasVariadic && optionalCount > 0
-                ? info.parameters.length - optionalCount
-                : undefined;
-            returnType = info.returnType ?? undefined;
-            visibility = info.visibility;
-            isStatic = info.isStatic;
-            isAbstract = info.isAbstract;
-            isFinal = info.isFinal;
-            if (info.isVirtual) isVirtual = info.isVirtual;
-            if (info.isOverride) isOverride = info.isOverride;
-            if (info.isAsync) isAsync = info.isAsync;
-            if (info.isPartial) isPartial = info.isPartial;
-            if (info.annotations.length > 0) annotations = info.annotations;
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (!enrichedByMethodExtractor) {
-          const sig = extractMethodSignature(definitionNode);
-          parameterCount = sig.parameterCount;
-          requiredParameterCount = sig.requiredParameterCount;
-          parameterTypes = sig.parameterTypes;
-          returnType = sig.returnType;
-        }
-
-        // Language-specific return type fallback (e.g. Ruby YARD @return [Type])
-        // Also upgrades uninformative AST types like PHP `array` with PHPDoc `@return User[]`
-        if (
-          (!returnType || returnType === 'array' || returnType === 'iterable') &&
-          definitionNode
-        ) {
-          const tc = provider.typeConfig;
-          if (tc?.extractReturnType) {
-            const docReturn = tc.extractReturnType(definitionNode);
-            if (docReturn) returnType = docReturn;
-          }
-        }
-      } else if (nodeLabel === 'Property' && definitionNode) {
+      // Property metadata extraction (not needed before nodeId — Properties don't overload)
+      if (nodeLabel === 'Property' && definitionNode) {
         // FieldExtractor is the single source of truth when available
         if (provider.fieldExtractor && typeEnv) {
           const classNode = findEnclosingClassNode(definitionNode);
@@ -1948,9 +1921,9 @@ const processFileGroup = (
             const info = fieldMap?.get(nodeName);
             if (info) {
               declaredType = info.type ?? undefined;
-              visibility = info.visibility;
-              isStatic = info.isStatic;
-              isReadonly = info.isReadonly;
+              methodProps.visibility = info.visibility;
+              methodProps.isStatic = info.isStatic;
+              methodProps.isReadonly = info.isReadonly;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -1976,21 +1949,8 @@ const processFileGroup = (
               }
             : {}),
           ...(description !== undefined ? { description } : {}),
-          ...(parameterCount !== undefined ? { parameterCount } : {}),
-          ...(requiredParameterCount !== undefined ? { requiredParameterCount } : {}),
-          ...(parameterTypes !== undefined ? { parameterTypes } : {}),
-          ...(returnType !== undefined ? { returnType } : {}),
+          ...methodProps,
           ...(declaredType !== undefined ? { declaredType } : {}),
-          ...(visibility !== undefined ? { visibility } : {}),
-          ...(isStatic !== undefined ? { isStatic } : {}),
-          ...(isReadonly !== undefined ? { isReadonly } : {}),
-          ...(isAbstract !== undefined ? { isAbstract } : {}),
-          ...(isFinal !== undefined ? { isFinal } : {}),
-          ...(isVirtual !== undefined ? { isVirtual } : {}),
-          ...(isOverride !== undefined ? { isOverride } : {}),
-          ...(isAsync !== undefined ? { isAsync } : {}),
-          ...(isPartial !== undefined ? { isPartial } : {}),
-          ...(annotations !== undefined ? { annotations } : {}),
         },
       });
 
@@ -2001,22 +1961,30 @@ const processFileGroup = (
         name: nodeName,
         nodeId,
         type: nodeLabel,
-        ...(parameterCount !== undefined ? { parameterCount } : {}),
-        ...(requiredParameterCount !== undefined ? { requiredParameterCount } : {}),
-        ...(parameterTypes !== undefined ? { parameterTypes } : {}),
-        ...(returnType !== undefined ? { returnType } : {}),
+        parameterCount: methodProps.parameterCount as number | undefined,
+        requiredParameterCount: methodProps.requiredParameterCount as number | undefined,
+        parameterTypes: methodProps.parameterTypes as string[] | undefined,
+        returnType: methodProps.returnType as string | undefined,
         ...(declaredType !== undefined ? { declaredType } : {}),
         ...(enclosingClassId ? { ownerId: enclosingClassId } : {}),
-        ...(visibility !== undefined ? { visibility } : {}),
-        ...(isStatic !== undefined ? { isStatic } : {}),
-        ...(isReadonly !== undefined ? { isReadonly } : {}),
-        ...(isAbstract !== undefined ? { isAbstract } : {}),
-        ...(isFinal !== undefined ? { isFinal } : {}),
-        ...(isVirtual !== undefined ? { isVirtual } : {}),
-        ...(isOverride !== undefined ? { isOverride } : {}),
-        ...(isAsync !== undefined ? { isAsync } : {}),
-        ...(isPartial !== undefined ? { isPartial } : {}),
-        ...(annotations !== undefined ? { annotations } : {}),
+        visibility: methodProps.visibility as string | undefined,
+        isStatic: methodProps.isStatic as boolean | undefined,
+        isReadonly: methodProps.isReadonly as boolean | undefined,
+        isAbstract: methodProps.isAbstract as boolean | undefined,
+        isFinal: methodProps.isFinal as boolean | undefined,
+        ...(methodProps.isVirtual !== undefined
+          ? { isVirtual: methodProps.isVirtual as boolean }
+          : {}),
+        ...(methodProps.isOverride !== undefined
+          ? { isOverride: methodProps.isOverride as boolean }
+          : {}),
+        ...(methodProps.isAsync !== undefined ? { isAsync: methodProps.isAsync as boolean } : {}),
+        ...(methodProps.isPartial !== undefined
+          ? { isPartial: methodProps.isPartial as boolean }
+          : {}),
+        ...(methodProps.annotations !== undefined
+          ? { annotations: methodProps.annotations as string[] }
+          : {}),
       });
 
       const fileId = generateId('File', file.path);
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/mcp/local/local-backend.ts b/gitnexus/src/mcp/local/local-backend.ts
index fe55a9f30..91c3a5b69 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/mcp/local/local-backend.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/mcp/local/local-backend.ts
@@ -96,7 +96,9 @@ export const VALID_RELATION_TYPES = new Set([
   'IMPLEMENTS',
   'HAS_METHOD',
   'HAS_PROPERTY',
-  'OVERRIDES',
+  'METHOD_OVERRIDES',
+  'OVERRIDES', // Legacy alias — dual-read for pre-rename indexes
+  'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS',
   'ACCESSES',
   'HANDLES_ROUTE',
   'FETCHES',
@@ -117,7 +119,8 @@ export const VALID_RELATION_TYPES = new Set([
  *   CALLS / IMPORTS  – direct, strongly-typed references → 0.9
  *   EXTENDS          – class hierarchy, statically verifiable → 0.85
  *   IMPLEMENTS       – interface contract, statically verifiable → 0.85
- *   OVERRIDES        – method override, statically verifiable → 0.85
+ *   METHOD_OVERRIDES  – method override, statically verifiable → 0.85
+ *   METHOD_IMPLEMENTS – interface method implementation, statically verifiable → 0.85
  *   HAS_METHOD       – structural containment → 0.95
  *   HAS_PROPERTY     – structural containment → 0.95
  *   ACCESSES         – field read/write, may be indirect → 0.8
@@ -129,7 +132,8 @@ export const IMPACT_RELATION_CONFIDENCE: Readonly<Record<string, number>> = {
   IMPORTS: 0.9,
   EXTENDS: 0.85,
   IMPLEMENTS: 0.85,
-  OVERRIDES: 0.85,
+  METHOD_OVERRIDES: 0.85,
+  METHOD_IMPLEMENTS: 0.85,
   HAS_METHOD: 0.95,
   HAS_PROPERTY: 0.95,
   ACCESSES: 0.8,
@@ -1200,7 +1204,7 @@ export class LocalBackend {
       repo.id,
       `
       MATCH (caller)-[r:CodeRelation]->(n {id: $symId})
-      WHERE r.type IN ['CALLS', 'IMPORTS', 'EXTENDS', 'IMPLEMENTS', 'HAS_METHOD', 'HAS_PROPERTY', 'OVERRIDES', 'ACCESSES']
+      WHERE r.type IN ['CALLS', 'IMPORTS', 'EXTENDS', 'IMPLEMENTS', 'HAS_METHOD', 'HAS_PROPERTY', 'METHOD_OVERRIDES', 'OVERRIDES', 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS', 'ACCESSES']
       RETURN r.type AS relType, caller.id AS uid, caller.name AS name, caller.filePath AS filePath, labels(caller)[0] AS kind
       LIMIT 30
     `,
@@ -1290,7 +1294,7 @@ export class LocalBackend {
       repo.id,
       `
       MATCH (n {id: $symId})-[r:CodeRelation]->(target)
-      WHERE r.type IN ['CALLS', 'IMPORTS', 'EXTENDS', 'IMPLEMENTS', 'HAS_METHOD', 'HAS_PROPERTY', 'OVERRIDES', 'ACCESSES']
+      WHERE r.type IN ['CALLS', 'IMPORTS', 'EXTENDS', 'IMPLEMENTS', 'HAS_METHOD', 'HAS_PROPERTY', 'METHOD_OVERRIDES', 'OVERRIDES', 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS', 'ACCESSES']
       RETURN r.type AS relType, target.id AS uid, target.name AS name, target.filePath AS filePath, labels(target)[0] AS kind
       LIMIT 30
     `,
@@ -1909,12 +1913,34 @@ export class LocalBackend {
 
     const { target, direction } = params;
     const maxDepth = params.maxDepth || 3;
+    // Map legacy relation type names before filtering (backward compat for OVERRIDES → METHOD_OVERRIDES)
+    const mappedRelTypes = params.relationTypes?.flatMap((t: string) =>
+      t === 'OVERRIDES' ? ['OVERRIDES', 'METHOD_OVERRIDES'] : [t],
+    );
     const rawRelTypes =
-      params.relationTypes && params.relationTypes.length > 0
-        ? params.relationTypes.filter((t) => VALID_RELATION_TYPES.has(t))
-        : ['CALLS', 'IMPORTS', 'EXTENDS', 'IMPLEMENTS'];
+      mappedRelTypes && mappedRelTypes.length > 0
+        ? mappedRelTypes.filter((t: string) => VALID_RELATION_TYPES.has(t))
+        : [
+            'CALLS',
+            'IMPORTS',
+            'EXTENDS',
+            'IMPLEMENTS',
+            'METHOD_OVERRIDES',
+            'OVERRIDES',
+            'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS',
+          ];
     const relationTypes =
-      rawRelTypes.length > 0 ? rawRelTypes : ['CALLS', 'IMPORTS', 'EXTENDS', 'IMPLEMENTS'];
+      rawRelTypes.length > 0
+        ? rawRelTypes
+        : [
+            'CALLS',
+            'IMPORTS',
+            'EXTENDS',
+            'IMPLEMENTS',
+            'METHOD_OVERRIDES',
+            'OVERRIDES',
+            'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS',
+          ];
     const includeTests = params.includeTests ?? false;
     const minConfidence = params.minConfidence ?? 0;
 
@@ -2457,12 +2483,34 @@ export class LocalBackend {
     const symType =
       typeof labelRaw === 'string' && labelRaw.trim().length > 0 ? labelRaw.trim() : '';
 
+    // Map legacy relation type names (backward compat for OVERRIDES → METHOD_OVERRIDES)
+    const mappedRelTypes = opts.relationTypes?.flatMap((t: string) =>
+      t === 'OVERRIDES' ? ['OVERRIDES', 'METHOD_OVERRIDES'] : [t],
+    );
     const rawRelTypes =
-      opts.relationTypes && opts.relationTypes.length > 0
-        ? opts.relationTypes.filter((t) => VALID_RELATION_TYPES.has(t))
-        : ['CALLS', 'IMPORTS', 'EXTENDS', 'IMPLEMENTS'];
+      mappedRelTypes && mappedRelTypes.length > 0
+        ? mappedRelTypes.filter((t: string) => VALID_RELATION_TYPES.has(t))
+        : [
+            'CALLS',
+            'IMPORTS',
+            'EXTENDS',
+            'IMPLEMENTS',
+            'METHOD_OVERRIDES',
+            'OVERRIDES',
+            'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS',
+          ];
     const relationTypes =
-      rawRelTypes.length > 0 ? rawRelTypes : ['CALLS', 'IMPORTS', 'EXTENDS', 'IMPLEMENTS'];
+      rawRelTypes.length > 0
+        ? rawRelTypes
+        : [
+            'CALLS',
+            'IMPORTS',
+            'EXTENDS',
+            'IMPLEMENTS',
+            'METHOD_OVERRIDES',
+            'OVERRIDES',
+            'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS',
+          ];
 
     try {
       return await this._runImpactBFS(repo, sym, symType, dir, {
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/mcp/resources.ts b/gitnexus/src/mcp/resources.ts
index 3fc2afdee..dce81bab4 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/mcp/resources.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/mcp/resources.ts
@@ -353,7 +353,8 @@ relationships:
   - HAS_METHOD: Class/Struct/Interface owns a Method
   - HAS_PROPERTY: Class/Struct/Interface owns a Property (field)
   - ACCESSES: Function/Method reads or writes a Property (reason: 'read' or 'write')
-  - OVERRIDES: Method overrides another Method (MRO)
+  - METHOD_OVERRIDES: Method overrides another Method (MRO)
+  - METHOD_IMPLEMENTS: ConcreteMethod implements InterfaceMethod (matched by name + parameterTypes)
   - MEMBER_OF: Symbol belongs to community
   - STEP_IN_PROCESS: Symbol is step N in process
 
diff --git a/gitnexus/src/mcp/tools.ts b/gitnexus/src/mcp/tools.ts
index c74b19464..2c884d10b 100644
--- a/gitnexus/src/mcp/tools.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/src/mcp/tools.ts
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ SCHEMA:
 - Nodes: File, Folder, Function, Class, Interface, Method, CodeElement, Community, Process, Route, Tool
 - Multi-language nodes (use backticks): \`Struct\`, \`Enum\`, \`Trait\`, \`Impl\`, etc.
 - All edges via single CodeRelation table with 'type' property
-- Edge types: CONTAINS, DEFINES, CALLS, IMPORTS, EXTENDS, IMPLEMENTS, HAS_METHOD, HAS_PROPERTY, ACCESSES, OVERRIDES, MEMBER_OF, STEP_IN_PROCESS, HANDLES_ROUTE, FETCHES, HANDLES_TOOL, ENTRY_POINT_OF
+- Edge types: CONTAINS, DEFINES, CALLS, IMPORTS, EXTENDS, IMPLEMENTS, HAS_METHOD, HAS_PROPERTY, ACCESSES, METHOD_OVERRIDES, METHOD_IMPLEMENTS, MEMBER_OF, STEP_IN_PROCESS, HANDLES_ROUTE, FETCHES, HANDLES_TOOL, ENTRY_POINT_OF
 - Edge properties: type (STRING), confidence (DOUBLE), reason (STRING), step (INT32)
 
 EXAMPLES:
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ EXAMPLES:
   MATCH (f:Function)-[r:CodeRelation {type: 'ACCESSES', reason: 'write'}]->(p:Property) WHERE p.name = "address" RETURN f.name, f.filePath
 
 • Find method overrides (MRO resolution):
-  MATCH (winner:Method)-[r:CodeRelation {type: 'OVERRIDES'}]->(loser:Method) RETURN winner.name, winner.filePath, loser.filePath, r.reason
+  MATCH (winner:Method)-[r:CodeRelation {type: 'METHOD_OVERRIDES'}]->(loser:Method) RETURN winner.name, winner.filePath, loser.filePath, r.reason
 
 • Detect diamond inheritance:
   MATCH (d:Class)-[:CodeRelation {type: 'EXTENDS'}]->(b1), (d)-[:CodeRelation {type: 'EXTENDS'}]->(b2), (b1)-[:CodeRelation {type: 'EXTENDS'}]->(a), (b2)-[:CodeRelation {type: 'EXTENDS'}]->(a) WHERE b1 <> b2 RETURN d.name, b1.name, b2.name, a.name
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ Depth groups:
 
 TIP: Default traversal uses CALLS/IMPORTS/EXTENDS/IMPLEMENTS. For class members, include HAS_METHOD and HAS_PROPERTY in relationTypes. For field access analysis, include ACCESSES in relationTypes.
 
-EdgeType: CALLS, IMPORTS, EXTENDS, IMPLEMENTS, HAS_METHOD, HAS_PROPERTY, OVERRIDES, ACCESSES
+EdgeType: CALLS, IMPORTS, EXTENDS, IMPLEMENTS, HAS_METHOD, HAS_PROPERTY, METHOD_OVERRIDES, METHOD_IMPLEMENTS, ACCESSES
 Confidence: 1.0 = certain, <0.8 = fuzzy match`,
     inputSchema: {
       type: 'object',
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ Confidence: 1.0 = certain, <0.8 = fuzzy match`,
           type: 'array',
           items: { type: 'string' },
           description:
-            'Filter: CALLS, IMPORTS, EXTENDS, IMPLEMENTS, HAS_METHOD, HAS_PROPERTY, OVERRIDES, ACCESSES (default: usage-based, ACCESSES excluded by default)',
+            'Filter: CALLS, IMPORTS, EXTENDS, IMPLEMENTS, HAS_METHOD, HAS_PROPERTY, METHOD_OVERRIDES, METHOD_IMPLEMENTS, ACCESSES (default: usage-based, ACCESSES excluded by default)',
         },
         includeTests: { type: 'boolean', description: 'Include test files (default: false)' },
         minConfidence: { type: 'number', description: 'Minimum confidence 0-1 (default: 0.7)' },
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-interface-dispatch/App.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-interface-dispatch/App.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da22577ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-interface-dispatch/App.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+public class App {
+    public static void Main() {
+        IRepository repo = new SqlRepository();
+        repo.Find(1);
+        repo.Save("test");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-interface-dispatch/IRepository.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-interface-dispatch/IRepository.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fa557421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-interface-dispatch/IRepository.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+public interface IRepository {
+    string Find(int id);
+    bool Save(string entity);
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-interface-dispatch/SqlRepository.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-interface-dispatch/SqlRepository.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4062ca725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-interface-dispatch/SqlRepository.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+public class SqlRepository : IRepository {
+    public string Find(int id) {
+        return "found";
+    }
+
+    public bool Save(string entity) {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-dispatch/App.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-dispatch/App.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..faaa9431d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-dispatch/App.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+public class App {
+    public void Run() {
+        var repo = new SqlRepository();
+        repo.Find(42);
+        repo.Find("alice", true);
+        repo.Save("test");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-dispatch/IRepository.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-dispatch/IRepository.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35bc58c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-dispatch/IRepository.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+public interface IRepository {
+    string Find(int id);
+    string Find(string name, bool exact);
+    void Save(string data);
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.cs b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aae4b8c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/csharp-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+public class SqlRepository : IRepository {
+    public string Find(int id) {
+        return "found-by-id";
+    }
+    public string Find(string name, bool exact) {
+        return "found-by-name";
+    }
+    public void Save(string data) {
+        Console.WriteLine(data);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/dart-interface-dispatch/app.dart b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/dart-interface-dispatch/app.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edec34da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/dart-interface-dispatch/app.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import 'sql_repository.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  final repo = SqlRepository();
+  repo.find(1);
+  repo.save("test");
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/dart-interface-dispatch/repository.dart b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/dart-interface-dispatch/repository.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5edd9557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/dart-interface-dispatch/repository.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+abstract class Repository {
+  String find(int id);
+  bool save(String entity);
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/dart-interface-dispatch/sql_repository.dart b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/dart-interface-dispatch/sql_repository.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68fd26642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/dart-interface-dispatch/sql_repository.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import 'repository.dart';
+
+class SqlRepository implements Repository {
+  @override
+  String find(int id) {
+    return "found";
+  }
+
+  @override
+  bool save(String entity) {
+    return true;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-dispatch/App.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-dispatch/App.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1da1ce3d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-dispatch/App.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+public class App {
+    public void run() {
+        SqlRepository repo = new SqlRepository();
+        repo.find(42);
+        repo.find("alice", true);
+        repo.save("test");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-dispatch/Repository.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-dispatch/Repository.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4e855473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-dispatch/Repository.java
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+public interface Repository {
+    String find(int id);
+    String find(String name, boolean exact);
+    void save(String data);
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.java b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..315a8e0a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/java-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.java
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+public class SqlRepository implements Repository {
+    public String find(int id) {
+        return "found-by-id";
+    }
+
+    public String find(String name, boolean exact) {
+        return "found-by-name";
+    }
+
+    public void save(String data) {
+        System.out.println(data);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-interface-dispatch/App.kt b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-interface-dispatch/App.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..588a9c461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-interface-dispatch/App.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+fun main() {
+    val repo: Repository = SqlRepository()
+    repo.find(1)
+    repo.save("test")
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-interface-dispatch/Repository.kt b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-interface-dispatch/Repository.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02be9c8e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-interface-dispatch/Repository.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+interface Repository {
+    fun find(id: Int): String
+    fun save(entity: String): Boolean
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-interface-dispatch/SqlRepository.kt b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-interface-dispatch/SqlRepository.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d44fd09bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-interface-dispatch/SqlRepository.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class SqlRepository : Repository {
+    override fun find(id: Int): String {
+        return "found"
+    }
+
+    override fun save(entity: String): Boolean {
+        return true
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-dispatch/App.kt b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-dispatch/App.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13a655ea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-dispatch/App.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+fun main() {
+    val repo = SqlRepository()
+    repo.find(42)
+    repo.find("alice", true)
+    repo.save("test")
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-dispatch/Repository.kt b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-dispatch/Repository.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92b73e1b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-dispatch/Repository.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+interface Repository {
+    fun find(id: Int): String
+    fun find(name: String, exact: Boolean): String
+    fun save(data: String)
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.kt b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a562a8dc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/kotlin-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class SqlRepository : Repository {
+    override fun find(id: Int): String = "found-by-id"
+    override fun find(name: String, exact: Boolean): String = "found-by-name"
+    override fun save(data: String) { println(data) }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/swift-overload-dispatch/App.swift b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/swift-overload-dispatch/App.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d57e328a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/swift-overload-dispatch/App.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+let repo = SqlRepository()
+repo.find(id: 42)
+repo.find(name: "alice", exact: true)
+repo.save(data: "test")
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/swift-overload-dispatch/Repository.swift b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/swift-overload-dispatch/Repository.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa735509a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/swift-overload-dispatch/Repository.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+protocol Repository {
+    func find(id: Int) -> String
+    func find(name: String, exact: Bool) -> String
+    func save(data: String)
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/swift-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.swift b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/swift-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6d2a1546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/swift-overload-dispatch/SqlRepository.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class SqlRepository: Repository {
+    func find(id: Int) -> String { return "found-by-id" }
+    func find(name: String, exact: Bool) -> String { return "found-by-name" }
+    func save(data: String) { print(data) }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-overload-dispatch/app.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-overload-dispatch/app.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e526de6a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-overload-dispatch/app.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { SqlRepository } from './sql-repository';
+
+const repo = new SqlRepository();
+repo.find(42);
+repo.find('alice');
+repo.save('test');
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-overload-dispatch/repository.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-overload-dispatch/repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ad14c0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-overload-dispatch/repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export interface IRepository {
+    find(id: number): string;
+    find(name: string): string;
+    save(data: string): void;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-overload-dispatch/sql-repository.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-overload-dispatch/sql-repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e937ee689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/ts-overload-dispatch/sql-repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { IRepository } from './repository';
+
+export class SqlRepository implements IRepository {
+    find(id: number): string;
+    find(name: string): string;
+    find(arg: number | string): string {
+        return typeof arg === 'number' ? 'found-by-id' : 'found-by-name';
+    }
+    save(data: string): void {
+        console.log(data);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/typescript-interface-dispatch/app.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/typescript-interface-dispatch/app.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9cfb446c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/typescript-interface-dispatch/app.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import { SqlRepository } from './sql-repository';
+
+const repo = new SqlRepository();
+repo.find(1);
+repo.save("test");
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/typescript-interface-dispatch/repository.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/typescript-interface-dispatch/repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a86ca660a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/typescript-interface-dispatch/repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export interface IRepository {
+    find(id: number): string;
+    save(entity: string): boolean;
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/typescript-interface-dispatch/sql-repository.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/typescript-interface-dispatch/sql-repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b623e6e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/lang-resolution/typescript-interface-dispatch/sql-repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { IRepository } from './repository';
+
+export class SqlRepository implements IRepository {
+    find(id: number): string {
+        return "found";
+    }
+
+    save(entity: string): boolean {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/local-backend-seed.ts b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/local-backend-seed.ts
index 6958fe5b5..9a4d4e0c1 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/fixtures/local-backend-seed.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/fixtures/local-backend-seed.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export const LOCAL_BACKEND_SEED_DATA = [
    CREATE (c)-[:CodeRelation {type: 'HAS_METHOD', confidence: 1.0, reason: 'class-method', step: 0}]->(m)`,
   // OVERRIDES: AuthService.authenticate -> BaseService.authenticate
   `MATCH (a:Method), (b:Method) WHERE a.id = 'method:AuthService.authenticate' AND b.id = 'method:BaseService.authenticate'
-   CREATE (a)-[:CodeRelation {type: 'OVERRIDES', confidence: 1.0, reason: 'mro-resolution', step: 0}]->(b)`,
+   CREATE (a)-[:CodeRelation {type: 'METHOD_OVERRIDES', confidence: 1.0, reason: 'mro-resolution', step: 0}]->(b)`,
   // HAS_METHOD: BaseService -> authenticate
   `MATCH (c:Class), (m:Method) WHERE c.id = 'class:BaseService' AND m.id = 'method:BaseService.authenticate'
    CREATE (c)-[:CodeRelation {type: 'HAS_METHOD', confidence: 1.0, reason: 'class-method', step: 0}]->(m)`,
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/local-backend-calltool.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/local-backend-calltool.test.ts
index f012a96db..55e4110f3 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/local-backend-calltool.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/local-backend-calltool.test.ts
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ withTestLbugDB(
         const result = await backend.callTool('impact', {
           target: 'authenticate',
           direction: 'downstream',
-          relationTypes: ['OVERRIDES'],
+          relationTypes: ['METHOD_OVERRIDES'],
         });
         expect(result).not.toHaveProperty('error');
         // AuthService.authenticate overrides BaseService.authenticate
@@ -154,6 +154,22 @@ withTestLbugDB(
         expect(names).toContain('authenticate');
       });
 
+      it('expands legacy OVERRIDES to include METHOD_OVERRIDES (dual-read)', async () => {
+        // Pass the LEGACY alias 'OVERRIDES' — impactByUid should flatMap-expand
+        // it to ['OVERRIDES', 'METHOD_OVERRIDES'] so the METHOD_OVERRIDES edge
+        // between BaseService.authenticate and AuthService.authenticate is found.
+        const result = await backend.callTool('impact', {
+          target: 'authenticate',
+          direction: 'downstream',
+          relationTypes: ['OVERRIDES'],
+        });
+        expect(result).not.toHaveProperty('error');
+        expect(result.impactedCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        const d1 = result.byDepth[1] || result.byDepth['1'] || [];
+        const names = d1.map((d: any) => d.name);
+        expect(names).toContain('authenticate');
+      });
+
       it('does not return HAS_METHOD results when filtering by CALLS only', async () => {
         const result = await backend.callTool('impact', {
           target: 'AuthService',
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/local-backend.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/local-backend.test.ts
index 992820419..be35a3c98 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/local-backend.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/local-backend.test.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ withTestLbugDB(
           'EXTENDS',
           'IMPLEMENTS',
           'HAS_METHOD',
-          'OVERRIDES',
+          'METHOD_OVERRIDES',
           'ACCESSES',
         ];
         const invalidTypes = ['CONTAINS', 'STEP_IN_PROCESS', 'MEMBER_OF', 'DROP_TABLE'];
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cpp.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cpp.test.ts
index 7bda177c5..e9a340564 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cpp.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/cpp.test.ts
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ describe('C++ diamond inheritance', () => {
   });
 
   it('no OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
       expect(target).toBeDefined();
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/csharp.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/csharp.test.ts
index d88b97c11..0348f1eb6 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/csharp.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/csharp.test.ts
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ describe('C# heritage resolution', () => {
   });
 
   it('no OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
       expect(target).toBeDefined();
@@ -1722,3 +1722,109 @@ describe('C# method enrichment', () => {
     expect(classifyCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Interface dispatch: METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('C# interface dispatch (METHOD_IMPLEMENTS)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'csharp-interface-dispatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects IRepository interface and SqlRepository class', () => {
+    const classes = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class');
+    const ifaces = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Interface');
+    expect(classes).toContain('SqlRepository');
+    expect(ifaces).toContain('IRepository');
+  });
+
+  it('emits IMPLEMENTS edge SqlRepository → IRepository', () => {
+    const impl = getRelationships(result, 'IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edge = impl.find((e) => e.source === 'SqlRepository' && e.target === 'IRepository');
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges for Find and Save', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const findEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'Find' &&
+        e.target === 'Find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('IRepository'),
+    );
+    const saveEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'Save' &&
+        e.target === 'Save' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('IRepository'),
+    );
+    expect(findEdge).toBeDefined();
+    expect(saveEdge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Overloaded method disambiguation: METHOD_IMPLEMENTS with overloads
+// IRepository declares Find(int), Find(string), Save(string).
+// SqlRepository implements all three.
+// Overloaded methods (same name, different params) collapse into a single
+// graph node (generateId drops startLine), so Find appears once per file.
+// METHOD_IMPLEMENTS still emits one edge per unique (source, target) pair.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('C# overloaded method disambiguation (METHOD_IMPLEMENTS)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'csharp-overload-dispatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects 2 distinct Find Method nodes on SqlRepository (different arities)', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabelFull(result, 'Method');
+    const findOnSql = methods.filter(
+      (m) => m.name === 'Find' && m.properties.filePath?.includes('SqlRepository'),
+    );
+    expect(findOnSql.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges for both Find overloads', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const findEdges = mi.filter(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'Find' &&
+        e.target === 'Find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('IRepository'),
+    );
+    expect(findEdges.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for Save -> IRepository.Save', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const saveEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'Save' &&
+        e.target === 'Save' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('IRepository'),
+    );
+    expect(saveEdge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits exactly 3 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    expect(mi.length).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  it('detects SqlRepository class and IRepository interface', () => {
+    const classes = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class');
+    const ifaces = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Interface');
+    expect(classes).toContain('SqlRepository');
+    expect(ifaces).toContain('IRepository');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/dart.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/dart.test.ts
index 8839e49f6..7f995e09d 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/dart.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/dart.test.ts
@@ -429,3 +429,48 @@ describe.skipIf(!dartAvailable)('Dart async method detection', () => {
     expect(formatName!.properties.returnType).toBe('String');
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Interface dispatch: METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges from concrete → abstract methods
+// abstract Repository with find/save, SqlRepository implements them
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe.skipIf(!dartAvailable)('Dart interface dispatch (METHOD_IMPLEMENTS)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'dart-interface-dispatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects Repository class and SqlRepository class', () => {
+    const classes = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class');
+    expect(classes).toContain('Repository');
+    expect(classes).toContain('SqlRepository');
+  });
+
+  it('emits IMPLEMENTS edge SqlRepository → Repository', () => {
+    const impl = getRelationships(result, 'IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edge = impl.find((e) => e.source === 'SqlRepository' && e.target === 'Repository');
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges for find and save', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const findEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('sql_repository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('repository'),
+    );
+    const saveEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'save' &&
+        e.target === 'save' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('sql_repository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('repository'),
+    );
+    expect(findEdge).toBeDefined();
+    expect(saveEdge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/go.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/go.test.ts
index a52ad1775..0ec9b2f6c 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/go.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/go.test.ts
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ describe('Go package import & call resolution', () => {
   });
 
   it('no OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
       expect(target).toBeDefined();
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts
index 2d8f59303..6fa89c590 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/java.test.ts
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ describe('Java heritage resolution', () => {
   });
 
   it('no OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
       expect(target).toBeDefined();
@@ -385,6 +385,42 @@ describe('Java variadic call resolution', () => {
     expect(logCall!.source).toBe('run');
     expect(logCall!.targetFilePath).toBe('com/example/util/Logger.java');
   });
+
+  it('CALLS edges from within variadic method have valid sourceId (no ID mismatch)', () => {
+    // Collect all CALLS edges whose source is in Logger.java
+    const danglingSourceIds: string[] = [];
+    for (const rel of result.graph.iterRelationships()) {
+      if (rel.type !== 'CALLS') continue;
+      const sourceNode = result.graph.getNode(rel.sourceId);
+      if (!sourceNode) {
+        danglingSourceIds.push(rel.sourceId);
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Specifically flag Logger.java sources that don't resolve
+      if (
+        sourceNode.properties.filePath === 'com/example/util/Logger.java' &&
+        !result.graph.getNode(rel.sourceId)
+      ) {
+        danglingSourceIds.push(rel.sourceId);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // No CALLS edge should have a dangling (unresolvable) sourceId.
+    // This catches the bug where definition creates Method:...record#N but
+    // findEnclosingFunctionId generates Method:...record (no suffix),
+    // producing CALLS edges whose sourceId doesn't match any graph node.
+    expect(danglingSourceIds).toEqual([]);
+
+    // Additionally verify that ALL relationships (not just CALLS) have
+    // resolvable sourceIds — a stronger invariant.
+    const allDangling: string[] = [];
+    for (const rel of result.graph.iterRelationships()) {
+      if (!result.graph.getNode(rel.sourceId)) {
+        allDangling.push(`${rel.type}:${rel.sourceId}`);
+      }
+    }
+    expect(allDangling).toEqual([]);
+  });
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1651,3 +1687,165 @@ describe('Java method enrichment', () => {
     expect(classifyCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Java interface dispatch (METHOD_IMPLEMENTS)
+// Action interface: execute(), priority()
+// LogEvent implements Action, SendEmail implements Action
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('Java interface dispatch (METHOD_IMPLEMENTS)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'java-interface-dispatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges from LogEvent.execute → Action.execute', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'execute' &&
+        e.target === 'execute' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('LogEvent') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Action'),
+    );
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges from SendEmail.execute → Action.execute', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'execute' &&
+        e.target === 'execute' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SendEmail') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Action'),
+    );
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for priority() in both implementors', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const priorityEdges = mi.filter(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'priority' && e.target === 'priority' && e.targetFilePath.includes('Action'),
+    );
+    expect(priorityEdges.length).toBe(2);
+    const sourceFiles = priorityEdges.map((e) => e.sourceFilePath).sort();
+    expect(sourceFiles.some((f) => f.includes('LogEvent'))).toBe(true);
+    expect(sourceFiles.some((f) => f.includes('SendEmail'))).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Java overloaded method disambiguation (METHOD_IMPLEMENTS with arity)
+// Repository interface: find(int), find(String, boolean), save(String)
+// SqlRepository implements Repository with matching overloads
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('Java overloaded method disambiguation (METHOD_IMPLEMENTS)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'java-overload-dispatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects distinct Method nodes for overloaded find methods on SqlRepository', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabelFull(result, 'Method');
+    const findMethods = methods.filter(
+      (m) => m.name === 'find' && m.properties.filePath?.includes('SqlRepository'),
+    );
+    expect(findMethods.length).toBe(2);
+    const paramCounts = findMethods.map((m) => m.properties.parameterCount).sort();
+    expect(paramCounts).toEqual([1, 2]);
+  });
+
+  it('detects distinct Method nodes for overloaded find methods on Repository interface', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabelFull(result, 'Method');
+    const findMethods = methods.filter(
+      (m) =>
+        m.name === 'find' &&
+        m.properties.filePath?.includes('Repository') &&
+        !m.properties.filePath?.includes('SqlRepository'),
+    );
+    expect(findMethods.length).toBe(2);
+    const paramCounts = findMethods.map((m) => m.properties.parameterCount).sort();
+    expect(paramCounts).toEqual([1, 2]);
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for find(int) → Repository.find(int)', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+    // Verify at least one find→find edge has arity 1 on source side
+    const findEdges = mi.filter(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    const sourceNodes = findEdges.map((e) => {
+      const methods = getNodesByLabelFull(result, 'Method');
+      return methods.find(
+        (m) =>
+          m.name === 'find' &&
+          m.properties.filePath?.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+          m.properties.parameterCount === 1,
+      );
+    });
+    expect(sourceNodes.some((n) => n !== undefined)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for find(String, boolean) → Repository.find(String, boolean)', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const findEdges = mi.filter(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    // There should be two find→find edges (one per overload)
+    expect(findEdges.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for save(String) → Repository.save(String)', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'save' &&
+        e.target === 'save' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits exactly 3 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edges = mi.filter(
+      (e) => e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') && e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    expect(edges.length).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  it('emits CALLS edges from run() to both find overloads', () => {
+    const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
+    const findCalls = calls.filter(
+      (c) =>
+        c.source === 'run' &&
+        c.target === 'find' &&
+        c.sourceFilePath.includes('App') &&
+        c.targetFilePath.includes('SqlRepository'),
+    );
+    expect(findCalls.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/kotlin.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/kotlin.test.ts
index 90f5b8aa3..361996527 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/kotlin.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/kotlin.test.ts
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ describe('Kotlin heritage resolution', () => {
   });
 
   it('no OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
       expect(target).toBeDefined();
@@ -1811,3 +1811,100 @@ describe('Kotlin method enrichment', () => {
     expect(classifyCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Interface dispatch: METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges from concrete → interface methods
+// Repository interface with find/save, SqlRepository implements them
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('Kotlin interface dispatch (METHOD_IMPLEMENTS)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'kotlin-interface-dispatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects Repository interface and SqlRepository class', () => {
+    const classes = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class');
+    const ifaces = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Interface');
+    expect(classes).toContain('SqlRepository');
+    expect(ifaces).toContain('Repository');
+  });
+
+  it('emits IMPLEMENTS edge SqlRepository → Repository', () => {
+    const impl = getRelationships(result, 'IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edge = impl.find((e) => e.source === 'SqlRepository' && e.target === 'Repository');
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges for find and save', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const findEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    const saveEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'save' &&
+        e.target === 'save' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    expect(findEdge).toBeDefined();
+    expect(saveEdge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Overloaded method disambiguation: interface with overloaded find + save,
+// concrete class implements all three. Verifies METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges
+// correctly distinguish between overloaded signatures.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('Kotlin overloaded method disambiguation', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'kotlin-overload-dispatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects 2 distinct find Method nodes on SqlRepository', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabelFull(result, 'Method');
+    const sqlRepoFinds = methods.filter(
+      (m) => m.name === 'find' && m.properties.filePath?.includes('SqlRepository'),
+    );
+    expect(sqlRepoFinds.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges for both find overloads', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const findEdges = mi.filter(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    expect(findEdges.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge for save', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const saveEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'save' &&
+        e.target === 'save' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    expect(saveEdge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits exactly 3 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges total', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    expect(mi.length).toBe(3);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/php.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/php.test.ts
index c7dfdc016..a72da9439 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/php.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/php.test.ts
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ describe('PHP heritage & import resolution', () => {
   // --- Property OVERRIDES exclusion ---
 
   it('does not emit OVERRIDES for property name collisions ($status in both traits)', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     // OVERRIDES should only target Method nodes, never Property nodes
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ describe('PHP heritage & import resolution', () => {
   // --- MRO: OVERRIDES edge ---
 
   it('emits OVERRIDES edge for User overriding log (inherited from BaseModel)', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     expect(overrides.length).toBe(1);
     const logOverride = overrides.find((e) => e.source === 'User' && e.target === 'log');
     expect(logOverride).toBeDefined();
@@ -1769,4 +1769,14 @@ describe('PHP abstract dispatch', () => {
       expect(params).toContain('int');
     }
   });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges from SqlRepository methods → Repository interface methods', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edges = mi.filter(
+      (e) => e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') && e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    expect(edges.length).toBe(2);
+    const names = edges.map((e) => e.source).sort();
+    expect(names).toEqual(['find', 'save']);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/python.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/python.test.ts
index 0fa62f4c0..f1108dec6 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/python.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/python.test.ts
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ describe('Python relative import & heritage resolution', () => {
   });
 
   it('no OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
       expect(target).toBeDefined();
@@ -2100,4 +2100,14 @@ describe('Python abstract dispatch', () => {
       expect(params).toContain('int');
     }
   });
+
+  it('does not emit METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for abstract-class inheritance (only interface/trait parents)', () => {
+    // Python ABC is modelled as a Class with EXTENDS (not Interface with IMPLEMENTS),
+    // so the MRO processor does not emit METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges here.
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edges = mi.filter(
+      (e) => e.sourceFilePath.includes('impl.py') && e.targetFilePath.includes('base.py'),
+    );
+    expect(edges.length).toBe(0);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/ruby.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/ruby.test.ts
index bdb76f4ac..84bb137eb 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/ruby.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/ruby.test.ts
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ describe('Ruby require_relative, heritage & property resolution', () => {
   // --- No OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes ---
 
   it('no OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
       expect(target).toBeDefined();
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/rust.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/rust.test.ts
index ad205eee2..496f15e9b 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/rust.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/rust.test.ts
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ describe('Rust trait implementation resolution', () => {
   });
 
   it('no OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
       expect(target).toBeDefined();
@@ -1847,4 +1847,13 @@ describe('Rust abstract dispatch (Repository trait)', () => {
     expect(saveCall).toBeDefined();
     expect(countCall).toBeDefined();
   });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges from SqlRepo impl methods → Repository trait methods', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    // find and save are required trait methods; count has a default impl so no METHOD_IMPLEMENTS
+    const libEdges = mi.filter((e) => e.sourceFilePath.includes('lib.rs'));
+    expect(libEdges.length).toBe(2);
+    const names = libEdges.map((e) => e.source).sort();
+    expect(names).toEqual(['find', 'save']);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/swift.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/swift.test.ts
index 8534927b8..272770527 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/swift.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/swift.test.ts
@@ -799,4 +799,69 @@ describe.skipIf(!swiftAvailable)('Swift abstract dispatch', () => {
     expect(sqlFind).toBeDefined();
     expect(sqlFind!.properties.returnType).toBe('String');
   });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges from SqlRepository methods → Repository protocol methods', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edges = mi.filter((e) => e.sourceFilePath.includes('Repository.swift'));
+    expect(edges.length).toBe(2);
+    const names = edges.map((e) => e.source).sort();
+    expect(names).toEqual(['find', 'save']);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Overloaded method disambiguation: protocol with overloaded find + save,
+// concrete class implements all three. Verifies METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges
+// correctly distinguish between overloaded signatures.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe.skipIf(!swiftAvailable)('Swift overloaded method disambiguation', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'swift-overload-dispatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects 2 distinct find Method nodes on SqlRepository', () => {
+    const methods = getNodesByLabelFull(result, 'Method');
+    const sqlRepoFinds = methods.filter(
+      (m) => m.name === 'find' && m.properties.filePath?.includes('SqlRepository'),
+    );
+    // Swift class methods may be emitted as Function nodes
+    const functions = getNodesByLabelFull(result, 'Function');
+    const sqlRepoFindFns = functions.filter(
+      (m) => m.name === 'find' && m.properties.filePath?.includes('SqlRepository'),
+    );
+    const totalFinds = sqlRepoFinds.length + sqlRepoFindFns.length;
+    expect(totalFinds).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges for both find overloads', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const findEdges = mi.filter(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    expect(findEdges.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge for save', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const saveEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'save' &&
+        e.target === 'save' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('SqlRepository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('Repository'),
+    );
+    expect(saveEdge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits exactly 3 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges total', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    expect(mi.length).toBe(3);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts
index 00742c2cc..cd55301d3 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/integration/resolvers/typescript.test.ts
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ describe('TypeScript heritage resolution', () => {
   });
 
   it('no OVERRIDES edges target Property nodes', () => {
-    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'OVERRIDES');
+    const overrides = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
     for (const edge of overrides) {
       const target = result.graph.getNode(edge.rel.targetId);
       expect(target).toBeDefined();
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ describe('TypeScript return type inference via explicit function return type', (
   });
 
   it('resolves user.save() to User#save via return type of getUser(): User', () => {
-    // TS has explicit return types in the source, so extractMethodSignature captures
+    // TS has explicit return types in the source, so the method extractor captures
     // the return type. The TS extractInitializer handles `const user = getUser()`
     // via the variable_declarator path, enabling save() to resolve to User#save.
     const calls = getRelationships(result, 'CALLS');
@@ -2395,3 +2395,104 @@ describe('TypeScript method enrichment', () => {
     expect(classifyCall).toBeDefined();
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Interface dispatch: METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('TypeScript interface dispatch (METHOD_IMPLEMENTS)', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(
+      path.join(FIXTURES, 'typescript-interface-dispatch'),
+      () => {},
+    );
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('detects IRepository interface and SqlRepository class', () => {
+    const classes = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Class');
+    const ifaces = getNodesByLabel(result, 'Interface');
+    expect(classes).toContain('SqlRepository');
+    expect(ifaces).toContain('IRepository');
+  });
+
+  it('emits IMPLEMENTS edge SqlRepository → IRepository', () => {
+    const impl = getRelationships(result, 'IMPLEMENTS');
+    const edge = impl.find((e) => e.source === 'SqlRepository' && e.target === 'IRepository');
+    expect(edge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges for find and save', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const findEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('sql-repository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('repository'),
+    );
+    const saveEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'save' &&
+        e.target === 'save' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('sql-repository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('repository'),
+    );
+    expect(findEdge).toBeDefined();
+    expect(saveEdge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Overloaded method disambiguation: interface with overloaded find + save,
+// concrete class implements all three. TypeScript overloads collapse to one
+// implementation signature — expect the implementation body, not individual
+// overload signatures.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('TypeScript overloaded method disambiguation', () => {
+  let result: PipelineResult;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    result = await runPipelineFromRepo(path.join(FIXTURES, 'ts-overload-dispatch'), () => {});
+  }, 60000);
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge for find', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const findEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('sql-repository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('repository'),
+    );
+    expect(findEdge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge for save', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    const saveEdge = mi.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'save' &&
+        e.target === 'save' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('sql-repository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('repository'),
+    );
+    expect(saveEdge).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('TypeScript overloads collapse — find has one implementation METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge', () => {
+    const mi = getRelationships(result, 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+    // TypeScript overloads collapse to one implementation signature,
+    // so we expect a single METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge for find (not two)
+    const findEdges = mi.filter(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source === 'find' &&
+        e.target === 'find' &&
+        e.sourceFilePath.includes('sql-repository') &&
+        e.targetFilePath.includes('repository'),
+    );
+    expect(findEdges.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/impact-confidence.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/impact-confidence.test.ts
index c7c3f8b53..d5ecefc0f 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/impact-confidence.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/impact-confidence.test.ts
@@ -34,8 +34,12 @@ describe('IMPACT_RELATION_CONFIDENCE', () => {
     expect(IMPACT_RELATION_CONFIDENCE['IMPLEMENTS']).toBe(0.85);
   });
 
-  it('OVERRIDES has confidence 0.85 (statically verifiable override)', () => {
-    expect(IMPACT_RELATION_CONFIDENCE['OVERRIDES']).toBe(0.85);
+  it('METHOD_OVERRIDES has confidence 0.85 (statically verifiable override)', () => {
+    expect(IMPACT_RELATION_CONFIDENCE['METHOD_OVERRIDES']).toBe(0.85);
+  });
+
+  it('METHOD_IMPLEMENTS has confidence 0.85 (statically verifiable implementation)', () => {
+    expect(IMPACT_RELATION_CONFIDENCE['METHOD_IMPLEMENTS']).toBe(0.85);
   });
 
   it('HAS_METHOD has confidence 0.95 (structural containment)', () => {
@@ -76,7 +80,8 @@ describe('confidenceForRelType', () => {
     expect(confidenceForRelType('IMPORTS')).toBe(0.9);
     expect(confidenceForRelType('EXTENDS')).toBe(0.85);
     expect(confidenceForRelType('IMPLEMENTS')).toBe(0.85);
-    expect(confidenceForRelType('OVERRIDES')).toBe(0.85);
+    expect(confidenceForRelType('METHOD_OVERRIDES')).toBe(0.85);
+    expect(confidenceForRelType('METHOD_IMPLEMENTS')).toBe(0.85);
     expect(confidenceForRelType('HAS_METHOD')).toBe(0.95);
     expect(confidenceForRelType('HAS_PROPERTY')).toBe(0.95);
     expect(confidenceForRelType('ACCESSES')).toBe(0.8);
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/ingestion-utils.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/ingestion-utils.test.ts
index a2f2c9e82..c41b2e43b 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/ingestion-utils.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/ingestion-utils.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { getLanguageFromFilename, SupportedLanguages } from 'gitnexus-shared';
 import { getProvider } from '../../src/core/ingestion/languages/index.js';
-import { extractFunctionName } from '../../src/core/ingestion/utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import type { SyntaxNode } from '../../src/core/ingestion/utils/ast-helpers.js';
+import type { NodeLabel } from 'gitnexus-shared';
+import type { LanguageProvider } from '../../src/core/ingestion/language-provider.js';
 import {
   getTreeSitterBufferSize,
   TREE_SITTER_BUFFER_SIZE,
@@ -341,8 +343,23 @@ describe('isBuiltInOrNoise', () => {
   });
 });
 
-describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
+describe('extractFunctionName (via methodExtractor)', () => {
   const parser = new Parser();
+  const cProvider = getProvider(SupportedLanguages.C);
+  const cppProvider = getProvider(SupportedLanguages.CPlusPlus);
+  const tsProvider = getProvider(SupportedLanguages.TypeScript);
+
+  /** Test helper: extracts function name using methodExtractor hook with generic fallback. */
+  const extractFunctionName = (
+    node: SyntaxNode | null,
+    provider?: LanguageProvider,
+  ): { funcName: string | null; label: NodeLabel } => {
+    if (!node) return { funcName: null, label: 'Function' };
+    const result = provider?.methodExtractor?.extractFunctionName?.(node);
+    if (result) return result;
+    const funcName = node.childForFieldName?.('name')?.text ?? null;
+    return { funcName, label: 'Function' };
+  };
 
   describe('C', () => {
     it('extracts function name from C function definition', () => {
@@ -351,7 +368,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('main');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Function');
@@ -363,7 +380,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('helper');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Function');
@@ -377,7 +394,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cppProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('OnEncryptData');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Method');
@@ -389,7 +406,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cppProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('OnDataOprEvent');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Method');
@@ -401,7 +418,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cppProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('standalone_function');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Function');
@@ -413,7 +430,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cppProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('handler');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Method');
@@ -427,7 +444,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('get_data');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Function');
@@ -439,7 +456,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('get_strings');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Function');
@@ -451,7 +468,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('create_node');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Function');
@@ -465,7 +482,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cppProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('getData');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Method');
@@ -477,7 +494,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cppProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('get_name');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Function');
@@ -489,7 +506,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cppProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('at');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Method');
@@ -501,7 +518,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cppProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('getName');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Method');
@@ -515,7 +532,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const tree = parser.parse(code);
       const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcNode, cppProvider);
 
       // destructor_name includes the ~ prefix
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('~MyClass');
@@ -533,7 +550,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const declarator = varDecl!.namedChild(0);
       const arrowFunc = declarator!.namedChild(1);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(arrowFunc);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(arrowFunc, tsProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('myHandler');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Function');
@@ -548,7 +565,7 @@ describe('extractFunctionName', () => {
       const declarator = varDecl!.namedChild(0);
       const funcExpr = declarator!.namedChild(1);
 
-      const result = extractFunctionName(funcExpr);
+      const result = extractFunctionName(funcExpr, tsProvider);
 
       expect(result.funcName).toBe('processItem');
       expect(result.label).toBe('Function');
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/method-signature.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/method-signature.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index af9e79e55..000000000
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/method-signature.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,523 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
-import { extractMethodSignature } from '../../src/core/ingestion/utils/ast-helpers.js';
-import Parser from 'tree-sitter';
-import TypeScript from 'tree-sitter-typescript';
-import Python from 'tree-sitter-python';
-import Java from 'tree-sitter-java';
-import CSharp from 'tree-sitter-c-sharp';
-import Kotlin from 'tree-sitter-kotlin';
-import CPP from 'tree-sitter-cpp';
-import Go from 'tree-sitter-go';
-import Rust from 'tree-sitter-rust';
-
-describe('extractMethodSignature', () => {
-  const parser = new Parser();
-
-  it('returns zero params and no return type for null node', () => {
-    const sig = extractMethodSignature(null);
-    expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
-    expect(sig.returnType).toBeUndefined();
-  });
-
-  describe('TypeScript', () => {
-    it('extracts params and return type from a typed method', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(TypeScript.typescript);
-      const code = `class Foo {
-  greet(name: string, age: number): boolean { return true; }
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(2);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('boolean');
-    });
-
-    it('extracts zero params from a method with no parameters', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(TypeScript.typescript);
-      const code = `class Foo {
-  run(): void {}
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('void');
-    });
-
-    it('extracts params without return type annotation', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(TypeScript.typescript);
-      const code = `class Foo {
-  process(x: number) { return x + 1; }
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-
-    it('skips TypeScript this-parameter (compile-time constraint)', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(TypeScript.typescript);
-      const code = `class Handler {
-  handle(this: void, event: Event): void {}
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      // 'this' is not a real parameter — only 'event' should be counted
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-    });
-
-    it('skips this-parameter in top-level function', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(TypeScript.typescript);
-      const code = `function onClick(this: HTMLElement, ev: MouseEvent): void {}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Python', () => {
-    it('skips self parameter', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Python);
-      const code = `class Foo:
-    def bar(self, x, y):
-        pass`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(2);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-
-    it('handles method with only self', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Python);
-      const code = `class Foo:
-    def noop(self):
-        pass`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
-    });
-
-    it('handles Python return type annotation', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Python);
-      const code = `class Foo:
-    def bar(self, x: int) -> bool:
-        return True`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      // The important thing is parameterCount is correct; returnType may vary.
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Java', () => {
-    it('extracts params from a Java method', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Java);
-      const code = `class Foo {
-  public int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(2);
-    });
-
-    it('extracts zero params from no-arg Java method', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Java);
-      const code = `class Foo {
-  public void run() {}
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
-    });
-
-    it('extracts parameterTypes for Java overloaded methods', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Java);
-      const code = `class Svc {
-  public User lookup(int id) { return null; }
-  public User lookup(String name) { return null; }
-  public void process(int code, String msg) {}
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classBody = tree.rootNode.child(0)!.childForFieldName('body')!;
-
-      const sig0 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(0)!);
-      expect(sig0.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig0.parameterTypes).toEqual(['int']);
-
-      const sig1 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(1)!);
-      expect(sig1.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig1.parameterTypes).toEqual(['String']);
-
-      const sig2 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(2)!);
-      expect(sig2.parameterCount).toBe(2);
-      expect(sig2.parameterTypes).toEqual(['int', 'String']);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Kotlin', () => {
-    it('extracts params from a Kotlin function declaration', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Kotlin);
-      const code = `object OneArg {
-  fun writeAudit(message: String): String {
-    return message
-  }
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const objectNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = objectNode.namedChild(1)!;
-      const functionNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(functionNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-    });
-
-    it('extracts zero params from a no-arg Kotlin function', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Kotlin);
-      const code = `object ZeroArg {
-  fun writeAudit(): String {
-    return "zero"
-  }
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const objectNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = objectNode.namedChild(1)!;
-      const functionNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(functionNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
-    });
-
-    it('extracts parameterTypes for Kotlin overloaded functions', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Kotlin);
-      const code = `class Svc {
-  fun lookup(id: Int): User? { return null }
-  fun lookup(name: String): User? { return null }
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classBody = tree.rootNode.child(0)!.namedChild(1)!;
-
-      const sig0 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(0)!);
-      expect(sig0.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig0.parameterTypes).toEqual(['Int']);
-
-      const sig1 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(1)!);
-      expect(sig1.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig1.parameterTypes).toEqual(['String']);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('C++', () => {
-    it('extracts params from a nested C++ declarator', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CPP);
-      const code = `inline const char* write_audit(const char* message) {
-  return message;
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const functionNode = tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(functionNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-    });
-
-    it('extracts zero params from a no-arg C++ function', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CPP);
-      const code = `inline const char* write_audit() {
-  return "zero";
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const functionNode = tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(functionNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
-    });
-
-    it('extracts parameterTypes for C++ overloaded functions', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CPP);
-      const code = `User* lookup(int id) { return nullptr; }
-User* lookup(string name) { return nullptr; }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-
-      const sig0 = extractMethodSignature(tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!);
-      expect(sig0.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig0.parameterTypes).toEqual(['int']);
-
-      const sig1 = extractMethodSignature(tree.rootNode.namedChild(1)!);
-      expect(sig1.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig1.parameterTypes).toEqual(['string']);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('C#', () => {
-    it('extracts params from a C# method', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CSharp);
-      const code = `class Foo {
-  public bool Check(string name, int count) { return true; }
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(2);
-    });
-
-    it('extracts parameterTypes for C# overloaded methods', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CSharp);
-      const code = `class Svc {
-  public User Lookup(int id) { return null; }
-  public User Lookup(string name) { return null; }
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classBody = tree.rootNode.child(0)!.childForFieldName('body')!;
-
-      const sig0 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(0)!);
-      expect(sig0.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig0.parameterTypes).toEqual(['int']);
-
-      const sig1 = extractMethodSignature(classBody.namedChild(1)!);
-      expect(sig1.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig1.parameterTypes).toEqual(['string']);
-    });
-
-    it('handles C# method with no params', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CSharp);
-      const code = `class Foo {
-  public void Execute() {}
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
-    });
-
-    it('extracts return type from C# method', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CSharp);
-      const code = `class Svc {
-  public User GetUser(string name) { return null; }
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('User');
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Go', () => {
-    it('extracts params and single return type', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Go);
-      const code = `package main
-func add(a int, b int) int { return a + b }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChildren.find((c) => c.type === 'function_declaration')!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(2);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('int');
-    });
-
-    it('extracts multi-return type', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Go);
-      const code = `package main
-func parse(s string) (string, error) { return s, nil }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChildren.find((c) => c.type === 'function_declaration')!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('string');
-    });
-
-    it('handles no return type', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Go);
-      const code = `package main
-func doSomething(x int) { }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChildren.find((c) => c.type === 'function_declaration')!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(1);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-
-    it('marks variadic function with undefined parameterCount', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Go);
-      const code = `package main
-func log(args ...string) int { return 0 }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChildren.find((c) => c.type === 'function_declaration')!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBeUndefined();
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('int');
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Rust', () => {
-    it('extracts return type from function', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Rust);
-      const code = `fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 { a + b }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(2);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('i32');
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('C++ return types', () => {
-    it('extracts primitive return type', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CPP);
-      const code = `int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(2);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('int');
-    });
-
-    it('extracts qualified return type', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CPP);
-      const code = `std::string getName() { return ""; }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBe(0);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('std::string');
-    });
-
-    it('returns undefined returnType for void', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CPP);
-      const code = `void doNothing() { }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-
-    it('marks variadic function with undefined parameterCount', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(CPP);
-      const code = `int printf(const char* fmt, ...) { return 0; }`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBeUndefined();
-      expect(sig.returnType).toBe('int');
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('variadic params', () => {
-    it('Java: marks varargs with undefined parameterCount', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Java);
-      const code = `class Foo {
-  public void log(String fmt, Object... args) {}
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-
-    it('Python: marks *args with undefined parameterCount', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Python);
-      const code = `class Foo:
-    def log(self, fmt, *args):
-        pass`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-
-    it('Python: marks **kwargs with undefined parameterCount', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Python);
-      const code = `class Foo:
-    def config(self, **kwargs):
-        pass`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const classNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = classNode.childForFieldName('body')!;
-      const methodNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(methodNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-
-    it('TypeScript: marks rest params with undefined parameterCount', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(TypeScript.typescript);
-      const code = `function logEntry(...messages: string[]): void {}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const funcNode = tree.rootNode.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(funcNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-
-    it('Kotlin: marks vararg with undefined parameterCount', () => {
-      parser.setLanguage(Kotlin);
-      const code = `object Foo {
-  fun log(vararg args: String) {}
-}`;
-      const tree = parser.parse(code);
-      const objectNode = tree.rootNode.child(0)!;
-      const classBody = objectNode.namedChild(1)!;
-      const functionNode = classBody.namedChild(0)!;
-
-      const sig = extractMethodSignature(functionNode);
-      expect(sig.parameterCount).toBeUndefined();
-    });
-  });
-});
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/mro-processor.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/mro-processor.test.ts
index d071e41e2..51b2791e0 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/mro-processor.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/mro-processor.test.ts
@@ -28,13 +28,23 @@ function addMethod(
   className: string,
   methodName: string,
   classLabel: 'Class' | 'Interface' | 'Struct' | 'Trait' = 'Class',
+  parameterTypes?: string[],
+  opts?: { isAbstract?: boolean; parameterCount?: number },
 ) {
+  // Derive arity for the ID suffix: explicit parameterCount > parameterTypes.length > 0
+  const arity = opts?.parameterCount ?? parameterTypes?.length ?? 0;
   const classId = generateId(classLabel, className);
-  const methodId = generateId('Method', `${className}.${methodName}`);
+  const methodId = generateId('Method', `${className}.${methodName}#${arity}`);
   graph.addNode({
     id: methodId,
     label: 'Method',
-    properties: { name: methodName, filePath: `src/${className}.ts` },
+    properties: {
+      name: methodName,
+      filePath: `src/${className}.ts`,
+      parameterCount: arity,
+      ...(parameterTypes ? { parameterTypes } : {}),
+      ...(opts?.isAbstract !== undefined ? { isAbstract: opts.isAbstract } : {}),
+    },
   });
   graph.addRelationship({
     id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${classId}->${methodId}`),
@@ -66,6 +76,25 @@ function addExtends(
   });
 }
 
+function addInterfaceExtends(
+  graph: KnowledgeGraph,
+  childName: string,
+  parentName: string,
+  childLabel: 'Interface' | 'Trait' = 'Interface',
+  parentLabel: 'Interface' | 'Trait' = 'Interface',
+) {
+  const childId = generateId(childLabel, childName);
+  const parentId = generateId(parentLabel, parentName);
+  graph.addRelationship({
+    id: generateId('EXTENDS', `${childId}->${parentId}`),
+    sourceId: childId,
+    targetId: parentId,
+    type: 'EXTENDS',
+    confidence: 1.0,
+    reason: '',
+  });
+}
+
 function addImplements(
   graph: KnowledgeGraph,
   childName: string,
@@ -128,7 +157,7 @@ describe('computeMRO', () => {
 
       // OVERRIDES edge emitted
       expect(result.overrideEdges).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
-      const overrides = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'OVERRIDES');
+      const overrides = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
       expect(overrides.some((r) => r.sourceId === dId && r.targetId === bFoo)).toBe(true);
     });
 
@@ -296,7 +325,7 @@ describe('computeMRO', () => {
 
       // No OVERRIDES edge emitted for Rust ambiguity
       const overrides = graph.relationships.filter(
-        (r) => r.type === 'OVERRIDES' && r.sourceId === generateId('Struct', 'MyStruct'),
+        (r) => r.type === 'METHOD_OVERRIDES' && r.sourceId === generateId('Struct', 'MyStruct'),
       );
       expect(overrides).toHaveLength(0);
     });
@@ -347,7 +376,7 @@ describe('computeMRO', () => {
       const result = computeMRO(graph);
 
       // No OVERRIDES edge should be emitted for properties
-      const overrides = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'OVERRIDES');
+      const overrides = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
       expect(overrides).toHaveLength(0);
       expect(result.overrideEdges).toBe(0);
     });
@@ -399,7 +428,7 @@ describe('computeMRO', () => {
       const result = computeMRO(graph);
 
       // Only 1 OVERRIDES edge (for the method, not the property)
-      const overrides = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'OVERRIDES');
+      const overrides = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_OVERRIDES');
       expect(overrides).toHaveLength(1);
       expect(overrides[0].targetId).toBe(methodA); // leftmost base wins for C++
       expect(result.overrideEdges).toBe(1);
@@ -511,4 +540,1180 @@ describe('computeMRO', () => {
       expect(result).toBeDefined();
     });
   });
+
+  // ---- METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges -----------------------------------------------
+  describe('METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges', () => {
+    it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for class implementing interface method', () => {
+      // IAnimal { speak() } <-- Dog { speak() }
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IAnimal', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'Dog', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'Dog', 'IAnimal');
+      const ifaceMethod = addMethod(graph, 'IAnimal', 'speak', 'Interface');
+      const classMethod = addMethod(graph, 'Dog', 'speak');
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(1);
+
+      // Verify the edge exists: ConcreteMethod → InterfaceMethod
+      const edges: any[] = [];
+      graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+        if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') edges.push(rel);
+      });
+      expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(classMethod);
+      expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(ifaceMethod);
+      // Both sides have parameterCount=0 (arity match) → confidence 1.0
+      expect(edges[0].confidence).toBe(1.0);
+    });
+
+    it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for Rust struct implementing trait', () => {
+      // Drawable { draw() } <-- Circle { draw() }
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'Drawable', 'rust', 'Trait');
+      addClass(graph, 'Circle', 'rust', 'Struct');
+      addImplements(graph, 'Circle', 'Drawable', 'Struct', 'Trait');
+      const traitMethod = addMethod(graph, 'Drawable', 'draw', 'Trait');
+      const structMethod = addMethod(graph, 'Circle', 'draw', 'Struct');
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(1);
+
+      const edges: any[] = [];
+      graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+        if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') edges.push(rel);
+      });
+      expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(structMethod);
+      expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(traitMethod);
+    });
+
+    it('matches overloaded interface methods by parameterTypes', () => {
+      // IRepo { find(String), find(String, int) } <-- SqlRepo { find(String), find(String, int) }
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IRepo', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'SqlRepo', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'SqlRepo', 'IRepo');
+
+      // Use manual IDs to avoid overloaded-name collision (same name, different types)
+      const ifaceFind1 = generateId('Method', 'IRepo.find#1');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: ifaceFind1,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: {
+          name: 'find',
+          filePath: 'src/IRepo.ts',
+          parameterTypes: ['String'],
+          parameterCount: 1,
+        },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Interface', 'IRepo')}->${ifaceFind1}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Interface', 'IRepo'),
+        targetId: ifaceFind1,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      const ifaceFind2 = generateId('Method', 'IRepo.find#2');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: ifaceFind2,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: {
+          name: 'find',
+          filePath: 'src/IRepo.ts',
+          parameterTypes: ['String', 'int'],
+          parameterCount: 2,
+        },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Interface', 'IRepo')}->${ifaceFind2}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Interface', 'IRepo'),
+        targetId: ifaceFind2,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      const sqlFind1Id = generateId('Method', 'SqlRepo.find#1');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: sqlFind1Id,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: {
+          name: 'find',
+          filePath: 'src/SqlRepo.ts',
+          parameterTypes: ['String'],
+          parameterCount: 1,
+        },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Class', 'SqlRepo')}->${sqlFind1Id}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Class', 'SqlRepo'),
+        targetId: sqlFind1Id,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      const sqlFind2Id = generateId('Method', 'SqlRepo.find#2');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: sqlFind2Id,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: {
+          name: 'find',
+          filePath: 'src/SqlRepo.ts',
+          parameterTypes: ['String', 'int'],
+          parameterCount: 2,
+        },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Class', 'SqlRepo')}->${sqlFind2Id}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Class', 'SqlRepo'),
+        targetId: sqlFind2Id,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(2);
+
+      const edges: any[] = [];
+      graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+        if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') edges.push(rel);
+      });
+      expect(edges).toHaveLength(2);
+      // find(String) → find(String) and find(String, int) → find(String, int)
+      const edge1 = edges.find((e) => e.targetId === ifaceFind1);
+      const edge2 = edges.find((e) => e.targetId === ifaceFind2);
+      expect(edge1).toBeDefined();
+      expect(edge1!.sourceId).toBe(sqlFind1Id);
+      expect(edge2).toBeDefined();
+      expect(edge2!.sourceId).toBe(sqlFind2Id);
+    });
+
+    it('includes default interface methods (not just abstract)', () => {
+      // Java 8 default method: IFoo { bar() } <-- Baz { bar() }
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IFoo', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'Baz', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'Baz', 'IFoo');
+      // Default method (has body, not abstract) — should still get METHOD_IMPLEMENTS
+      addMethod(graph, 'IFoo', 'bar', 'Interface');
+      addMethod(graph, 'Baz', 'bar');
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('does not emit METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for class extending another class', () => {
+      // Animal { speak() } <-- Dog { speak() } — EXTENDS, not IMPLEMENTS
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'Animal', 'java');
+      addClass(graph, 'Dog', 'java');
+      addExtends(graph, 'Dog', 'Animal');
+      addMethod(graph, 'Animal', 'speak');
+      addMethod(graph, 'Dog', 'speak');
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('does not emit METHOD_IMPLEMENTS when class has no matching method', () => {
+      // IAnimal { speak() } <-- Dog { bark() } — no name match
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IAnimal', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'Dog', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'Dog', 'IAnimal');
+      addMethod(graph, 'IAnimal', 'speak', 'Interface');
+      addMethod(graph, 'Dog', 'bark');
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('skips Property nodes on interface', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IFoo', 'csharp', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'Bar', 'csharp');
+      addImplements(graph, 'Bar', 'IFoo');
+
+      // Add a Property to the interface (not a Method)
+      const propId = generateId('Property', 'IFoo.name');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: propId,
+        label: 'Property',
+        properties: { name: 'name', filePath: 'src/IFoo.ts' },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Interface', 'IFoo')}->${propId}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Interface', 'IFoo'),
+        targetId: propId,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+      addMethod(graph, 'Bar', 'name');
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    describe('METHOD_IMPLEMENTS transitive ancestors', () => {
+      it('transitive interface chain: C.foo links to both B.foo and A.foo', () => {
+        // A (Interface) has foo, B (Interface) has foo extends A, C (Class) implements B
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'A', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'B', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'C', 'java');
+
+        addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'B', 'A');
+        addImplements(graph, 'C', 'B');
+
+        const aFoo = addMethod(graph, 'A', 'foo', 'Interface');
+        const bFoo = addMethod(graph, 'B', 'foo', 'Interface');
+        addMethod(graph, 'C', 'foo');
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+        const edges: any[] = [];
+        graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+          if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') edges.push(rel);
+        });
+
+        // C.foo should link to both B.foo and A.foo
+        expect(edges.some((e) => e.targetId === bFoo)).toBe(true);
+        expect(edges.some((e) => e.targetId === aFoo)).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
+      });
+
+      it('inherited contract method only on grandparent: C.bar links to A.bar', () => {
+        // A (Interface) has bar, B (Interface) extends A but has NO bar, C implements B
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'A', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'B', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'C', 'java');
+
+        addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'B', 'A');
+        addImplements(graph, 'C', 'B');
+
+        const aBar = addMethod(graph, 'A', 'bar', 'Interface');
+        // B has no bar method
+        addMethod(graph, 'C', 'bar');
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+        const edges: any[] = [];
+        graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+          if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') edges.push(rel);
+        });
+
+        // C.bar should link to A.bar even though A is not a direct parent
+        expect(edges.some((e) => e.targetId === aBar)).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+      });
+
+      it('diamond deduplication: E.foo gets exactly one edge to A.foo', () => {
+        // A (Interface) has foo
+        // B (Interface) has foo, extends A
+        // D (Interface) has foo, extends A
+        // E (Class) implements B and D
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'A', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'B', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'D', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'E', 'java');
+
+        addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'B', 'A');
+        addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'D', 'A');
+        addImplements(graph, 'E', 'B');
+        addImplements(graph, 'E', 'D');
+
+        const aFoo = addMethod(graph, 'A', 'foo', 'Interface');
+        const bFoo = addMethod(graph, 'B', 'foo', 'Interface');
+        const dFoo = addMethod(graph, 'D', 'foo', 'Interface');
+        addMethod(graph, 'E', 'foo');
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+        const eFoo = generateId('Method', 'E.foo#0');
+        const edges: any[] = [];
+        graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+          if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') edges.push(rel);
+        });
+
+        // Filter to only edges FROM E.foo
+        const eFooEdges = edges.filter((e) => e.sourceId === eFoo);
+
+        // E.foo should link to B.foo, D.foo, and exactly ONE A.foo (deduplicated)
+        expect(eFooEdges.filter((e) => e.targetId === bFoo)).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(eFooEdges.filter((e) => e.targetId === dFoo)).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(eFooEdges.filter((e) => e.targetId === aFoo)).toHaveLength(1);
+        // Total from E.foo: 3 edges (B.foo + D.foo + A.foo), not 4
+        expect(eFooEdges).toHaveLength(3);
+      });
+
+      it('no transitive through class-only chain', () => {
+        // A (Class) has foo, B (Class) extends A has foo, C (Class) extends B has foo
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'A', 'java');
+        addClass(graph, 'B', 'java');
+        addClass(graph, 'C', 'java');
+
+        addExtends(graph, 'B', 'A');
+        addExtends(graph, 'C', 'B');
+
+        addMethod(graph, 'A', 'foo');
+        addMethod(graph, 'B', 'foo');
+        addMethod(graph, 'C', 'foo');
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+        // All class-extends, no interface involved → 0 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges
+        expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('is queryable via MATCH pattern', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IRepo', 'typescript', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'SqlRepo', 'typescript');
+      addImplements(graph, 'SqlRepo', 'IRepo');
+      addMethod(graph, 'IRepo', 'fetch', 'Interface');
+      const concreteId = addMethod(graph, 'SqlRepo', 'fetch');
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      // Simulate MATCH (m)-[:METHOD_IMPLEMENTS]->(i) RETURN m
+      const implementingMethods: string[] = [];
+      graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+        if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') {
+          implementingMethods.push(rel.sourceId);
+        }
+      });
+      expect(implementingMethods).toContain(concreteId);
+    });
+
+    describe('METHOD_IMPLEMENTS inherited + arity matching', () => {
+      it('inherited implementation: Base.foo satisfies I.foo when C has no own foo', () => {
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'Base', 'java');
+        addClass(graph, 'I', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'C', 'java');
+
+        addExtends(graph, 'C', 'Base');
+        addImplements(graph, 'C', 'I');
+
+        const baseFoo = addMethod(graph, 'Base', 'foo');
+        const iFoo = addMethod(graph, 'I', 'foo', 'Interface');
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+        const edges: any[] = [];
+        graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+          if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') edges.push(rel);
+        });
+
+        expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(baseFoo);
+        expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(iFoo);
+        expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(1);
+      });
+
+      it('class has own method — no inherited lookup needed', () => {
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'Base2', 'java');
+        addClass(graph, 'I2', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'C2', 'java');
+
+        addExtends(graph, 'C2', 'Base2');
+        addImplements(graph, 'C2', 'I2');
+
+        const baseFoo = addMethod(graph, 'Base2', 'foo');
+        const iFoo = addMethod(graph, 'I2', 'foo', 'Interface');
+        const cFoo = addMethod(graph, 'C2', 'foo');
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+        const edges: any[] = [];
+        graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+          if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') edges.push(rel);
+        });
+
+        // Should use C2.foo, not Base2.foo
+        expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(cFoo);
+        expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(iFoo);
+      });
+
+      it('deep inheritance chain: GrandBase.foo satisfies I.foo', () => {
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'GrandBase', 'java');
+        addClass(graph, 'Base3', 'java');
+        addClass(graph, 'I3', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'C3', 'java');
+
+        addExtends(graph, 'Base3', 'GrandBase');
+        addExtends(graph, 'C3', 'Base3');
+        addImplements(graph, 'C3', 'I3');
+
+        const grandFoo = addMethod(graph, 'GrandBase', 'foo');
+        // Base3 has NO foo
+        const iFoo = addMethod(graph, 'I3', 'foo', 'Interface');
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+        const edges: any[] = [];
+        graph.forEachRelationship((rel) => {
+          if (rel.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS') edges.push(rel);
+        });
+
+        expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(grandFoo);
+        expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(iFoo);
+        expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(1);
+      });
+
+      it('arity mismatch prevents false match', () => {
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'IArity', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'CArity', 'java');
+        addImplements(graph, 'CArity', 'IArity');
+
+        // Interface method: parameterCount=2, no parameterTypes
+        const iMethodId = generateId('Method', 'IArity.process#2');
+        graph.addNode({
+          id: iMethodId,
+          label: 'Method',
+          properties: { name: 'process', filePath: 'src/IArity.ts', parameterCount: 2 },
+        });
+        graph.addRelationship({
+          id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Interface', 'IArity')}->${iMethodId}`),
+          sourceId: generateId('Interface', 'IArity'),
+          targetId: iMethodId,
+          type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+          confidence: 1.0,
+          reason: '',
+        });
+
+        // Class method: parameterCount=3, no parameterTypes
+        const cMethodId = generateId('Method', 'CArity.process#3');
+        graph.addNode({
+          id: cMethodId,
+          label: 'Method',
+          properties: { name: 'process', filePath: 'src/CArity.ts', parameterCount: 3 },
+        });
+        graph.addRelationship({
+          id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Class', 'CArity')}->${cMethodId}`),
+          sourceId: generateId('Class', 'CArity'),
+          targetId: cMethodId,
+          type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+          confidence: 1.0,
+          reason: '',
+        });
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+        expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(0);
+      });
+
+      it('arity match when types missing', () => {
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'IArityOk', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'CArityOk', 'java');
+        addImplements(graph, 'CArityOk', 'IArityOk');
+
+        // Interface method: parameterCount=2, no parameterTypes
+        const iMethodId = generateId('Method', 'IArityOk.process#2');
+        graph.addNode({
+          id: iMethodId,
+          label: 'Method',
+          properties: { name: 'process', filePath: 'src/IArityOk.ts', parameterCount: 2 },
+        });
+        graph.addRelationship({
+          id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Interface', 'IArityOk')}->${iMethodId}`),
+          sourceId: generateId('Interface', 'IArityOk'),
+          targetId: iMethodId,
+          type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+          confidence: 1.0,
+          reason: '',
+        });
+
+        // Class method: parameterCount=2, no parameterTypes
+        const cMethodId = generateId('Method', 'CArityOk.process#2');
+        graph.addNode({
+          id: cMethodId,
+          label: 'Method',
+          properties: { name: 'process', filePath: 'src/CArityOk.ts', parameterCount: 2 },
+        });
+        graph.addRelationship({
+          id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Class', 'CArityOk')}->${cMethodId}`),
+          sourceId: generateId('Class', 'CArityOk'),
+          targetId: cMethodId,
+          type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+          confidence: 1.0,
+          reason: '',
+        });
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+        expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(1);
+      });
+
+      it('multiple same-arity candidates = ambiguous, no edge emitted', () => {
+        const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+        addClass(graph, 'IAmbig', 'java', 'Interface');
+        addClass(graph, 'CAmbig', 'java');
+        addImplements(graph, 'CAmbig', 'IAmbig');
+
+        // Interface method: parameterCount=1, no parameterTypes
+        const iMethodId = generateId('Method', 'IAmbig.handle#1');
+        graph.addNode({
+          id: iMethodId,
+          label: 'Method',
+          properties: { name: 'handle', filePath: 'src/IAmbig.ts', parameterCount: 1 },
+        });
+        graph.addRelationship({
+          id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Interface', 'IAmbig')}->${iMethodId}`),
+          sourceId: generateId('Interface', 'IAmbig'),
+          targetId: iMethodId,
+          type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+          confidence: 1.0,
+          reason: '',
+        });
+
+        // Two class methods named handle, both with parameterCount=1
+        const cMethod1 = generateId('Method', 'CAmbig.handle.1#1');
+        graph.addNode({
+          id: cMethod1,
+          label: 'Method',
+          properties: { name: 'handle', filePath: 'src/CAmbig.ts', parameterCount: 1 },
+        });
+        graph.addRelationship({
+          id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Class', 'CAmbig')}->${cMethod1}`),
+          sourceId: generateId('Class', 'CAmbig'),
+          targetId: cMethod1,
+          type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+          confidence: 1.0,
+          reason: '',
+        });
+
+        const cMethod2 = generateId('Method', 'CAmbig.handle.2#1');
+        graph.addNode({
+          id: cMethod2,
+          label: 'Method',
+          properties: { name: 'handle', filePath: 'src/CAmbig.ts', parameterCount: 1 },
+        });
+        graph.addRelationship({
+          id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Class', 'CAmbig')}->${cMethod2}`),
+          sourceId: generateId('Class', 'CAmbig'),
+          targetId: cMethod2,
+          type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+          confidence: 1.0,
+          reason: '',
+        });
+
+        const result = computeMRO(graph);
+        expect(result.methodImplementsEdges).toBe(0);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ---- findInheritedMethod ambiguity detection ------------------------------
+  describe('findInheritedMethod ambiguity', () => {
+    it('returns null when two EXTENDS parents both provide matching method', () => {
+      // I { foo() }, B { foo() }, M { foo() }, C extends B + M, C implements I
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'I', 'cpp', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'B', 'cpp');
+      addClass(graph, 'M', 'cpp');
+      addClass(graph, 'C', 'cpp');
+      addImplements(graph, 'C', 'I');
+      addExtends(graph, 'C', 'B');
+      addExtends(graph, 'C', 'M');
+      addMethod(graph, 'I', 'foo', 'Interface');
+      addMethod(graph, 'B', 'foo');
+      addMethod(graph, 'M', 'foo');
+      // C has NO own foo — must walk EXTENDS chain
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      // Ambiguous: B.foo and M.foo both match — no METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      const fooEdges = mi.filter((e) => graph.getNode(e.targetId)?.properties.name === 'foo');
+      expect(fooEdges).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('diamond dedup: same method via two paths is NOT ambiguous', () => {
+      // I { foo() }, GrandBase { foo() }, B extends GrandBase, M extends GrandBase
+      // C extends B + M, C implements I
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'I', 'cpp', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'GrandBase', 'cpp');
+      addClass(graph, 'B', 'cpp');
+      addClass(graph, 'M', 'cpp');
+      addClass(graph, 'C', 'cpp');
+      addImplements(graph, 'C', 'I');
+      addExtends(graph, 'C', 'B');
+      addExtends(graph, 'C', 'M');
+      addExtends(graph, 'B', 'GrandBase');
+      addExtends(graph, 'M', 'GrandBase');
+      addMethod(graph, 'I', 'foo', 'Interface');
+      const gbFoo = addMethod(graph, 'GrandBase', 'foo');
+      // B and M have NO own foo — both inherit from GrandBase
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      // Not ambiguous: same GrandBase.foo via both paths
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      const fooEdge = mi.find((e) => e.sourceId === gbFoo);
+      expect(fooEdge).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('C extends B extends A, B and A both have foo → returns B.foo (nearest)', () => {
+      // I { foo() }, A { foo() }, B extends A { foo() }, C extends B implements I { no foo }
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'I', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'A', 'java');
+      addClass(graph, 'B', 'java');
+      addClass(graph, 'C', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'C', 'I');
+      addExtends(graph, 'C', 'B');
+      addExtends(graph, 'B', 'A');
+      addMethod(graph, 'I', 'foo', 'Interface');
+      addMethod(graph, 'A', 'foo');
+      const bFoo = addMethod(graph, 'B', 'foo');
+      // C has NO own foo — nearest is B.foo at depth 1
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      const fooEdge = mi.find((e) => e.sourceId === bFoo);
+      expect(fooEdge).toBeDefined();
+      // A.foo should NOT be reached
+      const aFooId = generateId('Method', 'A.foo#0');
+      const aFooEdge = mi.find((e) => e.sourceId === aFooId);
+      expect(aFooEdge).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('C extends B extends A, only A has foo → returns A.foo (single match at depth 2)', () => {
+      // I { foo() }, A { foo() }, B extends A { no foo }, C extends B implements I { no foo }
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'I', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'A', 'java');
+      addClass(graph, 'B', 'java');
+      addClass(graph, 'C', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'C', 'I');
+      addExtends(graph, 'C', 'B');
+      addExtends(graph, 'B', 'A');
+      addMethod(graph, 'I', 'foo', 'Interface');
+      const aFoo = addMethod(graph, 'A', 'foo');
+      // B has NO foo, C has NO foo — only A.foo at depth 2
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      const fooEdge = mi.find((e) => e.sourceId === aFoo);
+      expect(fooEdge).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ---- METHOD_IMPLEMENTS concrete-source guard ----------------------------
+  describe('METHOD_IMPLEMENTS concrete-source guard', () => {
+    it('interface B extends interface A, B redeclares foo → 0 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'A', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'B', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'B', 'A');
+      addMethod(graph, 'A', 'foo', 'Interface');
+      addMethod(graph, 'B', 'foo', 'Interface');
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(mi).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('abstract class C implements I, C has abstract foo → 0 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for foo', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'I', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'C', 'java', 'Class');
+      addImplements(graph, 'C', 'I');
+      addMethod(graph, 'I', 'foo', 'Interface');
+
+      // Add abstract method manually with isAbstract flag
+      const classId = generateId('Class', 'C');
+      const methodId = generateId('Method', 'C.foo#0');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: methodId,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: { name: 'foo', filePath: 'src/C.ts', isAbstract: true, parameterCount: 0 },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${classId}->${methodId}`),
+        sourceId: classId,
+        targetId: methodId,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(mi).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('abstract class C implements I, C has concrete bar → 1 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS for bar', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'I', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'C', 'java', 'Class');
+      addImplements(graph, 'C', 'I');
+      addMethod(graph, 'I', 'bar', 'Interface');
+      const cBar = addMethod(graph, 'C', 'bar');
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(mi).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(mi[0].sourceId).toBe(cBar);
+    });
+
+    it('concrete class implements interface → 1 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS (regression)', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'I', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'C', 'java', 'Class');
+      addImplements(graph, 'C', 'I');
+      addMethod(graph, 'I', 'foo', 'Interface');
+      const cFoo = addMethod(graph, 'C', 'foo');
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(mi).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(mi[0].sourceId).toBe(cFoo);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('default interface method resolution', () => {
+    it('interface default method satisfies grandparent interface contract', () => {
+      // I1 has abstract bar, I2 extends I1 and provides concrete bar,
+      // C implements I2 with no own bar → edge from I2.bar → I1.bar
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'I1Def', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'I2Def', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'CDef', 'java');
+
+      addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'I2Def', 'I1Def');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CDef', 'I2Def');
+
+      const i1Bar = addMethod(graph, 'I1Def', 'bar', 'Interface', undefined, { isAbstract: true });
+      const i2Bar = addMethod(graph, 'I2Def', 'bar', 'Interface', undefined, {
+        isAbstract: false,
+      });
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const edges = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(i2Bar);
+      expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(i1Bar);
+    });
+
+    it('own method takes priority over interface default', () => {
+      // I has concrete default bar, C implements I and has own bar
+      // → edge from C.bar → I.bar (own method wins, no IMPLEMENTS fallback needed)
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IOwn', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'COwn', 'java');
+
+      addImplements(graph, 'COwn', 'IOwn');
+
+      const iBar = addMethod(graph, 'IOwn', 'bar', 'Interface', undefined, { isAbstract: false });
+      const cBar = addMethod(graph, 'COwn', 'bar');
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const edges = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(cBar);
+      expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(iBar);
+    });
+
+    it('transitive interface default: C implements I2, I2 extends I1, I1 has abstract bar, I2 has default bar → I2.bar satisfies I1.bar', () => {
+      // I1 (Interface) has abstract bar
+      // I2 (Interface) extends I1, has concrete default bar
+      // C (Class) implements I2, has NO bar
+      // The main emitter processes CImpl's ancestor I1 (transitive via I2).
+      // I1.bar is abstract → CImpl has no own bar → findInheritedMethod runs.
+      // EXTENDS BFS: nothing. IMPLEMENTS BFS: walks I2 → finds concrete I2.bar.
+      // Edge: I2.bar → I1.bar
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'I1', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'I2', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'CImpl', 'java');
+
+      // I1 has abstract bar
+      const i1Bar = addMethod(graph, 'I1', 'bar', 'Interface', undefined, { isAbstract: true });
+      // I2 has concrete default bar
+      const i2Bar = addMethod(graph, 'I2', 'bar', 'Interface');
+
+      // I2 extends I1
+      const i2Id = generateId('Interface', 'I2');
+      const i1Id = generateId('Interface', 'I1');
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('EXTENDS', `${i2Id}->${i1Id}`),
+        sourceId: i2Id,
+        targetId: i1Id,
+        type: 'EXTENDS',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+      // CImpl implements I2
+      addImplements(graph, 'CImpl', 'I2');
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      // I2.bar (concrete default) satisfies I1.bar (abstract contract)
+      const barEdge = mi.find((e) => e.targetId === i1Bar && e.sourceId === i2Bar);
+      expect(barEdge).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('EXTENDS method takes priority over interface default', () => {
+      // I has concrete default foo, Base has concrete foo,
+      // C extends Base and implements I with no own foo
+      // → edge from Base.foo → I.foo (EXTENDS wins over IMPLEMENTS default)
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IExtPri', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'BaseExtPri', 'java');
+      addClass(graph, 'CExtPri', 'java');
+
+      addExtends(graph, 'CExtPri', 'BaseExtPri');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CExtPri', 'IExtPri');
+
+      const iFoo = addMethod(graph, 'IExtPri', 'foo', 'Interface', undefined, {
+        isAbstract: false,
+      });
+      const baseFoo = addMethod(graph, 'BaseExtPri', 'foo');
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const edges = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(baseFoo);
+      expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(iFoo);
+    });
+
+    it('Dart implements Class — does NOT inherit concrete method bodies', () => {
+      // Dart: class C implements AbstractBase (labeled Class, not Interface)
+      // AbstractBase has concrete method foo
+      // C has NO foo — but Dart implements does NOT inherit bodies
+      // → 0 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edges from the IMPLEMENTS fallback
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'AbstractBase', 'dart'); // Class label, not Interface
+      addClass(graph, 'DartImpl', 'dart');
+
+      // AbstractBase has concrete foo
+      addMethod(graph, 'AbstractBase', 'foo');
+
+      // DartImpl implements AbstractBase (IMPLEMENTS edge to a Class)
+      addImplements(graph, 'DartImpl', 'AbstractBase', 'Class', 'Interface');
+      // But we need AbstractBase to be a Class, not Interface — fix the label
+      // Actually addImplements creates the edge, but AbstractBase was added as Class.
+      // The IMPLEMENTS edge target needs to match the actual node ID.
+      // Let's do this manually:
+      const dartImplId = generateId('Class', 'DartImpl');
+      const absBaseId = generateId('Class', 'AbstractBase');
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('IMPLEMENTS', `${dartImplId}->${absBaseId}`),
+        sourceId: dartImplId,
+        targetId: absBaseId,
+        type: 'IMPLEMENTS',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      // No edges — IMPLEMENTS fallback skips Class-labeled parents
+      expect(mi).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('Interface default still works after Dart label gate', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IDefault', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'Impl', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'Impl', 'IDefault');
+      // IDefault has abstract contract method
+      const iFoo = addMethod(graph, 'IDefault', 'foo', 'Interface', undefined, {
+        isAbstract: true,
+      });
+      // IDefault also has concrete default bar
+      const iBar = addMethod(graph, 'IDefault', 'bar', 'Interface');
+      // Impl has foo but not bar
+      addMethod(graph, 'Impl', 'foo');
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+      const mi = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      // foo: own method matches → edge from Impl.foo → IDefault.foo
+      const fooEdge = mi.find((e) => e.targetId === iFoo);
+      expect(fooEdge).toBeDefined();
+      // bar: no own method, IMPLEMENTS fallback finds IDefault.bar (Interface label OK)
+      const barEdge = mi.find((e) => e.sourceId === iBar && e.targetId === iBar);
+      // Actually bar is the same method — it's the default implementation satisfying itself.
+      // The emitter processes IDefault.bar as an ancestor method, Impl has no bar,
+      // findInheritedMethod runs, walks IMPLEMENTS → finds IDefault.bar (non-abstract).
+      // But excludeMethodId = ancestorMethodId = iBar → skipped to prevent self-edge!
+      // So no bar edge. This is correct — the default satisfies the contract inherently.
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('METHOD_IMPLEMENTS confidence tiering', () => {
+    it('fully-typed match gets confidence 1.0', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'ITyped', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'CTyped', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CTyped', 'ITyped');
+
+      const iFoo = addMethod(graph, 'ITyped', 'foo', 'Interface', ['int', 'String']);
+      const cFoo = addMethod(graph, 'CTyped', 'foo', 'Class', ['int', 'String']);
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const edges = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(cFoo);
+      expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(iFoo);
+      expect(edges[0].confidence).toBe(1.0);
+    });
+
+    it('arity-only match (both have parameterCount, no types) gets confidence 1.0', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IArity', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'CArity', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CArity', 'IArity');
+
+      // Manually add methods with parameterCount but no parameterTypes
+      const iBarId = generateId('Method', 'IArity.bar#2');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: iBarId,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: { name: 'bar', filePath: 'src/IArity.ts', parameterCount: 2 },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Interface', 'IArity')}->${iBarId}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Interface', 'IArity'),
+        targetId: iBarId,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      const cBarId = generateId('Method', 'CArity.bar#2');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: cBarId,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: { name: 'bar', filePath: 'src/CArity.ts', parameterCount: 2 },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Class', 'CArity')}->${cBarId}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Class', 'CArity'),
+        targetId: cBarId,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const edges = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(cBarId);
+      expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(iBarId);
+      expect(edges[0].confidence).toBe(1.0);
+    });
+
+    it('lenient match (no types, no parameterCount on both sides) gets confidence 0.7', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'ILenient', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'CLenient', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CLenient', 'ILenient');
+
+      // Manually create methods WITHOUT parameterCount to simulate legacy/missing arity
+      const iBazId = generateId('Method', 'ILenient.baz');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: iBazId,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: { name: 'baz', filePath: 'src/ILenient.ts' },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Interface', 'ILenient')}->${iBazId}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Interface', 'ILenient'),
+        targetId: iBazId,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      const cBazId = generateId('Method', 'CLenient.baz');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: cBazId,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: { name: 'baz', filePath: 'src/CLenient.ts' },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Class', 'CLenient')}->${cBazId}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Class', 'CLenient'),
+        targetId: cBazId,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const edges = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(cBazId);
+      expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(iBazId);
+      expect(edges[0].confidence).toBe(0.7);
+    });
+
+    it('one side has parameterCount, other does not → confidence 0.7', () => {
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IHalf', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'CHalf', 'java');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CHalf', 'IHalf');
+
+      // Interface method has parameterCount but no parameterTypes
+      const iQuxId = generateId('Method', 'IHalf.qux#2');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: iQuxId,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: { name: 'qux', filePath: 'src/IHalf.ts', parameterCount: 2 },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Interface', 'IHalf')}->${iQuxId}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Interface', 'IHalf'),
+        targetId: iQuxId,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      // Class method has neither parameterTypes nor parameterCount (manually constructed)
+      const cQuxId = generateId('Method', 'CHalf.qux');
+      graph.addNode({
+        id: cQuxId,
+        label: 'Method',
+        properties: { name: 'qux', filePath: 'src/CHalf.ts' },
+      });
+      graph.addRelationship({
+        id: generateId('HAS_METHOD', `${generateId('Class', 'CHalf')}->${cQuxId}`),
+        sourceId: generateId('Class', 'CHalf'),
+        targetId: cQuxId,
+        type: 'HAS_METHOD',
+        confidence: 1.0,
+        reason: '',
+      });
+
+      computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const edges = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      expect(edges).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(edges[0].sourceId).toBe(cQuxId);
+      expect(edges[0].targetId).toBe(iQuxId);
+      expect(edges[0].confidence).toBe(0.7);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ---- IMPLEMENTS BFS ambiguity for default methods -------------------------
+  describe('IMPLEMENTS BFS ambiguity for default methods', () => {
+    it('does not emit METHOD_IMPLEMENTS when two interfaces provide same default method (ambiguous)', () => {
+      // IAncestor (Interface) has abstract process()
+      // IAlpha (Interface) extends IAncestor, has concrete process()
+      // IBeta  (Interface) extends IAncestor, has concrete process()
+      // CImpl  (Class) implements IAlpha, implements IBeta
+      // CImpl has NO process() method
+      //
+      // findInheritedMethod walks IMPLEMENTS BFS and finds process() in BOTH
+      // IAlpha and IBeta => ambiguous => null => no METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge.
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IAncestor', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'IAlpha', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'IBeta', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'CImpl', 'java');
+
+      addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'IAlpha', 'IAncestor');
+      addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'IBeta', 'IAncestor');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CImpl', 'IAlpha');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CImpl', 'IBeta');
+
+      addMethod(graph, 'IAncestor', 'process', 'Interface', undefined, { isAbstract: true });
+      addMethod(graph, 'IAlpha', 'process', 'Interface');
+      addMethod(graph, 'IBeta', 'process', 'Interface');
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+      // IAlpha.process -> IAncestor.process and IBeta.process -> IAncestor.process
+      // are legitimate edges from sub-interface processing. The ambiguity check
+      // ensures that NO additional edge is emitted on behalf of CImpl (which has
+      // no own process()). Since CImpl has no methods, no edge should be sourced
+      // from a CImpl method. Verify by checking that the only METHOD_IMPLEMENTS
+      // edges for process() are the two interface-to-interface ones.
+      const edges = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      const processEdges = edges.filter((e) => {
+        const target = graph.getNode(e.targetId);
+        return target?.properties.name === 'process';
+      });
+      // IAlpha.process->IAncestor.process and IBeta.process->IAncestor.process
+      // are emitted from the sub-interface processing (each concrete method
+      // implements the ancestor's abstract method). No additional edge should be
+      // emitted on behalf of CImpl because findInheritedMethod returns null
+      // (ambiguous: two candidates at the same BFS depth).
+      expect(processEdges).toHaveLength(2);
+      const alphaProcess = generateId('Method', 'IAlpha.process#0');
+      const betaProcess = generateId('Method', 'IBeta.process#0');
+      const sourceIds = processEdges.map((e) => e.sourceId).sort();
+      expect(sourceIds).toEqual([alphaProcess, betaProcess].sort());
+    });
+
+    it('emits METHOD_IMPLEMENTS when only one interface provides the default method (unambiguous)', () => {
+      // IAncestor (Interface) has abstract process()
+      // IAlpha (Interface) extends IAncestor, has concrete process()
+      // IBeta  (Interface) extends IAncestor, does NOT have process()
+      // CImpl  (Class) implements IAlpha, implements IBeta
+      // CImpl has NO process() method
+      //
+      // findInheritedMethod walks IMPLEMENTS BFS and finds process() only in
+      // IAlpha => unambiguous => emits 1 METHOD_IMPLEMENTS edge.
+      const graph = createKnowledgeGraph();
+      addClass(graph, 'IAncestor', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'IAlpha', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'IBeta', 'java', 'Interface');
+      addClass(graph, 'CImpl', 'java');
+
+      addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'IAlpha', 'IAncestor');
+      addInterfaceExtends(graph, 'IBeta', 'IAncestor');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CImpl', 'IAlpha');
+      addImplements(graph, 'CImpl', 'IBeta');
+
+      const ancestorProcess = addMethod(graph, 'IAncestor', 'process', 'Interface', undefined, {
+        isAbstract: true,
+      });
+      const alphaProcess = addMethod(graph, 'IAlpha', 'process', 'Interface');
+      // IBeta has no process() method
+
+      const result = computeMRO(graph);
+
+      const edges = graph.relationships.filter((r) => r.type === 'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS');
+      const processEdges = edges.filter((e) => {
+        const target = graph.getNode(e.targetId);
+        return target?.properties.name === 'process';
+      });
+      // At minimum, IAlpha.process -> IAncestor.process is emitted (from IAlpha's
+      // own processing). CImpl's findInheritedMethod also finds IAlpha.process as
+      // the sole unambiguous match, potentially emitting the same edge again.
+      expect(processEdges.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+      // Every process edge should point from IAlpha.process to IAncestor.process
+      for (const edge of processEdges) {
+        expect(edge.sourceId).toBe(alphaProcess);
+        expect(edge.targetId).toBe(ancestorProcess);
+      }
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/gitnexus/test/unit/security.test.ts b/gitnexus/test/unit/security.test.ts
index 7d16880ae..0adee1915 100644
--- a/gitnexus/test/unit/security.test.ts
+++ b/gitnexus/test/unit/security.test.ts
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ describe('isWriteQuery', () => {
 
 describe('VALID_RELATION_TYPES', () => {
   it('contains all expected relation types', () => {
-    expect(VALID_RELATION_TYPES.size).toBe(13);
+    expect(VALID_RELATION_TYPES.size).toBe(15);
     for (const t of [
       'CALLS',
       'IMPORTS',
@@ -114,7 +114,9 @@ describe('VALID_RELATION_TYPES', () => {
       'IMPLEMENTS',
       'HAS_METHOD',
       'HAS_PROPERTY',
+      'METHOD_OVERRIDES',
       'OVERRIDES',
+      'METHOD_IMPLEMENTS',
       'ACCESSES',
       'HANDLES_ROUTE',
       'FETCHES',